WO2016129583A1 - 乳酸脱水素酵素阻害剤およびそれを含有する抗てんかん剤 - Google Patents
乳酸脱水素酵素阻害剤およびそれを含有する抗てんかん剤 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016129583A1 WO2016129583A1 PCT/JP2016/053764 JP2016053764W WO2016129583A1 WO 2016129583 A1 WO2016129583 A1 WO 2016129583A1 JP 2016053764 W JP2016053764 W JP 2016053764W WO 2016129583 A1 WO2016129583 A1 WO 2016129583A1
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a lactate dehydrogenase inhibitor and an antiepileptic agent containing isosafrole (or a derivative thereof) as an active ingredient.
- Epilepsy is a neurological disorder caused by excessive excitation of brain electrical activity, and is diagnosed by characteristic brain waves (epileptic brain waves). Its prevalence is as high as about 1% of the total population. Drug therapy is mainly used as a method for treating epilepsy, and more than 20 types of epilepsy therapeutic agents are used in clinical settings (Non-patent Document 1). However, it is known that about 30% of epilepsy patients do not succeed with these existing antiepileptic drugs. Under such circumstances, there is a current need for a therapeutic drug for “refractory epilepsy” for which existing drugs do not work.
- Epilepsy occurs due to excessive neural electrical excitement, so most of its therapeutic drugs target molecules that control electrical activity. Specifically, it is an ion channel, a synaptic receptor, and a neurotransmitter transporter (Non-patent Document 2).
- “diet therapy” called ketogenic diet is effective for some epileptic patients to whom these existing drugs are not effective (Non-patent Document 3).
- the antiepileptic mechanism by the ketone diet has been clarified one after another (Non-Patent Documents 4 to 6). That is, if a drug that acts on the energy metabolic pathway can be produced, it is promising as a therapeutic drug for intractable epilepsy.
- Stilipentol was first developed as a brain disease drug (Patent Document 1), and later proved to be effective for Dravet's syndrome syndrome (a childhood epilepsy) that is one of intractable epilepsy (Non-patent Documents 7 and 8). .
- Dravet's syndrome syndrome a childhood epilepsy
- Non-patent Documents 7 and 8 Currently, it is used clinically as a drug for the treatment of Dravet syndrome in Europe (approved in 2007) and Japan (approved in 2012) under the trade name DeerCommit.
- Dravet's syndrome has been successful, Stilpentol has not been successful in clinical trials for other epilepsy epilepsy (especially adult epilepsy) epilepsy (Non-patent Document 9).
- Styripentol has an aromatic allyl alcohol structure and has a chemical structure not found in conventional antiepileptic drugs (Patent Document 1). Moreover, it is the only compound as an “antiepileptic agent having an inhibitory action on lactate dehydrase” (Patent Document 2). Antiepileptic agents that act on metabolic pathway (metabolic enzyme) are promising as therapeutic agents for intractable epilepsy. However, while stilipentol works for some childhood intractable epilepsy (Dravet syndrome) epilepsy, it has not been used for other intractable epilepsy.
- an “antiepileptic agent” that is effective for refractory epilepsy in which styripentol does not work can be developed by maintaining the lactate dehydrogenase inhibitory activity and modifying the chemical structure of styripentol.
- antiepileptic agents have a very high industrial utility value.
- an object of the present invention is to provide an antiepileptic agent that has a “lactate dehydrogenase inhibitory action” and is effective for intractable epilepsy in which stilipentol does not work.
- Patent Document 1 which characterizes styripentol (aromatic allyl alcohol), and the “3-position functional group group” reported in the prior art (Non-Patent Document 14).
- Isosafrole CAS CAS: 120-58-1, 5- (1-propenyl) -1,3-benzodioxole, which is a substance obtained by removing hydroxy group and tertiary butyl group from position 3 of styripentol (See (II)) Focusing on cocoon.
- the present invention provides the following invention.
- R a represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom or an alkoxy group which may be substituted with a halogen atom
- R b represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkoxy group or a nitro group which may be substituted with a halogen atom, or may have a substituent together with R c , R d or R g.
- R c represents a hydrogen atom or a carboxyl group, or a group that forms a cyclic structure which may have a substituent together with R b , R e ⁇ R f or R g
- R d represents a hydrogen atom or —X 11 —R 11 , or a group that forms a cyclic structure which may have a substituent together with R b or R g
- X 11 represents an alkylene group, —NH—CO—, —CH 2 —NR 12 —CO— or —S—
- R 11 represents an aryl group which may have a substituent, a carboxyl group, an alkyl group which may be substituted with a halogen atom, or a hydroxyalkyl group
- R 12 represents a hydroxyalkyl group
- R e , R f and R g are (I) all represent hydrogen atoms, (Ii) R e and R f
- X 31 is a single bond and R 31 is an optionally substituted heterocyclic amino group, the single bond is bonded to an atom other than the nitrogen atom of the heterocyclic amino group.
- X 32 represents a single bond or —CH 2 —CO—NH—, R 32 may be substituted with an aryl group which may have a substituent, a heteroaryl group which may have a substituent, a cycloalkyl group which may have a substituent or a halogen atom.
- X 33 and X 34 each independently represents a single bond, an alkylene group, —CH 2 —CO—NH— or —SO 2 —;
- R 33 and R 34 are each independently a hydrogen atom, an aryl group which may have a substituent, a heteroaryl group which may have a substituent, or an cycloalkyl which may have a substituent.
- R 33 and R 34 have a substituent taken together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bonded via X 33 and X 34 is a single bond
- R 35 , R 36 and R 37 each independently represents a hydrogen atom or —X 31 —R 31 , or a substituent formed integrally with R b , R c , R d, or R e ⁇ R f.
