WO2016180345A1 - 二端灭弧装置及混合式开关 - Google Patents

二端灭弧装置及混合式开关 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016180345A1
WO2016180345A1 PCT/CN2016/081767 CN2016081767W WO2016180345A1 WO 2016180345 A1 WO2016180345 A1 WO 2016180345A1 CN 2016081767 W CN2016081767 W CN 2016081767W WO 2016180345 A1 WO2016180345 A1 WO 2016180345A1
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Prior art keywords
thyristor
capacitor
arc extinguishing
extinguishing device
circuit
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PCT/CN2016/081767
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
郭桥石
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广州市金矢电子有限公司
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Publication of WO2016180345A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016180345A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/54—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere
    • H01H9/547—Combinations of mechanical switches and static switches, the latter being controlled by the former

Definitions

  • the two-end arc extinguishing device and the hybrid switch of the invention belong to the field of electricity, in particular to a two-end arc extinguishing device suitable for use in arc extinguishing applications in contactors, relays, circuit breakers and other mechanical switches, and a hybrid type switch.
  • an arc extinguishing device for mechanical switch arc extinguishing has appeared, such as the patent number CN01201907.0, the name is “electronic arc extinguisher”; the patent number is CN200910306608.6, and the name is “optical coupling based hybrid communication”.
  • Contactor passive switch drive controller the two patents disclose that the thyristor and the contactor mechanical switch are connected in parallel, the power supply is connected with the control coil of the contactor, and before the mechanical switch of the contactor is disconnected, a control unit is provided. The signal for controlling the conduction of the thyristor is de-energized in the control coil of the contactor.
  • the thyristor When the mechanical switch is separated, the thyristor is turned on, and the filter capacitor discharges through the power supply circuit to delay the delay, and the driving signal for turning off the thyristor is turned off, and the thyristor is turned off. , complete the arc-free breaking process.
  • the circuit belongs to a four-terminal or four-terminal circuit, and the power supply must be powered from the control coil of the contactor, that is, two end points of one thyristor and two end points of the input power supply, and the use of the wiring is inconvenient.
  • the disadvantages of other mechanical switches such as buttons and knife switches that do not have a control drive power supply.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a two-end arc extinguishing device that does not require an external working power source, has a wide adaptability range, and is convenient to use, in order to avoid the deficiencies of the existing arc extinguishing device.
  • a two-terminal arc extinguishing device includes a thyristor, a current transformer, a first capacitor, and a control unit for parallel connection with a mechanical switch, wherein the current transformer is connected to a main circuit of the thyristor, and the current transformer output a signal is transmitted to the control unit, the first capacitor is connected to a main loop of the thyristor, and a driving signal of the thyristor is transmitted to the main circuit of the thyristor through the first capacitor and the control unit a control pole of the thyristor, the operating energy of the control unit when the mechanical switch is off The amount is provided by the voltage between the two ends of the main loop of the thyristor, and during the conduction of the thyristor, the operating energy of the control unit is provided by the current transformer.
  • a two-terminal arc extinguishing device is a two-terminal circuit.
  • a two-terminal arc extinguishing device the control unit further comprising a second capacitor, the driving signal being transmitted to the control pole of the thyristor through the second capacitor.
  • a two-terminal arc extinguishing device serving as a breaking element of the driving signal.
  • control unit further includes a first rectifying circuit and a discharge element, wherein the discharging element is connected in parallel with the second capacitor to form a parallel circuit, and the first alternating current end of the first rectifying circuit passes
  • the first capacitor is connected to the main circuit of the thyristor
  • the second AC end of the first rectifier circuit is connected to the control pole of the thyristor
  • the DC output end of the first rectifier circuit is connected to the parallel circuit.
  • control unit further includes a second rectifying circuit, an AC end of the second rectifying circuit is connected to an output end of the current transformer, and a DC output end of the second rectifying circuit is Parallel circuit connection.
  • a two-end arc extinguishing device the discharge element being a resistor.
  • a two-terminal arc extinguishing device wherein a first alternating current end of the first rectifier circuit is connected to a finite-voltage semiconductor device, and the voltage limiting semiconductor device passes through the first capacitor when a voltage across the terminal exceeds a rated value thereof
  • the signal is shunted to protect the control unit, and the operating voltage across the second capacitor is less than one-half of the operating voltage across the main loop of the thyristor.
