WO2016155092A1 - 一种龙虾同步脱皮方法 - Google Patents

一种龙虾同步脱皮方法 Download PDF

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WO2016155092A1
WO2016155092A1 PCT/CN2015/079389 CN2015079389W WO2016155092A1 WO 2016155092 A1 WO2016155092 A1 WO 2016155092A1 CN 2015079389 W CN2015079389 W CN 2015079389W WO 2016155092 A1 WO2016155092 A1 WO 2016155092A1
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lobster
treatment
peeling
turntable
feed
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PCT/CN2015/079389
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English (en)
French (fr)
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曹跃明
粟才红
樊联民
文俊
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深圳市龙科源水产养殖有限公司
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Publication of WO2016155092A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016155092A1/zh
Priority to PH12017501929A priority Critical patent/PH12017501929A1/en

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A22—BUTCHERING; MEAT TREATMENT; PROCESSING POULTRY OR FISH
    • A22C—PROCESSING MEAT, POULTRY, OR FISH
    • A22C29/00—Processing shellfish or bivalves, e.g. oysters, lobsters; Devices therefor, e.g. claw locks, claw crushers, grading devices; Processing lines
    • A22C29/02—Processing shrimps, lobsters or the like ; Methods or machines for the shelling of shellfish
    • A22C29/024—Opening, shelling or peeling shellfish
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
    • Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for synchronous peeling of lobster, in particular to a method for synchronous peeling of lobster under factory farming conditions.
  • Freshwater lobster (commonly known as crayfish) belongs to Procambarus clarkii (scientific name: Procambarus clarkii).
  • the genus Polygonaceae belongs to the crayfish category. All the patents involved in this patent are marine lobsters, belonging to the lobster family. There are significant differences in terms of classification status, distribution area, living habits, appearance, specifications and economic value.
  • Lobster farming is still in its infancy around the world, and both factory farming and high-density farming are technical gaps.
  • the current main breeding method is polyculture: by collecting lobster seed or semi-finished lobster from the wild environment, it is put into the sea cage to be farmed with other fish. The number of culture is small and the density is low, which is only a by-product of culture.
  • the main factors restricting the high-density breeding and industrial aquaculture of lobsters are the mutual killing of lobsters during peeling and the death of other organisms; the second is the death of physical failure caused by unsuccessful peeling under factory farming conditions; It is impossible to obtain sufficient and economical breeding seedlings.
  • the invention designs a complete technical scheme according to the biological characteristics of the lobster, the basic principle of the occurrence of peeling and the nutritional requirements, and the cultured lobster of different specifications and different development stages can achieve synchronous peeling and treatment through the treatment of the program.
  • the specific method includes the following steps:
  • Step A Nutritional enhancement treatment: before the implementation, feed the lobster special compound feed and chilled feed to complete the off The nutrient accumulation required by the skin;
  • Step B Adding the start element: After completing the nutrient strengthening treatment, the starter element and the homemade special lobster compound feed are premixed by the feed binder and fed for one day, once in the morning and evening;
  • Step C Dry treatment: After the lobsters that have taken the starter element are stopped, they are concentrated in the dark room and dried out of the water;
  • Step D Place the obtained lobster into a multi-factor treatment system and wait for peeling.
  • the main component of the special compound feed is made of feather protein with a mass fraction of 10% on the basis of the compound feed of the prawns, and the chilled feed refers to the fish and shrimp mixture on the market which is preserved by ice (not frozen).
  • Feed adhesives are common adhesives that are commercially available;
  • the basic components of the starter element are: by weight percentage, oyster shell powder 75%, eggshell powder 10%, marine red yeast powder 5%, feed binder 10%, vitamin D (according to the weight of lobster plus 10 international units) .
  • the step D comprises the following steps:
  • Step D1 The ultraviolet stroboscopic turntable uniformly places the dried lobster in the plexiglass cylinder, and the plexiglass cylinder equipped with the lobster is transferred to the ultraviolet turntable of the multi-factor processing system through the conveyor belt, and is fixed by the card slot on the turntable.
