WO2016129227A1 - 蓄電池制御装置、蓄電システム - Google Patents
蓄電池制御装置、蓄電システム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016129227A1 WO2016129227A1 PCT/JP2016/000459 JP2016000459W WO2016129227A1 WO 2016129227 A1 WO2016129227 A1 WO 2016129227A1 JP 2016000459 W JP2016000459 W JP 2016000459W WO 2016129227 A1 WO2016129227 A1 WO 2016129227A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a storage battery control device that controls the output of a power storage device, and a power storage system including the storage battery control device.
- a power storage system including a power storage device, a power converter, and a controller has been proposed (see Document 1 [Japanese Patent No. 5392357]).
- the power converter converts AC power into DC power when charging the power storage device, and converts DC power into AC power when discharging from the power storage device.
- the controller also controls the operation of the power converter.
- Document 1 aims to discharge a power storage device by a control method suitable for the power situation of a house and extend the life of the power storage device when a power generation device including a solar cell and a power storage device coexist.
- a technique for controlling a power converter is described.
- the controller executes current control when the voltage of the lead-in line is smaller than the threshold voltage, and executes voltage control when the voltage of the lead-in line is larger than the threshold value. Controls the operation of the power converter.
- the power storage system described in Document 1 performs current control when discharging from the power storage device, and the discharge current is determined such that the power energy accumulated in the power storage device is used up in the discharge time zone. As a result, the power storage system described in Document 1 is intended to extend the life of the power storage device. However, Document 1 does not specifically describe a technique for controlling the discharge current in order to use up the power energy accumulated in the power storage device.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a storage battery control device that increases the amount of electric power that can be extracted from the power storage device, and further to provide a power storage system that uses this storage battery control device.
- the storage battery control device includes an input unit, an output unit, and a processing unit.
- the input unit receives a voltage value output from the power storage device.
- the output unit gives an operation instruction to a power converter that converts DC power output from the power storage device into AC power.
- the processing unit determines the instruction to be given to the power conversion device so as to adjust a value of a current output from the power storage device.
- the power converter is connected so as to be linked to a power system.
- the processing unit When the value of the voltage received by the input unit decreases to a predetermined lower limit value while the value of the current is maintained at a constant current, the processing unit thereafter causes the power conversion device to The instruction is given to the power converter through the output unit so as to reduce the current within a range where the output can be continued.
- the power storage system includes a power storage device, a power conversion device, and a storage battery control device.
- the power conversion device converts direct current power of the power storage device into alternating current power and is connected to an electric power system.
- the storage battery control device receives the value of the voltage output from the power storage device, and gives an operation instruction to the power conversion device so as to adjust the value of the current output from the power storage device.
- the power converter continues to output the AC power thereafter.
- the instruction is given to the power converter so as to reduce the current as much as possible.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a power storage system according to an embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is an operation explanatory diagram of the power storage system of the embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is an operation explanatory diagram of a power storage system of a comparative example.
- the power storage system described below is configured to perform grid connection with the power system 5, and includes a power storage device 2, a power conversion device 3, a management device 4, and a storage battery control device 10.
- the “storage battery control device” is simply referred to as “control device”.
- Management device 4 serves as a transmission path for transmitting an output value of monitor unit 23 (described later) of power storage device 2 to and from control device 10.
- the management device 4 functions as a protection device that stops the operations of the power storage device 2 and the power conversion device 3 when an abnormality occurs in the power storage device 2. That is, since the management device 4 does not function at all times, it is not an essential component in the present embodiment.
- a solid line connected to the component represents a power supply system
- a broken line connected to the component represents a signal system (information system).
- the power storage device 2 of the present embodiment has a configuration in which a plurality of battery modules 20 are provided in a housing 22, and has a capacity (for example, 10 kWh) that can be used in a house, a small store, or a small office. Have.
- Each of the plurality of battery modules 20 includes one or a plurality of storage batteries 21.
- the storage battery 21 is assumed to be a lithium ion battery, but does not prevent other storage batteries such as lead storage batteries from being used.
