WO2016139720A1 - Système de traitement de biomasse - Google Patents

Système de traitement de biomasse Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016139720A1
WO2016139720A1 PCT/JP2015/056090 JP2015056090W WO2016139720A1 WO 2016139720 A1 WO2016139720 A1 WO 2016139720A1 JP 2015056090 W JP2015056090 W JP 2015056090W WO 2016139720 A1 WO2016139720 A1 WO 2016139720A1
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Prior art keywords
separated
heat
processing system
slurry body
biomass
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PCT/JP2015/056090
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
泰孝 和田
幸彦 松村
良文 川井
琢史 野口
Original Assignee
中国電力株式会社
国立大学法人広島大学
中電プラント株式会社
株式会社東洋高圧
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Application filed by 中国電力株式会社, 国立大学法人広島大学, 中電プラント株式会社, 株式会社東洋高圧 filed Critical 中国電力株式会社
Priority to PCT/JP2015/056090 priority Critical patent/WO2016139720A1/fr
Priority to JP2016543767A priority patent/JP6364645B2/ja
Publication of WO2016139720A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016139720A1/fr

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
    • C02F11/10—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by pyrolysis
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/72—Other features

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a biomass processing system for efficiently heat-treating biomass.
  • Patent Document 1 discloses that a biomass slurry containing a nonmetallic catalyst is hydrothermally treated under conditions of a temperature of 374 ° C. or higher and a pressure of 22.1 MPa or higher, and the generated gas is used to generate a power generator.
  • a biomass gasification power generation system that generates power and heats a slurry body using exhaust heat from a power generation device is described.
  • FIG. 7 is a diagram for explaining a case where the shochu residue is heated and gasified in a general biomass processing system.
  • the biomass processing system 1 includes a heating unit 3 and a gas-liquid separation unit 4.
  • the heating unit 3 includes a heat exchanger 5 that heats a slurry body generated from a mixture of shochu residue, activated carbon, and water, and a heating mechanism 6 that further heats the slurry body.
  • the gas-liquid separation unit 4 performs gas-liquid separation after depressurizing and cooling a supercritical fluid (referred to as a supercritical fluid) after the gasification reaction is completed, thereby obtaining a gas.
  • the gas separated by the gas-liquid separation unit 4 is used as a combustion gas, for example.
  • FIG. 8 is a diagram for explaining the configuration of a double pipe in a double pipe heat exchanger.
  • the double pipe 7 includes a low temperature side flow path formed by the inner pipe 9 and a high temperature side flow path formed by the outer pipe 12.
  • the slurry body 8 is introduce
  • a supercritical fluid 11 that exchanges heat with the slurry body 8 is introduced into the high-temperature channel.
  • FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional photograph of the double tube after heat-exchanging the mixture containing the shochu residue.
  • black or brown tar 13 adheres to the inner pipe 9 (low temperature side flow path).
  • the mixture containing the shochu residue is subjected to heat exchange with a high temperature fluid in a supercritical state or a subcritical state, and the temperature is raised.
  • the shochu residue contains a lot of organic substances such as protein, lipid and dietary fiber. These organic substances are considered to be thermally decomposed when heated, thereby generating tar.
  • the generated tar obstructs the flow of the raw material by blocking the low temperature side flow path. As a result, the amount of heat exchange is reduced, resulting in a reduction in gas yield. Such clogging of piping due to tar may occur not only in the heat exchanger but also in piping in other heating processes in which the raw material is heat-treated.
  • This invention is made
  • the objective is to provide the biomass processing system for heat-processing biomass efficiently.
  • the present invention for achieving the above-mentioned object is a biomass processing system for heat-treating a slurry produced from a raw material containing biomass, wherein at least one of protein, lipid, and dietary fiber is extracted from the raw material.
  • a separation unit that separates the organic matter contained as a first separated product, the slurry body is generated based on the second separated product that is a residue after the first separated product is separated by the separating unit, The slurry body is heat-treated.