  • An ultraviolet lamp is installed above the turntable to irradiate the lobster with ultraviolet light;
  • Step D2 low temperature and high salt rest area: the plexiglass cylinder containing the lobster is separated from the ultraviolet turntable, immersed in the low temperature rest water tank, and treated with pure oxygen to avoid the disturbance;
  • Step D3 translating the plexiglass cylinder equipped with the lobster to a normal temperature and a normal brine tank, and providing a low-voltage electrode at both ends of the water tank, and performing intermittent electric shock on the lobster through the low-pressure electrode;
  • Step D4 The lobster subjected to the electric shock treatment is taken out from the glass jar and poured into the rapids loop. After 15 minutes of treatment, the lobster is transferred to the conventional breeding pond and waits for peeling.
  • the water depth of the loop is 30-35 cm, and the flow rate is 10-12 m/sec.
  • the lobster is transferred to a conventional breeding pond and waits for peeling.
  • the feeding time is 18-24 hours.
  • the conditions of the dryness are: the temperature is 24-25 ° C, the humidity is 70-90%, and the drying time from the water is 3-4 hours.
  • an ultraviolet lamp tube is disposed above the turntable, and the ultraviolet lamp tube is subjected to 10-15 times/second flashing through the frequency converter, and the lobster individual size is subjected to ultraviolet light irradiation for 10-15 minutes.
  • the temperature of the water tank is 15 ° C - 25 ° C
  • the salinity is 45 ⁇
  • the treatment time is 30 minutes.
  • the normal temperature and the normal brine tank pass through the low-voltage electrodes at both ends of the water tank, and the voltage of the electric shock to the lobster is 12-15 volts, and the maintenance time is 1-3 minutes.
  • the water flow loop has a water depth of 30 cm, a flow rate of 10 m/sec, and after 15 minutes of treatment, the lobster is transferred to a conventional breeding pond and waits for peeling.
  • the specification of the plexiglass cylinder is 1 m long* 0.5 m wide* 0.2 m deep, and the upper surface of the plexiglass cylinder is covered with an anti-escape nylon net, and the bottom of the glass cylinder is provided for seawater infiltration and discharge. Round hole.
  • this technology can artificially accelerate the peeling frequency of lobsters and achieve the purpose of rapid growth
  • the implementation of the synchronous peeling technology in the present invention makes high density and factory farming a reality, and opens up a road for the industrialization of lobsters.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic illustration of the process flow of the present invention.
  • Step 1 Nutritional Intensification Treatment: Before the implementation of the simultaneous peeling technology treatment, the cultured lobster must be cultured and intensively cultivated to create the physiological needs of lobster peeling from the internal factors. Through three days, concentrate and adequately feed the lobster-specific compound feed developed by Longkeyuan Co., Ltd., supplemented with chilled feed containing 20% by weight of crustaceans or shellfish to complete the nutrient accumulation required for peeling. ;
  • Step 2 Adding the starter element: After the nutrient strengthening treatment is completed, the starter element (the main component is the acidified shell powder) is premixed with the homemade lobster compound feed by the feed binder at a weight ratio of 20%. Feed one day, morning and evening;
  • Step 3 Drying treatment: After stopping the lobster feeding the starter element for 24 hours, the temperature is 24 °C. A dark room with a humidity of 70% is exposed to water for 3 hours;
  • Step 4 Multi-factor processing system: divided into 4 processing links:
  • 1 UV stroboscopic turntable The lobster processed by the dry processing is evenly placed in a rectangular plexiglass cylinder with a length of 1 m*width 0.5 m*deep 0.2 m.
  • the top of the cylinder is covered with a 20-mesh white escape nylon net, glass cylinder A circular hole with a diameter of 15 mm is evenly distributed at the bottom to facilitate seawater infiltration and discharge.
  • the plexiglass cylinder with lobster is transferred to the ultraviolet turntable of the multi-factor processing system through the conveyor belt, fixed by the card slot on the turntable, the water level of the turntable is adjusted to 20cm deep, and 4 single-tube power 40w ultraviolet lamps are installed above the turntable.
