WO2016137343A1 - Procédé de détermination de la teneur en éthanol d'un carburant pour moteurs à combustion interne - Google Patents

Procédé de détermination de la teneur en éthanol d'un carburant pour moteurs à combustion interne Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016137343A1
WO2016137343A1 PCT/PL2015/000024 PL2015000024W WO2016137343A1 WO 2016137343 A1 WO2016137343 A1 WO 2016137343A1 PL 2015000024 W PL2015000024 W PL 2015000024W WO 2016137343 A1 WO2016137343 A1 WO 2016137343A1
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Prior art keywords
fuel
inner tube
internal combustion
capacitor
stream
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PCT/PL2015/000024
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English (en)
Inventor
Tomasz ZYSKA
Original Assignee
Alsemix Sp. Z O.O.
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Application filed by Alsemix Sp. Z O.O. filed Critical Alsemix Sp. Z O.O.
Priority to PCT/PL2015/000024 priority Critical patent/WO2016137343A1/fr
Publication of WO2016137343A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016137343A1/fr

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D19/00—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
    • F02D19/06—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed
    • F02D19/0626—Measuring or estimating parameters related to the fuel supply system
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D19/00—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
    • F02D19/06—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed
    • F02D19/08—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed simultaneously using pluralities of fuels
    • F02D19/082—Premixed fuels, i.e. emulsions or blends
    • F02D19/085—Control based on the fuel type or composition
    • F02D19/087—Control based on the fuel type or composition with determination of densities, viscosities, composition, concentration or mixture ratios of fuels
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/30—Use of alternative fuels, e.g. biofuels

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for determination of ethanol content in fuel for internal combustion engines.
  • Modern motor vehicles powered by internal combustion engines should be fuelled with a variety of fuels, including renewable fuels.
  • One of such popular fuels is ethyl alcohol, also known as ethanol.
  • ethyl alcohol is either used as sole fuel (marked as E100) or mixed with gasoline at different percentage concentration of the components.
  • E100 sole fuel
  • gasoline mixed with gasoline at different percentage concentration of the components.
  • the advantage of this fuel consists in that it can be used in internal combustion spark-ignition engines without the need for installation of a new fuels system, unlike as in case of gaseous fuels (as LPG or CNG).
  • a fuel containing ethyl alcohol can be stored in and delivered by a normal (gasoline) fuel system to the engine.
  • ethyl alcohol as a fuel for internal combustion engines requires only that the materials the supply system is made of are adapted to use of a fuel containing ethyl alcohol and that the fuel injection control system is changed. Due to chemical composition the quantity of ethanol fuel has to be increased in relation to gasoline. This increase amounts up to 30% if purely ethanol fuel is used. Due to construction of the fuel system, comprising one tank, an engine can be fuelled with a mixture of gasoline and ethanol fuel at different proportions. Taking into consideration different types of fuels, as well as possibility of refueling with a fuel with different composition it means that the final fuel supplied to the engine can have any and variable composition. Therefore maintaining proper operation of an internal combustion engine requires that concentration of ethanol in the fuel in continuously determined.
  • the US patent US 8113174 B2 describes a method for determination of ethanol content in the fuel for an engine of a vehicle based on determination of flammability limit of the air-fuel mixture inside the combustion chamber of the engine. In this method the fuel mixture is weakened until it fails to ignite. The value by which the mixture was weakened is the measure of concentration of ethanol in the fuel.
  • the patent application US 20130151117 Al describes a method for determination of water content in the fuel, which is a derivative of ethanol content.
  • An oxygen sensor - a lambda sensor is used for the measurement and the fuel quantity is calculated based on the comparison of the measured value to the mapped reference water content. This method consists in measurement of water content, not ethanol content.
  • the patent application US 2010/0305829 Al discloses systems and methods for determination of ethanol content consisting in analysis of engine speed during a cycle and determination of the speed of the combustion in that manner.
  • the method analyzes change in angular speed of the crankshaft during crankshaft rotation and allows for determination of acceleration in rotation caused by combustion, and determination of the combustion rate.