  • a two-end arc extinguishing device wherein the first rectifier circuit is a bridge rectifier circuit.
  • the thyristor is a bidirectional thyristor
  • a resistor is connected in series with the first capacitor to form a series circuit
  • the first alternating current end of the first rectifying circuit passes through the series circuit and the bidirectional thyristor a second anode connection
  • the second alternating current end of the first rectifier circuit is connected to the control pole of the triac
  • the first alternating current end of the first rectifier circuit is connected to the first anode of the triac Finite voltage semiconductor devices.
  • a two-terminal arc extinguishing device the first capacitor being connected in series with a resistor.
  • a two-terminal arc extinguishing device wherein the thyristor is a bidirectional thyristor or a unidirectional thyristor, and both ends of the main circuit are two ends of the first anode and the second anode of the bidirectional thyristor, or both ends of the main circuit are The cathode and anode ends of the unidirectional thyristor.
  • a two-terminal arc extinguishing device is a bidirectional thyristor or a unidirectional thyristor, and the driving signal is provided by the second anode of the triac or the anode of the unidirectional thyristor through the first capacitor.
  • a two-end arc extinguishing device wherein a control end of the thyristor is connected in parallel with a resistor.
  • a hybrid switch comprising the two-end arc extinguishing device described above, further comprising the mechanical switch.
  • FIG. 1 a schematic diagram of a two-terminal arc extinguishing device and a hybrid switch of the present invention, a two-terminal arc extinguishing device including a thyristor TR1 (which is a bidirectional thyristor or a single thyristor) connected in parallel with the mechanical switch SW1 To the thyristor), the current transformer CT1, the first capacitor C1, the control unit (A), the current transformer CT1 and the main circuit of the thyristor TR1 (can be connected through a heart or a series connection), the current transformer CT1 output signal is transmitted to The control unit (A), the first capacitor C1 is connected to the main circuit of the thyristor TR1, and the driving signal of the thyristor TR1 is transmitted from the main circuit of the thyristor TR1 to the control pole of the thyristor TR1 through the first capacitor C1 and the control unit (A).
  • a thyristor TR1 which is a bidirectional thyristo
  • the working energy of the control unit (A) is supplied by the voltage between the two ends of the main circuit of the thyristor TR1.
  • the working energy of the control unit (A) is provided by the current transformer CT1.
  • J1 and J2 are the two end points of the two-end arc extinguishing device of the present invention.
  • the hybrid switch of the present invention comprises the two-end arc extinguishing device described above, and further comprises a mechanical switch SW1.
  • the working principle when the mechanical switch SW1 is disconnected, the voltage between the two ends of the main circuit of the thyristor TR1 supplies the working energy to the control unit (A) through the first capacitor C1, and the control unit (A) controls the thyristor TR1 to be non-conductive. After the mechanical switch SW1 is closed, the voltage between the two ends of the main circuit of the thyristor TR1 is zero, and the control unit (A) loses power; during the disconnection of the mechanical switch SW1, the voltage between the two ends of the main circuit of the thyristor TR1 is abruptly changed.
  • a large current is generated to pass through the first capacitor C1, whereby the current is used as a driving signal to drive the thyristor TR1 to conduct, and the electronic arc extinguishing action is performed.
  • the current transformer CT1 outputs a signal to the control unit (A).
  • the control unit (A) controls the thyristor TR1 to be quickly turned off, and the voltage between the two ends of the main circuit of the thyristor TR1 is maintained to supply working energy to the control unit (A), so that the thyristor TR1 remains in an off state.
  • the invention has reasonable design and has the advantages of no need of external working power, convenient use and wide adaptability.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a two-end arc extinguishing device and a hybrid switch of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a circuit schematic diagram of an embodiment of a two-terminal arc extinguishing device and a hybrid switch of the present invention.
  • a two-terminal arc extinguishing device mainly comprises a thyristor TR1 (which is a bidirectional thyristor) connected in parallel with the mechanical switch SW1, a current transformer CT1, a first capacitor C1, a control unit (A), and a current.