  • Biomass which is a raw material, contains a lot of organic substances such as proteins, lipids and dietary fibers (lignin, etc.), and these organic substances adhere to various pipes in the process of heating the slurry produced from the raw materials, May cause tar formation. Therefore, as in the present invention, the organic material containing at least one of protein, lipid, and dietary fiber (eg lignin) is separated from the raw material from the first separated product (tar-causing substance), and the first separated product is separated.
  • separate) the production
  • the heat treatment here refers to a heat treatment under a high temperature and a high pressure at which the biomass can be gasified by exchanging heat between the slurry body and supercritical water (the temperature at which such heat treatment can be performed, Heat treatment not only at the gasification reaction temperature) but also under supercritical temperature or pressure conditions (for example, hydrothermal treatment, heat treatment in a subcritical state or a temperature lower than the gasification reaction temperature) It is a concept that includes
  • the raw material is, for example, a shochu residue.
  • the shochu residue can be easily separated into a solid content containing a large amount of tar-causing substances and a liquid content not containing the tar-causing substances. Thereby, a shochu residue can be heat-processed efficiently.
  • the separation unit separates the first separated product from the raw material based on a difference in specific gravity.
  • the separation unit may separate the first separation into a solid phase and the second separation into a liquid phase, for example. Moreover, you may use both together.
  • the first separated product separated by the separation unit may be dried. Since the first isolate separated from biomass contains a lot of proteins, lipids, and dietary fiber, the dried product can be stored for a long period of time and used as feed with low transportation costs by drying the first isolate. Can do.
  • the first separated product separated by the separation unit may be dried using exhaust heat from the biomass processing system. If drying of a 1st isolate
  • the slurry is prepared by heat-exchanging the slurry body introduced from the raw material preparation section with the raw material preparation section that generates the slurry body based on the second separated material, and the supercritical fluid.
  • a heat exchanger for heating the body, and a gasification reactor for further heating and gasifying the slurry body heated by the heat exchanger to a supercritical state The biomass may be gasified by heating with the heat exchanger and the gasification reactor. According to this, in the process in which the slurry body flows through the heat exchanger or the gasification reactor and the temperature of the raw material is raised to the gasification reaction temperature, it is possible to reliably prevent the piping in these devices from being blocked. Thereby, biomass can be efficiently gasified.
  • biomass can be efficiently heat-treated in the biomass processing system.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a biomass processing system according to the present embodiment.
  • the biomass processing system 20 includes a raw material preparation unit 30, a heat treatment unit 40, and a gas-liquid separation unit 50.
  • the biomass processing system 20 is a system (gasification system) that generates combustion gas by heating and pressurizing a shochu residue that is a raw material.
  • the shochu in this case may be any of wheat shochu, shochu shochu, rice shochu, soba shochu, or a combination thereof.
  • the raw material preparation unit 30 is a part for preparing raw materials.
  • the raw material preparation unit 30 includes a separation device 31, a preparation tank 33, a pulverizer 34, and a supply pump 35.
  • the separation device 31 is a device that separates an organic substance (hereinafter referred to as a first separated substance) containing at least one of protein, lipid, and dietary fiber from a shochu residue that is a raw material.
  • the separation device 31 removes proteins, lipids, and dietary fibers contained in the shochu residue.
  • the first separated product contains more protein, lipid, and dietary fiber than the residue after separating the first separated product by the separation device 31 (hereinafter referred to as the second separated product).
  • the first separated product is a solid component
  • the second separated product is a liquid component. Details of such a separation device 31 will be described later.
  • the preparation tank 33 is a tank that mixes the second separated product separated by the separation device 31, water, and a nonmetallic catalyst (activated carbon in this embodiment), thereby preparing a mixture.
  • a nonmetallic catalyst activated carbon in this embodiment
  • porous particles having an average particle diameter of 200 ⁇ m or less are used as the activated carbon.