  • the combustion rate which is the measure for the composition of the fuel mixture, is used to determine ethanol content in the fuel. This method is correct only during stable operation of the engine, which is rare in normal operation of vehicles.
  • the US patent application US 20130261935 Al describes a method for identification of fuel components consisting in analyzing changes in the film of the fuel in the transient state. Change in fuel composition results in changes in rate at which it evaporates, which in turn leads to changes in the combustion process in case of sudden changes in load.
  • a signal from the lambda sensor is analyzed, and the method itself requires detailed knowledge of the construction of the fuel system and calibration for the specific engine type. The method relies on correct operation of the engine, which may be disturbed after sudden change of fuel composition occurring e.g. because of refueling.
  • the US patent US 7859662 B2 describes an on-vehicle fuel property detection device.
  • the device uses a method consisting in measuring refraction of light in the fuel mixture and comprises an optical fiber immersed in the tested liquid. Light with known wavelength is transmitted through the fiber. Change in output wavelength is the measure of ethanol content in the fuel. This requires complicated and expensive systems for generation of light with specific wavelength and measuring it. The system is also not resistant to fouling by deposition of impurities from the fuel.
  • the US patent US 6588253 B2 describes a method for ascertaining ethanol quantity through measuring the capacitance of fuel vapor. For that purpose an additional heater, which causes a specific amount of the fuel to evaporate between the electrodes of the sensor, is incorporated into the system.
  • the capacitance value is the measure of ethanol concentration.
  • This solution requires a separate chamber for fuel evaporation to be used introducing risk of explosions and vapor locks in the fuel system, which may disturb correct operation of the engine.
  • the patent application US 20140020451 Al describes construction of a sensor measuring the electrostatic capacitance of the fuel. This value is directly related to concentration of ethanol in the fuel. Measurement value is corrected based on fuel temperature sensors.
  • An invention disclosed in the international patent application WO 2009/076504 Al describes construction of a fuel sensor consisting in measuring response of the sensor to the excitation signal of known frequency.
  • the sensor comprises an acetal plastic tube with the fuel inlet and an outlet. The dielectric constant is the measured value. Two sensing plates are placed on the opposite sides of the tube leaving the fuel passage unobstructed.
  • the sensor comprises a processing circuit on a printed circuit board situated near the plates and connected to the sensing plates. The circuit applies an excitation signal, senses the capacitance, and generates an output signal indicative of a property of the fuel.
  • the sensed capacitance will increase with increasing concentration of ethanol in the fuel flowing through the sensor.
  • the sensor must be fitted with shielding for reduction of external electromagnetic interference.
  • the US patent application US 20090157345 Al reveals construction of a detection device for detecting density of components contained in the mixture fuel, such as gasoline and ethanol, even if the mixture contains water.
  • the detector device includes a sensor having a pair of electrodes, an electronic device for calculating the densities and a memory device for storing permittivities of pure components, including water measured beforehand. Alternating current having two different frequencies is applied to the pair of electrodes immersed in the mixture fuel to detect the permittivities of the mixture fuel under each current frequency. The current frequencies are so chosen that the premittivities of gasoline and ethanol do not differ for the frequencies while the permittivity of water shows a substantial difference for each frequency.
  • the electronic device calculates the densities of the components based on the permittivities of the mixture fuel detected by the sensor and those of components stored in the memory device.
  • the measurement is based on analysis of influence of water density on the permittivity.
  • the method used in the described device consists in detection of water content in the mixture, while the obtained results are used to determine contents of the three components: gasoline, ethanol and water. This method will not work if there is no water in the fuel.
  • the international patent application WO 2011/082884 Al describes a device for measuring composition of a fuel mixture and in particular content of ethanol and/or water in the fuel mixture.
  • the fuel flows in time through spatially separated sensor elements generating time-dependent output signals, which are unambiguously dependent on the ethanol content of the fuel mixture.
  • the difference in the time- dependent output signals is determined and subjected to a plausibility check.
  • a received plausibility-checked output signal is determined, which comprises at least one piece of information about the direction in which the ethanol content of the fuel mixture is changing.
