WO2016091178A1 - 灭弧器件 - Google Patents

灭弧器件 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016091178A1
WO2016091178A1 PCT/CN2015/096885 CN2015096885W WO2016091178A1 WO 2016091178 A1 WO2016091178 A1 WO 2016091178A1 CN 2015096885 W CN2015096885 W CN 2015096885W WO 2016091178 A1 WO2016091178 A1 WO 2016091178A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
thyristor
electrode
transistor
circuit
arc extinguishing
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PCT/CN2015/096885
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
郭桥石
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广州市金矢电子有限公司
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Publication of WO2016091178A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016091178A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts

Definitions

  • the arc extinguishing device of the invention belongs to the field of electricity, in particular to an arc extinguishing device for arc extinguishing in a mechanical switch such as a contactor or a relay.
  • the object of the present invention is to invent an arc extinguishing device which can be conveniently used for arc extinguishing of mechanical switches such as relays, contactors and buttons, and which is small in size and low in cost.
  • An arc extinguishing device comprising a first electrode, a second electrode, a third electrode, a thyristor, a current limiting component, a current transformer and an electronic switch, the first electrode and the first end of the thyristor Connecting, the third electrode is connected to the second end of the thyristor, and the second electrode is connected to the second end of the thyristor through the current transformer, and the first electrode and the second electrode are connected Connected to a mechanical switch that is required to extinguish the arc, the third electrode being a common end point of the current through the thyristor and the mechanical switch, the current transformer detecting a current through the mechanical switch, the current transformer The output end is connected to the control end of the electronic switch, and the signal output by the current transformer is used to drive the electronic switch, and the driving signal for driving the thyristor to be turned on by the first end of the thyristor or the thyristor The second end is connected to the control pole of the thy
  • An arc extinguishing device wherein the current limiting component is a first capacitor.
  • An arc extinguishing device further comprising a first resistor, wherein the first resistor and the first capacitor form a series circuit, and the driving signal is connected to a gate of the thyristor through the series circuit and the electronic switch,
  • the electronic switch is coupled to at least one voltage stabilizing device, and the voltage stabilizing device shunts the driving signal for protecting the electronic switch.
  • An arc extinguishing device wherein the electronic switch is a semiconductor switching circuit, and the semiconductor switch circuit has a withstand voltage less than a rated operating voltage across the thyristor.
  • An arc extinguishing device comprising a transistor, a rectifying circuit, a DC output end of the rectifying circuit being connected to an output end of the transistor, an input end of the transistor and an output end of the current transformer connection.
  • An arc extinguishing device comprising a first transistor and a second transistor, wherein an input end of the first transistor and an input end of the second transistor are connected in anti-parallel to form a parallel circuit, the parallel circuit and the current The output of the transformer is connected.
  • An arc extinguishing device comprising a first rectifying circuit, a second rectifying circuit, a transistor, a first alternating current input end of the first rectifying circuit being connected to the driving signal, the first rectifying circuit a second AC input terminal is connected to the control electrode of the thyristor, a DC output end of the first rectifier circuit is connected to an output end of the transistor, an AC input terminal of the second rectifier circuit and the current transformer The output terminal is connected, and the DC output terminal of the second rectifier circuit is connected to the control terminal of the transistor.
  • An arc extinguishing device the transistor being a triode or a field effect transistor.
  • An arc extinguishing device wherein a DC output of the second rectifier circuit is connected in parallel with a second capacitor.
  • the second capacitor is connected in parallel with a second resistor, and the second resistor is used to discharge the second capacitor.
  • An arc extinguishing device wherein when the current transformer has no output electrical signal, the second capacitor stores charge to drive the transistor output for less than half of an alternating current through the mechanical switch.
  • An arc extinguishing device wherein the second capacitor and the third resistor are connected in series to form a resistor-capacitor circuit, wherein the transistor input terminal is connected in series with the fourth resistor to form a series driving circuit, and the resistor-capacitor circuit is connected in parallel with the series driving circuit.
  • An arc extinguishing device wherein a driving signal for driving the thyristor to be turned on is connected to a gate electrode of the thyristor through the current limiting element by a second anode of the thyristor.
  • FIG. 1 it is a working principle diagram of the arc extinguishing device of the present invention, which includes a first electrode J1, a second electrode J2, a third electrode J3, a thyristor TR1, a current limiting component C1 (first capacitor), and a current transformer.
  • the first electrode J1 is connected to the first end of the thyristor TR1
  • the third electrode J3 is connected to the second end of the thyristor TR1
  • the second electrode J2 is passed through the current transformer CT1 and the second end of the thyristor TR1
  • the first electrode J1 and the second electrode J2 are connected to the mechanical switch SW1 that is required to extinguish the arc
  • the third electrode J3 is a common end point of the current through the thyristor TR1 and the mechanical switch SW1.
  • the first electrode J1 and the third electrode J3 are connected.
  • the formed circuit is connected in series in the load circuit, the current transformer CT1 detects the current through the mechanical switch SW1, the output end of the current transformer CT1 is connected to the control end of the electronic switch (A), and the signal output by the current transformer CT1 is used to drive the electronic
  • the driving signal for driving the thyristor TR1 to be turned on is limited by the first end of the thyristor TR1 (when the second anode is) or the second end of the thyristor TR1 (when the second anode is used)
  • the flow element C1 is connected to the control pole of the thyristor TR1 (Note: the first end of the thyristor TR1 may be the first anode or the second anode, and the second end of the thyristor TR1 may be the first anode or the second anode),
  • the electronic switch (A) is connected to the circuit of the drive signal.
  • the mechanical switch SW1 Since the mechanical switch SW1 is turned on and off and there is an electric current, an arc is generated.
  • the current transformer CT1 outputs a signal to control the electronic switch (A).
  • the driving signal for driving the thyristor TR1 to be connected is connected to the gate of the thyristor TR1 to trigger the thyristor TR1 to be turned on, and the mechanical switch SW1 is turned off and arc extinguished.