  • the tube and the turntable can be rotated and lifted, and the ultraviolet lamp is subjected to 10 times/second flashing through the frequency converter, and 10 minutes of ultraviolet flash irradiation is performed according to the individual size of the lobster;
  • the low temperature and high salt rest area is separated from the ultraviolet turntable by the control switch, and immersed in the low temperature (15 ° C), high salt (45 ⁇ ) water tank, and the pure oxygen is passed. Minutes or so to avoid surprises;
  • the main component of the special compound feed is made of feather protein with a mass fraction of 10% on the basis of the compound feed of the prawns, and the chilled feed refers to the fish and shrimp mixture on the market which is preserved by ice (not frozen). ;
  • the basic components of the starter element are: by weight percentage, oyster shell powder 75%, eggshell powder 10%, marine red yeast powder 5%, feed binder 10%, vitamin D (according to the weight of lobster plus 10 international units) .
  • Step 1 Nutritional Intensification Treatment: Before the implementation of the simultaneous peeling technology treatment, the cultured lobster must be cultured and intensively cultivated to create the physiological needs of lobster peeling from the internal factors. Through three days, the lobster was concentrated and fed into the special lobster compound feed developed by Longkeyuan Co., Ltd., supplemented by 20% crustacean. Chilled feed to complete the nutrient accumulation required for peeling;
  • Step 2 Adding the starter element: After the nutrient strengthening treatment is completed, the starter element (the main component is the acidified shell powder) is premixed with the homemade lobster compound feed by the feed binder at a weight ratio of 20%. Feed one day, morning and evening;
  • Step 3 Dry treatment: After stopping the lobsters that have taken the starter element for 24 hours, concentrate on a dark room with a temperature of 24 ° C and a humidity of 70% for 3 hours from the water;
  • Step 4 Multi-factor processing system: divided into 4 processing links:
  • 1 UV stroboscopic turntable The lobster processed by the dry processing is evenly placed in a rectangular plexiglass cylinder with a length of 1 m*width 0.5 m*deep 0.2 m.
  • the top of the cylinder is covered with a 20-mesh white escape nylon net, glass cylinder A circular hole with a diameter of 15 mm is evenly distributed at the bottom to facilitate seawater infiltration and discharge.
  • the plexiglass cylinder with lobster is transferred to the ultraviolet turntable of the multi-factor processing system through the conveyor belt, fixed by the card slot on the turntable, the water level of the turntable is adjusted to 20cm deep, and 4 single-tube power 40w ultraviolet lamps are installed above the turntable.
  • the tube and the turntable can be rotated and lifted, and the ultraviolet lamp is subjected to 10 times/second flashing through the frequency converter, and the ultraviolet light is irradiated for 15 minutes according to the individual size of the lobster;
  • the low temperature and high salt rest area is separated from the ultraviolet turntable by the control switch, and it is immersed in the low temperature (about 15 °C), high salt (45 ⁇ ) rest water tank, and is treated with pure oxygen. 30 minutes or so to avoid being disturbed;
  • the main component of the special compound feed is made of feather protein with a mass fraction of 10% on the basis of the compound feed of the prawns, and the chilled feed refers to the fish and shrimp mixture on the market which is preserved by ice (not frozen). ;
  • the basic components of the starter element are: by weight percentage, oyster shell powder 75%, eggshell powder 10%, marine red yeast powder 5%, feed binder 10%, vitamin D (according to the weight of lobster plus 10 international units) .
  • Step 1 Nutritional Intensification Treatment: Before the implementation of the simultaneous peeling technology treatment, the cultured lobster must be cultured and intensively cultivated to create the physiological needs of lobster peeling from the internal factors. Through three days, concentrate and adequately feed the lobster-specific compound feed developed by Longkeyuan Company, supplemented by 20% crustacean or shellfish-based chilled feed to complete the nutrient accumulation required for peeling;
  • Step 2 Adding the starter element: After the nutrient strengthening treatment is completed, the starter element (the main component is the acidified shell powder) is premixed with the homemade lobster compound feed by the feed binder at a weight ratio of 20%. Feed one day, morning and evening;
  • Step 3 Dry treatment: After stopping the lobsters that have taken the starter element for 24 hours, concentrate on a dark room with a temperature of 24 ° C and a humidity of 70% for 3 hours from the water;
  • Step 4 Multi-factor processing system: divided into 4 processing links:
  • 1External stroboscopic turntable The lobster processed by the dry processing is evenly placed in a rectangular plexiglass cylinder with a length of 1 m*width 0.5 m*deep 0.2 m.