- An antiepileptic agent comprising as an active ingredient the inhibitor of lactate dehydrogenase according to any one of [1] to [5].
- Stilipentol is the only “anti-epileptic agent” that has a “lactate dehydrating enzyme inhibitory activity” (Patent Documents 1 and 2).
- isosafrole as an “antiepileptic agent” having a second “lactate dehydrogenase inhibitory action”. This dramatically suppressed refractory epilepsy for which stilipentol was ineffective (medial temporal lobe epilepsy, an adult refractory epilepsy).
- isosafrole and isosafrole derivatives are industrially available as antiepileptic drugs.
- Hippocampal sclerosis model mouse pupae see Examples.
- A Production method of hippocampal sclerosis model mouse.
- B Forms of normal hippocampus (left) and hippocampus (right) with hippocampal sclerosis.
- White arrows indicate the traces of the recording electrodes.
- C Epilepsy waves (yajiri) recorded from hippocampal sclerosis model mice. Effects of stilipentol and isosafrole on epileptic waves in hippocampal sclerosis model mice (see Examples).
- B Chemical structure of isosafrole (B 1 ) and action of isosafrole on epilepsy waves (B 2 ). Although almost no inhibitory action by styripentol is observed, isosafrole exhibits a marked antiepileptic action. Aggregated data on the inhibitory action of sodium oxamate, stilipentol, and isosafrole on epileptic waves in hippocampal sclerosis model mice (see Examples). Inhibitory effect of isosafrole on the enzyme activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH-1, LDH-5) (see Examples). The enzyme activity (control value) in the absence of isosafrole was set to 100%.
- LDH-1, LDH-5 lactate dehydrogenase
- FIG. 6 shows the concentration ( ⁇ M) ⁇ ⁇ that inhibits lactate dehydrogenase and the inhibition rate ⁇ ⁇ (% Inhibition) ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ (see Examples) for the compound having isosafrole in the mother nucleus structure shown in FIG.
- the present invention provides a lactic acid dehydrogenase inhibitor described in the following (1), and a pharmaceutical product described in (2), which contains the same as an active ingredient.
- Antiepileptic agent comprising as an active ingredient the inhibitor of lactate dehydrogenase described in (a) IV.
- isosafrole has a chemical structure in which a 1-propenyl group is attached to the 5-position of 1,3-benzodioxole, which is an aromatic ring.
- the formula (II) representing isosafrole represents a case where all of R a , R b , R c , R d , R e , R f , R g , and R h in the formula (III) are represented by hydrogen atoms. It corresponds to.
- examples of compounds having isosafrole as a mother nucleus structure include, for example, modified propenyl groups and those obtained by attaching functional groups to 1,3-benzodioxole, which is an aromatic ring. It is done. However, it is not particularly limited as long as it is a compound having isosafrole as a mother nucleus structure and has a lactate dehydrogenase inhibitory action, and can be used as an antiepileptic agent.
- Isosafrole and isosafrole analogs are compounds that can be represented by the formula (III). Although some stereoisomers may exist in the compound represented by the formula (III), any stereoisomer is included. In the present invention, a mixture of a plurality of stereoisomers (racemate) is used as an inhibitor of lactate dehydrogenase and as an active ingredient of an antiepileptic agent, but a purified product of any one of the stereoisomers is used. Good. Whether the racemate or each stereoisomer should be used should be determined appropriately by those skilled in the art by examining the effectiveness of each stereoisomer as necessary and taking purification costs into consideration. Can do.
- R a represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom or an alkoxy group (—OR) optionally substituted with a halogen atom.
- halogen atoms include fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br), iodine (I) and the like.
- alkoxy group examples include groups derived from lower alcohols having about 1 to 4 carbon atoms, such as methoxy group (—OCH 3 ) and ethoxy group (—OC 2 H 5 ).
- methoxy group —OCH 3
- ethoxy group —OC 2 H 5
- some or all of the hydrogen atoms may be substituted with halogen atoms, or may not be substituted at all.
- the alkyl group portion in the alkoxy group may be linear or branched.
- R b represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkoxy group optionally substituted with a halogen atom or a nitro group (—NO 2 ), or has a substituent together with R c , R d or R g. Represents a group which forms a cyclic structure which may be formed.
- R c represents a hydrogen atom or a carboxyl group (—COOH), or a group that forms a cyclic structure that may have a substituent together with R b , R e , R f, or R g. .
- the carboxyl group may be in the form of a carboxylate anion (—COO ⁇ ).
- R d represents a hydrogen atom or —X 11 —R 11 , or a group that forms a cyclic structure which may have a substituent together with R b or R g .
- X 11 represents an alkylene group, —NH—CO—, —CH 2 —NR 12 —CO— or —S—.
- alkylene group examples include divalent groups derived from a lower alkyl group having about 1 to 6 carbon atoms, such as a methylene group (—CH 2 —) and an ethylene group (—C 2 H 5 —).
- R 11 represents an aryl group which may have a substituent, a carboxyl group, an alkyl group which may be substituted with a halogen atom, or a hydroxyalkyl group.
- aryl group examples include a phenyl group (—C 6 H 5 ) and a naphthyl group (—C 10 H 9 ).
- substituent of the aryl group examples include a halogen atom, an alkyl group which may be substituted with a halogen atom, an alkoxy group which may be substituted with a halogen atom, a hydroxy group, a thioalkoxy group (—SR), a carboxyl group Group, an aryl group which may have a substituent, a heteroaryl group which may have a substituent, a cycloalkyl group which may have a substituent, and the like.
- the number of substituents and the site where the substituent is introduced are arbitrary, and can be appropriately selected depending on the nature of the substituent.
- alkyl groups include lower alkyl groups having about 1 to 6 carbon atoms, such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, and octyl groups.