  • the mechanical switch SW1 Once the thyristor TR1 is turned on, the mechanical switch SW1 has no current, and the current transformer CT1 has no
  • the output signal when the thyristor TR1 current crosses zero, turns off automatically, and the conduction time is extremely short, up to half a cycle.
  • the circuit connection between the electronic switch (A) and the thyristor TR1 drive signal is connected in series.
  • the electronic switch (A) can be connected in parallel with the circuit of the thyristor TR1 drive signal. Bypass control of the drive signal.
  • the arc extinguishing device of the invention has reasonable design, and the current transformer is used to drive the electronic switch to control the driving signal of the thyristor, and the driving signal of the thyristor is provided by the main circuit thereof, the working time of the thyristor is short, the driving energy consumption is low, and no external work is required.
  • Power supply small size, low cost, simple circuit, can be used in mechanical switches such as relays, buttons, circuit breakers, travel switches, etc., to adapt to a wide range of advantages.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view showing the operation of the arc extinguishing device of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a circuit schematic diagram of an embodiment of the arc extinguishing device of the present invention.
  • Embodiment 3 is a circuit schematic diagram of Embodiment 2 of the arc extinguishing device of the present invention.
  • Embodiment 4 is a circuit schematic diagram of Embodiment 3 of the arc extinguishing device of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a circuit schematic diagram of an embodiment of the arc extinguishing device of the present invention, which includes a first electrode J1, a second electrode J2, a third electrode J3, a thyristor TR1, a first capacitor C1 (current limiting element),
  • the first resistor R1 the voltage stabilizing devices Z1, Z2 (the second Zener diode is reversely connected in series, or a bidirectional voltage stabilizing diode can also be used), the current transformer CT1 and the electronic switch (A), the first electrode J1 and the thyristor TR1
  • the first end is connected
  • the third electrode J3 is connected to the second end of the thyristor TR1
  • the second electrode J2 is connected to the second end of the thyristor TR1 through the current transformer CT1.
  • the first electrode J1 and the second electrode J2 are used for The arc extinguishing mechanical switch SW1 is connected, the third electrode J3 is a common end point of the current passing through the thyristor TR1 and the mechanical switch SW1, and the loop formed by the first electrode J1 and the third electrode J3 is connected in series in the load circuit, and the current transformer CT1 detects Through the current of the mechanical switch SW1, the output end of the current transformer CT1 is connected with the control end of the electronic switch (A), and the signal output by the current transformer CT1 is used to drive the electronic switch (A), the first resistor R1 and the first capacitor C1 Forming a series circuit, the driving signal for driving the thyristor TR1 to be turned on is connected by the series circuit and the electronic switch (A) by the first end of the thyristor TR1 (when it is the second anode) or the second end (if it is the second anode) To the control pole of the thyristor TR1, the electronic switch (A) is connected to the voltage stabil
  • the electronic switch (A) is a semiconductor switching circuit including a first transistor Q1, a second transistor Q2 (Q1, Q2 are transistors, or a field effect transistor), a rectifier circuit BR1, and a rectifier circuit BR1.
  • the DC output terminal is connected to the output ends of the first transistor Q1 and the second transistor Q2, and the input terminal of the first transistor Q1 and the input terminal of the second transistor Q2 are connected in reverse parallel to form a parallel circuit, and the output of the parallel circuit and the current transformer CT1
  • the electronic switch (A) ie, the two AC input terminals of the rectifier circuit BR1
  • the rectifier circuit BR1 and the first transistor Q1 and the second transistor Q2 are commonly used. Low voltage devices are all right.
  • Arc extinguishing work process During the closing process of the mechanical switch SW1, when the mechanical switch SW1 has a current, the current transformer CT1 output signal controls the electronic switch (A) to be turned on, and when the mechanical switch SW1 bounces, the mechanical switch SW1 ends The abrupt voltage is generated, and the first capacitor C1 passes a large current. Since the thyristor TR1 is connected in parallel with the mechanical switch SW1, the driving signal for driving the thyristor TR1 to be turned on is passed through the first capacitor of the main circuit (second anode) of the thyristor TR1.
  • the current transformer CT1 output signal controls the electronic switch (A) to be turned on, and the drive signal for driving the thyristor TR1 to pass through the first Capacitor C1, first resistor R1, voltage limiting device Z1, Z2 shunt voltage limiting, and then connected to the gate of thyristor TR1 via electronic switch (A) triggers its conduction, for mechanical switch SW1 to open the arc extinguishing,
  • the mechanical switch SW1 has no current
  • the current transformer CT1 has no output signal
  • FIG. 3 it is a schematic circuit diagram of a second embodiment of the arc extinguishing device of the present invention, which includes a first electrode J1, a second electrode J2, a third electrode J3, a thyristor TR1, a first capacitor C1 (current limiting element), The first resistor R1, the voltage stabilizing devices Z1, Z2 (the second Zener diode is connected in series, and a bidirectional voltage regulator can also be used.
  • the output end of the current transformer CT1 is connected to the control end of the electronic switch (A), and the current transformer CT1
  • the output signal is used to drive the electronic switch (A), the first resistor R1 and the first capacitor C1 form a series circuit, and the driving signal for driving the thyristor TR1 to be turned on by the first end of the thyristor TR1 (if it is the second anode) or the
  • the two ends are connected to the control electrode of the thyristor TR1 through the series circuit and the electronic switch (A), and the electronic switch (A) is connected to the voltage stabilizing devices Z1 and Z2 (the two Zener diodes are connected in series in reverse.
  • the electronic switch (A) is a semiconductor switching circuit including a first rectifier circuit BR1, a second rectifier circuit BR2, a transistor Q1 (which is a triode or a field effect transistor), and a first AC input of the first rectifier circuit BR1.
