WO2016134670A1 - 智能开关及其应用系统 - Google Patents

智能开关及其应用系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016134670A1
WO2016134670A1 PCT/CN2016/074672 CN2016074672W WO2016134670A1 WO 2016134670 A1 WO2016134670 A1 WO 2016134670A1 CN 2016074672 W CN2016074672 W CN 2016074672W WO 2016134670 A1 WO2016134670 A1 WO 2016134670A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
current
control unit
mechanical switch
switch
unidirectional thyristor
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PCT/CN2016/074672
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
郭桥石
Original Assignee
广州市金矢电子有限公司
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Publication date
Application filed by 广州市金矢电子有限公司 filed Critical 广州市金矢电子有限公司
Publication of WO2016134670A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016134670A1/zh
Priority to US15/686,681 priority Critical patent/US10236682B2/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H47/00—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current
    • H01H47/22—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current for supplying energising current for relay coil
    • H01H47/32—Energising current supplied by semiconductor device
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts

Definitions

  • the intelligent switch and the application system thereof belong to the field of electricity, in particular to an intelligent switch with an electronic arc extinguishing function and a strong overload capability and an application system thereof.
  • intelligent switches such as composite switches are widely used to control the on-off and disconnection of power capacitors and other loads, and two unidirectional thyristors (thyristors) are used in reverse parallel connection with mechanical switches (magnetic holding relays and the like). Switch) in parallel.
  • thyristors unidirectional thyristors
  • mechanical switches magnetic holding relays and the like. Switch
  • the unidirectional thyristor has a long conduction time of several tens of milliseconds, and has poor overload capability and easy overcurrent breakdown (especially power capacitor load, which has a process of breakdown self-healing, and is equivalent to a short circuit without series reactance) ).
  • the current rated current of the composite switch can only be several tens of amps, and the reliability is poor.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a smart switch that uses only one unidirectional thyristor and has a short thyristor conduction time, strong overload capability, high cost performance, and high reliability, in view of the deficiencies of the existing intelligent switches and the like. And its application system.
  • An intelligent switch includes a mechanical switch, a unidirectional thyristor, and a control unit, wherein two ends of the main circuit of the mechanical switch are respectively connected to a cathode of the unidirectional thyristor and an anode of the unidirectional thyristor, and the control A unit is coupled to the control end of the mechanical switch, and the control unit is coupled to the unidirectional thyristor.
  • control unit pre-stores an action time parameter of the mechanical switch.
  • An intelligent switch that controls the mechanical switch to be broken when the anode of the unidirectional thyristor is at a positive potential to the cathode of the unidirectional thyristor during the breaking process.
  • An intelligent switch is a single breakpoint structure.
  • a smart switch the mechanical switch is an electromagnetic switch, and the control end of the mechanical switch is a control coil of the electromagnetic switch.
  • An intelligent switch that controls the mechanical switch to close when the anode of the unidirectional thyristor is at a positive potential to the cathode of the unidirectional thyristor during the turn-on process.
  • An intelligent switch further includes a voltage detecting circuit, an output end of the voltage detecting circuit is connected to the control unit, the voltage detecting circuit is connected in parallel with the unidirectional thyristor, and the control unit is in the voltage detecting circuit
  • the unidirectional thyristor conduction control signal is provided when the mechanical switch is detected to be closed, and the mechanical switch is closed to bounce and extinguish the arc.
  • An intelligent switch further comprising a voltage detecting circuit, wherein the voltage detecting circuit is connected to the unidirectional thyristor main circuit, and an output signal of the voltage detecting circuit is transmitted to the control unit, and during the turning on, the The control unit controls the unidirectional thyristor voltage to be turned on and off according to a signal provided by the voltage detecting circuit, and controls the mechanical switch to be closed within a quarter of a cycle after the unidirectional thyristor is turned on.
  • An intelligent switch further comprising a current sensor connected to the mechanical switch, the current sensor for detecting a current passing through the mechanical switch, the output signal of the current sensor being transmitted to the control unit .
  • a smart switch the current sensor being a miniature current transformer.
  • An intelligent switch in which a current conduction time through the unidirectional thyristor is greater than zero and less than a quarter of a cycle.
  • control unit provides the unidirectional thyristor conduction control signal when the current sensor detects that the mechanical switch is closed, for the mechanical switch to close bounce and extinguish the arc.
  • An intelligent switch for measuring an on-time of a last current waveform through the mechanical switch during a breaking process the control unit adjusting the control unit control unit according to the on-time The time parameters of the mechanical switch.
  • An intelligent switch further comprising a current limiting resistor and a voltage detecting circuit, wherein the current limiting resistor is connected in series with the unidirectional thyristor, an output signal of the voltage detecting circuit is transmitted to the control unit, and the voltage detecting circuit The input terminal is connected to the unidirectional thyristor main circuit.
  • a smart switch the current limiting resistor being a resistance wire.
  • An intelligent switch in the process of turning on, the control unit controls the unidirectional thyristor to have no inrush current conduction before the mechanical switch is closed, and during the breaking process, the mechanical switch is controlled to deviate from the peak of the current Break.
  • a smart switch wherein the current limiting resistor generates a voltage drop across the current limiting resistor of greater than 5 volts and less than 30 volts under rated current conditions.
  • An intelligent switch the conduction current of the unidirectional thyristor does not pass through the current sensor, the mechanical switch is a single break point structure, and the current through the mechanical switch is divided into at least two paths, wherein at least one current passes through Current sensor.
  • a smart switch that does not break when the current of the mechanical switch exceeds the limit current of the unidirectional thyristor or the mechanical switch.
  • An intelligent switch further comprising an input component, a display device, the display device and the control unit, wherein the input component is configured to set a protection current value, a protection action time, and an action logic,
  • the display device is used to display current information, fault information, and setup menus.
  • a smart switch the current through the mechanical switch being divided into at least two paths, wherein at least one current passes through the current sensor.
  • control unit prestores data corresponding to an output signal of the current sensor corrected by a correction device and a current passing through the mechanical switch.
  • An intelligent switch further includes a communication interface, the communication interface being coupled to the control unit, the communication interface being configured to be coupled to the calibration device.
  • An intelligent switch the unidirectional thyristor is connected in series with at least one fusible conductor, and after the fusible conductor is blown, the control unit controls the mechanical switch to be interrupted after a peak of the current to a zero interval.
  • An intelligent switch after the fusible conductor is blown, the control unit controls the mechanical switch to be interrupted after a peak of three milliseconds of the current to a zero interval.
  • control unit is connected to at least one communication interface, and the communication interface is used for exchanging information with peripheral components.
  • An intelligent switch application system includes a host computer and at least one smart switch, wherein the upper computer and the smart switch are connected through the communication interface, and the upper computer is used for protecting current of the smart switch a value, a protection action time, an action logic, an action logic between the plurality of smart switches, or the smart switch is programmed with other device-related action logic, the upper computer is configured to display current information provided by the smart switch, Fault information, setting menu.