- the battery module 20 includes a monitor unit 23 that monitors the terminal voltage (output voltage) and output current of the battery module 20 and the temperature of the battery module 20.
- the monitor unit 23 has a function of transmitting the measured voltage value, current value, temperature value, and the like as an output value.
- the output value of the monitor unit 23 is assumed to be a digital value, but an analog value can also be used.
- the power conversion device 3 has a function of performing power conversion bidirectionally between the power storage device 2 and the power system 5. That is, the power conversion device 3 converts the DC power of the power storage device 2 into AC power, and supplies this AC power to the load 51 together with the AC power supplied from the power system 5. Further, the power conversion device 3 converts AC power supplied from the power system 5 into DC power, and charges the power storage device 2 with this DC power. As described above, the power storage device 2 performs charging and discharging. Hereinafter, the operation of discharging the power storage device 2 (that is, supplying power to the load 51) will be described.
- the power conversion device 3 includes a circuit that adjusts the DC voltage output from the power storage device 2 and a circuit that converts DC power to AC power. These circuits are a kind of switching power supply, and the power conversion device 3 limits the input current from the power storage device 2 by controlling the ON / OFF timing of the switching element, Adjust the output current. Since the power system 5 is connected to the AC-side terminal of the power conversion device 3, the frequency and phase of the AC power output from the power conversion device 3 are equal to those of the power system 5 when the power storage device 2 is discharged. Adjusted. Further, the voltage value of the terminal on the AC side of the power converter 3 is equal to that of the power system 5.
- the value of the output voltage of the power conversion device 3 is equal to the voltage value of the power system 5 if the power system 5 is normal without a power failure.
- Control device 10 receives a voltage value output from power storage device 2 through management device 4, and gives an instruction regarding the operation of power conversion device 3 based on the voltage value.
- the management device 4 detects an abnormality in the battery module 20 based on the output value of the monitor unit 23, the management device 4 stops the operation of the power storage device 2 and the power conversion device 3.
- the control apparatus 10 assumes the structure accommodated in the housing
- the control device 10 includes an input unit 11, an output unit 12, and a processing unit 13.
- the input unit 11 receives the voltage value measured by the monitor unit 23 through the management device 4.
- the output unit 12 gives an operation instruction to the power storage device 2 and the power conversion device 3.
- Processing unit 13 uses the voltage value received by input unit 11 from monitor unit 23 to determine the content of the instruction given to power conversion device 3 so as to adjust the value of the current output from power storage device 2. The contents of the instruction by the processing unit 13 are determined as follows.
- the value of the voltage output from the power storage device 2 decreases as the remaining capacity of the battery module 20 decreases.
- the value of the voltage output from the power storage device 2 may be considered to coincide with the value of the terminal voltage of the battery module 20 at normal times. In other words, the output value of the monitor unit 23 received by the input unit 11 can be used as the value of the voltage output by the power storage device 2.
- Control device 10 instructs power conversion device 3 to keep the value of the current output from power storage device 2 at a constant value during normal operation. That is, the processing unit 13 gives an instruction to the power conversion device 3 according to the fluctuation of the voltage value measured by the monitor unit 23 so as to keep the current output from the power storage device 2 at a constant current when the power storage device 2 is discharged. Change the contents of. As indicated by the alternate long and short dash line (characteristic ix) in FIG. 2, the current output from the power storage device 2 is maintained at a constant value at the normal time until time t1. During this period, the processing unit 13 operates the power conversion device 3 so that the input impedance of the power conversion device 3 that is the external impedance of the power storage device 2 decreases as the voltage value measured by the monitor unit 23 decreases. To change.
- the processing unit 13 instructs the power conversion device 3 to reduce the output current of the power storage device 2. That is, when the voltage value monitored by the monitor unit 23 reaches the lower limit value Vi, the processing unit 13 instructs the power conversion device 3 to increase the input impedance.
- the processing unit 13 determines the content of the instruction so as to reduce the current output from the power storage device 2 within a range in which the power conversion device 3 can continue outputting AC power.