  • the terminal is connected to the driving signal of the input thyristor TR1, the second AC input terminal of the first rectifier circuit BR1 is connected to the control electrode of the thyristor TR1, and the DC output terminal of the first rectifier circuit BR1 is connected to the output terminal of the transistor Q1, and the second rectification is performed.
  • AC input of circuit BR2 AC input of circuit BR2
  • the DC output of the second rectifier circuit BR2 is connected to the control terminal of the transistor Q1,
  • the electronic switch (A) further includes a technical component second capacitor C2, a second resistor R2, a second capacitor C2 of the second rectifier circuit BR2 connected in parallel, and a second capacitor C2 having a energy storage phase shifting function for improving The effect of arc extinguishing, the second resistor R2 is a resistor connected in parallel with the second capacitor C2, and is used for discharging the second capacitor C2, and the capacity parameter setting of the second capacitor C2 is required when the current transformer CT1 has no output electrical signal.
  • the second capacitor C2 stores the charge drive transistor Q1 for a period of time less than the half cycle of the alternating current through the mechanical switch SW1.
  • Arc-extinguishing work process During the closing process of the mechanical switch SW1, when the mechanical switch SW1 has a current, the output signal of the current transformer CT1 is turned on by the second rectifier circuit BR2 of the electronic switch (A), and the transistor Q1 is turned on. The second capacitor C2 is charged. When the mechanical switch SW1 bounces, a sudden voltage is generated across the mechanical switch SW1, and the first capacitor C1 passes a large current. Since the thyristor TR1 is connected in parallel with the mechanical switch SW1, the thyristor TR1 is driven.
  • the driving signal of the pass is passed from the main circuit of the thyristor TR1 through the first capacitor C1, the first resistor R1, and then through the voltage stabilizing devices Z1, Z2 to divide and limit the voltage, and then pass the electron
  • the first rectifier circuit BR1 of the switch (A) is connected to the gate of the thyristor TR1 to trigger its conduction, and the mechanical switch SW1 is closed to bounce and extinguish the arc; during the disconnection of the mechanical switch SW1, when the mechanical switch SW1 has a current
  • the current transformer CT1 output signal controls the electronic switch (A) to be turned on, and the driving signal for driving the thyristor TR1 to pass through the first capacitor C1, the first resistor R1, and the voltage stabilizing device Z1 Z2 shunt voltage limiting, and then connected to the control pole of thyristor TR1 via electronic switch (A) to trigger its conduction, for mechanical switch SW1 to open the arc extinguishing, once the thyristo
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic circuit diagram of a third embodiment of the arc extinguishing device of the present invention, which includes a first electrode J1, a second electrode J2, a third electrode J3, a thyristor TR1, a first capacitor C1 (current limiting element), The first resistor R1, the voltage stabilizing devices Z1, Z2 (the second Zener diode is reversely connected in series, or a bidirectional voltage stabilizing diode can also be used), the current transformer CT1 and the electronic switch (A), the first electrode J1 and the thyristor TR1 The first end is connected, the third electrode J3 is connected to the second end of the thyristor TR1, and the second electrode J2 is connected to the second end of the thyristor TR1 through the current transformer CT1.
  • the first electrode J1 and the second electrode J2 are used for The arc extinguishing mechanical switch SW1 is connected, the third electrode J3 is a common end point of the current passing through the thyristor TR1 and the mechanical switch SW1, and the loop formed by the first electrode J1 and the third electrode J3 is connected in series in the load circuit, and the current transformer CT1 is detected through the mechanical The current of the switch SW1, the output end of the current transformer CT1 is connected with the control end of the electronic switch (A), the signal output by the current transformer CT1 is used to drive the electronic switch (A), and the first resistor R1 is connected in series with the first capacitor C1.
  • the driving signal is connected to the control electrode of the thyristor TR1 through the series circuit and the electronic switch (A) when the first end of the thyristor TR1 (when it is the second anode) or the second end (if it is the second anode), the electronic switch (A) Connect the voltage stabilizing devices Z1 and Z2 (inverted series with two Zener diodes, or a bidirectional Zener diode) to shunt the driving signal through the first resistor R1 and the first capacitor C1 for protecting the electronic switch (A), reduce the withstand voltage requirement of the electronic switch (A).
  • the voltage stabilizing devices Z1 and Z2 inverted series with two Zener diodes, or a bidirectional Zener diode
  • the electronic switch (A) is a semiconductor switching circuit including a first rectifier circuit BR1, a second rectifier circuit BR2, a transistor Q1 (which is a triode or a field effect transistor), a second capacitor C2, and a second resistor R2. a third resistor R3 and a fourth resistor R4.
  • the first AC input terminal of the first rectifier circuit BR1 is connected to the driving signal of the input thyristor TR1, and the second AC input terminal of the first rectifier circuit BR1 is connected to the control electrode of the thyristor TR1.
  • the DC output terminal of the first rectifier circuit BR1 is connected to the output terminal of the transistor Q1, and the AC input terminal of the second rectifier circuit BR2 is connected to the output terminal of the current transformer CT1.
  • the DC output terminal of the second rectifier circuit BR2 is connected to the control terminal of the transistor Q1 through the fourth resistor R4, the second capacitor C2 and the third resistor R3 are connected in series to form a resistor-capacitor circuit, and the input terminal of the transistor Q1 is connected in series with the fourth resistor.
  • R4 constitutes a series drive circuit, the resistance-capacitor circuit is connected in parallel with the series drive circuit, the second capacitor C2 of the second rectifier circuit BR2 is connected in parallel with the second capacitor C2, and the second capacitor C2 has a energy storage phase shifting effect for improving the arc extinguishing effect.
  • the second resistor R2 is a resistor connected in parallel with the second capacitor C2 (via the third resistor R3) for discharging the second capacitor C2, and the fourth resistor R4 is for delaying the discharge speed of the second capacitor C2 through the transistor Q1.
  • the three resistor R3 is used to reduce the charging current of the second capacitor C2 when the mechanical switch is closed.