- the alkyl group may be linear (n-alkyl group) or branched (i-, sec-, tert-alkyl group).
- some or all of the hydrogen atoms may be substituted with halogen atoms, or may not be substituted at all.
- hydroxyalkyl group examples include groups derived from lower alcohols having about 1 to 4 carbon atoms, such as oxymethyl group (—CH 2 OH) and oxyethyl group (—C 2 H 5 OH).
- the portion of the alkyl group in the hydroxyalkyl group may be linear or branched. The number and position of the hydroxy group in the hydroxyalkyl group are arbitrary.
- R 12 represents a hydroxyalkyl group.
- R 21 represents a hydroxy group or a group that forms a cyclic structure which may have a substituent together with R c or R g .
- R 22 represents a nitro group or an aminocarbonyl group in which two hydrogen atoms bonded to a nitrogen atom may be independently substituted with an alkyl group.
- R g represents a hydrogen atom, —X 31 —R 31 , —O—X 32 —R 32 , —N (—X 33 —R 33 ) (— X 34 —R 34 ), —CR 35 R 36 R 37 To express.
- X 31 represents a single bond, an alkenylene group, —CH 2 —O—CH 2 —CO—NH—, —CH 2 —O—CH 2 —CO— or —CO—.
- alkenylene groups include 1-propenylene group (—CH ⁇ CH—CH 2 —), 2-propenylene group (—CH—CH ⁇ CH 2 —) and the like, and lower alkenyl groups having about 2 to 6 carbon atoms. Examples thereof include a derived divalent group. The number and position of carbon-carbon double bonds are arbitrary.
- R 31 may have an aryl group which may have a substituent, a heteroaryl group which may have a substituent, a cycloalkyl group which may have a substituent, or a substituent. It represents a good heterocyclic amino group, a hydroxy group, an alkoxy group optionally substituted with a halogen atom, or a hydroxyalkyl group. However, when X 31 is a single bond and R 31 is an optionally substituted heterocyclic amino group, the single bond is bonded to an atom other than the nitrogen atom of the heterocyclic amino group.
- heteroaryl groups include pyridyl group (—C 5 H 5 N), pyrazinyl group (—C 4 H 3 N 2 ), triazinyl group (—C 3 H 2 N 3 ), tetrazinyl group (—C 2 HN). 4 ), pyrrolyl group (—C 4 H 4 N), thienyl group (—C 4 H 3 S), furanyl group (—C 4 H 3 O), 1,3-benzodioxole group, compound No. 26 And a group that Compound No. 34 has.
- a substituent which a heteroaryl group has the number and position, it can say that it is the same as the substituent which the aryl group has.
- Examples of the cycloalkyl group include those having about 1 to 6 carbon atoms such as cyclopropyl group, cyclobutyl group, cyclopentyl group, and cyclohexyl group.
- the examples, number, and position of the substituent that the cycloalkyl group has are the same as the substituent that the aryl group has.
- heterocyclic amino group examples include pyrrolidinyl group (—C 4 H 8 N), piperidinyl group (—C 5 H 10 N), piperazinyl group (—C 4 H 9 N 2 ), and compound No. 70. Group (see FIGS. 6-10).
- substituents that the heterocyclic amino group may have the number and position thereof can be the same as those of the aryl group described above.
- substituent include a phenyl group which may have a substituent (such as a halogen atom or a halogenated alkyl group).
- X 32 represents a single bond or —CH 2 —CO—NH—.
- R 32 may be substituted with an aryl group which may have a substituent, a heteroaryl group which may have a substituent, a cycloalkyl group which may have a substituent or a halogen atom. Represents a good alkyl group.
- X 33 and X 34 each independently represents a single bond, an alkylene group, —CH 2 —CO—NH— or —SO 2 —.
- R 33 and R 34 are each independently a hydrogen atom, an aryl group which may have a substituent, a heteroaryl group which may have a substituent, or an cycloalkyl which may have a substituent.
- alkynyl group examples include lower alkynyl groups having about 2 to 6 carbon atoms such as 2,3-propynyl group (—CH 2 —C ⁇ CH).
- the number and position of carbon-carbon triple bonds are arbitrary.
- R g represented by —N (—X 33 —R 33 ) (— X 34 —R 34 ) forms a cyclic structure together with R b , R c , R d, or Re ⁇ R f.
- one of —X 33 —R 33 or —X 34 —R 34 is linked to R b , R c , R d or R e ⁇ R f to form a cyclic structure and the other (particularly hydrogen
- the form other than the atom may correspond to a substituent bonded to N contained in the cyclic structure (see Compound No. 57: FIG. 6-8 and Compound No. 91: FIG. 6-13).
- -X 33 -R 33 and -X 34 -R 34 may be combined with R b , R c , R d or R e ⁇ R f to form a cyclic structure ( Compound No. 55: See FIGS. 6-7, including double bonds derived from R 33 and R 34 ).
- R 35 , R 36 and R 37 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or —X 31 —R 31 , or have a substituent together with R b , R c , R d or R e ⁇ R f. Represents a group which forms a cyclic structure which may be formed.
- R g represented by —CR 35 R 36 R 37 represents a group which forms a cyclic structure together with R b , R c , R d or R e ⁇ R f , R 35 , R 36 and One or two selected from R 37 are linked to R b , R c , R d or R e ⁇ R f to form a cyclic structure, and the remaining groups (particularly other than hydrogen atoms) are C contained in the cyclic structure.
- Compound No. 54 see FIG. 6-7, including a double bond derived from R 35 and R 36 and a substituent derived from R 37
- Compounds No. 59 and 60 see FIGS.
- R g represented by —CR 35 R 36 R 37 is a group which forms a cyclic structure such as a condensed ring together with R b , R c , R d or R e ⁇ R f.