- the lower limit value Vi is appropriately set according to the type of the battery module 20, the conditions for using the power storage device 2, and the like. For example, when charging and discharging are repeated so that the remaining capacity is kept in the range of about 40 to 70% in order to suppress deterioration of the battery module 20, the lower limit value Vi is set to be relatively high. For the purpose of reducing the amount of power received from the power system in order to respond to a power saving request or the like, the lower limit value Vi is set to be relatively low.
- the processing unit 13 gives an instruction to the power conversion device 3 so that the value of the output current of the power storage device 2 decreases with time. .
- the processing unit 13 is relatively The current value is reduced with a large slope ⁇ 1. Thereafter, when the voltage value reaches the reference value Vb, the processing unit 13 reduces the current value with a relatively small gradient ⁇ 2. That is, when the current value up to time t1 is ia and the elapsed time from time t1 is represented by t, the current value is ⁇ 1 ⁇ t + ia during the period of voltage value Vi to Vb.
- the current value after time t2 is expressed as ⁇ 2 ⁇ ⁇ t ⁇ (t2 ⁇ t1) ⁇ + ⁇ 1 ⁇ (t2 ⁇ t1) + ia ⁇ .
- the inclination ⁇ 1 is set, for example, in the range of about ⁇ 2 to ⁇ 5
- the inclination ⁇ 2 is set, for example, in the range of about 0 to ⁇ 0.5.
- the processing unit 13 repeats the same operation when the voltage value monitored by the monitoring unit 23 reaches the lower limit Vi again. However, a limiting condition is set for repetition. The limiting conditions will be described later.
- the reference value Vb is obtained when the output current (characteristic ix) of the power storage device 2 is stopped when the voltage value (characteristic vx) monitored by the monitor unit 23 reaches the lower limit value Vi. It is set based on the maximum voltage value Vmax (> Vi) monitored by the monitor unit 23.
- the reference value Vb is set to n ⁇ (Vmax ⁇ Vi) + Vi. n is determined in the range of about 0.2 to 0.4.
- the reference value Vb can be determined as appropriate, and the above-described formula is an example.
- the reference value Vb may be matched with the lower limit value Vi.
- the value of the output current of the power storage device 2 is set so that the voltage value monitored by the monitor unit 23 is maintained in a predetermined range (for example, a range between the lower limit value Vi and the reference value Vb) equal to or higher than the lower limit value Vi. You just have to decide.
- the processing unit 13 has a minimum value Imin for the output current.
- the minimum value Imin is set to 0.5 A, for example.
- the processing unit 13 is configured such that the power storage device 2 and the power conversion device at the time when the voltage value monitored by the monitor unit 23 is reduced to the lower limit value Vi (for example, time t3 in FIG. 2). The operation with 3 is stopped. That is, the minimum value Imin relating to the output current is the above-described repeated limiting condition.
- the processing unit 13 decreases the output current of the power storage device 2, and when the value of the output current decreases to the minimum value Imin, Next, when the voltage value reaches the lower limit Vi, discharging of the power storage device 2 is stopped.
- the elapsed time after the output current value reaches the minimum value Imin can be used. It is.
- the voltage value included in the condition for stopping the discharge of the power storage device 2 is not limited to the reference value Vb as long as the voltage value is larger than the lower limit value Vi.
- the condition for stopping the discharge of the power storage device 2 is determined for the elapsed time after the terminal voltage of the battery module 20 or the output current of the power storage device 2 reaches the minimum value Imin.
- other conditions may be sufficient as the conditions which stop discharge of the electrical storage apparatus 2.
- FIG. For example, in a state in which the value of the output current of the power storage device 2 is kept constant, the power is stored in the elapsed time from the time (time t1) when the terminal voltage of the battery module 20 monitored by the monitor unit 23 decreases to the lower limit Vi. It is possible to determine the timing for stopping the discharge of the device 2. Further, discharging of power storage device 2 may be stopped when the value of the output current of power storage device 2 reaches minimum value Imin.