  • the top of the cylinder is covered with a 20-mesh white escape nylon net, glass cylinder A circular hole with a diameter of 15 mm is evenly distributed at the bottom to facilitate seawater infiltration and discharge.
  • the plexiglass cylinder with lobster is transferred to the ultraviolet turntable of the multi-factor processing system through the conveyor belt, fixed by the card slot on the turntable, the water level of the turntable is adjusted to 20cm deep, and 4 single-tube power 40w ultraviolet lamps are installed above the turntable.
  • the tube and the turntable can be rotated and lifted, and the ultraviolet lamp is subjected to 10 times/second flashing through the frequency converter, and 12 minutes of ultraviolet flash irradiation is performed according to the individual size of the lobster;
  • the low temperature and high salt rest area is separated from the ultraviolet turntable by the control switch, and it is immersed in the low temperature (about 15 °C), high salt (45 ⁇ ) rest water tank, and is treated with pure oxygen. 30 minutes or so to avoid being disturbed;
  • the main component of the special compound feed is made of feather protein with a mass fraction of 10% on the basis of the compound feed of the prawns, and the chilled feed refers to the market that is preserved by ice (not frozen). a mixture of fish and shrimp;
  • the basic components of the starter element are: by weight percentage, oyster shell powder 75%, eggshell powder 10%, marine red yeast powder 5%, feed binder 10%, vitamin D (according to the weight of lobster plus 10 international units) .

Abstract

一种龙虾同步脱皮方法，包括以下几个步骤：步骤A: 营养强化处理：在实施前，投喂龙虾专用配合饲料和冰鲜饲料，完成脱皮所需要的营养积累；步骤B: 启动元素的加注：完成营养强化处理后，将启动元素与自制专用龙虾配合饲料通过饲料粘合剂进行预混后投喂一天，早晚各一次；步骤C: 阴干处理：将摄食了启动元素的龙虾停食后，集中于暗房离水干露；步骤D: 将得到的龙虾放入多因子处理系统，等待脱皮。该方法的实施，使高密度和工厂化养殖成为了现实，为龙虾的产业化发展开辟了道路。