  • the current transformer CT1 maintains the driving force for the transistor Q1 while charging the second capacitor C2 for the mechanical switch SW1.
  • the bounce and arc extinguishing; the capacity parameter setting of the second capacitor C2 requires that when the current transformer CT1 has no output electrical signal, the second capacitor C2 stores the charge driving transistor Q1 for output for less than half of the alternating current through the mechanical switch SW1.
  • Arc-extinguishing process During the closing of the mechanical switch SW1, when the mechanical switch SW1 has a current, the output signal of the current transformer CT1 is rectified by the second rectifier circuit BR2 of the electronic switch (A), and the fourth resistor R4 drives the transistor Q1. At the same time, the second capacitor C2 is charged through the third resistor R3. When the mechanical switch SW1 bounces, a sudden voltage is generated across the mechanical switch SW1, and the first capacitor C1 passes a large current due to the thyristor TR1 and the mechanical switch SW1.
  • the first rectifier circuit BR1 the transistor Q1 is connected to the gate of the thyristor TR1 to trigger its conduction, and the mechanical switch SW1 is closed for bounce and arc extinguishing.
  • the current transformer CT1 output signal controls the electronic switch (A) to conduct, and the driving signal for driving the thyristor TR1 to conduct is passed through the first capacitor C1, the first resistor R1, and the voltage regulator
  • the Z1 and Z2 shunt voltage limiting, and then connected to the control pole of the thyristor TR1 via the electronic switch (A) triggers its conduction, and is used for the mechanical switch SW1 to open the arc extinguishing.
  • the mechanical switch SW1 has no current
  • the current transformer CT1 has no output signal
  • the transistor Q1 of the electronic switch (A) is turned off, and the thyristor TR1 turns off automatically when the current crosses zero, and the conduction time is extremely short, up to half a cycle.
  • the voltage resistance value of the electronic switch (A) of the embodiment of FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 above may be smaller than the rated working voltage of the two ends of the thyristor TR1, and the first rectifier circuit BR1 and the transistor Q1 may be selected from commonly used low voltage devices (such as 8050 triode). .
  • the electronic switch (A) is connected to the circuit of the driving signal of the thyristor TR1 (connected in series for disconnecting the driving signal), and the driving signal of the thyristor TR1 is connected to the control electrode of the thyristor TR1 through the electronic switch (A).
  • the working principle is the same; the thyristor uses a bidirectional thyristor, in practice One-way thyristors or other thyristors can also be used in applications. The principle is the same.
  • the thyristor TR1 needs to have a very short conduction time during the arc extinguishing process, which can reach half a cycle, and in the process of closing the mechanical switch SW1, the thyristor can be turned on in advance, and the effect of closing and arc extinguishing can be achieved.
  • the thyristor has the advantages of strong overload capability, high reliability and low cost.
  • the driving signal of the thyristor TR1 is provided by its main circuit, and the current transformer CT1 drives the electronic switch (A). Due to the current amplification effect of the transistor of the electronic switch (A), the output driving current required by the current transformer CT1 can be small. It can be several tens of microamps, and the current transformer has the advantages of small size and low cost. Even if the load current is one amp, it can sense enough driving signal current to achieve satisfactory arc extinguishing effect, which can be applied to relays and buttons. The mechanical switch with small load such as the stroke switch is arc extinguished.
  • the electronic switch (A) is non-electrically isolated from the input and output circuits, and has low withstand voltage requirements. It can be used with ordinary low-voltage components, and has the advantages of extremely fast response speed and low cost.
  • the arc extinguishing device of the invention adopts the working mode of the current transformer to drive the electronic switch (A), and has the advantages of wide adaptability.
  • the arc extinguishing device of the invention can be used for contactors, relays, buttons, circuit breakers, etc. including the driving coil. Arc extinguishing in the switch with and without the drive coil.
  • the first capacitor C1 and the first resistor R1 are connected in series to form a resistor-capacitor circuit, and can also absorb the overvoltage and reduce the dv/dt value, and protect the thyristor TR1 from being over-voltage breakdown and preventing the thyristor TR1 from being mis-conducted.
  • the arc extinguishing device of the present invention can be packaged into a module with a small volume and few pins.
  • the first electrode, the second electrode and the third electrode can be solder pins (convenient for soldering on the PCB) or soft wire output mode, suitable for Batch standard production, extremely suitable for relays, buttons and other switches.