- the current is set to a predetermined slope.
- the terminal voltage of the battery module 20 is increased. Two kinds of slopes for reducing the current are alternately selected, and the larger slope is adopted during the period when the terminal voltage of the battery module 20 rises to the reference value Vb, and the terminal voltage reaches the reference value Vb. The smaller slope is then adopted.
- control device 10 stops the operation of the power conversion device 3 as in the above-described operation example, the remaining capacity of the battery module 20 in the power storage device 2 is reduced, so the power from the power storage device 2 is reduced. It cannot be used continuously. Therefore, the control device 10 is configured to be able to operate the power conversion device 3 after confirming that the remaining capacity of the battery module 20 has been recovered. For example, the control device 10 is configured to allow the power storage device 2 to discharge if the terminal voltage of the battery module 20 monitored by the monitor unit 23 is equal to or higher than a predetermined determination value.
- the stored charge can be used effectively.
- the amount of power received from the power system 5 is reduced by using the power stored in the power storage device 2 when power saving is requested.
- the operation time of the load 51 may be shortened.
- the period during which 2 can be discharged can be extended. For example, when power saving is requested, the period during which power can be supplied from the power storage device 2 to the load 51 is extended. Therefore, for the user of the load 51, the amount of power received from the power system 5 can be reduced, The disadvantage can be reduced.
- the terminal voltage of the battery module 20 monitored by the monitor unit 23 is used, but SOC (State Of Of Charge) can be used.
- SOC State Of Of Charge
- the discharge characteristics of the battery module 20 change depending on the temperature of the battery module 20, when the control device 10 instructs the operation of the power conversion device 3, the content of the instruction is taken into account the temperature monitored by the monitor unit 23. It may be changed.
- the control device 10 gives an instruction to the power conversion device 3 based on the terminal voltage of the battery module 20 monitored by the monitor unit 23.
- the power converter device 3 may be configured to monitor the output voltage of the power storage device 2 and to give an instruction to the power converter device 3 based on the output voltage. For example, when the electric wire connecting the power storage device 2 and the power conversion device 3 is relatively long, the voltage drop due to the wire becomes relatively large. Therefore, this voltage drop is combined with the voltage drop due to the internal resistance of the battery module 20. It is necessary to consider. If the output voltage of the power storage device 2 is monitored in the power conversion device 3, a voltage value obtained by subtracting the voltage drop due to the electric wire can be obtained. Therefore, rather than using the voltage value monitored by the monitor unit 23 provided in the battery module 20, it is possible to accurately instruct the power conversion device 3.
- control apparatus 10 can be realized using an electronic circuit in which individual electronic components are connected, but can also be configured using a device including a processor that operates according to a program.
- This type of device may be a microcomputer (micro controller), which is a device integrally including a processor and a semiconductor memory, as well as an MPU (micro processing unit) that requires a semiconductor memory as a separate component.
- the program may be written in advance in a ROM (Read Only Memory) built in the control apparatus 10, or may be provided through an electric communication line such as the Internet or a mobile communication network.
- the program may be provided using a computer-readable recording medium (optical disk, semiconductor memory) or the like.
- the storage battery control device 10 includes an input unit 11, an output unit 12, and a processing unit 13.
- the input unit 11 receives the value of the voltage output from the power storage device 2, and the output unit 12 gives an operation instruction to the power conversion device 3 that converts DC power output from the power storage device 2 into AC power.
- Processing unit 13 determines an instruction to be given to power conversion device 3 so as to adjust the value of the current output from power storage device 2.
- the power converter 3 is connected so as to be linked to the power system 5.
- the processing unit 13 When the value of the voltage received by the input unit 11 decreases to a predetermined lower limit value Vi while the current value output from the power storage device 2 is maintained at a constant current, the processing unit 13 thereafter An instruction is given to the power conversion device 3 through the output unit 12 so as to reduce the output current.
- the current output from the power storage device 2 is reduced within a range in which the power conversion device 3 can continue outputting AC power.