Description

一种龙虾同步脱皮方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种龙虾同步脱皮方法，尤其涉及一种工厂化养殖条件下的龙虾同步脱皮工艺方法。
背景技术
龙虾的工厂化养殖技术在国内外鲜有报道，国内龙虾养殖的有关文献资料和技术几乎都是指淡水龙虾，淡水龙虾(俗称小龙虾)属于克氏原螯虾(学名：Procambarus clarkii)，属蝲蛄科，都属于螯虾类，本专利涉及的均为海水龙虾，属于龙虾科的品种，无论从分类地位、分布区域、生活习性、外观、规格及经济价值等方面都有显著的区别。龙虾的养殖在全世界仍处于起步阶段，工厂化养殖和高密度养殖几乎都是技术空白。目前的主要养殖方式为混养：通过从野生环境采集龙虾苗种或半成品龙虾，放入海上网箱中与其它鱼类一块养殖，养殖的数量少，密度低，只作为养殖的副产品。
在龙虾脱皮研究领域，也有相关的实验室研究论文提及通过电击等方法刺激龙虾脱皮的报道，但没有具体的实施方案和可能达到的结果，也没有具体的实施案例。
发明内容
在目前以混养为主的养殖技术条件下，龙虾脱皮时，由于其全身柔软，没有运动和防御能力，而混养的鱼类主要为肉食性品种，龙虾脱皮后至新壳硬化前常常被其他龙虾、鱼类和其它养殖品种攻击和捕食，所以龙虾存活下来的比例很低，龙虾的养殖远没有达到商业化生产的阶段。
制约龙虾高密度养殖和工厂化养殖的主要因素一是龙虾脱皮时的互相残杀及被其它生物捕食导致的大量死亡；二是在工厂化养殖条件下不能顺利脱皮导致的体力衰竭而死亡；三是不能获得足量、经济的养殖种苗。
本发明根据龙虾的生物学特性、脱皮发生的基础原理及营养需求等内外因素，设计了一套完整的技术方案，不同规格和不同发育阶段的养殖龙虾通过该方案的处理，可以达到同步脱皮和顺利脱皮的目的。具体方法包括以下几个步骤：
步骤A:营养强化处理：在实施前，投喂龙虾专用配合饲料和冰鲜饲料，完成脱 皮所需要的营养积累；
步骤B:启动元素的加注：完成营养强化处理后，将启动元素与自制专用龙虾配合饲料通过饲料粘合剂进行预混后投喂一天，早晚各一次；
步骤C:阴干处理：将摄食了启动元素的龙虾停食后，集中于暗房离水干露；
步骤D:将得到的龙虾放入多因子处理系统，等待脱皮。
其中，专用配合饲料的主要成分是在斑节对虾商品配合饲料的基础上加入质量分数为10％的羽毛蛋白制成，冰鲜饲料指通过冰块保鲜(未经冰冻)的市场上鱼虾混合物；饲料粘合剂为市场上购买的普通粘合剂；
启动元素的基本成分为：按重量百分比，牡蛎壳粉75％，蛋壳粉10％，海洋红酵母粉5％，饲料粘合剂10％，维生素D(按照每公斤龙虾体重加入10国际单位)。
优选的，所述步骤D包括以下几个步骤：
步骤D1:紫外线频闪转盘将经过阴干处理的龙虾均匀放置于有机玻璃缸中，装有龙虾的有机玻璃缸通过传送带转移到多因子处理系统的紫外线转盘上，通过转盘上的卡槽固定，在转盘上方安装紫外线灯管，对龙虾实施紫外线闪光照射；
步骤D2:低温高盐休整区:将装有龙虾的有机玻璃缸从紫外线转盘上分离下来，将其浸入低温休整水箱中，通入纯氧处理并避免惊扰；
步骤D3:将装有龙虾的有机玻璃缸平移到常温、常盐水箱，在该水箱两端设置低压电极，通过低压电极对龙虾实施间断性电击；
步骤D4:将经过电击处理的龙虾从玻璃缸中取出，倒入激流环道，经过15分钟的处理后，龙虾转移到常规养殖池，等待脱皮。
其中，常盐水箱中，是指28‰-30‰范围的盐度值。
优选的，所述步骤D4中，环道的水深30-35cm，流速10-12米/秒，经过12-15分钟的处理后，龙虾转移到常规养殖池，等待脱皮。
优选的，所述步骤C中，停食时间为18-24小时。
优选的，所述步骤C中，阴干的条件为：温度为24-25℃、湿度为70-90％，离水干露的时间为3-4小时。
优选的，所述步骤D1中，转盘上方设置有紫外线灯管，紫外线灯管通过变频器进行10-15次/秒的闪照，对龙虾个体大小实施10-15分钟的紫外线闪光照射。