  • the transformer CT1 is connected to the main circuit of the thyristor TR1 (which may be connected through a heart or a series connection), and the output signal of the current transformer CT1 is transmitted to the control unit (A), and the first capacitor C1 is connected to the main circuit of the thyristor TR1.
  • the driving signal of the thyristor TR1 is transmitted from the main circuit of the thyristor TR1 to the control electrode of the thyristor TR1 through the first capacitor C1 and the control unit (A).
  • the mechanical switch SW1 is turned off, the operating energy of the control unit (A) is controlled by the thyristor TR1.
  • the voltage between the two ends of the main circuit is provided.
  • the working energy of the control unit (A) is provided by the current transformer CT1
  • the first capacitor C1 is connected in series with the resistor R1
  • the resistor R1 is a technical component for limiting
  • the control terminal of the thyristor TR1 is connected in parallel with a resistor R3 as a technical component for reducing the false conduction of the thyristor TR1.
  • the two-end arc extinguishing device of the invention is a two-terminal circuit, and as long as the two end points of J1 and J2 are connected with the mechanical switch SW1 required to extinguish the arc, no external working power source is needed.
  • the control unit (A) includes a first rectifier circuit BR1 (which is a bridge rectifier circuit), a discharge element R2 (resistance), and a second capacitor C2.
  • the drive signal is transmitted to the gate of the thyristor TR1 through the second capacitor C2, and the second Capacitor C2 is used as a breaking element of the driving signal of the thyristor TR1, and the control thyristor TR1 is turned off, the discharging element R2 (which is a resistor) is connected in parallel with the second capacitor C2 to form a parallel circuit, and the second capacitor C2 is in a fully charged or floating state.
  • the current of the parallel circuit is small, and the thyristor TR1 is not triggered to be turned on.
  • the first AC terminal of the first rectifier circuit BR1 is connected to the main circuit of the thyristor TR1 through the first capacitor C1, and the second AC terminal of the first rectifier circuit BR1 and the thyristor TR1
  • the control pole is connected, and the DC output end of the first rectifier circuit BR1 is connected with the parallel circuit.
  • the definitions of the first AC terminal and the second AC terminal are only for distinguishing the corresponding relationship, which is convenient for description, and the first AC terminal can be any AC. End, corresponding to the other AC end is the second AC end.
  • the second rectifier circuit BR2 (which is a bridge rectifier circuit) is further connected, the AC terminal of the second rectifier circuit BR2 is connected to the output end of the current transformer CT1, and the DC output terminal of the second rectifier circuit BR2 is connected to the discharge element R2 (which is a resistor). ), the parallel connection of the second capacitor C2 is connected in parallel.
  • the first AC terminal of the first rectifier circuit BR1 is connected to the voltage limiting semiconductor device Z1 as a technical component, and the voltage limiting semiconductor device Z1 shunts the signal passing through the first capacitor C1 when the voltage across the terminal exceeds its rated value for protection.
  • the control unit (A) greatly reduces the withstand voltage requirement of the second capacitor C2, and the operating voltage of the second capacitor C2 can be less than one-half of the operating voltage across the main loop of the thyristor TR1.
  • the voltage requirement of the output signal of the transformer CT1 is lowered, and the second capacitor C2 is charged faster, so as to quickly turn off the driving signal of the thyristor TR1.
  • the thyristor TR1 shown in FIG. 2 is a bidirectional thyristor TR1, and the resistor R1 is connected in series with the first capacitor C1 to form a series circuit.
  • the first AC terminal of the first rectifier circuit BR1 is connected to the second anode of the triac TR1 through the series circuit.
  • the second AC terminal of the first rectifier circuit BR1 is connected to the control electrode of the triac TR1, and at least one voltage limiting semiconductor device is connected between the first AC terminal of the first rectifier circuit BR1 and the first anode of the triac TR1.
  • the definitions of the first AC and the second AC are only for the convenience of description to distinguish their corresponding relationship.
  • the first AC end can be any AC end, and the other AC end is the second AC end.
  • a hybrid switch includes the above two-end arc extinguishing device, and further includes a mechanical switch SW1.