  • the mixing ratio of the liquid, water, and activated carbon is adjusted according to the type, amount, moisture content, etc. of the shochu residue.
  • the pulverizer 34 pulverizes the mixture obtained in the preparation tank 33 so as to make the shochu residue a uniform size in advance (preferably an average particle size of 500 ⁇ m or less, more preferably an average particle size of 300 ⁇ m or less). It is a device.
  • the mixture obtained by the pulverizer 34 is referred to as a slurry body.
  • the supply pump 35 is a device that supplies the slurry discharged from the pulverizer 34 to the heat treatment unit 40.
  • the heat treatment part 40 is a part that heats and gasifies the slurry body prepared by the raw material preparation part 30.
  • the heat treatment unit 40 includes a high-pressure pump 43, a heat exchanger 44, a heater 45, a gasification reactor 46, and a feed tank 47.
  • the slurry body sent to the heat treatment unit 40 by the supply pump 35 is sent to the heat exchanger 44 by the high-pressure pump 43.
  • the heat exchanger 44 is a device that receives the slurry body from the high-pressure pump 43 and further heats the slurry body.
  • the heat exchanger 44 is a double-pipe heat exchanger having a double pipe 48 and is introduced from a gasification reactor 46 and a low-temperature flow path 48a through which the slurry sent from the high-pressure pump 43 flows.
  • the slurry body is heated by exchanging heat with the processed fluid in the low temperature channel 48a.
  • the temperature at the time of introducing the treated fluid into the heat exchanger 44 is, for example, about 600 ° C.
  • the discharge temperature of the treated fluid from the heat exchanger 44 is, for example, about 120 ° C.
  • the discharge temperature of the slurry body from the heat exchanger 44 is about 450 ° C., for example. Since the pressure of the slurry body exceeds the critical pressure 22.1 MPa by the high-pressure pump 43, the slurry body becomes a supercritical state. The slurry body heated by the heat exchanger 44 is sent to the heater 45.
  • the heater 45 is a device for heating the slurry body sent from the heat exchanger 44.
  • the heater 45 includes a combustion device 45a, and a product gas (described later) sent from the gas-liquid separator 50 is combusted by the combustion device 45a to heat the slurry body.
  • the slurry body introduced into the heater 45 is heated to about 600 ° C., for example.
  • the heated slurry body is sent to the gasification reactor 46.
  • the gasification reactor 46 is an apparatus that heats the slurry body sent from the heater 45 and hydrothermally heats organic substances contained in the slurry body.
  • the gasification reactor 46 includes a combustion device 46a, and the product gas sent from the gas-liquid separator 50 is combusted by the combustion device 46a to perform hydrothermal treatment of the slurry body.
  • the slurry body is hydrothermally treated for 1 to 2 minutes under conditions of, for example, 600 ° C. and 25 MPa.
  • the slurry body to be hydrothermally treated is in a supercritical state and is introduced into the heat exchanger 44 as a post-treatment fluid.
  • the feed tank 47 is a tank for storing feed that is a by-product in the biomass processing system 20.
  • the feed stored in the feed tank 47 will be described later.
  • the post-treatment fluid introduced from the gasification reactor 46 to the heat exchanger 44 is heat-exchanged with the slurry body introduced into the low-temperature flow path 48a, and the temperature decreases while maintaining a high pressure. It becomes a critical state. For example, the temperature of the slurry decreases to about 300 ° C. while maintaining a pressure of 25 MPa.
  • the processed fluid may change from a supercritical state to a subcritical state and be separated into a gas and a liquid and may be in a so-called gas-liquid two-phase flow state.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining this gas-liquid two-phase flow.
  • the processed fluid 61 is separated into an upper portion gas phase portion 61a and a lower portion liquid phase portion 61b.
  • Each of the gas phase portion 61a and the liquid phase portion 61b is heat-exchanged with the slurry body 62 flowing through the low temperature channel 48a.
  • the treated fluid that has been subjected to heat exchange with the slurry body is sent to the gas-liquid separator 50.