优选的，所述步骤D2中，休整水箱的温度为15℃-25℃，盐度为45‰，处理时间为30分钟。
优选的，所述步骤D3中，所述常温、常盐水箱通过水箱两端的低压电极，对龙虾实施电击的电压为12-15伏特，维持时间为1-3分钟。
优选的，所述步骤D4中，所述激流环道的水深30cm，流速10米/秒，处理时间15分钟后，龙虾转移到常规养殖池，等待脱皮。
优选的，所述步骤D4中，有机玻璃缸的规格为长1米*宽0.5米*深0.2米，所述有机玻璃缸的上面覆盖防逃尼龙网，玻璃缸底部设置有用于海水渗入和排出的圆孔。
本发明的有益效果：
1.通过对引起龙虾脱皮的内因和外因的协同作用，使龙虾达到同步集中脱皮的目的；
2.由于充分考虑到了龙虾脱皮的生物学特点，外因对脱皮的推动作用对脱皮后的个体生长发育没有明显的副作用；
3.在营养条件和生长环境都处于最优的前提下，通过本技术，可以人为加快龙虾的脱皮频率，达到快速生长的目的；
4.本发明中的同步脱皮技术的实施，使高密度和工厂化养殖成为了现实，为龙虾的产业化发展开辟了道路。
附图说明
图1是本发明工艺流程的示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图，对本发明的较优的实施例作进一步的详细说明：
实例1:
步骤1.营养强化处理：在实施同步脱皮技术处理前，必须对养殖龙虾进行营养强化培养，从内因上创造龙虾脱皮的生理需要。通过3天时间向龙虾集中、足量投喂由龙科源公司自行研发的龙虾专用配合饲料，辅以重量百分比20％甲壳类或贝类为主的冰鲜饲料，完成脱皮所需要的营养积累；
步骤2.启动元素的加注：完成营养强化处理后，将启动元素(主要成分为经酸化处理的贝壳粉)以20％的重量比与自制专用龙虾配合饲料通过饲料粘合剂进行预混后投喂一天，早晚各一次；
步骤3.阴干处理：将摄食了启动元素的龙虾停食24小时后，集中于气温为24℃、 湿度为70％的暗房离水干露3小时；
步骤4.多因子处理系统：分4个处理环节：
①紫外线频闪转盘将经过阴干处理的龙虾均匀放置于规格为长1米*宽0.5米*深0.2米的长方形有机玻璃缸中，缸的上面覆盖密度为20目的白色防逃尼龙网，玻璃缸底部均匀分布有直径15mm的圆孔，便于海水渗入和排出。装有龙虾的有机玻璃缸通过传送带转移到多因子处理系统的紫外线转盘上，通过转盘上的卡槽固定，将转盘的水位调整到20cm深，在转盘上方安装4支单管功率40w的紫外线灯管，转盘可以旋转和升降，紫外线灯管通过变频器进行10次/秒的闪照，根据龙虾个体大小实施10分钟的紫外线闪光照射；
②低温高盐休整区通过控制开关，将装有龙虾的有机玻璃缸从紫外线转盘上分离下来，将其浸入低温(15℃)、高盐(45‰)休整水箱，通入纯氧，处理30分钟左右，避免惊扰；
③低压电击区将装有龙虾的有机玻璃缸平移到常温、常盐水箱，通过水箱两端的低压电极，对龙虾实施12伏特的间断性电击，维持时间1-3分钟；
④激流环道将经过电击处理的龙虾从玻璃缸中取出，迅速倒入激流环道，环道的水深30cm，流速10米/秒，经过15分钟的处理后，龙虾转移到常规养殖池，等待脱皮。
其中，专用配合饲料的主要成分是在斑节对虾商品配合饲料的基础上加入质量分数为10％的羽毛蛋白制成，冰鲜饲料指通过冰块保鲜(未经冰冻)的市场上鱼虾混合物；
启动元素的基本成分为：按重量百分比，牡蛎壳粉75％，蛋壳粉10％，海洋红酵母粉5％，饲料粘合剂10％，维生素D(按照每公斤龙虾体重加入10国际单位)。
2013年2月至2013年9月，龙科源公司海南文昌基地室内工厂化养殖波纹龙虾3500尾、中国龙虾1900尾，起始规格平均为35.8g/尾，通过设置人工巢穴，定期补充钙磷等营养元素，至2013年9月26日统计，成活率为48％，平均脱壳2.2次/尾，平均个体增重至79.32g/尾.
实施例2
步骤1.营养强化处理：在实施同步脱皮技术处理前，必须对养殖龙虾进行营养强化培养，从内因上创造龙虾脱皮的生理需要。通过3天时间向龙虾集中、足量投喂由龙科源公司自行研发的龙虾专用配合饲料，辅以重量比为20％甲壳类为主的 冰鲜饲料，完成脱皮所需要的营养积累；
步骤2.启动元素的加注：完成营养强化处理后，将启动元素(主要成分为经酸化处理的贝壳粉)以20％的重量比与自制专用龙虾配合饲料通过饲料粘合剂进行预混后投喂一天，早晚各一次；