Abstract

一种灭弧器件，其包括第一电极（J1）、第二电极（J2）、第三电极（J3）、一晶闸管（TR1）、一限流元件（C1）、一电流互感器（CT1）及一电子开关（A），第一电极（J1）与晶闸管（TR1）的第一端连接，第三电极（J3）与晶闸管（TR1）的第二端连接，第二电极通过电流互感器（CT1）与晶闸管（TR1）的第二端连接，第一电极（J1）、第二电极（J2）用于与所需灭弧的机械开关（SW1）连接，第三电极（J3）为通过晶闸管（TR1）与机械开关（SW1）电流的共同端点，电流互感器（CT1）检测通过机械开关（SW1）的电流，电流互感器（CT1）的输出端与电子开关（A）的控制端连接，晶闸管（TR1）导通的驱动信号由晶闸管（TR1）的第一端或晶闸管（TR1）的第二端通过限流元件（C1，R1）连接至晶闸管（TR1）的控制极，电子开关（A）与驱动信号的回路连接，上述方案具有适应范围广的优点。

Description

灭弧器件 技术领域
本发明的灭弧器件属于电学领域,特别是一种用于接触器、继电器等机械开关中灭弧的灭弧器件。
背景技术
目前在电气控制系统中,广泛使用继电器、接触器等机械开关对负载进行接通分断控制，因没有很有效的灭弧器件，其存在分断负载时电弧大，导致触点容易烧损的缺点。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于发明一种可方便用于继电器、接触器、按钮等机械开关灭弧、且体积小、成本低的灭弧器件。
实现本发明的目的是通过以下技术方案来达到的：
一种灭弧器件，其包括第一电极、第二电极、第三电极、一晶闸管、一限流元件、一电流互感器及一电子开关，所述第一电极与所述晶闸管的第一端连接，所述第三电极与所述晶闸管的第二端连接，所述第二电极通过所述电流互感器与所述晶闸管的第二端连接，所述第一电极、所述第二电极用于与所需灭弧的机械开关连接，所述第三电极为通过所述晶闸管与所述机械开关电流的共同端点，所述电流互感器检测通过所述机械开关的电流，所述电流互感器的输出端与所述电子开关的控制端连接，所述电流互感器输出的信号用于驱动所述电子开关，驱动所述晶闸管导通的驱动信号由所述晶闸管的第一端或所述晶闸管的第二端通过所述限流元件连接至所述晶闸管的控制极，所述电子开关与所述驱动信号的回路连接。
一种灭弧器件，所述限流元件为第一电容。
一种灭弧器件，还包括第一电阻，所述第一电阻与所述第一电容组成串联电路，所述驱动信号通过所述串联电路、所述电子开关连接到所述晶闸管的控制极，所述电子开关连接至少一稳压器件，所述稳压器件对所述驱动信号分流，用于保护所述电子开关。
一种灭弧器件，所述电子开关为一半导体开关电路，所述半导体开关电路的耐压值小于所述晶闸管两端的额定工作电压。
一种灭弧器件，所述半导体开关电路包括晶体管、一整流电路，所述整流电路的直流输出端与所述晶体管的输出端连接，所述晶体管的输入端与所述电流互感器的输出端连接。
一种灭弧器件，所述晶体管包括第一晶体管、第二晶体管，所述第一晶体管的输入端与所述第二晶体管的输入端反向并联组成并联电路，所述并联电路与所述电流互感器的输出端连接。
一种灭弧器件，所述半导体开关电路包括第一整流电路、第二整流电路、一晶体管，所述第一整流电路的第一交流输入端与所述驱动信号连接，所述第一整流电路的第二交流输入端与所述晶闸管的控制极连接，所述第一整流电路的直流输出端与所述晶体管的输出端连接，所述第二整流电路的交流输入端与所述电流互感器的输出端连接，所述第二整流电路的直流输出端与所述晶体管的控制端连接。
一种灭弧器件，所述晶体管为三极管或场效应管。
一种灭弧器件，所述第二整流电路的直流输出端并联第二电容。
一种灭弧器件，所述第二电容并联第二电阻，所述第二电阻用于对所述第二电容放电。
一种灭弧器件，在所述电流互感器无输出电信号时，所述第二电容存储电荷驱动所述晶体管输出的时间小于通过所述机械开关的交流电半个周波。
一种灭弧器件，所述第二电容与第三电阻串联组成阻容电路，所述晶体管输入端串联第四电阻组成串联驱动电路，所述阻容电路与所述串联驱动电路并联。
一种灭弧器件，驱动所述晶闸管导通的驱动信号由所述晶闸管的第二阳极通过所述限流元件连接至所述晶闸管的控制极。
如图1所示，为本发明灭弧器件的工作原理图，其包括第一电极J1、第二电极J2、第三电极J3、晶闸管TR1、限流元件C1(第一电容)、电流互感器CT1及电子开关(A)，第一电极J1与晶闸管TR1的第一端连接，第三电极J3与晶闸管TR1的第二端连接，第二电极J2通过电流互感器CT1与晶闸管TR1的第二端连接，第一电极J1、第二电极J2用于与所需灭弧的机械开关SW1连接，第三电极J3为通过晶闸管TR1与机械开关SW1电流的共同端点，第一电极J1与第三电极J3形成的回路串联在负载回路中，电流互感器CT1检测通过机械开关SW1的电流，电流互感器CT1的输出端与电子开关(A)的控制端连接，电流互感器CT1输出的信号用于驱动电子开关(A)，驱动晶闸管TR1导通的驱动信号由晶闸管TR1的第一端(为第二阳极时)或晶闸管TR1的第二端(为第二阳极时)通过限 流元件C1连接至晶闸管TR1的控制极(注：晶闸管TR1的第一端可以为第一阳极也可以为第二阳极，晶闸管TR1的第二端可以为第一阳极也可以为第二阳极)，电子开关(A)与驱动信号的回路连接。由于机械开关SW1在接通和分断时且存在电流通过才会有电弧产生，在机械开关SW1断开过程中，当机械开关SW1有电流通过时，电流互感器CT1输出信号控制电子开关(A)，驱动晶闸管TR1导通的驱动信号连接到晶闸管TR1的控制极触发晶闸管TR1导通，用于机械开关SW1断开灭弧，一旦晶闸管TR1导通，机械开关SW1无电流通过，电流互感器CT1无输出信号，晶闸管TR1电流过零时自行关断，导通时间极短，可达半个周波。注：这里电子开关(A)与晶闸管TR1驱动信号的回路连接为串联连接，当电子开关(A)为常闭输出时，电子开关(A)可以与晶闸管TR1驱动信号的回路连接为并联连接，对驱动信号旁路控制。