  • An application system of an intelligent switch wherein the upper computer and the intelligent switch are connected by bus communication.
  • an intelligent switch includes a mechanical switch K1, a unidirectional thyristor SCR1, a control unit (A), a cathode of the main circuit of the mechanical switch K1 and a cathode of the unidirectional thyristor SCR1, and a single Connected to the anode of thyristor SCR1, control unit (A) and control terminal of mechanical switch K1 Connected, the control unit (A) is connected to the unidirectional thyristor SCR1.
  • the J3 terminal loses power, and the control unit (A) controls the mechanical switch K1 to be positive at the anode of the unidirectional thyristor SCR1 to the cathode of the unidirectional thyristor SCR1 (ie, the current through the mechanical switch K1 is the unidirectional thyristor SCR1 positive
  • the control unit (A) can use the internal capacitor energy storage of the control unit (A) to complete the subsequent working energy.
  • the intelligent switch and the application system of the invention have reasonable design, and the arc extinguishing function can be completed by using a one-way thyristor, which has the advantages of short thyristor conduction time, strong overload capability, high cost performance and high reliability.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a smart switch of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a circuit schematic diagram of a first embodiment of the smart switch of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic circuit diagram of a second embodiment of the smart switch of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic circuit diagram of a third embodiment of the smart switch of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of an application system of the smart switch of the present invention.
  • Embodiment 1 of the intelligent switch of the present invention is as shown in FIG. 2:
  • An intelligent switch comprising a mechanical switch K1 (a single breakpoint structure electromagnetic switch), a unidirectional thyristor SCR1, a control unit (A), a current sensor CT1 (a miniature current transformer), and a mechanical switch K1 main circuit
  • the terminals are respectively connected to the cathode of the unidirectional thyristor SCR1 and the anode of the unidirectional thyristor SCR1
  • the control unit (A) is connected to the control end of the mechanical switch K1 (the control coil of the electromagnetic switch)
  • the control unit (A) is connected to the unidirectional thyristor SCR1.
  • the J3 port is energized first, and the control unit (A) controls the mechanical switch K1 to be closed when the anode of the unidirectional thyristor SCR1 is positive to the cathode of the unidirectional thyristor SCR1, and the control unit (A) is at current
  • the sensor CT1 detects that the mechanical switch K1 is closed (that is, when the current sensor CT1 detects that a current passes through the mechanical switch K1)
  • it provides a unidirectional thyristor SCR1 conduction control signal for the mechanical switch K1 to close the bounce arc extinguishing, which greatly reduces the single The conduction time to the thyristor SCR1 during the turn-on process
  • the mechanical switch K1 does not bounce, the unidirectional thyristor SCR1 does not need to be turned on, which reduces the impact of the current on the unidirectional thyristor SCR1 when the load is turned on (the motor load can reach four to ten times
  • the current sensor CT1 detects that the current through the mechanical switch K1 exceeds the limit breaking current of the unidirectional thyristor SCR1 or the mechanical switch K1. Do not break to protect the unidirectional thyristor SCR1 and the mechanical switch K1 from damage.
  • the current sensor CT1 is used to measure the on-time of the last current waveform through the mechanical switch K1, and the control unit (A) adjusts the time parameter of the control unit (A) to control the mechanical switch K1 according to the on-time, so that the thyristor is passed through the unidirectional thyristor
  • the current conduction time of SCR1 is greater than zero and less than one quarter of the cycle, and the current conduction time of the unidirectional thyristor SCR1 is shortened as much as possible (up to about 1 millisecond).
  • FIG. 3 The second embodiment of the intelligent switch of the present invention is shown in FIG. 3:
  • An intelligent switch comprising a mechanical switch K1 (a single breakpoint structure electromagnetic switch), a unidirectional thyristor SCR1, a control unit (A), a current sensor CT1 (a miniature current transformer), and a current limiting resistor RA (1) Resistance wire), a voltage detecting circuit (B), input element S1, display device LCD, communication interface J4, current sensor CT1, voltage detecting circuit (B), input element S1, display device LCD, communication interface J4 and control unit ( A) connection, the current limiting resistor RA is connected in series with the unidirectional thyristor SCR1, one end of the voltage detecting circuit (B) is connected to the main loop of the unidirectional thyristor SCR1, and the other end of the voltage detecting circuit (B) is used for connecting with another power terminal.
  • a mechanical switch K1 a single breakpoint structure electromagnetic switch
  • A a current sensor CT1 (a miniature current transformer)
  • a current limiting resistor RA Resistance wire
  • the current limiting resistor RA is connected in series with
  • the output end of the voltage detecting circuit (B) is connected to the control unit (A), and the two ends of the main circuit of the mechanical switch K1 are respectively connected to the cathode of the unidirectional thyristor SCR1 and the anode of the unidirectional thyristor SCR1, and the control unit (A) and the mechanical switch K1
  • the control terminal (control coil of the electromagnetic switch) is connected, the control unit (A) is connected to the unidirectional thyristor SCR1, the control unit (A) prestores the operating time parameter of the mechanical switch K1, the current sensor CT1 is connected with the mechanical switch K1, and the current is transmitted.
  • the CT1 is used to detect the current passing through the mechanical switch K1.
  • J1 port and J2 port are the main loop input and output ports, and J3 port is the control power input port of the control unit (A).
  • the input element S1 is used to set a protection current value, a protection operation time, and an action logic
  • the display device LCD is used to display current information, fault information, and a setting menu.
  • the control unit (A) prestores the output signal of the current sensor CT1 corrected by the calibration device and the data corresponding to the current through the mechanical switch K1, and the communication interface J4 is used for connection with the calibration device, if the connection is Peripheral components exchange information with peripheral components.
  • the working process is described by the on and off of the power capacitor load.
  • the J3 port is first powered, and the control unit (A) controls the thyristor SCR1 voltage according to the signal provided by the voltage detecting circuit (B).
  • Zero-crossing conduction that is, the control unit (A) controls the one-way thyristor SCR1 to have no inrush current conduction before the mechanical switch K1 is closed, and the control mechanical switch K1 is closed within a quarter of the circumference after the unidirectional thyristor SCR1 is turned on (capacitive load The current is advanced by 90 degrees), which greatly reduces the conduction time of the unidirectional thyristor SCR1 during the turn-on process.