  • the device is very complicated from the point of view of construction and in terms of the calculations; it also requires use of circuits for analysis of high frequencies - up to 1 GHz.
  • the international patent application WO 2012/034199 A2 describes a fuel level sensor and a method for measuring fuel level through measuring the permittivity to identify a fuel mixture containing ethanol and gasoline.
  • the method for identification of this type of fuel consists in measuring the permittivity between two electrodes immersed in the liquid with additional correction for measured temperature of the ethanol and gasoline mixture. The measured value is compared to reference values (the permittivity comparison).
  • the US patent US 6693444 B2 discloses a method for detection of fuel properties based on analysis of response to a variable signal. The method consists in installation of electrodes inside the tank and exciting them with a sinusoidal signal with a variable frequency. Values of the signal phase shift and gain are the measures of concentration of ethanol in the fuel.
  • the major disadvantage of the solution consists in the fact that the sensor has to be installed inside the tank - this requires, among other things, installation of spark protection. The fact that this method is not resistant to impurities gathering at the bottom of the tank seems to be a particular problem.
  • the international patent application WO 1992/008991 Al describes a sensor measuring the capacitance and the conductance of a liquid. The measurements are performed by separate circuits. Ethanol content is calculated based on the results.
  • the measuring arrangement consists of an oscillator generating three different excitation frequencies. Initially the three voltages are measured and a processor ascertains ethanol content based on them. Tolerances of the elements affecting oscillator frequencies are important.
  • the international patent application WO 2008/076453 Al describes a construction of a sensor, where an RF signal of a constant frequency is propagated into the fuel.
  • An RF antenna immersed in the fuel emits signals of specific frequencies and strength. The signal is measured after passing through the fuel. Changes of the signal result from changes of conductance and dielectric properties of the mixture. The value of the change depends on ethanol concentration.
  • Methods for determination of ethanol content in the fuel mixture known from the state of the art are based on: - analysis of the process and/or effects of combustion in the cylinder, or
  • Known sensors for determining the ethanol content in liquid, which use the capacitance, the permittivity or the impedance measurement are not resistant to impurities that appear during normal use of the sensor, for example in the internal combustion engine of the automotive vehicle, which has a negative impact on a long-term accuracy of the measuring device by changing its characteristics.
  • the present invention relates to a method for determining the ethanol content in fuel for internal combustion engines that is based on the analysis of dielectric properties of liquid flowing between capacitor electrodes.
  • the method according to the invention consists in a continuous measurement of the series impedance (abbreviated as ES - equivalent series resistance) of the electric capacitor consisting of two electrodes separated with dielectric i.e. the flowing tested liquid.
  • the stream of the fuel tested for internal combustion engines is passed between the capacitor .electrodes, advantageously the capacitor comprising two sections of metal tubes of different diameters, covered with dielectric coating, arranged coaxially to one another and fixed on both sides with insulating spacer rings, in which one electrode is the internal surface of the outer tube section and the other electrode is the external surface of the inner tube section that is perforated, while the inner tube section has a flow blocking component forcing the stream of tested fuel to flow through some of the perforation holes of the inner tube, which are located before the blocking component, to the outer tube and causing the gap between the tubes to be filled and the stream of tested fuel to be returned to the inner tube through some of the perforation holes of the inner tube, which are located after the flow blocking component, and its outflow from the inner tube section to the outlet stub pipe.
  • the capacitor comprising two sections of metal tubes of different diameters, covered with dielectric coating, arranged coaxially to one another and fixed on both sides with insulating spacer rings, in which one electrode is the
  • the measurement consists in excitation of the measuring system that comprises the inner and outer tube, by a rectangular unit impulse and impulse response from the system.
  • the amplitude of the system response signal is changed in comparison to the excitation impulse - the output voltage is different from the input voltage - and it is also shifted in time by a turn-on delay and turn-off delay time respectively.
  • the value of voltage change from output voltage to input voltage is the measure of the system resistance, whereas the value of time delay is the measure of the system capacitance.