本发明灭弧器件设计合理，其利用电流互感器驱动电子开关来控制晶闸管的驱动信号，且晶闸管的驱动信号由其主回路提供，具有晶闸管工作导通时间短、驱动能耗低、无需外接工作电源、体积小、成本低、电路简单，可在继电器、按钮、断路器、行程开关等机械开关中使用，适应范围广的优点。
附图说明
图1是本发明灭弧器件的工作原理图。
图2是本发明灭弧器件的实施例一电路原理图。
图3是本发明灭弧器件的实施例二电路原理图。
图4是本发明灭弧器件的实施例三电路原理图。
具体实施方式
如图2所示，为本发明灭弧器件的实施例一电路原理图，其包括第一电极J1、第二电极J2、第三电极J3、晶闸管TR1、第一电容C1(限流元件)、第一电阻R1、稳压器件Z1、Z2(为二稳压二极管反向串联，也可以采用一双向稳压二极管)、电流互感器CT1及电子开关(A)，第一电极J1与晶闸管TR1的第一端连接，第三电极J3与晶闸管TR1的第二端连接，第二电极J2通过电流互感器CT1与晶闸管TR1的第二端连接，第一电极J1、第二电极J2用于与所需灭弧的机械开关SW1连接，第三电极J3为通过晶闸管TR1与机械开关SW1电流的共同端点，第一电极J1与第三电极J3形成的回路串联在负载回路中，电流互感器CT1检测 通过机械开关SW1的电流，电流互感器CT1的输出端与电子开关(A)的控制端连接，电流互感器CT1输出的信号用于驱动电子开关(A)，第一电阻R1与第一电容C1组成串联电路，驱动晶闸管TR1导通的驱动信号由晶闸管TR1的第一端(如其为第二阳极时)或第二端(如其为第二阳极时)通过该串联电路、电子开关(A)连接到晶闸管TR1的控制极，电子开关(A)连接稳压器件Z1、Z2(为二稳压二极管反向串联，也可以采用一双向稳压二极管)对通过第一电阻R1与第一电容C1的驱动信号分流，用于保护电子开关(A)，降低电子开关(A)的耐压要求。
电子开关(A)：电子开关(A)为半导体开关电路，其包括第一晶体管Q1、第二晶体管Q2(Q1、Q2为三极管，也可以为场效应管)、整流电路BR1，整流电路BR1的直流输出端与第一晶体管Q1和第二晶体管Q2的输出端连接，第一晶体管Q1的输入端与第二晶体管Q2的输入端反向并联组成并联电路，该并联电路与电流互感器CT1的输出端连接，电子开关(A)(即整流电路BR1的两个交流输入端)的耐压值可以小于晶闸管TR1两端的额定工作电压，整流电路BR1和第一晶体管Q1、第二晶体管Q2选用常用的低电压器件即可。
灭弧工作过程：在机械开关SW1闭合过程中，当机械开关SW1有电流通过时，电流互感器CT1输出信号控制电子开关(A)导通，当机械开关SW1出现弹跳时，机械开关SW1两端产生突变电压，第一电容C1会通过较大的电流，由于晶闸管TR1与机械开关SW1两端并联，即驱动晶闸管TR1导通的驱动信号由晶闸管TR1的主回路(第二阳极)通过第一电容C1、第一电阻R1、再经稳压器件Z1、Z2分流限压、然后通过电子开关(A)连接到晶闸管TR1的控制极触发其导通，用于机械开关SW1闭合弹跳灭弧；在机械开关SW1断开过程中，当机械开关SW1有电流通过时(存在电弧，就有电流)，电流互感器CT1输出信号控制电子开关(A)导通，驱动晶闸管TR1导通的驱动信号通过第一电容C1、第一电阻R1、经稳压器件Z1、Z2分流限压、再经电子开关(A)连接到晶闸管TR1的控制极触发其导通，用于机械开关SW1断开灭弧，一旦晶闸管TR1导通，机械开关SW1无电流通过，电流互感器CT1无输出信号，电子开关(A)的第一晶体管Q1、第二晶体管Q2截止，晶闸管TR1在电流过零时自行关断，导通时间极短，可达半个周波。
如图3所示，为本发明灭弧器件的实施例二电路原理图，其包括第一电极J1、第二电极J2、第三电极J3、晶闸管TR1、第一电容C1(限流元件)、第一电阻R1、稳压器件Z1、Z2(为二稳压二极管反向串联，也可以采用一双向稳压二 极管)、电流互感器CT1及电子开关(A)，第一电极J1与晶闸管TR1的第一端连接，第三电极J3与晶闸管TR1的第二端连接，第二电极J2通过电流互感器CT1与晶闸管TR1的第二端连接，第一电极J1、第二电极J2用于与所需灭弧的机械开关SW1连接，第三电极J3为通过晶闸管TR1与机械开关SW1电流的共同端点，第一电极J1与第三电极J3形成的回路串联在负载回路中，电流互感器CT1检测通过机械开关SW1的电流，电流互感器CT1的输出端与电子开关(A)的控制端连接，电流互感器CT1输出的信号用于驱动电子开关(A)，第一电阻R1与第一电容C1组成串联电路，驱动晶闸管TR1导通的驱动信号由晶闸管TR1的第一端(如其为第二阳极时)或第二端(如其为第二阳极时)通过该串联电路、电子开关(A)连接到晶闸管TR1的控制极，电子开关(A)连接稳压器件Z1、Z2(为二稳压二极管反向串联，也可以采用一双向稳压二极管)对通过第一电阻R1与第一电容C1的驱动信号分流，用于保护电子开关(A)，降低电子开关(A)的耐压要求。
电子开关(A)：为一半导体开关电路，其包括第一整流电路BR1、第二整流电路BR2、晶体管Q1(为三极管，也可以为场效应管)，第一整流电路BR1的第一交流输入端与输入的晶闸管TR1的驱动信号连接，第一整流电路BR1的第二交流输入端与晶闸管TR1的控制极连接，第一整流电路BR1的直流输出端与晶体管Q1的输出端连接，第二整流电路BR2的交流输入端
与电流互感器CT1的输出端连接，第二整流电路BR2的直流输出端与晶体管Q1的控制端连接,