  • the working principle when the mechanical switch SW1 is disconnected, the voltage between the two ends of the main circuit of the thyristor TR1 is charged through the first capacitor C1, the resistor R1, the first rectifier circuit BR1, and the second capacitor C2, and the second capacitor C2 is at In the fully charged or floating state, the resistance of the discharge element R2 is selected to be large, and since the capacitance has the characteristics of AC-DC blocking, the current of the driving signal passing through is much smaller than the trigger current of the thyristor TR1, and the thyristor TR1 is not turned on.
  • the voltage between the two ends of the main circuit of the thyristor TR1 is zero, and the second capacitor C2 is discharged through the discharge element R2; during the disconnection of the mechanical switch SW1, the voltage between the two ends of the main circuit of the thyristor TR1 occurs.
  • the mutation generates a large current through the first capacitor C1 and the second capacitor C2, whereby the current acts as a driving signal, driving the thyristor TR1 to conduct, and functions as an electronic arc extinguishing.
  • the current transformer The CT1 output signal is rapidly charged to the second capacitor C2 of the control unit (A) through the second rectifying circuit BR2, and the thyristor TR1 is quickly turned off, and then electrically connected between the two ends of the main loop of the thyristor TR1. Holding the second capacitor C2 is charged, so that the thyristor TR1 remains off.
  • the two-end arc extinguishing device of this embodiment not only has a simple circuit, but also has the following advantages:
  • the capacitor Since the capacitor has physical characteristics that the voltage across it cannot be abrupt, when the mechanical switch SW1 is turned off, if it is not at the zero point of the current (note: no arc is generated at the zero point), it will be in the first capacitor C1 and the second capacitor C2.
  • the terminal generates a high voltage rising rate, and the capacity of the first capacitor C1 and the second capacitor C2 can be small (can be a few microfarads), and the thyristor TR1 can be driven to conduct through a large driving current to achieve a satisfactory arc extinguishing effect.
  • the current transformer CT1 rapidly charges the second capacitor C2, and the conduction time of the thyristor TR1 is extremely short, which greatly improves the reliability of the two-terminal arc extinguishing device of the present invention, and the thyristor TR1 with a small capacity is also used. The ability to pass a very large current, the cost is greatly reduced.
  • the current transformer CT1 can adopt a miniature current transformer and can operate in a nonlinear state.
  • the current transformer CT1 outputs a lower voltage and can also quickly charge the second capacitor C2. Reduce the current transformer CT1 drive voltage requirements and the second capacitor C2 withstand voltage requirements.
  • the thyristor TR1 of the above embodiment is a bidirectional thyristor, and the driving signal thereof is provided by the second anode of the triac TR1 through the first capacitor C1, and the two ends of the main loop of the thyristor TR1 are the first anode and the second anode of the bidirectional thyristor TR1, actually In the application, the thyristor TR1 can also adopt a unidirectional thyristor.
  • the driving signal is provided by the anode of the single-phase thyristor through the first capacitor C1, and when the thyristor TR1 is a unidirectional thyristor, the main circuit of the thyristor is The terminal is a cathode and an anode of the unidirectional thyristor.
  • the first rectifier circuit BR1 can be changed to a diode.
  • the discharge element R2 adopts a resistor in the above embodiment, and can also adopt a switch discharge element such as other triode tubes, and the working principle is the same, which is still within the scope of the patent protection.
  • connection relationship between the above components in the above embodiments includes mechanical connection, electrical connection, direct connection, and indirect connection.
  • three-phase or multi-pole switch is applied, the corresponding number of paths can be increased, and the working principle is the same, and the patent protection is still range.