- one or two members selected from R 35 , R 36 and R 37 are linked to R b , R c , R d or R e ⁇ R f as described above, and a part of the cyclic structure (of the condensed ring) And the remaining group may be linked to one of the atoms forming the skeleton of the cyclic structure to form a further part of the cyclic structure (the other of the condensed ring) (compound no. 61-65: See Fig. 6-9).
- R h represents a hydrogen atom or a halogen atom.
- R d is It represents a hydrogen atom or —X 11 —R 11 (a group that forms a cyclic structure together with R b is not represented).
- R g is a hydrogen atom
- R e and R f are also limited to hydrogen atoms. That is, the definition that R g is a hydrogen atom is intended to include isosafrole and derivatives thereof in which all of R e , R f, and R g are hydrogen atoms in the compound represented by formula (III).
- the compound represented by the formula (III) does not include styripentol in which R e is a hydroxy group, R f is an alkyl group (t-butyl group), and R g is a hydrogen atom.
- the compound represented by the formula (III) include the compounds (Nos. 1 to 94) listed in FIGS. 6-1 to 6-13.
- compounds having a predetermined cyclic structure (ring bc, ring bd, ring bg, ring cef, ring cg, ring dg or ring efg) are Nos. 44 to 94 (see the following correspondence table), and the ring structure Compounds having no are No. 1 to 43.
- Any one of compounds Nos. 1 to 94 and other compounds represented by the formula (III) can be obtained by a person skilled in the art or synthesized according to a known technique.
- isosafrole which is close to the original structure of isosafrole, wherein all of R e , R f , and R g are hydrogen atoms, and R c and R d are also hydrogen atoms. Or its analog is mentioned. That is, the 3-position carbon atom of the propenyl group in formula (III), and the 1- and 2-position carbon atoms are not modified, and only the 1,3-benzodioxole portion is modified. Good compounds (R a , R b and R h may be other than a hydrogen atom) are preferred.
- R e and R f taken together represent ⁇ O, ⁇ NR 21 or ⁇ CR 21 R 22
- R g represents —X 31 —R 31 , —O
- Embodiments representing —X 32 —R 32 , —N (—X 33 —R 33 ) (— X 34 —R 34 ) or —CR 35 R 36 R 37 are preferred, among which many compounds belong.
- Particularly preferred are embodiments in which R e and R f together represent ⁇ O.
- Specific examples of such isosafrole analogs are isosafrole and compounds Nos. 1-44.
- R b and R c form a cyclic structure
- the formula (III) can also be described as the following formula (III-bc).
- the carbon atom on 1,3-benzodioxole to which R b was originally bonded and the carbon atom on the propenyl group to which R c was originally bonded are connected by dotted lines.
- R bc represents a group in which R b and R c together form a cyclic structure (ring bc) which may have a substituent, and other symbols are defined by the formula (III) ).
- R b and R d form a cyclic structure
- the formula (III) can also be described as the following formula (III-bd).
- the carbon atom on 1,3-benzodioxole to which R b was originally bonded and the carbon atom on the propenyl group to which R d was originally bonded are connected by dotted lines.
- R bd represents a group in which R b and R d together form a cyclic structure (ring bd) which may have a substituent, and other symbols are defined by the formula (III ).
- R b and R g form a cyclic structure
- the formula (III) can also be described as the following formula (III-bg).
- the carbon atom on 1,3-benzodioxole, to which R b was originally bonded, and the carbon atom on the propenyl group, to which R g was originally bonded, are connected by dotted lines.
- R bg represents a group in which R b and R g together form a cyclic structure (ring bg) which may have a substituent, and other symbols are defined by the formula (III ).
- the formula (III) can also be described as the following formula (III-cef).
- the group R cef bonded to each of the carbon atoms on the propenyl group to which R c and R g were originally bound is represented by R c and R e ⁇ R f as a unit.
- R c and R e ⁇ R f Represents a group that forms a cyclic structure (ring cef) that may have a substituent, and the definitions of the other symbols are the same as in formula (III).
- the formula (III) can also be described as the following formula (III-cg).
- the group R cg bonded to each of the carbon atoms on the propenyl group to which R c and R g were originally bonded is substituted with R c and R g together.
- the group which forms the cyclic structure (ring cg) which may have a group is represented, and the definitions of other symbols are the same as in formula (III).
- the formula (III) can also be described as the following formula (III-dg).
- the group R dg bonded to each of the carbon atoms on the propenyl group to which R d and R g were originally bonded is substituted by R d and R g together.
- the group which forms the cyclic structure (ring dg) which may have a group is represented, and the definitions of other symbols are the same as in formula (III).
- the formula (III) can also be described as the following formula (III-efg).
- a group R efg bonded to the same carbon atom on the propenyl group to which R e ⁇ R f and R g were originally bonded is represented by R e ⁇ R f and R g Represents a group forming a cyclic structure (ring efg) which may have a substituent together, and the definitions of the other symbols are the same as in formula (III).
- R bc , R bd , R bg , R cef , R cg , R dg , and R efg form part of the skeleton of ring bc, ring bd, ring bg, ring cef, ring cg, ring dg, and ring efg, respectively.
- the atom to be contained contains at least one carbon atom, nitrogen atom, oxygen atom or sulfur atom.
- Each ring (cyclic structure) is preferably a 5-membered ring, 6-membered ring, 7-membered ring, or a condensed ring thereof (Compound No. 59, 60: FIGS.
- a hydrogen atom or a halogen atom may be bonded to each atom constituting the skeleton of the cyclic structure, or a substituent may be bonded.
- substituent of the cyclic structure include the substituents exemplified as the substituent of the aryl group described above, an oxygen atom or a nitrogen atom bonded by a double bond (Compound Nos. 48-52: FIGS. 6-6 and 6-7).