电子开关(A)还包括技术性元器件第二电容C2、第二电阻R2，第二整流电路BR2的直流输出端并联的第二电容C2，第二电容C2具有储能移相作用，用于提高灭弧的效果，第二电阻R2为与第二电容C2并联的电阻，用于对第二电容C2放电，第二电容C2的容量参数设定要求在电流互感器CT1无输出电信号时，第二电容C2存储电荷驱动晶体管Q1输出的时间小于通过机械开关SW1的交流电半个周波。
灭弧工作过程：在机械开关SW1闭合过程中，当机械开关SW1有电流通过时，电流互感器CT1输出信号经电子开关(A)的第二整流电路BR2整流驱动晶体管Q1导通，同时通过对第二电容C2充电，当机械开关SW1出现弹跳时，机械开关SW1两端产生突变电压，第一电容C1会通过较大的电流，由于晶闸管TR1与机械开关SW1两端并联，即驱动晶闸管TR1导通的驱动信号由晶闸管TR1的主回路通过第一电容C1、第一电阻R1、再经稳压器件Z1、Z2分流限压、然后通过电子 开关(A)的第一整流电路BR1、晶体管Q1连接到晶闸管TR1的控制极触发其导通，用于机械开关SW1闭合弹跳灭弧；在机械开关SW1断开过程中，当机械开关SW1有电流通过时(存在电弧，就有电流)，电流互感器CT1输出信号控制电子开关(A)导通，驱动晶闸管TR1导通的驱动信号通过第一电容C1、第一电阻R1、经稳压器件Z1、Z2分流限压、再经电子开关(A)连接到晶闸管TR1的控制极触发其导通，用于机械开关SW1断开灭弧，一旦晶闸管TR1导通，机械开关SW1无电流通过，电流互感器CT1无输出信号，电子开关(A)的晶体管Q1截止，晶闸管TR1在电流过零时自行关断，导通时间极短，可达半个周波。
如图4所示，为本发明灭弧器件的实施例三电路原理图，其包括第一电极J1、第二电极J2、第三电极J3、晶闸管TR1、第一电容C1(限流元件)、第一电阻R1、稳压器件Z1、Z2(为二稳压二极管反向串联，也可以采用一双向稳压二极管)、电流互感器CT1及电子开关(A)，第一电极J1与晶闸管TR1的第一端连接，第三电极J3与晶闸管TR1的第二端连接，第二电极J2通过电流互感器CT1与晶闸管TR1的第二端连接，第一电极J1、第二电极J2用于与所需灭弧的机械开关SW1连接，第三电极J3为通过晶闸管TR1与机械开关SW1电流的共同端点，第一电极J1与第三电极J3形成的回路串联在负载回路中，电流互感器CT1检测通过机械开关SW1的电流，电流互感器CT1的输出端与电子开关(A)的控制端连接，电流互感器CT1输出的信号用于驱动电子开关(A)，第一电阻R1与第一电容C1组成串联电路，驱动晶闸管TR1导通的驱动信号由晶闸管TR1的第一端(如其为第二阳极时)或第二端(如其为第二阳极时)通过该串联电路、电子开关(A)连接到晶闸管TR1的控制极，电子开关(A)连接稳压器件Z1、Z2(为二稳压二极管反向串联，也可以采用一双向稳压二极管)对通过第一电阻R1与第一电容C1的驱动信号分流，用于保护电子开关(A)，降低电子开关(A)的耐压要求。
电子开关(A)：为一半导体开关电路，其包括第一整流电路BR1、第二整流电路BR2、晶体管Q1(为三极管，也可以为场效应管)、第二电容C2、第二电阻R2、第三电阻R3、第四电阻R4，第一整流电路BR1的第一交流输入端与输入的晶闸管TR1的驱动信号连接，第一整流电路BR1的第二交流输入端与晶闸管TR1的控制极连接，第一整流电路BR1的直流输出端与晶体管Q1的输出端连接，第二整流电路BR2的交流输入端与电流互感器CT1的输出端连接，
第二整流电路BR2的直流输出端通过第四电阻R4与晶体管Q1的控制端连接,第二电容C2与第三电阻R3串联组成阻容电路，晶体管Q1输入端串联第四电阻 R4组成串联驱动电路，阻容电路与串联驱动电路并联，第二整流电路BR2的直流输出端并联的第二电容C2，第二电容C2具有储能移相作用，用于提高灭弧的效果，第二电阻R2为(通过第三电阻R3)与第二电容C2并联的电阻，用于对第二电容C2放电，第四电阻R4用于延时第二电容C2通过晶体管Q1的放电速度，第三电阻R3用于在机械开关闭合时降低第二电容C2充电电流，机械开关SW1闭合时，电流互感器CT1在对第二电容C2充电的同时保持对晶体管Q1的驱动力，用于机械开关SW1的弹跳灭弧；第二电容C2的容量参数设定要求在电流互感器CT1无输出电信号时，第二电容C2存储电荷驱动晶体管Q1输出的时间小于通过机械开关SW1的交流电半个周波。
灭弧工作过程：在机械开关SW1闭合过程中，当机械开关SW1有电流通过时，电流互感器CT1输出信号经电子开关(A)的第二整流电路BR2整流、第四电阻R4驱动晶体管Q1导通，同时通过第三电阻R3对第二电容C2充电，当机械开关SW1出现弹跳时，机械开关SW1两端产生突变电压，第一电容C1会通过较大的电流，由于晶闸管TR1与机械开关SW1两端并联，即驱动晶闸管TR1导通的驱动信号由晶闸管TR1的主回路通过第一电容C1、第一电阻R1、再经稳压器件Z1、Z2分流限压、然后通过电子开关(A)的第一整流电路BR1、晶体管Q1连接到晶闸管TR1的控制极触发其导通，用于机械开关SW1闭合弹跳灭弧，在机械开关SW1断开过程中，当机械开关SW1有电流通过时(存在电弧，就有电流)，电流互感器CT1输出信号控制电子开关(A)导通，驱动晶闸管TR1导通的驱动信号通过第一电容C1、第一电阻R1、经稳压器件Z1、Z2分流限压、再经电子开关(A)连接到晶闸管TR1的控制极触发其导通，用于机械开关SW1断开灭弧，一旦晶闸管TR1导通，机械开关SW1无电流通过，电流互感器CT1无输出信号，电子开关(A)的晶体管Q1截止，晶闸管TR1在电流过零时自行关断，导通时间极短，可达半个周波。
以上图3、图4实施例的电子开关(A)的耐压值可以小于晶闸管TR1两端的额定工作电压，第一整流电路BR1和晶体管Q1选用常用的低电压器件(如8050等三极管)即可。