  • the current limiting resistor RA can further reduce the impact of the current on the unidirectional thyristor SCR1 when the load is turned on (due to the breakdown of the power capacitance) Self-healing phenomenon, the current generated is equivalent to the short-circuit current, the magnitude of this current is unpredictable, and the load short-circuit current through the unidirectional thyristor SCR1 can be calculated by the series current limiting resistor RA; during the breaking process, the J3 port is first lost
  • the control unit (A) provides a unidirectional thyristor SCR1 pulse conduction control signal, and the control unit (A) controls the mechanical switch K1 at the anode of the unidirectional thyristor SCR1 to the unidirectional thyristor SCR1 When the cathode is at a positive potential (that is, the current direction through the mechanical switch K1 is the same as the forward direction of the unidirectional thyristor SCR1), and is off when the peak value of the current is off,
  • the breaking arc caused by the resistor RA does not break when the current passing through the mechanical switch K1 exceeds the limit breaking current of the unidirectional thyristor SCR1 or the mechanical switch K1, so as to protect the unidirectional thyristor SCR1 and the mechanical switch K1 from being damaged
  • the current sensor CT1 is used to measure the on-time of the last current waveform through the mechanical switch K1
  • the control unit (A) adjusts the time parameter of the control unit (A) to control the mechanical switch K1 according to the on-time, so that the thyristor SCR1 is passed through the thyristor
  • the current conduction time is greater than zero and less than a quarter of the cycle, and the current conduction time of the unidirectional thyristor SCR1 is shortened as much as possible (up to about 1 millisecond).
  • control unit (A) When the mechanical switch K1 is in the closed state, the control unit (A) detects the load current through the current sensor CT1, and can process its operation and record related information. After the control unit (A) is powered on, the control unit (A) can also perform fault detection on the intelligent switch itself of the present invention and perform processing (such as performing a protection action, displaying or transmitting information through the communication interface J4) and recording related information.
  • control unit (A) needs to pre-store the output signal of the current sensor CT1 corrected by the calibration device and the data corresponding to the current through the mechanical switch K1 for current magnitude measurement, and the communication interface J4 is used for the calibration device. connection. Note: It is only necessary to measure the on-time of the on-current and the breaking current without correction.
  • the current limiting resistor RA calculates the resistance value by the rated current (the rated current of the intelligent switch of the invention), and the voltage drop generated across the resistor is greater than 5 volts and less than 30 volts. Too small current limiting effect is not good, the resistance value is too large to break the arc.
  • Embodiment 3 of the intelligent switch of the present invention is as shown in FIG. 4:
  • An intelligent switch comprising a mechanical switch K1 (a single breakpoint structure electromagnetic switch), a unidirectional thyristor SCR1, a control unit (A), a current sensor CT1 (a miniature current transformer), and a current limiting resistor RA (1) Resistance wire), a voltage detecting circuit (B), input element S1, display device LCD, communication interface J4, current sensor CT1 (a miniature current transformer), voltage detecting circuit (B), input element S1, display device LCD,
  • the communication interface J4 is connected to the control unit (A), the current limiting resistor RA is connected in series with the unidirectional thyristor SCR1, the voltage detecting circuit (B) is connected in parallel with the unidirectional thyristor SCR1, and the output end of the voltage detecting circuit (B) and the control unit (A) Connected, the mechanical circuit K1 main circuit is connected to the cathode of the unidirectional thyristor SCR1 and the anode of the unidirectional thyristor SCR1 respectively, and the control unit
  • the input element S1 is used to set a protection current value, a protection operation time, and an action logic
  • the display device LCD is used to display current information, fault information, and a setting menu.
  • the control unit (A) prestores the output signal of the current sensor CT1 corrected by the correction device and the data corresponding to the current through the mechanical switch K1, and the communication interface J4 is used for connection with the correction device, such as the peripheral component connected to the peripheral component Exchange information.
  • the J3 port is energized first during the turn-on process, and the control unit (A) controls the mechanical switch K1 when the anode of the unidirectional thyristor SCR1 is positive to the cathode of the unidirectional thyristor SCR1.
  • the control unit (A) When closed, the control unit (A) provides a unidirectional thyristor SCR1 conduction control signal when the voltage detecting circuit (B) (or current sensor CT1) detects that the mechanical switch K1 is closed, for the mechanical switch K1 to close the bounce and arc extinguishing, thus greatly reducing The conduction time of the unidirectional thyristor SCR1 during the turn-on process, when the mechanical switch K1 does not bounce, the unidirectional thyristor SCR1 does not need to be turned on, thereby reducing the impact of the current on the unidirectional thyristor SCR1 when the load is turned on ( The on-current of the motor load can reach four to ten times the rated current).
  • the load is capacitive, this describes the working process by turning on and off the power capacitor.
  • the J3 port is powered first, and the control unit (A) controls the one-way according to the signal provided by the voltage detecting circuit (B).
  • the voltage of the thyristor SCR1 is turned on by zero, that is, the control unit (A) controls the unidirectional thyristor SCR1 to have no inrush current conduction before the mechanical switch K1 is closed, and the control mechanical switch K1 is closed within a quarter of a cycle after the unidirectional thyristor SCR1 is turned on (
  • the current of the capacitive load is advanced by 90 degrees), which greatly reduces the conduction time of the unidirectional thyristor SCR1 during the turn-on process.
  • the current limiting resistor RA can further reduce the current to one-way when the load is turned on.
  • the thyristor SCR1 due to the breakdown of the power capacitor self-healing, the current generated is equivalent to the short-circuit current, the magnitude of this current is unpredictable, and the load short-circuit current through the unidirectional thyristor SCR1 can be calculated by the series current limiting resistor RA
  • the J3 port first loses power, the control unit (A) provides the unidirectional thyristor SCR1 pulse conduction control signal, and the control unit (A) controls the mechanical switch K1 at the anode of the unidirectional thyristor SCR1 to the unidirectional thyristor SCR1
  • the cathode is at a positive potential (ie, the direction of the current is the same as the forward direction of the unidirectional thyristor SCR1), and the peak value of the off current is divided, the peak breaking of the off current is used to reduce the series current limiting resistor RA of the unidirectional thyristor SCR1.
  • the mechanical switch K1 For the breaking arc, it is recommended to control the mechanical switch K1 to break after the peak value of the current to the zero point interval and after the peak value of three milliseconds. If the current through the mechanical switch K1 exceeds the limit current of the unidirectional thyristor SCR1 or the mechanical switch K1, do not do it.
  • the current sensor CT1 is used to measure the last one through mechanical opening The conduction time of the current waveform of K1, the control unit (A) adjusts the time parameter of the control unit (A) to control the mechanical switch K1 according to the conduction time, so that the current conduction time through the unidirectional thyristor SCR1 is greater than zero and less than four.
  • One cycle ie, one quarter cycle of the operating current minimizes the current conduction time of the thyristor SCR1 (up to about 1 millisecond).
  • the control unit (A) detects the load current through the current sensor CT1, and can process its operation and record related information. After the control unit (A) is powered on, the control unit (A) can also perform fault detection on the smart switch itself of the present invention and perform processing (such as performing a protection action, displaying or transmitting information through the communication interface J4) and recording related information.
  • the current limiting resistor RA is a fusible conductor or when the wire connecting the unidirectional thyristor SCR1 in series is a fusible conductor
  • the fusible conductor is blown, and is detected by the voltage detecting circuit (B) and the current sensor CT1.