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Abstract

一种应用于机械开关中作为灭弧用途的二端灭弧装置，其包括用于与机械开关并联的晶闸管（TR1）、电流互感器（CT1）、第一电容（C1）、控制电路（A），电流互感器（CT1）与晶闸管（TR1）的主回路连接，电流互感器（CT1）输出信号连接至控制电路（A），第一电容（C1）与晶闸管（TR1）的主回路连接，晶闸管（TR1）的驱动信号由晶闸管（TR1）的主回路通过第一电容（C1）、控制电路（A）连接至晶闸管（TR1）的控制极，控制电路（A）的工作能量由晶闸管（TR1）的主回路两端之间电压、电流互感器（CT1）提供，该二端灭弧装置具有无需外接工作电源、适应范围广的优点。

Description

二端灭弧装置及混合式开关 技术领域
本发明的二端灭弧装置及混合式开关属于电学领域,特别是一种适合应用于接触器、继电器、断路器及其它机械开关中作为灭弧用途的二端灭弧装置及一种混合式开关。
背景技术
目前在电气控制系统中,广泛使用接触器、继电器等机械开关对负载进行接通分断控制，但由于普通灭弧用途的灭弧栅，需要分断电弧拉到一定长度，才能起作用，存在灭弧效果差，分断负载时电弧大，导致触点容易烧损的缺点。
为此,出现了用于机械开关灭弧的灭弧装置，如专利号为CN01201907.0，名称为“电子灭弧器”；专利号为CN200910306608.6，名称为“基于光耦的混合式交流接触器无源开关驱动控制器”，两个专利所揭示的，采用晶闸管与接触器机械开关并联的方式，供电电源与接触器的控制线圈连接，接触器机械开关分断前,通过控制单元提供一个控制晶闸管导通的信号，在接触器的控制线圈失电，当机械开关在分离时，晶闸管导通，通过供电电路的滤波电容放电延时，延时关断晶闸管导通的驱动信号,晶闸管截止，完成无电弧分断过程。
由于以上两个专利所揭示，其电路属于四端或四端以上电路，其供电电源必须要从接触器的控制线圈取电，即一路晶闸管两个端点、输入电源两个端点，存在使用接线不便，在其它无控制驱动电源的机械开关如按钮、闸刀开关无法使用的缺点。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于避免现有灭弧装置的不足之处而提供一种无需外接工作电源、适应范围广、使用方便的二端灭弧装置。
实现本发明的目的是通过以下技术方案来达到的：
一种二端灭弧装置，其包括用于与机械开关并联的晶闸管、电流互感器、第一电容、控制单元，所述电流互感器与所述晶闸管的主回路连接，所述电流互感器输出信号传递至所述控制单元，所述第一电容与所述晶闸管的主回路连接，所述晶闸管的驱动信号由所述晶闸管的主回路通过所述第一电容、所述控制单元传递至所述晶闸管的控制极，在所述机械开关断开状态下，所述控制单元的工作能 量由所述晶闸管的主回路两端之间电压提供，在所述晶闸管导通过程中，所述控制单元的工作能量由所述电流互感器提供。
一种二端灭弧装置，其为二端电路。
一种二端灭弧装置，所述控制单元还包括第二电容，所述驱动信号通过所述第二电容传递至所述晶闸管的控制极。
一种二端灭弧装置，所述第二电容作为所述驱动信号的断开元件。
一种二端灭弧装置，所述控制单元还包括第一整流电路、放电元件，所述放电元件与所述第二电容并联而成并联电路，所述第一整流电路的第一交流端通过所述第一电容与所述晶闸管的主回路连接，所述第一整流电路的第二交流端与所述晶闸管的控制极连接，所述第一整流电路直流输出端与所述并联电路连接。
一种二端灭弧装置，所述控制单元还包括第二整流电路，所述第二整流电路的交流端与所述电流互感器的输出端连接，所述第二整流电路直流输出端与所述并联电路连接。
一种二端灭弧装置，所述放电元件为一电阻。
一种二端灭弧装置，所述第一整流电路的第一交流端连接有限压半导体器件，所述限压半导体器件在其两端电压超过其额定值时，对通过所述第一电容的信号进行分流，用于保护所述控制单元，所述第二电容两端的工作电压小于所述晶闸管的主回路两端的工作电压的二分之一。
一种二端灭弧装置，所述第一整流电路为桥式整流电路。