- Other relatively large substituents for example, the group represented as R 1 of Compound No. 45-47, 58: FIG. 6-6, represented as R 4 of Compound No. 48-52) Groups: FIGS. 6-6 to 6-7, Groups represented in Compound No. 55: FIGS.
- the type of epilepsy targeted by the pharmaceutical product of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is epilepsy.
- it is shown that it has an excellent antiepileptic effect on “inner temporal epilepsy associated with hippocampal sclerosis” which is an intractable epilepsy of adults.
- Drugs are usually prepared as pharmaceutical compositions.
- the pharmaceutical product of the present invention may contain other drugs or functional compounds as required in addition to the active ingredient.
- pharmaceuticals containing other compounds that improve the pharmacokinetics of active ingredients can be considered.
- the dosage form and administration method of the pharmaceutical are not particularly limited, and may be appropriate depending on the use of the pharmaceutical.
- Examples of the administration method include oral preparations and injections. If it is an oral preparation, it can be selected from tablets, capsules, granules, powders, dry syrups and the like.
- a preparation dissolved in an arbitrary diluent such as physiological saline or glucose solution can be considered.
- the pharmaceutical product of the present invention may be administered in an appropriate amount and number of active ingredients, taking into consideration the purpose, age, sex, weight, severity of the disease, route of administration, etc. of the administration subject (patient).
- a person skilled in the art such as a doctor or a pharmacist can determine the dose based on the condition of each patient.
- kainate 0.8 nmol, 40 nL
- a small amount of kainate 0.8 nmol, 40 nL
- a metal electrode 200 ⁇ m diameter
- epileptic EEG recording was implanted near the kainic acid injection site.
- a small plastic U-frame was also attached to the head for head fixation necessary for in vivo electrical measurements. At least 2 weeks after the operation, epilepsy waves in the hippocampus were measured.
- the head was fixed through a U-shaped frame, the epilepsy wave was amplified, measured through a bandpass filter (0.5-30 Hz), and taken into a computer using an AD converter.
- a bandpass filter 0.5-30 Hz
- AD converter Analog to digital converter
- intraperitoneally administer styripentol (300 mg / kg), isosafrole (100-300 mg / kg), sodium oxamate (250-500 mg / kg), or physiological saline, Recorded for 1 hour.
- Sodium oxamate was dissolved in water, and styripentol and isosafrole were dissolved in sodium carboxymethylcellulose (1%) and administered intraperitoneally.
- lactate dehydrogenase Evaluation of inhibition of lactate dehydrogenase by isosafrole (FIG. 4): The activity of lactate dehydrogenase was measured by a general-purpose method based on light absorption of NADH. Lactic acid dehydrogenase is an enzyme that interconverts pyruvate and lactic acid. At that time, NADH and NAD are also interconverted. For lactate dehydrogenase activity from lactic acid to pyruvic acid, lactate (20 mM), NAD (200 ⁇ M) and lactate dehydrogenase were added, and the reaction rate of NADH ⁇ produced was measured.
- lactate dehydrogenase The amount of lactate dehydrogenase is set so that the maximum rates of the two lactate dehydrogenases are almost the same.
- LDH-1 Regarding the activity of lactate ⁇ pyruvate, LDH-1 is 0.0033 units / ml and LDH-5 is 0.01 units / Regarding the activity of ml, pyruvic acid ⁇ lactic acid, LDH-1 was 0.0017 units / ml and LDH-5 was 0.0033 units / ml. ⁇ ⁇
- the inhibitory action of lactate dehydrogenase was examined by adding isosafrole (500 ⁇ M) to these enzyme reaction systems.
- the absorbance at 492 nm in the background was measured with a plate reader (absorbance before the color reaction).
- a plate reader absorbance before the color reaction.
- INT changes color to INT formazan by diaphorase in the presence of NADH
- the absorbance of INT formazan is measured with a plate reader (absorbance after color reaction).
- the value obtained by subtracting the absorbance before the color development reaction from the absorbance after the color development reaction was calculated as “absorbance change value ( ⁇ A)”, and the inhibition rate was calculated from ⁇ A.
- the calculation of inhibition rate (% Inhibition) ⁇ ⁇ is as follows. ⁇ A when the above reaction is performed in the presence of lactate dehydrogenase is ⁇ 0% control value '', ⁇ A when the above reaction is performed in the absence of lactate dehydrogenase is ⁇ 100% control value '' did. Under 0% control condition, low ⁇ A is shown because there is little NADH left by the LDH enzyme reaction. However, under 100% control condition, high ⁇ A is shown because LDH enzyme reaction does not occur. In the presence of a compound having isosafrole in the mother nucleus structure, the same reaction as the 0% control was performed, and the ⁇ A was defined as “ ⁇ A in the presence of the compound”.
- the compound examined has no inhibitory effect on lactate dehydrogenase, it shows a low ⁇ A close to the 0% control value, and if it has an inhibitory effect, it shows a high ⁇ A close to the 100% control value.
- the inhibition rate (%) 100 x ( ⁇ A-0% control value in the presence of compound) / (100% control value-0% control value) ⁇ , and the inhibition rate is 100% ( ⁇ 25%).
- the compounds showing wrinkles are shown in FIGS. 6 and 7 as inhibitors of lactate dehydrogenase.
- the compound ⁇ (No. 1-94, see Fig. 6) ⁇ ⁇ having isosafrole and isosafrole in the mother nucleus structure was obtained from the following. Isosafrole and compound No. 1 were obtained from Tokyo Kasei, compounds No. 2-5 and No. 7-9 were obtained from Sigma, and compound No. 6 was obtained from Bionet.