  • the smart switch is switched to the synchronous arc extinguishing mode, and the display device LCD displays the state. Due to the shunt detection, the control unit (A) needs to pre-store the output signal and the pass of the current sensor CT1 corrected by the calibration device.
  • the current corresponding to the current of the mechanical switch K1 is used for current magnitude measurement, and the communication interface J4 is used for connection with the calibration device. Note: It is only necessary to measure the on-time of the on-current and the breaking current without correction.
  • the current limiting resistor RA calculates the resistance value by the rated current (the rated current of the intelligent switch of the invention), and the voltage drop generated across the resistor is greater than 5 volts and less than 30 volts. Too small current limiting effect is not good, the resistance value is too large to break the arc.
  • control unit (A) When the control unit (A) has a built-in voltage detection circuit, it directly detects the potential at both ends of the breaking state of the mechanical switch K1 and the potential at both ends of the closed state, and the current sensor CT1 can be omitted; the control unit (A) detects the closing of the mechanical switch K1. Through the current sensor detection, it can also be detected by the internal circuit of the control unit (A). In the case of three-phase electric application, as long as the mechanical switch, unidirectional thyristor and other related components are added accordingly The quantity is OK, the control unit can be shared, and the working principle is the same.
  • the J3 port of FIG. 1, FIG. 2, FIG. 3, and FIG. 4 is used for power supply and control multiplexing.
  • the J3 terminal can be used as a control port, and the control unit (A) is connected to another working power source.
  • the above embodiments are for describing the working principle of the present invention, and are described by a single-pole switch. When three-phase power is used, the relevant components can be added correspondingly, and the control unit can be shared. The working principle is the same and still belongs to the scope of patent of the present invention.
  • the overload force can increase a number of poles, one tens Ampere's unidirectional thyristors can break thousands of amps of current, and a tens of amps of unidirectional thyristors can be designed to control hundreds of amps of intelligent switches.
  • the control unit needs to detect the action time characteristic of the mechanical switch in order to optimize the control parameters, the on-current and the breaking current of the intelligent switch are large, up to several hundred amperes to tens of thousands of amperes, and the measurement linearity of the current sensor is to be ensured.
  • the current sensor can be a micro-current transformer with a range of several amperes, which can reduce the size and cost of the smart switch.
  • the capacitor has self-healing phenomenon during the non-inrush current conduction process of the unidirectional thyristor, and the generated current is extremely large.
  • the unidirectional thyristor series current limiting resistor limits the current through the unidirectional thyristor. Because the instantaneous current is large through the current limiting resistor and its resistance is small, the current limiting resistor RA adopts a resistance wire, which has the advantages of high reliability, small volume, low cost and strong overload force.