  • the gas-liquid separator 50 includes a decompression mechanism 51, a gas-liquid separator 52, a gas tank 53, and a drainage treatment device 54.
  • the decompression mechanism 51 is a part that decompresses the processed fluid sent from the heat treatment unit 40, and is configured by, for example, a capillary tube.
  • the gas-liquid separator 52 is a part that separates the processed fluid sent from the decompression mechanism 51 into a liquid component (liquid containing activated carbon or ash) and a gas component (gas such as hydrogen or methane). A gas of about 0.3 MPa is discharged from the gas-liquid separator 52 at room temperature.
  • the gas tank 53 is a container for storing the gas (generated gas) separated by the gas-liquid separator 52.
  • the product gas stored in the gas tank 53 is supplied to the heater 45 and the gasification reactor 46.
  • the drainage treatment apparatus 54 is an apparatus that separates activated carbon and ash contained in the solution separated by the gas-liquid separator 52 from the solution.
  • the drainage treatment device 54 includes, for example, a separation device that separates a solution containing solids into a liquid component and a solid component.
  • the liquid component separated from the drainage treatment device 54 is discharged as a drainage to a predetermined drainage channel.
  • tar organic substances (protein, lipid, dietary fiber (lignin, etc.) of the shochu residue are hereinafter referred to as tar causes.
  • the substance is thermally decomposed to generate tar, which may adhere to the inner wall surface of the inner pipe that defines the low-temperature flow path 48a (for example, the temperature of the slurry becomes 150 ° C. to 450 ° C.).
  • the adhering tar eventually closes the low-temperature flow path 48a and hinders the flow of the slurry body. As a result, the gas yield in the gas-liquid separation unit 50 is reduced.
  • the same phenomenon may occur in piping other than the heat exchanger 44. That is, in other places where the slurry body is heat-treated, such as the heater 45 in the heat treatment section 40, the gasification reactor 46, and their connection piping, there is a possibility that tar is generated and the piping is blocked. is there.
  • the slurry body is not only subjected to heat treatment under high temperature and high pressure (supercritical state) in which the slurry body is gasified by heat exchange with supercritical water, but also under the temperature or pressure conditions below the supercritical state.
  • heat treatment for example, hydrothermal treatment and heat treatment in a subcritical state or a temperature lower than the gasification reaction temperature
  • heat treatment for example, hydrothermal treatment and heat treatment in a subcritical state or a temperature lower than the gasification reaction temperature
  • the raw material preparation unit 30 is provided with a separation device 31 to separate tar-causing substances from the shochu residue, which is the main raw material, in order to prevent such a situation. Like to do.
  • the separation device 31 includes a raw material containing a first separated substance (a solid content in this embodiment) containing a large amount of tar-causing substances and no tar-causing substance (or at least less than the first separated substance). ) Separated into a second separated product (liquid component in this embodiment).
  • the separation device 31 is, for example, a device that separates a raw material into a first separated material and a second separated material based on a difference in specific gravity using gravity or centrifugal force (for example, a stationary storage tank for separating by gravity sedimentation, A centrifuge such as a decanter) or a device (for example, a filter press) that separates the raw material into a first separated product and a second separated product using a filter (for example, the first separated product is separated as a solid phase). The second separation is separated as a liquid phase).
  • the separation device 31 may be a combination of these devices.
  • the second separated product (liquid component of shochu residue) separated by the separation device 31 is sent to the preparation tank 33 as shown in the figure and mixed with water and activated carbon.
  • the first separated product (solid content of the shochu residue) separated by the separation device 31 is introduced into the heater 45 of the heat treatment unit 40.
  • the solid content introduced into the heater 45 is heated and dried by exhaust heat in the heater 45 (exhaust heat generated during combustion by the combustion device 45a). Since the solid content after drying contains a lot of protein, it can be used as feed.
  • the dried solid content is stored in the feed tank 47 as feed.