  • Based on the analysis of voltage change and times the series impedance of the system is determined, which is then compared to a reference value saved in the electronic system memory, and on this basis the concentration is determined.
  • ESR series impedance
  • ⁇ 0 is the vacuum permittivity and is equal to 8.8541 lO "12 F/m (an electric constant)
  • ⁇ is the relative permittivity of the dielectric (sometimes called as a dielectric constant)
  • r outer is the internal diameter of the outer tube
  • r inner is the external diameter of the inner tube
  • / is the length of the cylindrical capacitor.
  • L ES R is the lead wire inductance
  • the formula for the loss resistance ESR can be given as:
  • loss resistance R ESR is a function of the relative permittivity of the dielectric, which can be given as
  • the series impedance in this circuit is determined based on the content of hydroxyl ions in liquid originating from ethanol and present in the fuel.
  • the method according to the invention uses continuous measurement of the series impedance as the value that makes it possible to determine dielectric properties of the tested liquid by analyzing two properties at the same time i.e. the resistance and the capacitance, which makes it possible to increase the accuracy of determination of ethanol content while decreasing the sensor's sensitivity to its operating conditions such as impurities, ageing and wear of the protective coatings.
  • application of the method according to the invention makes it possible to significantly decrease the time required to determine the ethanol content through a simple analysis of the measuring cell response to the excitation by the impulse signal.
  • fig. 1 shows a construction of an exemplary device
  • fig. 2 a) and b) illustrate the principle of operation of the exemplary sensor
  • Fig. 3 shows the electric diagram of the sensor including its components
  • Fig. 4 shows the block diagram of the system taking the ES measurement in the suggested sensor configuration
  • Fig. 5 shows the graphical representation of the processing characteristic.
  • Tested fuel is fed to the sensor through the inlet pipe (1) connected to the inner tube section (2) arranged coaxially inside the outer tube (3).
  • the gap between the external surface of the inner tube (2) and internal surface of the outer tube (3) is closed from both sides.
  • the fuel flows into the inner tube (2) blocked inside with the flow blocking component (4), which causes the fuel to flow out of the inner tube (2) into the outer tube (3) through some of the perforation holes of the inner tube (2), which are located before the flow blocking component (4), and then flows back into the inner tube (2) through the perforation holes that located are after the flow blocking component.
  • Such flow of tested fuel makes the gap between the internal wall of the outer tube (3) and external wall of the inner tube (2) completely filled with the flowing fuel, which is a precondition for obtaining the correct determination result.
  • the internal wall of the outer tube (3) and external wall of the inner tube (2) are the electrodes of the capacitor, which are connected to the electronic system (7) of the measuring device. All components of the device are located inside a housing (6) made of a dielectric material, that simultaneously positions the relative orientation of the outer tube (3) and the inner tube (2), which comprise the capacitor electrodes.
  • Fig. 2 of the drawing shows the graphical representation of the unit excitation impulse (a) of the measuring system and the unit response impulse (b) of the measuring system of the device for applying the method according to the invention.
  • the measurement consists in exciting the measuring system that comprises the capacitor consisting of the inner tube (2) and the outer tube (3), with the unit impulse (a) and the analysis of the impulse response (b) from the system.
  • the amplitude of the system response signal (b) is changed in comparison to the excitation impulse (a) - voltage value V out is different from V in - and it is also shifted in time by the turn-on delay time ti and the turn-off delay time t 2 respectively.
  • Fig.3 of the drawing shows the electric diagram of the measuring device and the components of its electric system, where
  • Riea k age is the leakage resistance representing the losses related to the passage of the current through the tested liquid (this resistance is very high, of around 10 5 - 10 6 ⁇ ) dependent on the dielectric coating of the measuring electrodes;
  • R ES R is the loss resistance
  • L E s L is the lead wire inductance
  • the generator for generating the test signal constitutes the first function block.
  • the integrated circuit USla with the components C x and R x comprise the rectangular signal generator.
  • the generator frequency depends on the estimated capacitance of the sensor.
  • Coaxial tube electrodes constitute the second function block, and response signal processing system is the third function block.