  • the control unit controls the mechanical switch when the anode of the unidirectional thyristor is positive to the cathode of the unidirectional thyristor (ie, the direction of the current is the same as the forward direction of the unidirectional thyristor), and the peak of the off current is broken, and the peak of the deviation current
  • the breaking can reduce the breaking arc caused by the series current limiting resistor of the unidirectional thyristor and improve the electrical life of the mechanical switch.
  • a schematic diagram of an application system of an intelligent switch includes a host computer M1, an intelligent switch KM1 or KM1 to KMn with a communication interface in the above embodiment, a host computer M1 and an intelligent switch KM1 or KM1 to KMn.
  • the host computer M1 Connected by communication interface bus communication, the host computer M1 is used for the protection current value of the intelligent switch KM1 or KM1 to KMn, the protection action time, the action logic, the action logic between the intelligent switches KM1 to KMn, or the intelligent switch KM1 or KM1
  • the KMn is programmed with the action logic of other devices; the host computer M1 is used to display the current information, fault information provided by the smart switch KM1 or KM1 to KMn, Set the menu.
  • This embodiment has the following advantages: the resource advantages of the smart switch itself are fully utilized, the control system does not need complicated wiring, and no components such as a thermal relay or a time relay are needed. When the invention is used in different occasions and in different applications, the invention only needs to pass
  • the upper computer can be programmed, and the load current status, fault information and operation status of each intelligent switch of the invention can be understood, which can greatly reduce the manual maintenance cost and improve the maintenance efficiency.

Abstract

本发明智能开关及其应用系统属于电学领域,特别是一种带有电子灭弧功能、过载能力强的智能开关及其应用系统，其包括一机械开关，一单向晶闸管、一控制单元，所述机械开关主回路两端分别与所述单向晶闸管的阴极、所述单向晶闸管的阳极连接，所述控制单元与所述机械开关的控制端连接，所述控制单元与所述单向晶闸管连接，本发明智能开关及其应用系统，具有电子灭弧功能、过载能力强、性价比高、可靠性高、使用方便的优点。

Description

智能开关及其应用系统 技术领域
本发明智能开关及其应用系统属于电学领域,特别是一种带有电子灭弧功能、过载能力强的智能开关及其应用系统。
背景技术
目前在电气控制系统中,广泛使用复合开关等智能开关，对电力电容及其它负载的接通分断控制，其采用二只单向晶闸管(晶闸管)反向并联再与机械开关(磁保持继电器等电磁开关)并联。机械开关分断过程中，由控制单元提供二只单向晶闸管导通控制信号，机械开关分断后，延时关断二只单向晶闸管导通控制信号，来达到无电弧分断的目的；机械开关接通过程中，由控制单元提供二只单向晶闸管导通控制信号，二只单向晶闸管过零导通，然后延时控制机械开关接通。现有的复合开关存在以下缺点：
1.单向晶闸管导通时间长，达到几十毫秒，过载能力差、容易过流击穿(特别是电力电容负载，其存在击穿自愈等过程，在没串联电抗的情况下相当于短路)。
2.采用二只单向晶闸管与一机械开关并联，性价比低。
由于以上原因，复合开关目前额定电流只能做到几十安培，同时可靠性差。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于针对现有复合开关等智能开关的不足之处而提供一种只采用一只单向晶闸管，并具有晶闸管导通时间短、过载能力强、性价比高、可靠性高的智能开关及其应用系统。
实现本发明的目的是通过以下技术方案来达到的：
一种智能开关，其包括一机械开关，一单向晶闸管、一控制单元，所述机械开关主回路两端分别与所述单向晶闸管的阴极、所述单向晶闸管的阳极连接，所述控制单元与所述机械开关的控制端连接，所述控制单元与所述单向晶闸管连接。
一种智能开关，所述控制单元预存有所述机械开关的动作时间参数。
一种智能开关，在分断过程中，所述控制单元控制所述机械开关在所述单向晶闸管的阳极对所述单向晶闸管的阴极为正电位时分断。
一种智能开关，所述机械开关为单断点结构。
一种智能开关，所述机械开关为一电磁开关，所述机械开关的控制端为所述电磁开关的控制线圈。
一种智能开关，在接通过程中，所述控制单元控制所述机械开关在所述单向晶闸管的阳极对所述单向晶闸管的阴极为正电位时闭合。
一种智能开关，还包括一电压检测电路，所述电压检测电路的输出端与所述控制单元连接，所述电压检测电路与所述单向晶闸管并联，所述控制单元在所述电压检测电路检测到所述机械开关闭合时提供所述单向晶闸管导通控制信号，用于所述机械开关闭合弹跳灭弧。
一种智能开关，还包括一电压检测电路，所述电压检测电路与所述单向晶闸管主回路连接，所述电压检测电路的输出信号传递至所述控制单元，在接通过程中，所述控制单元根据所述电压检测电路提供的信号，控制所述单向晶闸管电压过零导通，控制所述机械开关在所述单向晶闸管导通后四分之一周波内闭合。
一种智能开关，还包括一电流传感器，所述电流传感器与所述机械开关连接，所述电流传感器用于检测通过所述机械开关的电流，所述电流传感器的输出信号传递至所述控制单元。
一种智能开关，所述电流传感器为一微型电流互感器。
一种智能开关，在分断过程中，通过所述单向晶闸管的电流导通时间大于零且小于四分之一周波。
一种智能开关，所述控制单元在所述电流传感器检测到所述机械开关闭合时提供所述单向晶闸管导通控制信号，用于所述机械开关闭合弹跳灭弧。