步骤3.阴干处理：将摄食了启动元素的龙虾停食24小时后，集中于气温为24℃、湿度为70％的暗房离水干露3小时；
步骤4.多因子处理系统：分4个处理环节：
①紫外线频闪转盘将经过阴干处理的龙虾均匀放置于规格为长1米*宽0.5米*深0.2米的长方形有机玻璃缸中，缸的上面覆盖密度为20目的白色防逃尼龙网，玻璃缸底部均匀分布有直径15mm的圆孔，便于海水渗入和排出。装有龙虾的有机玻璃缸通过传送带转移到多因子处理系统的紫外线转盘上，通过转盘上的卡槽固定，将转盘的水位调整到20cm深，在转盘上方安装4支单管功率40w的紫外线灯管，转盘可以旋转和升降，紫外线灯管通过变频器进行10次/秒的闪照，根据龙虾个体大小实施15分钟的紫外线闪光照射；
②低温高盐休整区通过控制开关，将装有龙虾的有机玻璃缸从紫外线转盘上分离下来，将其浸入低温(15℃左右)、高盐(45‰)休整水箱，通入纯氧，处理30分钟左右，避免惊扰；
③低压电击区将装有龙虾的有机玻璃缸平移到常温、常盐水箱，通过水箱两端的低压电极，对龙虾实施12伏特的间断性电击，维持时间1-3分钟；
④激流环道将经过电击处理的龙虾从玻璃缸中取出，迅速倒入激流环道，环道的水深30cm，流速10米/秒，经过15分钟的处理后，龙虾转移到常规养殖池，等待脱皮。
其中，专用配合饲料的主要成分是在斑节对虾商品配合饲料的基础上加入质量分数为10％的羽毛蛋白制成，冰鲜饲料指通过冰块保鲜(未经冰冻)的市场上鱼虾混合物；
启动元素的基本成分为：按重量百分比，牡蛎壳粉75％，蛋壳粉10％，海洋红酵母粉5％，饲料粘合剂10％，维生素D(按照每公斤龙虾体重加入10国际单位)。
采用本实施例的方法，2013年3月至2013年10月，龙科源公司深圳东冲基地室内工厂化养殖波纹龙虾5000只、中国龙虾3000只，起始规格平均为36.6克/尾，通过设置人工巢穴，采用上述相同的养殖方法，每50天实施一次同步脱 皮技术处理，共实施4次，至2013年10月30日，总成活率77.6％，平均脱皮3.4次/尾，平均个体增重至117.2g/尾。
实施例3
步骤1.营养强化处理：在实施同步脱皮技术处理前，必须对养殖龙虾进行营养强化培养，从内因上创造龙虾脱皮的生理需要。通过3天时间向龙虾集中、足量投喂由龙科源公司自行研发的龙虾专用配合饲料，辅以20％甲壳类或贝类为主的冰鲜饲料，完成脱皮所需要的营养积累；
步骤2.启动元素的加注：完成营养强化处理后，将启动元素(主要成分为经酸化处理的贝壳粉)以20％的重量比与自制专用龙虾配合饲料通过饲料粘合剂进行预混后投喂一天，早晚各一次；
步骤3.阴干处理：将摄食了启动元素的龙虾停食24小时后，集中于气温为24℃、湿度为70％的暗房离水干露3小时；
步骤4.多因子处理系统：分4个处理环节：
①外线频闪转盘将经过阴干处理的龙虾均匀放置于规格为长1米*宽0.5米*深0.2米的长方形有机玻璃缸中，缸的上面覆盖密度为20目的白色防逃尼龙网，玻璃缸底部均匀分布有直径15mm的圆孔，便于海水渗入和排出。装有龙虾的有机玻璃缸通过传送带转移到多因子处理系统的紫外线转盘上，通过转盘上的卡槽固定，将转盘的水位调整到20cm深，在转盘上方安装4支单管功率40w的紫外线灯管，转盘可以旋转和升降，紫外线灯管通过变频器进行10次/秒的闪照，根据龙虾个体大小实施12分钟的紫外线闪光照射；
②低温高盐休整区通过控制开关，将装有龙虾的有机玻璃缸从紫外线转盘上分离下来，将其浸入低温(15℃左右)、高盐(45‰)休整水箱，通入纯氧，处理30分钟左右，避免惊扰；
③低压电击区将装有龙虾的有机玻璃缸平移到常温、常盐水箱，通过水箱两端的低压电极，对龙虾实施12伏特的间断性电击，维持时间1-3分钟；
④激流环道将经过电击处理的龙虾从玻璃缸中取出，迅速倒入激流环道，环道的水深30cm，流速10米/秒，经过15分钟的处理后，龙虾转移到常规养殖池，等待脱皮。
其中，专用配合饲料的主要成分是在斑节对虾商品配合饲料的基础上加入质量分数为10％的羽毛蛋白制成，冰鲜饲料指通过冰块保鲜(未经冰冻)的市场 上鱼虾混合物；