- Compound No. 10-94 the compound library of the MEXT Drug Discovery Support Technology Platform was used.
- the inhibition rate was calculated at each concentration from 500 ⁇ M to 10 ⁇ M as shown in FIG. For compound No.
- the inhibition rate was calculated at 100, 50, 25, 10 ⁇ , and the minimum concentration at which the inhibition rate was 100 ⁇ 25% and the inhibition rate are shown in FIG.
- the inhibition rate was calculated at 250 ⁇ M or 50 ⁇ M and the concentrations used and the inhibition rates are shown in FIG.
- FIG. 2B 2 The aggregated data regarding these antiepileptic effects is shown in FIG.
- Compound No. 1-44 is a compound in which various substituents are bonded to the 3-position carbon of the 1-propenyl group of isosafrole (FIGS. 6-1 to 6-6). Specifically, the following compounds are included. A carbonyl group is formed at the 3-position of the propenyl group (R e and R f of formula III are ⁇ O), and a substituent containing an aromatic ring is also bonded to the 3-position (R g of formula III is substituted or Compound (including unsubstituted aryl group or heteroaryl group) (No. 1-9, 11-13). Compound (No.
- R 10 is a compound in which the hydroxy group of stylpentol is substituted with a carbonyl group, and one of the carbons of the tertiary butyl group is substituted with a hydroxy group.
- various substituents are bonded in addition to the 5-position of the benzene ring of 1,3-benzodioxole of isosafrole (R a in formula III, R b or R h is other than a hydrogen atom).
- a compound that binds to the quinuclidine structure via the CC bond at the 2nd and 3rd positions of the propenyl group (No. 59, 60).
- a carbonyl group is formed at the 3-position of the propenyl group.
- various substituents are bonded in addition to the 5-position of the benzene ring of 1,3-benzodioxole of isosafrole.
- the C ⁇ CC bond at the 1-position to the 3-position of the 1-propenyl group of isosafrole forms part of the ring structure (R c of formula III and R e ⁇ R f Or a compound in which R c and R g are combined to form a cyclic structure (FIGS. 6-10 to 6-12; No. 69-87), or all or part of the 1-propenyl group of isosafrole
- R b and R c , R b and R d or R b and R g in Formula III are combined to form a cyclic structure
- a compound in which the C CC bond at the 1st to 3rd positions of the propenyl group forms part of an isoxazole structure (No. 69-81) or a compound that forms part of a thiophene structure (No. 82).
- a compound in which the C CC bond at the 1st to 3rd positions of the propenyl group forms part of a bicyclic compound (No. 83-87).
- a tricyclic compound in which nitrogen is bonded to the 3-position of the propenyl group and bonded to the 6-position of 1,3-benzodioxole No. 88-91).
- a tricyclic compound in which sulfur is bonded to the 2-position of the propenyl group and bonded to the 6-position of 1,3-benzodioxole (No. 92).
- a tricyclic compound in which nitrogen is bonded to position 1 of the propenyl group and bonded to position 6 of 1,3-benzodioxole via a carbon chain (No. 93, 94).
- the inhibitory activity of lactate dehydrogenase was observed (FIG. 7).