一种智能开关，所述单向晶闸管的导通电流不通过所述电流传感器。
一种智能开关，在分断过程中，所述电流传感器用于测量最后一个通过所述机械开关的电流波形的导通时间，所述控制单元根据所述导通时间，调整所述控制单元控制所述机械开关的时间参数。
一种智能开关，还包括一限流电阻、一电压检测电路，所述限流电阻与所述单向晶闸管串联，所述电压检测电路的输出信号传递至所述控制单元，所述电压检测电路的输入端与所述单向晶闸管主回路连接。
一种智能开关，所述限流电阻为一电阻丝。
一种智能开关，在接通过程中，所述控制单元控制所述单向晶闸管在所述机械开关闭合前无涌流导通，在分断过程中，控制所述机械开关在偏离所述电流的峰值分断。
一种智能开关，所述限流电阻通过额定电流条件下，所述限流电阻两端产生的电压降大于5伏特且小于30伏特。
一种智能开关，所述单向晶闸管的导通电流不通过所述电流传感器，所述机械开关为单断点结构，通过所述机械开关的电流至少分为两路，其中至少一路电流通过所述电流传感器。
一种智能开关，所述机械开关的电流超过所述单向晶闸管或所述机械开关极限分断电流时，不做分断。
一种智能开关，还包括输入元件、显示器件，所述输入元件、所述显示器件与所述控制单元连接，所述输入元件用于设定保护电流值、保护动作时间、动作逻辑，所述显示器件用于显示电流信息、故障信息、设定菜单。
一种智能开关，通过所述机械开关的电流至少分为两路，其中至少一路电流通过所述电流传感器。
一种智能开关，所述控制单元预存有经校正设备校正的所述电流传感器的输出信号与通过所述机械开关的电流相对应的数据。
一种智能开关，还包括一通讯接口，所述通讯接口与所述控制单元连接，所述通讯接口用于与所述校正设备连接。
一种智能开关，所述单向晶闸管串联至少一可熔断导体，所述可熔断导体熔断后，所述控制单元控制所述机械开关在所述电流的峰值后至零点区间分断。
一种智能开关，所述可熔断导体熔断后，所述控制单元控制所述机械开关在所述电流的峰值三毫秒后至零点区间分断。
一种智能开关，所述控制单元连接至少一通讯接口，所述通讯接口用于与外围部件交换信息。
一种智能开关的应用系统，包括一上位机、至少一所述智能开关，所述上位机与所述智能开关通过所述通讯接口连接，所述上位机用于对所述智能开关的保护电流值、保护动作时间、动作逻辑、多个所述智能开关之间的动作逻辑或所述智能开关与其他设备相关动作逻辑进行编程，所述上位机用于显示所述智能开关提供的电流信息、故障信息、设定菜单。
一种智能开关的应用系统，所述上位机与所述智能开关通过总线通讯方式连接。
其工作原理：如图1所示，一种智能开关，其包括一机械开关K1、单向晶闸管SCR1、控制单元(A)，机械开关K1主回路两端分别与单向晶闸管SCR1的阴极、单向晶闸管SCR1的阳极连接，控制单元(A)与机械开关K1的控制端连 接，控制单元(A)与单向晶闸管SCR1连接。在分断过程中，J3端失电，控制单元(A)控制机械开关K1在单向晶闸管SCR1的阳极对单向晶闸管SCR1的阴极为正电位(即通过机械开关K1的电流为单向晶闸管SCR1正向导通方向)时分断达到无电弧分断的目的。注：J3端失电，控制单元(A)可以利用控制单元(A)内部电容储能完成后续工作能量。
本发明智能开关及其应用系统设计合理，采用一只单向晶闸管即可完成灭弧功能，具有晶闸管导通时间短、过载能力强、性价比高、可靠高的优点。
附图说明
图1是本发明智能开关的原理图。
图2是本发明智能开关实施例一电路原理图。
图3是本发明智能开关实施例二电路原理图。
图4是本发明智能开关实施例三电路原理图。
图5是本发明智能开关的应用系统实施例一原理图。
具体实施方式
本发明智能开关的实施例一，如图2所示：
一种智能开关，其包括机械开关K1(一单断点结构电磁开关)，还包括单向晶闸管SCR1、控制单元(A)、电流传感器CT1(一微型电流互感器)，机械开关K1主回路两端分别与单向晶闸管SCR1的阴极、单向晶闸管SCR1的阳极连接，控制单元(A)与机械开关K1的控制端(电磁开关的控制线圈)连接，控制单元(A)与单向晶闸管SCR1连接，控制单元(A)预存有机械开关K1的动作时间参数，电流传感器CT1与机械开关K1连接，电流传感器CT1用于检测通过机械开关K1的电流，单向晶闸管SCR1的导通电流不通过电流传感器CT1，通过机械开关K1的电流分为两路，其中一路电流通过电流传感器CT1，电流传感器CT1的输出信号传递至控制单元(A)，J1端口、J2端口为主回路输入输出端口，J3端口为控制单元(A)的电源输入端口。
工作原理：接通过程中，J3端口先得电，控制单元(A)控制机械开关K1在单向晶闸管SCR1的阳极对单向晶闸管SCR1的阴极为正电位时闭合，控制单元(A)在电流传感器CT1检测到机械开关K1闭合时(即电流传感器CT1检测到有电流通过机械开关K1时)，提供单向晶闸管SCR1导通控制信号，用于机械开关K1闭合弹跳灭弧，这样大大减少了单向晶闸管SCR1在接通过程中的导通时间， 在机械开关K1不发生弹跳的情况下，则单向晶闸管SCR1无需导通，减少了接通负载时电流对单向晶闸管SCR1的冲击(其中电机负载的接通电流可达四至十倍额定电流)；在分断过程中，J3端口先失电，控制单元(A)提供单向晶闸管SCR1脉冲导通控制信号，控制单元(A)控制机械开关K1在单向晶闸管SCR1的阳极对单向晶闸管SCR1的阴极为正电位时分断(即通过机械开关K1的电流方向与单向晶闸管SCR1正向导通方向相同)，电流传感器CT1检测到通过机械开关K1的电流超过单向晶闸管SCR1或机械开关K1极限分断电流时不做分断，以保护单向晶闸管SCR1和机械开关K1不被损坏。电流传感器CT1用于测量最后一个通过机械开关K1的电流波形的导通时间，控制单元(A)根据该导通时间，调整控制单元(A)控制机械开关K1的时间参数，使得通过单向晶闸管SCR1的电流导通时间大于零且小于四分之一周波，尽可能缩短单向晶闸管SCR1的电流导通时间(可达1毫秒左右)。
本发明智能开关的实施例二，如图3所示：
一种智能开关，其包括机械开关K1(一单断点结构电磁开关)，还包括单向晶闸管SCR1、控制单元(A)、电流传感器CT1(一微型电流互感器)、限流电阻RA(一电阻丝)、一电压检测电路(B)、输入元件S1、显示器件LCD、通讯接口J4，电流传感器CT1、电压检测电路(B)、输入元件S1、显示器件LCD、通讯接口J4与控制单元(A)连接，限流电阻RA与单向晶闸管SCR1串联，电压检测电路(B)一端与单向晶闸管SCR1主回路连接，电压检测电路(B)另一端JN端点用于与另一电源端连接，电压检测电路(B)的输出端与控制单元(A)连接，机械开关K1主回路两端分别与单向晶闸管SCR1的阴极、单向晶闸管SCR1的阳极连接，控制单元(A)与机械开关K1的控制端(电磁开关的控制线圈)连接，控制单元(A)与单向晶闸管SCR1连接，控制单元(A)预存有机械开关K1的动作时间参数，电流传感器CT1与机械开关K1连接，电流传感器CT1用于检测通过机械开关K1的电流，单向晶闸管SCR1的导通电流不通过电流传感器CT1，通过机械开关K1的电流分为两路，其中一路电流通过电流传感器CT1，电流传感器CT1输出信号传递至控制单元(A)。J1端口、J2端口为主回路输入输出端口，J3端口为控制单元(A)的控制电源输入端口。
输入元件S1用于设定保护电流值、保护动作时间、动作逻辑，显示器件LCD用于显示电流信息、故障信息、设定菜单。
控制单元(A)预存有经校正设备校正的电流传感器CT1的输出信号与通过机械开关K1的电流相对应的数据，通讯接口J4用于与校正设备连接，如连接有 外围部件则是与外围部件交换信息。