一种二端灭弧装置，所述晶闸管为双向晶闸管，一电阻与所述第一电容串联而成串联电路，所述第一整流电路的第一交流端通过所述串联电路与所述双向晶闸管的第二阳极连接，所述第一整流电路的第二交流端与所述双向晶闸管的控制极连接，所述第一整流电路的第一交流端与所述双向晶闸管的第一阳极之间连接有限压半导体器件。
一种二端灭弧装置，所述第一电容串联一电阻。
一种二端灭弧装置，所述晶闸管为双向晶闸管或单向晶闸管，所述主回路两端为所述双向晶闸管的第一阳极和第二阳极两端，或所述主回路两端为所述单向晶闸管的阴极和阳极两端。
一种二端灭弧装置，所述晶闸管为双向晶闸管或单向晶闸管，所述驱动信号由所述双向晶闸管的第二阳极或所述单向晶闸管的阳极通过所述第一电容提供。
一种二端灭弧装置，所述晶闸管的控制端并联一电阻。
一种混合式开关，其包括以上所述的二端灭弧装置、还包括所述机械开关。
如图1所示，本发明二端灭弧装置及混合式开关的原理图，一种二端灭弧装置，其包括用于与机械开关SW1并联的晶闸管TR1(为双向晶闸管，也可以采用单向晶闸管)、电流互感器CT1、第一电容C1、控制单元(A)，电流互感器CT1与晶闸管TR1的主回路连接(可以为穿心连接或串联连接)，电流互感器CT1输出信号传递至控制单元(A)，第一电容C1与晶闸管TR1的主回路连接，晶闸管TR1的驱动信号由晶闸管TR1的主回路通过第一电容C1、控制单元(A)传递至晶闸管TR1的控制极，在机械开关SW1断开状态下，控制单元(A)的工作能量由晶闸管TR1的主回路两端之间电压提供，在晶闸管TR1导通过程中，控制单元(A)的工作能量由电流互感器CT1提供，J1、J2为本发明二端灭弧装置的两个端点。
如图1所示，本发明混合式开关包括以上所述的二端灭弧装置，还包括机械开关SW1。
其工作原理：在机械开关SW1断开情况下，晶闸管TR1的主回路两端之间电压通过第一电容C1给控制单元(A)提供工作能量，控制单元(A)控制晶闸管TR1不导通，在机械开关SW1闭合后，晶闸管TR1的主回路两端之间电压为零，控制单元(A)失电；在机械开关SW1断开过程中，晶闸管TR1的主回路两端之间电压发生突变，产生较大的电流通过第一电容C1，由此电流作为驱动信号，驱动晶闸管TR1导通，起到电子灭弧作用，在晶闸管TR1导通过程中，电流互感器CT1输出信号对控制单元(A)提供工作能量，控制单元(A)控制晶闸管TR1快速截止，再由晶闸管TR1的主回路两端之间电压保持对控制单元(A)提供工作能量，使得晶闸管TR1保持截止状态。
本发明设计合理，具有无需外加工作电源、使用方便、适应范围广的优点。
附图说明
图1是本发明二端灭弧装置及混合式开关的原理图。
图2是本发明二端灭弧装置及混合式开关的实施例一电路原理图。
具体实施方式
如图2所示，一种二端灭弧装置，其主要包括用于与机械开关SW1并联的晶闸管TR1(为双向晶闸管)、电流互感器CT1、第一电容C1、控制单元(A)，电流互感器CT1与晶闸管TR1的主回路连接(可以为穿心连接或串联连接)，电流互感器CT1输出信号传递至控制单元(A)，第一电容C1与晶闸管TR1的主回路连接， 晶闸管TR1的驱动信号由晶闸管TR1的主回路通过第一电容C1、控制单元(A)传递至晶闸管TR1的控制极，在机械开关SW1断开状态下，控制单元(A)的工作能量由晶闸管TR1的主回路两端之间电压提供，在晶闸管TR1导通过程中，控制单元(A)的工作能量由电流互感器CT1提供，第一电容C1串联电阻R1，电阻R1为技术性元件，用于限流；晶闸管TR1的控制端并联一电阻R3为技术性元件，用于减少晶闸管TR1误导通。
本发明二端灭弧装置为二端电路，只要J1、J2两个端点与所需灭弧的机械开关SW1连接，无需外接工作电源。
控制单元(A)：包括第一整流电路BR1(为一桥式整流电路)、放电元件R2(电阻)、第二电容C2，驱动信号通过第二电容C2传递至晶闸管TR1的控制极，第二电容C2作为晶闸管TR1的驱动信号的断开元件，控制晶闸管TR1截止，放电元件R2(为一电阻)与第二电容C2并联而成并联电路，第二电容C2在充满电或浮充电状态下，通过并联电路电流很小，不触发晶闸管TR1导通，第一整流电路BR1的第一交流端通过第一电容C1与晶闸管TR1的主回路连接，第一整流电路BR1的第二交流端与晶闸管TR1的控制极连接，第一整流电路BR1直流输出端与并联电路连接，注：第一交流端、第二交流端的定义仅仅为区分其相对应关系，方便描述，第一交流端可以为任一交流端，对应另一交流端为第二交流端。