- isosafrole is an “antiepileptic agent” having “lactate dehydrogenase inhibitory action” and effective for intractable epilepsy to which stilpentol does not work. It has also been clarified that many compounds having isosafrole in the mother nucleus structure have an inhibitory action on lactate dehydrogenase.
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Abstract
Description
式 (III) で表される化合物を含有する乳酸脱水素酵素の阻害剤。
Raは、水素原子、ハロゲン原子またはハロゲン原子で置換されていてもよいアルコキシ基を表し、
Rbは、水素原子、ハロゲン原子、ハロゲン原子で置換されていてもよいアルコキシ基またはニトロ基を表すか、Rc、RdまたはRgと一体となって置換基を有していてもよい環状構造を形成する基を表し、
Rcは、水素原子またはカルボキシル基を表すか、Rb、Re・RfまたはRgと一体となって置換基を有していてもよい環状構造を形成する基を表し、
Rdは、水素原子または-X11-R11を表すか、RbまたはRgと一体となって置換基を有していてもよい環状構造を形成する基を表し、
X11はアルキレン基、-NH-CO-、-CH2-NR12-CO-または-S-を表し、
R11は、置換基を有していてもよいアリール基、カルボキシル基、ハロゲン原子で置換されていてもよいアルキル基、またはヒドロキシアルキル基を表し、
R12は、ヒドロキシアルキル基を表し、
Re、RfおよびRgは、
(i)全てが水素原子を表すか、
(ii)ReおよびRfが一緒になって、=O、=NR21または=CR21R22を表し、Rgは、水素原子、-X31-R31、-O-X32-R32、-N(-X33-R33)(-X34-R34)、-CR35R36R37を表し、
R21はヒドロキシ基を表すか、RcまたはRgと一体となって置換基を有していてもよい環状構造を形成する基を表し、
R22は、ニトロ基、または窒素原子に結合した水素原子がアルキル基で置換されていてもよいアミノカルボニル基を表し、
X31は、単結合、アルケニレン基、-CH2-O-CH2-CO-NH-、-CH2-O-CH2-CO-または-CO-を表し、
R31は、置換基を有していてもよいアリール基、置換基を有していてもよいヘテロアリール基、置換基を有していてもよいシクロアルキル基、置換基を有していてもよい複素環式アミノ基、ヒドロキシ基、ハロゲン原子で置換されていてもよいアルコキシ基、またはヒドロキシアルキル基を表し、
ただし、X31が単結合であり、R31が置換基を有していてもよい複素環式アミノ基である場合は、当該単結合は当該複素環式アミノ基の窒素原子以外の原子と結合しており、
X32は、単結合または-CH2-CO-NH-を表し、
R32は、置換基を有していてもよいアリール基、置換基を有していてもよいヘテロアリール基、置換基を有していてもよいシクロアルキル基またはハロゲン原子で置換されていてもよいアルキル基を表し、
X33およびX34はそれぞれ独立して、単結合、アルキレン基、-CH2-CO-NH-または-SO2-を表し、
R33およびR34はそれぞれ独立して、水素原子、置換基を有していてもよいアリール基、置換基を有していてもよいヘテロアリール基、置換基を有していてもよいシクロアルキル基、ヒドロキシルアルキル基、カルボキシル基、ハロゲン原子で置換されていてもよいアルキル基またはアルキニル基を表すか、Rb、Rc、RdまたはRe・Rfと一体となって置換基を有していてもよい環状構造を形成する基を表すか、R33およびR34はそれらが単結合であるX33およびX34を介して結合している窒素原子と共に一体となって置換基を有していてもよい複素環式アミノ基を表し、
R35、R36およびR37はそれぞれ独立して、水素原子または-X31-R31を表すか、、Rb、Rc、RdまたはRe・Rfと一体となって置換基を有していてもよい環状構造を形成する基を表し、
Rhは、水素原子またはハロゲン原子を表す、
ただし、RbとRcが一体となった環状構造、RbとRdが一体となった環状構造、RbとRgが一体となった環状構造、RcとRe・Rfが一体となった環状構造、RcとRgが一体となった環状構造、RdとRgが一体となった環状構造、Re・RfとRgが一体となった環状構造は、多くとも1つだけしか、式(III)中に形成されない。
前記式(III)で表される化合物が、Rc、Rd、Re、Rf、Rgのすべてが水素原子である化合物である、[1]に記載の乳酸脱水素酵素の阻害剤。
前記式 (III) で表される化合物が、下記式(II)で表されるイソサフロールである、[1]に記載の乳酸脱水素酵素の阻害剤。
前記式(III)で表される化合物が、RbとRcが一体となった前記環状構造、RbとRdが一体となった前記環状構造、RbとRgが一体となった前記環状構造、RcとRe・Rfが一体となった前記環状構造、RcとRgが一体となった前記環状構造、RdとRgが一体となった前記環状構造、およびRe・RfとRgが一体となった前記環状構造のいずれも形成されていない化合物である、[1]に記載の乳酸脱水素酵素の阻害剤。
式(III)で表される化合物が、RbとRcが一体となった前記環状構造、RbとRdが一体となった前記環状構造、RbとRgが一体となった前記環状構造、RcとRe・Rfが一体となった前記環状構造、RcとRgが一体となった前記環状構造、RdとRgが一体となった前記環状構造、およびRe・RfとRgが一体となった前記環状構造のいずれか一つが形成されている化合物である、[1]に記載の乳酸脱水素酵素の阻害剤。
[1]~[5]のいずれか一項に記載の乳酸脱水素酵素の阻害剤を有効成分とする抗てんかん剤。
ただし、X31が単結合であり、R31が置換基を有していてもよい複素環式アミノ基である場合は、当該単結合は当該複素環式アミノ基の窒素原子以外の原子と結合している(この規定は、-X31-R31が、後述するような「R33およびR34はそれらが単結合であるX33およびX34を介して結合している窒素原子と共に一体となって置換基を有していてもよい複素環式アミノ基を表す」場合の-N(-X33-R33)(-X34-R34)と重複することを避けるためのものである)。