工作原理：以电力电容负载的接通分断来描述工作过程，在接通过程中，J3端口先得电，控制单元(A)根据电压检测电路(B)提供的信号，控制单向晶闸管SCR1电压过零导通，即控制单元(A)控制单向晶闸管SCR1在机械开关K1闭合前无涌流导通，控制机械开关K1在单向晶闸管SCR1导通后四分之一周波内闭合(电容负载的电流超前90度)，这样大大减少了单向晶闸管SCR1在接通过程中的导通时间，限流电阻RA可以进一步减少接通负载时电流对单向晶闸管SCR1的冲击(由于电力电容存在击穿自愈的现象，其产生的电流相当于短路电流，此电流大小不可预计，而通过串联限流电阻RA可以计算出通过单向晶闸管SCR1的负载短路电流)；在分断过程中，J3端口先失电，控制单元(A)提供单向晶闸管SCR1脉冲导通控制信号，控制单元(A)控制机械开关K1在单向晶闸管SCR1的阳极对单向晶闸管SCR1的阴极为正电位时(即通过机械开关K1的电流方向与单向晶闸管SCR1正向导通方向相同)，且偏离电流的峰值时分断，偏离电流的峰值分断用于减小单向晶闸管SCR1串联限流电阻RA带来的分断电弧，当通过机械开关K1的电流超过单向晶闸管SCR1或机械开关K1极限分断电流时，不做分断动作，以保护单向晶闸管SCR1和机械开关K1不被损坏，电流传感器CT1用于测量最后一个通过机械开关K1的电流波形的导通时间，控制单元(A)根据该导通时间，调整控制单元(A)控制机械开关K1的时间参数，使得通过单向晶闸管SCR1的电流导通时间大于零且小于四分之一周波，尽可能缩短单向晶闸管SCR1的电流导通时间(可达1毫秒左右)。在机械开关K1闭合状态时，控制单元(A)通过电流传感器CT1对负载电流的检测，可以对其运行情况进行处理并记录相关信息。在控制单元(A)上电后，控制单元(A)也可以对本发明智能开关本身进行故障检测，并进行处理(如进行保护动作、显示或通过通讯接口J4传送信息)和记录相关信息。
由于采用分流检测，控制单元(A)需预存有经校正设备校正的电流传感器CT1的输出信号与通过机械开关K1的电流相对应的数据，用于电流大小测量,通讯接口J4用于与校正设备连接。注：仅用于测量接通电流、分断电流的导通时间无需校正。
限流电阻RA阻值的选取：限流电阻RA通过额定电流(本发明智能开关的额定电流)条件下，以电阻两端产生的电压降大于5伏特小于30伏特来计算出阻值，阻值太小限流效果不好，阻值太大分断电弧大。
本发明智能开关的实施例三，如图4所示：
一种智能开关，其包括机械开关K1(一单断点结构电磁开关)，还包括单向晶闸管SCR1、控制单元(A)、电流传感器CT1(一微型电流互感器)、限流电阻RA(一电阻丝)、一电压检测电路(B)、输入元件S1、显示器件LCD、通讯接口J4，电流传感器CT1(一微型电流互感器)、电压检测电路(B)、输入元件S1、显示器件LCD、通讯接口J4与控制单元(A)连接，限流电阻RA与单向晶闸管SCR1串联，电压检测电路(B)与单向晶闸管SCR1并联，电压检测电路(B)的输出端与控制单元(A)连接，机械开关K1主回路两端分别与单向晶闸管SCR1的阴极、单向晶闸管SCR1的阳极连接，控制单元(A)与机械开关K1的控制端(电磁开关的控制线圈)连接，控制单元(A)与单向晶闸管SCR1连接，控制单元(A)预存有机械开关K1的动作时间参数，电流传感器CT1与机械开关K1连接，电流传感器CT1用于检测通过机械开关K1的电流，单向晶闸管SCR1的导通电流不通过电流传感器CT1，通过机械开关K1的电流分为两路，其中一路电流通过电流传感器CT1，电流传感器CT1的输出信号传递至控制单元(A)。J1端口、J2端口为主回路输入输出端口，J3端口为控制单元(A)的电源输入端口。
输入元件S1用于设定保护电流值、保护动作时间、动作逻辑，显示器件LCD用于显示电流信息、故障信息、设定菜单。
控制单元(A)预存有经校正设备校正的电流传感器CT1的输出信号与通过机械开关K1的电流相对应的数据，通讯接口J4用于与校正设备连接，如连接有外围部件则是与外围部件交换信息。
工作原理：如负载为感性或阻性，在接通过程中，J3端口先得电，控制单元(A)控制机械开关K1在单向晶闸管SCR1的阳极对单向晶闸管SCR1的阴极为正电位时闭合，控制单元(A)在电压检测电路(B)(或电流传感器CT1)检测到机械开关K1闭合时提供单向晶闸管SCR1导通控制信号，用于机械开关K1闭合弹跳灭弧，这样大大减少了单向晶闸管SCR1在接通过程中的导通时间，在机械开关K1不发生弹跳的情况下，则单向晶闸管SCR1无需导通，减少了接通负载时电流对单向晶闸管SCR1的冲击(其中电机负载的接通电流可达四至十倍额定电流)。如负载为容性，这以电力电容的接通分断来描述工作过程，在接通过程中，J3端口先得电，控制单元(A)根据电压检测电路(B)提供的信号，控制单向晶闸管SCR1电压过零导通，即控制单元(A)控制单向晶闸管SCR1在机械开关K1闭合前无涌流导通，控制机械开关K1在单向晶闸管SCR1导通后四分之一周波内闭合(电容负载的电流超前90度)，这样大大减少了单向晶闸管SCR1在接通过程中的导通时间，限流电阻RA可以进一步减少接通负载时电流对单向 晶闸管SCR1的冲击(由于电力电容存在击穿自愈的现象，其产生的电流相当于短路电流，此电流大小不可预计，而通过串联限流电阻RA可以计算出通过单向晶闸管SCR1的负载短路电流)；在分断过程中，J3端口先失电，控制单元(A)提供单向晶闸管SCR1脉冲导通控制信号，控制单元(A)控制机械开关K1在单向晶闸管SCR1的阳极对单向晶闸管SCR1的阴极为正电位时(即电流的方向与单向晶闸管SCR1正向导通方向相同)，且偏离电流的峰值分断，偏离电流的峰值分断用于减小单向晶闸管SCR1串联限流电阻RA带来的分断电弧，建议控制机械开关K1在电流的峰值后至零点区间且峰值三毫秒后至零点区间分断，如通过机械开关K1的电流超过单向晶闸管SCR1或机械开关K1极限分断电流时，不做分断，以保护单向晶闸管SCR1和机械开关K1不被损坏，电流传感器CT1用于测量最后一个通过机械开关K1的电流波形的导通时间，控制单元(A)根据该导通时间，调整控制单元(A)控制机械开关K1的时间参数，使得通过单向晶闸管SCR1的电流导通时间大于零且小于四分之一周波(即工作电流的四分之一周期时间)，尽可能缩短单向晶闸管SCR1的电流导通时间(可达1毫秒左右)。在机械开关K1闭合状态时，控制单元(A)通过电流传感器CT1对负载电流的检测，可以对其运行情况进行处理并记录相关信息。在控制单元(A)上电后，控制单元(A)也可以对本发明智能开关本身进行故障检测，并进行处理(如进行保护动作、进行显示或通过通讯接口J4传送信息)和记录相关信息。
限流电阻RA为可熔断导体时或单向晶闸管SCR1串联的导线为可熔断导体时，当单向晶闸管SCR1损坏或过流，可熔断导体熔断，通过电压检测电路(B)与电流传感器CT1检测到可熔断导体熔断后，本智能开关转为同步灭弧模式，显示器件LCD显示该状态，由于采用分流检测，控制单元(A)需预存有经校正设备校正的电流传感器CT1的输出信号与通过机械开关K1的电流相对应的数据，用于电流大小测量,通讯接口J4用于与校正设备连接。注：仅用于测量接通电流、分断电流的导通时间无需校正。
限流电阻RA阻值的选取：限流电阻RA通过额定电流(本发明智能开关的额定电流)条件下，以电阻两端产生的电压降大于5伏特小于30伏特来计算出阻值，阻值太小限流效果不好，阻值太大分断电弧大。
注：当控制单元(A)内置电压检测电路时，直接检测机械开关K1的分断状态两端电位和闭合状态两端电位，可以省略电流传感器CT1；控制单元(A)检测机械开关K1的闭合可以通过电流传感器检测，也可以通过控制单元(A)内部电路检测，在三相电应用时，只要相应增加机械开关、单向晶闸管等相关元器件 数量即可，控制单元可以共用，工作原理相同。
以上实施例图1、图2、图3、图4的J3端口作为供电和控制复用，在实际应用中，J3端可以作为控制端口，控制单元(A)另接一工作电源。以上实施例为方便描述本发明工作原理，以单极开关进行描述，在三相电使用时，可以相应增加相关组件即可，控制单元可以共用。工作原理相同，仍属本发明专利范围。
以上实施例具有以下优点：
1.采用一只单向晶闸管配一机械开关设计，利用控制单元控制机械开关在单向晶闸管SCR1的阳极对单向晶闸管SCR1的阴极为正电位时分断(可以通过电流传感器检测到)，单向晶闸管的电流导通时间仅需几毫秒，且对机械开关本身的机械动作时间要求低，与传统复合开关的晶闸管几十毫秒的导通时间比，其过载力可提高一个数量极，一个几十安培的单向晶闸管，即可分断几千安培的电流，同样一个几十安培的单向晶闸管可以设计出控制几百安培的智能开关。
2.由于采用了电子灭弧，无需双断点结构，机械开关采用单断点结构，有利降低成本、减少重量和电压降、减少温升。
3.由于控制单元需要对机械开关的动作时间特性进行检测，以便优化控制参数，智能开关的接通电流和分断电流较大，可达几百安培至上万安培，且要保证电流传感器的测量线性，采用分流设计，电流传感器可以为几安培量程的微型电流互感器，可以减小智能开关的体积和成本。