启动元素的基本成分为：按重量百分比，牡蛎壳粉75％，蛋壳粉10％，海洋红酵母粉5％，饲料粘合剂10％，维生素D(按照每公斤龙虾体重加入10国际单位)。
采用本实施例的方法，2014年3月15日，龙科源公司从惠州三门岛海域收购波纹龙虾和中国龙虾共1085只，规格在28g至114g之间，在龙科源公司东冲基地经过了两天暂养后，成活1013只，对其中的890只活力正常的个体实施同步脱皮技术处理，获得了771只完整的龙虾壳，同步脱皮率达到了86.63％。
以上内容是结合具体的优选实施方式对本发明所作的进一步详细说明，不能认定本发明的具体实施只局限于这些说明。对于本发明所属技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明构思的前提下，还可以做出若干简单推演或替换，都应当视为属于本发明的保护范围。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种龙虾同步脱皮方法，其特征在于，包括以下几个步骤：
    步骤A:营养强化处理：在实施前，投喂龙虾专用配合饲料和冰鲜饲料，完成脱皮所需要的营养积累；
    步骤B:启动元素的加注：完成营养强化处理后，将启动元素与自制专用龙虾配合饲料通过饲料粘合剂进行预混后投喂一天，早晚各一次；
    步骤C:阴干处理：将摄食了启动元素的龙虾停食后，集中于暗房离水干露；
    步骤D:将得到的龙虾放入多因子处理系统，等待脱皮。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的龙虾同步脱皮方法，其特征在于，所述步骤D包括以下几个步骤：
    步骤D1:紫外线频闪转盘将经过阴干处理的龙虾均匀放置于有机玻璃缸中，装有龙虾的有机玻璃缸通过传送带转移到多因子处理系统的紫外线转盘上，通过转盘上的卡槽固定，在转盘上方安装紫外线灯管，对龙虾实施紫外线闪光照射；
    步骤D2:低温高盐休整区:将装有龙虾的有机玻璃缸从紫外线转盘上分离下来，将其浸入低温休整水箱中，通入纯氧处理并避免惊扰；
    步骤D3:将装有龙虾的有机玻璃缸平移到常温、常盐水箱，在该水箱两端设置低压电极，通过低压电极对龙虾实施间断性电击；
    步骤D4:将经过电击处理的龙虾从玻璃缸中取出，倒入激流环道，经过15分钟的处理后，龙虾转移到常规养殖池，等待脱皮；
    步骤D4中，环道的水深30cm，流速10米/秒，经过15分钟的处理后，龙虾转移到常规养殖池，等待脱皮。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的龙虾同步脱皮方法，其特征在于，所述步骤C中，停食时间为18-24小时。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的龙虾同步脱皮方法，其特征在于，所述步骤C中，阴干的条件为：温度为24-25℃、湿度为70-90％，离水干露的时间为3-4小时。
  5. 如权利要求2所述的龙虾同步脱皮方法，其特征在于，所述步骤D1中，转盘上方设置有紫外线灯管，紫外线灯管通过变频器进行10-15次/秒的闪照，对龙虾个体大小实施10-15分钟的紫外线闪光照射。
  6. 如权利要求2所述的龙虾同步脱皮方法，其特征在于，所述步骤D2中，休整水箱的温度为15℃-25℃，盐度为45‰，处理时间为30分钟。
  7. 如权利要求2所述的龙虾同步脱皮方法，其特征在于，所述步骤D3中，常温、常盐水箱，通过水箱两端的低压电极，对龙虾实施电击的电压为12-15伏特，维持时间为1-3分钟。
  8. 如权利要求2所述的龙虾同步脱皮方法，其特征在于，所述步骤D4中，环道的水深30-35cm，流速10-12米/秒，处理时间12-15分钟后，龙虾转移到常规养殖池，等待脱皮。
  9. 如权利要求2所述的龙虾同步脱皮方法，其特征在于，所述步骤D4中，有机玻璃缸的规格为长1米*宽0.5米*深0.2米，所述有机玻璃缸的上面覆盖防逃尼龙网，玻璃缸底部设置有用于海水渗入和排出的圆孔。
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