海馬硬化症モデルマウスの作製と測定 (図1~図3):海馬硬化症モデルマウスの作製は、過去の文献に従って行った (非特許文献15)。6-7週令のICRマウスを実験に用いた。マウスをケタミン (100 mg/kg) とキシラジン (20 mg/kg) 混合液によって十分に麻酔をかけた後、脳定位固定装置にセットした。頭部の海馬上方から微小ガラス電極とハミルトンシリンジを用いて、てんかん誘発のために微量のカイニン酸 (0.8 nmol, 40 nL) を背側海馬(ブレグマの後方に 1.6 mm, 中心線から側方に 1.6 mm, 脳表面から深さ 1.4 mm)に注入し、次にてんかん脳波記録のための金属電極(200 μm径)をカイニン酸注入部位付近に埋め込んだ。さらに、in vivo 電気測定に必要な頭部固定のために、小型のプラスチック製U字枠も頭部に取り付けた。手術から2週間以上経過後、海馬におけるてんかん波を測定した。頭部は、U字枠を介して固定し、てんかん波は増幅され、バンドパスフィルター (0.5-30 Hz) を介して測定し、ADコンバータを用いてコンピュータに取り込んだ。ベースライン脳波を30分間測定後、スチリペントール (300 mg/kg)、イソサフロール (100-300 mg/kg)、オキサミド酸ナトリウム (250-500 mg/kg)、もしくは生理食塩水を腹腔内投与し、1時間記録した。オキサミド酸ナトリウムは水に溶かし、スチリペントールとイソサフロールはカルボキシルメチルセルロースナトリウム (1%) に溶かして腹腔内投与した。データ解析において、0.5 mV 以上の振幅を持つ高振幅のてんかん波を投与前30分間と投与後30分間でそれぞれカウントし、投与前のてんかん波の数で規格化することにより薬効を評価した。海馬硬化症による形態変化の観察では、脳を 300 μmでスライスした後、10% ホルマリンで固定し、0.05% のクレシルバイオレットで染色した。
海馬硬化症を伴う内側側頭葉てんかんは、成人の代表的な難治性てんかん (既存の薬が効かないてんかん) である。まず、過去の文献 (非特許文献15) に従い、微量のカイニン酸を海馬に投与し、海馬硬化症モデルマウスを作製した (図1A)。カイニン酸投与から2週間以上経つと、海馬では形態的変化が観察され、ピラミダル神経細胞層は細くなり (図1B; CA1)、歯状回領域は肥大化した (図1B; DG)。これは、既に報告されている海馬硬化症モデルマウスと同じ所見であり (非特許文献15)、ヒト海馬硬化症で見られる症状に類似している (非特許文献16)。また、その海馬から記録を行うと、自発的に生じる高振幅のてんかん波が観察された (図1C; 矢尻)。すなわち、この海馬硬化症モデルマウスは、従来研究での報告通り慢性てんかんモデルである。
Claims (6)
- 式 (III) で表される化合物を含有する乳酸脱水素酵素の阻害剤。
Raは、水素原子、ハロゲン原子またはハロゲン原子で置換されていてもよいアルコキシ基を表し、
Rbは、水素原子、ハロゲン原子、ハロゲン原子で置換されていてもよいアルコキシ基またはニトロ基を表すか、Rc、RdまたはRgと一体となって置換基を有していてもよい環状構造を形成する基を表し、
Rcは、水素原子またはカルボキシル基を表すか、Rb、Re・RfまたはRgと一体となって置換基を有していてもよい環状構造を形成する基を表し、
Rdは、水素原子または-X11-R11を表すか、RbまたはRgと一体となって置換基を有していてもよい環状構造を形成する基を表し、
X11はアルキレン基、-NH-CO-、-CH2-NR12-CO-または-S-を表し、
R11は、置換基を有していてもよいアリール基、カルボキシル基、ハロゲン原子で置換されていてもよいアルキル基、またはヒドロキシアルキル基を表し、
R12は、ヒドロキシアルキル基を表し、
Re、RfおよびRgは、
(i)全てが水素原子を表すか、
(ii)ReおよびRfが一緒になって、=O、=NR21または=CR21R22を表し、Rgが、-X31-R31、-O-X32-R32、-N(-X33-R33)(-X34-R34)または-CR35R36R37を表し、
R21はヒドロキシ基を表すか、RcまたはRgと一体となって置換基を有していてもよい環状構造を形成する基を表し、
R22は、ニトロ基、または窒素原子に結合した水素原子がアルキル基で置換されていてもよいアミノカルボニル基を表し、
X31は、単結合、アルケニレン基、-CH2-O-CH2-CO-NH-、-CH2-O-CH2-CO-または-CO-を表し、
R31は、置換基を有していてもよいアリール基、置換基を有していてもよいヘテロアリール基、置換基を有していてもよいシクロアルキル基、置換基を有していてもよい複素環式アミノ基、ヒドロキシ基、ハロゲン原子で置換されていてもよいアルコキシ基、またはヒドロキシアルキル基を表し、
ただし、X31が単結合であり、R31が置換基を有していてもよい複素環式アミノ基である場合は、当該単結合は当該複素環式アミノ基の窒素原子以外の原子と結合しており、
X32は、単結合または-CH2-CO-NH-を表し、
R32は、置換基を有していてもよいアリール基、置換基を有していてもよいヘテロアリール基、置換基を有していてもよいシクロアルキル基またはハロゲン原子で置換されていてもよいアルキル基を表し、
X33およびX34はそれぞれ独立して、単結合、アルキレン基、-CH2-CO-NH-または-SO2-を表し、
R33およびR34はそれぞれ独立して、水素原子、置換基を有していてもよいアリール基、置換基を有していてもよいヘテロアリール基、置換基を有していてもよいシクロアルキル基、ヒドロキシルアルキル基、カルボキシル基、ハロゲン原子で置換されていてもよいアルキル基またはアルキニル基を表すか、Rb、Rc、RdまたはRe・Rfと一体となって置換基を有していてもよい環状構造を形成する基を表すか、R33およびR34はそれらが単結合であるX33およびX34を介して結合している窒素原子と共に一体となって置換基を有していてもよい複素環式アミノ基を表し、
R35、R36およびR37はそれぞれ独立して、水素原子または-X31-R31を表すか、、Rb、Rc、RdまたはRe・Rfと一体となって置換基を有していてもよい環状構造を形成する基を表し、
Rhは、水素原子またはハロゲン原子を表す。
ただし、RbとRcが一体となった環状構造、RbとRdが一体となった環状構造、RbとRgが一体となった環状構造、RcとRe・Rfが一体となった環状構造、RcとRgが一体となった環状構造、RdとRgが一体となった環状構造、Re・RfとRgが一体となった環状構造は、多くとも1つだけしか、式(III)中に形成されない。 - 前記式(III)で表される化合物が、Rc、Rd、Re、Rf、Rgのすべてが水素原子である化合物である、請求項1に記載の乳酸脱水素酵素の阻害剤。
- 前記式(III)で表される化合物が、RbとRcが一体となった前記環状構造、RbとRdが一体となった前記環状構造、RbとRgが一体となった前記環状構造、RcとRe・Rfが一体となった前記環状構造、RcとRgが一体となった前記環状構造、RdとRgが一体となった前記環状構造、およびRe・RfとRgが一体となった前記環状構造のいずれも形成されていない化合物である、請求項1に記載の乳酸脱水素酵素の阻害剤。
- 式(III)で表される化合物が、RbとRcが一体となった前記環状構造、RbとRdが一体となった前記環状構造、RbとRgが一体となった前記環状構造、RcとRe・Rfが一体となった前記環状構造、RcとRgが一体となった前記環状構造、RdとRgが一体となった前記環状構造、およびRe・RfとRgが一体となった前記環状構造のいずれか一つが形成されている化合物である、請求項1に記載の乳酸脱水素酵素の阻害剤。
- 請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の乳酸脱水素酵素の阻害剤を有効成分とする抗てんかん剤。
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