4.在电容负载接通分断中，在单向晶闸管无涌流导通过程中电容存在击穿自愈的现象，产生的电流极大，单向晶闸管串联限流电阻，限定通过单向晶闸管的电流，由于通过限流电阻瞬间工作电流大，且其阻值较小，限流电阻RA采用电阻线，具有可靠性高、体积小、成本低且过载力强的优点。
5.控制单元控制机械开关在单向晶闸管的阳极对单向晶闸管的阴极为正电位时(即电流的方向与单向晶闸管正向导通方向相同)，且偏离电流的峰值分断，偏离电流的峰值分断可以减小单向晶闸管串联限流电阻带来的分断电弧，提高机械开关的电寿命。
如图5所示：一种智能开关的应用系统实施例一原理图，包括上位机M1、以上实施例带通讯接口的智能开关KM1或KM1至KMn，上位机M1与智能开关KM1或KM1至KMn通过通讯接口总线通讯方式连接，上位机M1用于对智能开关KM1或KM1至KMn的保护电流值、保护动作时间、动作逻辑、智能开关KM1至KMn之间的动作逻辑、或智能开关KM1或KM1至KMn与其他设备相关动作逻辑进行编程；上位机M1用于显示智能开关KM1或KM1至KMn提供的电流信息、故障信息、 设定菜单。
本实施例具有以下优点：充分发挥智能开关本身具有的资源优势，使控制系统无需复杂连线、无需热继电器、时间继电器等元器件，本发明在不同场合和不同用途中使用时，只需通过上位机编程即可完成，同时具备对每个本发明智能开关的负载电流状况、故障信息、动作状态，进行了解，可以大大减少人工维护成本、提高维护效率。

Claims (29)

  1. 一种智能开关，包括一机械开关，其特征是：还包括一单向晶闸管、一控制单元，所述机械开关主回路两端分别与所述单向晶闸管的阴极、所述单向晶闸管的阳极连接，所述控制单元与所述机械开关的控制端连接，所述控制单元与所述单向晶闸管连接。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的智能开关，其特征是：所述控制单元预存有所述机械开关的动作时间参数。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的智能开关，其特征是：在分断过程中，所述控制单元控制所述机械开关在所述单向晶闸管的阳极对所述单向晶闸管的阴极为正电位时分断。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的智能开关，其特征是：所述机械开关为单断点结构。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的智能开关，其特征是：所述机械开关为一电磁开关，所述机械开关的控制端为所述电磁开关的控制线圈。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的智能开关，其特征是：在接通过程中，所述控制单元控制所述机械开关在所述单向晶闸管的阳极对所述单向晶闸管的阴极为正电位时闭合。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的智能开关，其特征是：还包括一电压检测电路，所述电压检测电路的输出端与所述控制单元连接，所述电压检测电路与所述单向晶闸管并联，所述控制单元在所述电压检测电路检测到所述机械开关闭合时提供所述单向晶闸管导通控制信号，用于所述机械开关闭合弹跳灭弧。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的智能开关，其特征是：还包括一电压检测电路，所述电压检测电路与所述单向晶闸管主回路连接，所述电压检测电路的输出信号传递至所述控制单元，在接通过程中，所述控制单元根据所述电压检测电路提供的信号，控制所述单向晶闸管电压过零导通，控制所述机械开关在所述单向晶闸管导通后四分之一周波内闭合。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的智能开关，其特征是：还包括一电流传感器，所述电流传感器与所述机械开关连接，所述电流传感器用于检测通过所述机械开关的电流，所述电流传感器的输出信号传递至所述控制单元。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的智能开关，其特征是：所述电流传感器为一微型电流互感器。
  11. 根据权利要求9所述的智能开关，其特征是：在分断过程中，通过所述单向晶闸管的电流导通时间大于零且小于四分之一周波。
  12. 根据权利要求9所述的智能开关，其特征是：所述控制单元在所述电流传感器检测到所述机械开关闭合时提供所述单向晶闸管导通控制信号，用于所述机械开关闭合弹跳灭弧。
  13. 根据权利要求9所述的智能开关，其特征是：所述单向晶闸管的导通电流不通过所述电流传感器。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的智能开关，其特征是：在分断过程中，所述电流传感器用于测量 最后一个通过所述机械开关的电流波形的导通时间，所述控制单元根据所述导通时间，调整所述控制单元控制所述机械开关的时间参数。
  15. 根据权利要求9所述的智能开关，其特征是：还包括一限流电阻、一电压检测电路，所述限流电阻与所述单向晶闸管串联，所述电压检测电路的输出信号传递至所述控制单元，所述电压检测电路的输入端与所述单向晶闸管主回路连接。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的智能开关，其特征是：所述限流电阻为一电阻丝。
  17. 根据权利要求15所述的智能开关，其特征是：在接通过程中，所述控制单元控制所述单向晶闸管在所述机械开关闭合前无涌流导通，在分断过程中，控制所述机械开关在偏离所述电流的峰值分断。
  18. 根据权利要求15所述的智能开关，其特征是：所述限流电阻通过额定电流条件下，所述限流电阻两端产生的电压降大于5伏特且小于30伏特。
  19. 根据权利要求9所述的智能开关，其特征是：所述单向晶闸管的导通电流不通过所述电流传感器，所述机械开关为单断点结构，通过所述机械开关的电流至少分为两路，其中至少一路电流通过所述电流传感器。
  20. 根据权利要求19所述的智能开关，其特征是：所述机械开关的电流超过所述单向晶闸管或所述机械开关极限分断电流时，不做分断。
  21. 根据权利要求9所述的智能开关，其特征是：还包括输入元件、显示器件，所述输入元件、所述显示器件与所述控制单元连接，所述输入元件用于设定保护电流值、保护动作时间、动作逻辑，所述显示器件用于显示电流信息、故障信息、设定菜单。
  22. 根据权利要求21所述的智能开关，其特征是：通过所述机械开关的电流至少分为两路，其中至少一路电流通过所述电流传感器。
  23. 根据权利要求22所述的智能开关，其特征是：所述控制单元预存有经校正设备校正的所述电流传感器的输出信号与通过所述机械开关的电流相对应的数据。
  24. 根据权利要求23所述的智能开关，其特征是：还包括一通讯接口，所述通讯接口与所述控制单元连接，所述通讯接口用于与所述校正设备连接。
  25. 根据权利要求1至24中任一权利要求所述的智能开关，其特征是：所述单向晶闸管串联至少一可熔断导体，所述可熔断导体熔断后，所述控制单元控制所述机械开关在所述电流的峰值后至零点区间分断。
  26. 根据权利要求25所述的智能开关，其特征是：所述可熔断导体熔断后，所述控制单元控制所述机械开关在所述电流的峰值三毫秒后至零点区间分断。
  27. 根据权利要求1至23中任一权利要求所述的智能开关，其特征是：所述控制单元连接至少一通讯接口，所述通讯接口用于与外围部件交换信息。
  28. 根据权利要求27所述的智能开关的应用系统，其特征是：包括一上位机、至少一所述智能开关，所述上位机与所述智能开关通过所述通讯接口连接，所述上位机用于对所述智能开关的保护电流值、保护动作时间、动作逻辑、多个所述智能开关之间的动作逻辑或所述智能开关与其他设备相关动作逻辑进行编程，所述上位机用于显示所述智能开关提供的电流信息、故障信息、设定菜单。
  29. 根据权利要求28所述的智能开关的应用系统，其特征是：所述上位机与所述智能开关通过总线通讯方式连接。
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