以上实施例中，电子开关(A)与晶闸管TR1的驱动信号的回路连接(为串联连接，用于断开驱动信号)，晶闸管TR1的驱动信号通过电子开关(A)连接到晶闸管TR1的控制极，在实际使用中，也可以采用常闭的电子开关(A)与晶闸管TR1的驱动信号的回路连接(并联连接，用于旁路驱动信号)，工作原理相同；晶闸管采用了双向晶闸管，在实际应用中也可以用单向晶闸管或其它晶闸管，工 作原理相同。
以上实施例，具有以下优点：
1、晶闸管TR1在灭弧过程中所需导通时间极短，可以达半个周波，且在机械开关SW1闭合工作过程中，无需晶闸管提前导通，就能起到闭合灭弧的效果，具有晶闸管过载能力强、可靠性高及成本低的优点。
2、晶闸管TR1的驱动信号由其主回路提供，电流互感器CT1驱动电子开关(A)，由于电子开关(A)的晶体管的电流放大作用，电流互感器CT1所需输出驱动电流可以很小，可以为几十微安，电流互感器具有体积小、成本低的优点，即使是一安培的负载电流，也能够感应到足够的驱动信号电流，达到满意的灭弧效果，可应用在继电器、按钮、行程开关等负载不大的机械开关灭弧。
3、电子开关(A)输入和输出回路非电气隔离，且耐压要求低，可以采用普通低耐压元器件，具有极快速的响应速度、成本低的优点。
4、本发明灭弧器件采用电流互感器驱动电子开关(A)的工作方式，具有适应面广的优点，本发明灭弧器件可以用于接触器、继电器、按钮、断路器等包括有驱动线圈和无驱动线圈的开关中灭弧。
5、第一电容C1与第一电阻R1串联组成阻容电路，还可以起到吸收过电压和降低dv/dt值的作用，保护晶闸管TR1不被过电压击穿和防止晶闸管TR1误导通。
6、本发明灭弧器件可封装为一个体积很小的模块，引脚少，第一电极、第二电极、第三电极可以采用焊针(方便PCB板上焊接)或软线输出方式，适合批量标准化生产，极其适合继电器、按钮等开关配套使用。

Claims (14)

  1. 一种灭弧器件，其特征是：其包括第一电极、第二电极、第三电极、一晶闸管、一限流元件、一电流互感器及一电子开关，所述第一电极与所述晶闸管的第一端连接，所述第三电极与所述晶闸管的第二端连接，所述第二电极通过所述电流互感器与所述晶闸管的第二端连接，所述第一电极、所述第二电极用于与所需灭弧的机械开关连接，所述第三电极为通过所述晶闸管与所述机械开关电流的共同端点，所述电流互感器检测通过所述机械开关的电流，所述电流互感器的输出端与所述电子开关的控制端连接，所述电流互感器输出的信号用于驱动所述电子开关，驱动所述晶闸管导通的驱动信号由所述晶闸管的第一端或所述晶闸管的第二端通过所述限流元件连接至所述晶闸管的控制极，所述电子开关与所述驱动信号的回路连接。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的灭弧器件，其特征是：所述限流元件为第一电容。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的灭弧器件，其特征是：还包括第一电阻，所述第一电阻与所述第一电容组成串联电路，所述驱动信号通过所述串联电路、所述电子开关连接到所述晶闸管的控制极，所述电子开关连接至少一稳压器件，所述稳压器件对所述驱动信号分流，用于保护所述电子开关。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的灭弧器件，其特征是：所述电子开关为一半导体开关电路，所述半导体开关电路的耐压值小于所述晶闸管两端的额定工作电压。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的灭弧器件，其特征是：所述半导体开关电路包括晶体管、一整流电路，所述整流电路的直流输出端与所述晶体管输出端连接，所述晶体管的控制端与所述电流互感器的输出端连接。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的灭弧器件，其特征是：所述晶体管包括第一晶体管、第二晶体管，所述第一晶体管的输入端与所述第二晶体管的输入端反向并联组成并联电路，所述并联电路与所述电流互感器的输出端连接。
  7. 根据权利要求5所述的灭弧器件，其特征是：所述晶体管为三极管或场效应管。
  8. 根据权利要求4所述的灭弧器件，其特征是：所述半导体开关电路包括第一整流电路、第二整流电路、一晶体管，所述第一整流电路的第一交流输入端与所述驱动信号连接，所述第一整流电路的第二交流输入端与所述晶闸管的控制极连接，所述第一整流电路的直流输出端与所述晶体管的输出端连接，所述第二整流电路的交流输入端与所述电流互感器的输出端连接，所述第二整流电路的直流输出端与所述晶体管的控制端连接。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的灭弧器件，其特征是：所述晶体管为三极管或场效应管。
  10. 根据权利要求8所述的灭弧器件，其特征是：所述第二整流电路的直流输出端并联第二电容。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的灭弧器件，其特征是：所述第二电容并联第二电阻，所述第二电 阻用于对所述第二电容放电。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的灭弧器件，其特征是：在所述电流互感器无输出电信号时，所述第二电容存储电荷驱动所述晶体管输出的时间小于通过所述机械开关的交流电半个周波。
  13. 根据权利要求11所述的灭弧器件，其特征是：所述第二电容与第三电阻串联组成阻容电路，所述晶体管输入端串联第四电阻组成串联驱动电路，所述阻容电路与所述串联驱动电路并联。
  14. 根据权利要求1所述的灭弧器件，其特征是：驱动所述晶闸管导通的驱动信号由所述晶闸管的第二阳极通过所述限流元件连接至所述晶闸管的控制极。
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