  • the components C and R comprise the signal conditioning system for the integrated circuit USlb.
  • the circuit is the amplifier with set amplification and band parameters. Output of this circuit is linear and proportional to the dielectric constant of the tested liquid.
  • the method according to the invention is based on flow measurement it may be widely used for determining the ethanol content in the fuel systems of automotive vehicles.
  • Equipment which allows for application of the method according to the invention is easy to install in the fuel systems of the vehicle and the fact that it is a continuous measurement of flow makes it possible to install the sensor in the fuel supply line from the fuel tank to the engine, which measures the concentration of the ethanol in the fuel flowing into the system.
  • the adjustment of supply control may already be introduced when the engine is started.
  • the arrangement of the liquid flow system caused by the sensor used in the method according to the invention guarantees its full venting in any mounting position. It makes it possible to achieve proper sensor operation without taking additional measures during its installation.
  • the advantage of the method according to the invention consists in use of physical characteristic of the capacitor, which is strongly dependent on the concentration of hydroxyl ions.
  • the series resistance ESR is a composition of the resistance and the capacitance. Both values are dependent on the concentration and they decrease as the concentration increases.
  • the analyzed parameter is variable to a greater extent than its components, significantly increasing the accuracy of the measurement.
  • the method according to the invention is less sensitive to differences in sensor manufacturing technology, e.g. related to the thickness of individual layers of the dielectric coating of the sensor, and to impurities that may be deposited in the sensor in course of its operation.
  • the method according to the invention does not require a very accurate component to be installed in the system as a reference component. This simplifies the design of the measuring system and decreases its cost.
  • the analysis of the results does not require any complex processing systems, which significantly simplifies the construction of the electronic system of devices applying this method.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Electric Means (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de détermination de la teneur en éthanol d'un carburant pour moteurs à combustion interne. Selon l'invention, un flux du carburant pour moteurs à combustion interne, qui fait l'objet d'un test, est amené à passer entre les électrodes condensatrices, le condensateur comprenant avantageusement deux sections de tubes métalliques de diamètres différents (2, 3), recouvertes d'un revêtement diélectrique, disposées coaxialement l'une à l'autre et fixées des deux côtés, l'espace existant entre la surface extérieure du tube intérieur (2) et la surface intérieure du tube extérieur (3) étant fermé des deux côtés, dans lequel une électrode est constituée par la surface intérieure de la section de tube extérieur (3) et l'autre électrode est constituée par la surface extérieure de la section de tube intérieur (2) qui présente une perforation, tandis que la section de tube intérieur (2) comporte un composant de blocage d'écoulement (4) forçant le flux de carburant faisant l'objet d'un test à s'écouler à travers certains des trous de perforation du tube intérieur (2), qui sont situés avant le composant de blocage (4), vers le tube extérieur (3) et provoquant le remplissage de l'espace situé entre les tubes et le renvoi du flux de carburant faisant l'objet d'un test vers le tube intérieur (2) à travers certains des trous de perforation du tube intérieur (2), qui sont situés après le composant de blocage d'écoulement (4), et son écoulement en sortie de la section de tube intérieur vers la tubulure de sortie (5), mesurant l'impédance série dudit condensateur.
PCT/PL2015/000024 2015-02-23 2015-02-23 Procédé de détermination de la teneur en éthanol d'un carburant pour moteurs à combustion interne WO2016137343A1 (fr)

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Cited By (1)

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WO2024076942A1 (fr) * 2022-10-07 2024-04-11 ADVANCED FUEL DYNAMICS, Inc. Capteur de carburant

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US5089783A (en) * 1990-11-16 1992-02-18 General Motors Corporation Capacitive fuel composition sensor with padding capacitor
WO1992008991A1 (fr) 1990-11-16 1992-05-29 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Appareil de mesure pour la determination de la teneur en alcool d'un melange
EP0543215A1 (fr) * 1991-11-19 1993-05-26 Siemens Automotive S.A. Capteur pour déterminer la constante diélectrique ou la résistivité d'un liquide en écoulement
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