还包括第二整流电路BR2(为一桥式整流电路)，第二整流电路BR2的交流端与电流互感器CT1的输出端连接，第二整流电路BR2直流输出端与放电元件R2(为一电阻)、第二电容C2并联而成的并联电路连接。
第一整流电路BR1的第一交流端连接限压半导体器件Z1为技术性元件，限压半导体器件Z1在其两端电压超过其额定值时，对通过第一电容C1的信号进行分流，用于保护控制单元(A)，大大降低第二电容C2的耐压要求，第二电容C2的工作电压可以小于晶闸管TR1的主回路两端的二分之一工作电压。
同时降低了互感器CT1输出信号的电压要求，更快对第二电容C2充电，达到快速关断晶闸管TR1驱动信号的目的。
如图2所示的晶闸管TR1为双向晶闸管TR1，电阻R1与第一电容C1串联而成串联电路，第一整流电路BR1的第一交流端通过该串联电路与双向晶闸管TR1的第二阳极连接，第一整流电路BR1的第二交流端与双向晶闸管TR1的控制极连接，第一整流电路BR1的第一交流端与双向晶闸管TR1的第一阳极之间连接至少一限压半导体器件。注：第一交流端、第二交流端的定义仅仅为方便描述区分其相对应关系，第一交流端可以为任一交流端，对应另一交流端为第二交流端。
如图2所示，一种混合式开关包括以上所述二端灭弧装置，还包括机械开关SW1。
其工作原理：在机械开关SW1断开情况下，晶闸管TR1的主回路两端之间电压通过第一电容C1、电阻R1、第一整流电路BR1、对第二电容C2充电，第二电容C2处于充满电或浮充电状态下，放电元件R2阻值选的较大，同时由于电容具有通交流隔直流的特点，通过的驱动信号的电流会远小于晶闸管TR1的触发电流，晶闸管TR1不导通，在机械开关SW1闭合后，晶闸管TR1的主回路两端之间电压为零，第二电容C2通过放电元件R2放电；在机械开关SW1断开过程中，晶闸管TR1的主回路两端之间电压发生突变，产生较大的电流通过第一电容C1、第二电容C2，由此电流作为驱动信号，驱动晶闸管TR1导通，起到电子灭弧的作用，在晶闸管TR1导通过程中，电流互感器CT1输出信号通过第二整流电路BR2对控制单元(A)的第二电容C2快速充电，晶闸管TR1快速截止，再由晶闸管TR1的主回路两端之间电压保持对第二电容C2充电，使得晶闸管TR1保持截止状态。
本实施例二端灭弧装置不但电路简单，还具有以下优点：
1.由于电容具有其两端电压不能突变的物理特征，当机械开关SW1断开时，如不在电流的零点(注：在零点不产生电弧)，将在第一电容C1、第二电容C2两端产生很高的电压上升速率，第一电容C1、第二电容C2容量可以很小(可以为零点几微法)也能通过较大的驱动电流驱动晶闸管TR1导通，达到满意灭弧效果，在灭弧过程中，电流互感器CT1对第二电容C2快速充电，晶闸管TR1的导通时间极短，极大提高了本发明二端灭弧装置的可靠性，用容量很小的晶闸管TR1也能通过极大的电流，成本大大降低。
2.在灭弧过程中，晶闸管TR1的导通时间极短，与其连接的导线可以很细，电流互感器CT1可以采用微型电流互感器，且可工作在非线性状态。
3.在控制单元(A)前连接限压半导体器件Z1(可以为稳压二极管、瞬态抑制二极管)，电流互感器CT1输出较低的电压，也能对第二电容C2快速充电，可以进一步降低电流互感器CT1驱动电压要求和对第二电容C2耐压要求。
以上实施例晶闸管TR1为双向晶闸管，其驱动信号由双向晶闸管TR1的第二阳极通过第一电容C1提供，晶闸管TR1的主回路两端为双向晶闸管TR1的第一阳极和第二阳极两端，实际应用中晶闸管TR1也可以采用单向晶闸管，当晶闸管TR1改为单向晶闸管时，其驱动信号由单相晶闸管的阳极通过第一电容C1提供，晶闸管TR1为单向晶闸管时，晶闸管的主回路两端为单向晶闸管的阴极和阳极两端，当晶闸管TR1改为单向晶闸管时，第一整流电路BR1可以改为一个二极管即 可，工作原理相同，仍在本专利保护范围，放电元件R2在以上实施例采用电阻，也可以采用其他三极管等开关放电元件，工作原理相同，仍在本专利保护范围。