  • the separation device 31 uses the organic material (first separation) containing at least one of protein, lipid, and dietary fiber (such as lignin) from the raw material.
  • the process of heat-treating the slurry body produced from the raw material by heat-treating the slurry body produced from the residue (second separated material) after the separation of the first separation substance (second separation substance) The production
  • the generated slurry is introduced into the low temperature channel 48a of the heat exchanger 44, and heat exchange is performed with the post-treatment fluid introduced into the high temperature channel 48b. Can be prevented. Thereby, obstruction
  • separated from the shochu residue contains high concentration protein, lipid, and dietary fiber
  • this solid content is heated and dried like the biomass processing system 20 of this embodiment.
  • the water can be surely removed, and the dried product can be used as a high-quality feed that is cheap and can be stored for a long time and is rich in nutrients.
  • drying prevents rot and allows long-term storage, as well as reducing the weight and transportation costs.
  • the nitrogen concentration for example, ammonia concentration
  • the biomass treatment system 20 of the present embodiment since protein contains a lot of nitrogen, it is possible to reduce the nitrogen concentration (for example, ammonia concentration) of the effluent discharged from the effluent treatment device 54 by removing the protein from the shochu residue. Since the discharge of nitrogen to public water bodies or the like causes an environmental load (eutrophication or the like), according to the biomass treatment system 20 of the present embodiment, such an increase in the environmental load can be prevented.
  • FIG. 3 is a view for explaining the processed fluid flowing in the double pipe 48 of the heat exchanger 44.
  • the separation by the separation device 31 is performed, the amount of product gas obtained by hydrothermally treating the organic matter is reduced as much as the organic matter that causes tar is removed from the shochu residue. Therefore, as indicated by reference numeral 63, the gas phase portion 61a of the gas-liquid two-phase flow in the processed fluid 61 in the subcritical state also decreases.
  • the liquid phase portion 61b increases, the heat transfer area of the slurry phase 62 and the liquid phase portion 61b that transfers heat (via the pipe) increases, and as a result, the post-treatment fluid 61 and the slurry body of the low temperature channel 48a.
  • the amount of heat exchanged with 62 increases, and the slurry body 62 can be efficiently heated. This is because the specific heat of the liquid is larger than that of the gas. Accordingly, since the fuel gas used in the heater 45 and the gasification reactor 46 is reduced, the generated gas can be effectively used in the entire system.
  • the separated solid is heated and dried by exhaust heat from the heater 45, but other devices that generate exhaust heat other than the heater 45, for example,
  • the drying of the solid material may be used by using the heat discharged from the gasification reactor 46 or the decompression mechanism 51. Even if comprised in this way, the heat which generate
  • This separation experiment is an experiment in which lipids, proteins, and dietary fibers are separated from the shochu residue and components such as the separated substances are analyzed.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining the procedure of this separation experiment. As shown in the figure, a test container 71 for storing a shochu residue and a filtration container 72 were used in this separation experiment.
  • test vessel 71 charged with the shochu residue 73 was allowed to stand for about 48 hours and waited for the precipitate 74 to settle. Thereafter, the supernatant liquid of the test container 71 was taken out, and the precipitate 74 remaining at the bottom of the test container 71 was introduced into the filtration container 72.
  • the filter container 72 is provided with a filter 75 (a wire mesh having a mesh size of 2 mm), and the precipitate 74 described above was introduced into the upper surface of the filter 75. After filtration, the filtered precipitate 76 remaining in the filter 75 was taken out.
  • a filter 75 a wire mesh having a mesh size of 2 mm
  • FIGS. 5 and 6 are diagrams showing the analysis results of the supernatant obtained in the separation experiment and the precipitate 76 after filtration.
  • the pH of the shochu residue before the experiment was 3.8
  • the water was 88.2 g per 100 g of the shochu residue
  • the lipid was 0.6 g per 100 g of the shochu residue.
  • the protein was 3.8 g per 100 g of shochu residue
  • the dietary fiber was 1.4 g per 100 g of shochu residue.
  • pH is 4.0
  • moisture content is 89.8g per 100g of shochu residue
  • a lipid is less than 0.1g per 100g of shochu residue
  • a protein is 3.5g per 100g of shochu residue
  • dietary fiber It was 0.2g per 100g of shochu residue.
  • the pH is 4.0
  • the moisture is 83.4 g per 100 g of the shochu residue
  • the lipid is 1.6 g per 100 g of the shochu residue
  • the protein is 4.6 g per 100 g of the shochu residue
  • the dietary fiber is 100 g of shochu residue. 4.4g per unit.
  • pH is 3.8
  • moisture content is 91.6g per 100g of shochu residue
  • a lipid is less than 0.1g per 100g of shochu residue
  • a protein is 3.0g per 100g of shochu residue
  • dietary fiber It was 0.3g per 100g of shochu residue.
  • the pH was 3.8
  • the moisture was 83.9 g per 100 g of the shochu residue
  • the lipid was 1.6 g per 100 g of the shochu residue
  • the protein was 3.9 g per 100 g of the shochu residue (of which 0.75 g of glutamic acid )
  • Dietary fiber was 6.3 g per 100 g of shochu residue.
  • the liquid content after separation compared to the shochu residue before separation is its dietary fiber, lipid, and protein. It can be seen that the concentration of is significantly lower. Conversely, it can be seen that the precipitate (solid content) after separation contains a high concentration of dietary fiber, lipid, and protein. That is, it turns out that solid content containing protein, lipid, and dietary fiber can be easily separated from the shochu residue.
  • the raw material of the biomass may be other than the shochu residue, and may be, for example, egg-collecting chicken manure, sewage sludge or other water-containing biomass.
  • water and a catalyst are mixed with the second separated product when the slurry body is generated, but these may not be mixed.
  • the first separated product has a solid content, but the first separated product may not have a solid content. Even in such a case, a centrifuge or the like is appropriately used as the separation device 31. Separation is possible by using it. Similarly, separation is possible even when the second separation is not liquid.
  • the heat source for heating the first separated matter may be waste heat of the biomass processing system 20 other than the exhaust gas of the heater 45 or waste heat of equipment such as a separately installed steam boiler.
  • this invention is applicable even when performing heat processing other than gasification.
  • this invention is applicable even when performing heat processing other than gasification.
  • a heating device other than the heat exchanger is present, blockage of piping due to tar in the device can be prevented.
  • hydrothermal treatment is performed at a temperature equal to or lower than the gasification reaction temperature, blockage of the piping can be prevented and the hydrothermal treatment can be performed efficiently.

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Abstract

La présente invention vise à traiter efficacement une biomasse dans un système de traitement de biomasse. Ce système de traitement de biomasse 20, pour le traitement thermique d'une boue produite à partir de matière première qui comprend une biomasse, est pourvu d'une unité de séparation 31 dans laquelle une substance organique qui contient des protéines, des graisses et/ou des fibres alimentaires est séparée sous la forme d'une première substance séparée à partir de la matière première. Une bouillie est produite à partir d'une seconde substance séparée, qui est la substance résiduelle laissée une fois que la première substance séparée a été séparée par l'unité de séparation 31, et la boue produite est traitée thermiquement.
PCT/JP2015/056090 2015-03-02 2015-03-02 Système de traitement de biomasse WO2016139720A1 (fr)

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WO2018055705A1 (fr) * 2016-09-21 2018-03-29 中国電力株式会社 Système de gazéification d'eau supercritique
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WO2018055705A1 (fr) * 2016-09-21 2018-03-29 中国電力株式会社 Système de gazéification d'eau supercritique
JPWO2018055705A1 (ja) * 2016-09-21 2018-09-27 中国電力株式会社 超臨界水ガス化システム
CN115300945A (zh) * 2022-08-16 2022-11-08 山东赫达集团股份有限公司 纤维素醚气固法生产用废气处理系统

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