以上实施例以上各元件之间的连接关系包括机械连接、电连接、直接连接、间接连接，在三相或多极开关应用时，增加相应路数即可，工作原理相同，仍在本专利保护范围。

Claims (14)

  1. 一种二端灭弧装置，其特征是：其包括用于与机械开关并联的晶闸管、电流互感器、第一电容、控制单元，所述电流互感器与所述晶闸管的主回路连接，所述电流互感器输出信号传递至所述控制单元，所述第一电容与所述晶闸管的主回路连接，所述晶闸管的驱动信号由所述晶闸管的主回路通过所述第一电容、所述控制单元传递至所述晶闸管的控制极，在所述机械开关断开状态下，所述控制单元的工作能量由所述晶闸管的主回路两端之间电压提供，在所述晶闸管导通过程中，所述控制单元的工作能量由所述电流互感器提供。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的二端灭弧装置，其特征是：其为二端电路。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的二端灭弧装置，其特征是：所述控制单元包括第二电容，所述驱动信号通过所述第二电容传递至所述晶闸管的控制极。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的二端灭弧装置，其特征是：所述第二电容作为所述驱动信号的断开元件。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的二端灭弧装置，其特征是：所述控制单元还包括第一整流电路、放电元件，所述放电元件与所述第二电容并联而成并联电路，所述第一整流电路的第一交流端通过所述第一电容与所述晶闸管的主回路连接，所述第一整流电路的第二交流端与所述晶闸管的控制极连接，所述第一整流电路直流输出端与所述并联电路连接。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的二端灭弧装置，其特征是：所述控制单元还包括第二整流电路，所述第二整流电路的交流端与所述电流互感器的输出端连接，所述第二整流电路直流输出端与所述并联电路连接。
  7. 根据权利要求5所述的二端灭弧装置，其特征是：所述放电元件为一电阻。
  8. 根据权利要求5所述的二端灭弧装置，其特征是：所述第一整流电路的第一交流端连接有限压半导体器件，所述限压半导体器件在其两端电压超过其额定值时，对通过所述第一电容的信号进行分流，用于保护所述控制单元，所述第二电容两端的工作电压小于所述晶闸管的主回路两端的工作电压的二分之一。
  9. 根据权利要求5所述的二端灭弧装置，其特征是：所述第一整流电路为桥式整流电路。
  10. 根据权利要求5所述的二端灭弧装置，其特征是：所述晶闸管为双向晶闸管，一电阻与所述第一电容串联而成串联电路，所述第一整流电路的第一交流端通过所述串联电路与所述双向晶闸管的第二阳极连接，所述第一整流电路的第二交流端与所述双向晶闸管的控制极连接，所述第一整流电路的第一交流端与所述双向晶闸管的第一阳极之间连接有限压半导体器件。
  11. 根据权利要求1所述的二端灭弧装置，其特征是：所述第一电容串联一电阻。
  12. 根据权利要求1所述的二端灭弧装置，其特征是：所述晶闸管为双向晶闸管或单向晶闸管，所述主回路两端为所述双向晶闸管的第一阳极和第二阳极两端，或所述主回路两端为所述单向晶闸管的阴极和阳极两端。
  13. 根据权利要求1所述的二端灭弧装置，其特征是：所述晶闸管为双向晶闸管或单向晶闸管，所述驱动信号由所述双向晶闸管的第二阳极或所述单向晶闸管的阳极通过所述第一电容提供。
  14. 一种混合式开关，其特征是：其包括根据权利要求1至13任一权利要求所述的二端灭弧装置、还包括所述机械开关。
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CN104392860A (zh) * 2014-03-07 2015-03-04 广州市金矢电子有限公司 电容耦合式灭弧电路及装置
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