- the power of the power storage device 2 that could not be used due to a voltage drop due to the internal impedance of the power storage device 2, the impedance of the electric wire connecting the power storage device 2 and the power conversion device 3, or the like can be used.
- the voltage output from the power storage device 2 decreases to the lower limit value Vi, then the power of the power storage device 2 cannot be extracted unless the power storage device 2 is charged.
- the current extracted from the power storage device 2 is reduced, so that power is continuously extracted from the power storage device 2. Is possible.
- the amount of power that can be supplied from power storage device 2 is increased as compared to the case where a constant current is output from power storage device 2.
- an increase in the amount of power that can be extracted from the power storage device 2 by controlling the power conversion device 3 so that power can be extracted from the power storage device 2 even after the voltage value output from the power storage device 2 has decreased to the lower limit value Vi. Can be achieved.
- the processing unit 13 reduces the current output from the power storage device 2 within a range in which the power conversion device 3 can continue outputting AC power. In the period, an instruction is given to the power conversion device 3 so as to decrease the value of the current with time.
- the current extracted from the power storage device 2 is reduced. It is possible to increase.
- the processing unit 13 outputs the current output from the power storage device 2 within a range in which the power conversion device 3 can continue outputting AC power.
- the value of the current is determined such that the voltage value received by the input unit 11 is maintained within a predetermined range equal to or higher than the lower limit value Vi.
- the current extracted from the power storage device 2 is adjusted so that the value of the voltage received by the input unit 11 can be maintained near the lower limit Vi, and the period during which power can be extracted from the power storage device 2 is relatively long. It becomes possible to stretch.
- the processing unit 13 is configured such that the value of the current output from the power storage device 2 is a predetermined minimum value Imin. When a predetermined holding time elapses from the point of time when the power reaches the value, the discharge of the power storage device 2 is stopped.
- the discharge of the power storage device 2 is stopped after the holding time has elapsed. Can be prevented.
- the processing unit 13 determines that the value of the current output from the power storage device 2 is a predetermined minimum value Imin. When the value of the voltage received by the input unit 11 decreases to the lower limit value Vi after reaching the value, discharging of the power storage device 2 is stopped.
- the remaining capacity of the power storage device 2 when the discharge of the power storage device 2 is stopped can be managed with relatively high accuracy. For example, when the remaining capacity affects the degree of deterioration of the power storage device 2, it is easy to avoid a situation where the power storage device 2 deteriorates more than expected.
- a power storage system includes a power storage device 2, a power conversion device 3, and a storage battery control device 10.
- the power conversion device 3 converts the DC power of the power storage device 2 into AC power and is connected to the power system 5.
- the storage battery control device 10 receives the value of the voltage output from the power storage device 2 and gives an operation instruction to the power conversion device 3 so as to adjust the value of the current output from the power storage device 2.
- the storage battery control device 10 thereafter processes the current output from the power storage device 2
- An instruction is given to the power conversion device 3 so as to reduce the power consumption.
- the current output from the power storage device 2 is reduced within a range in which the power conversion device 3 can continue outputting AC power.
Abstract
Description
Claims (6)
- 蓄電装置が出力する電圧の値を受け取る入力部と、
前記蓄電装置が出力する直流電力を交流電力に変換する電力変換装置に動作の指示を与える出力部と、
前記蓄電装置が出力する電流の値を調節するように前記電力変換装置に与える前記指示を定める処理部とを備え、
前記電力変換装置は、電力系統と連系するように接続されており、
前記処理部は、
前記電流の値を定電流に維持している期間に前記入力部が受け取った前記電圧の値が所定の下限値まで低下すると、以後は、前記電力変換装置が前記交流電力の出力を継続できる範囲で前記電流を低下させるように前記電力変換装置に前記出力部を通して前記指示を与える
ことを特徴とする蓄電池制御装置。 - 前記処理部は、
前記電力変換装置が前記交流電力の出力を継続できる範囲で前記電流を低下させる期間において、前記電流の値を時間経過に伴って減少させるように前記電力変換装置に前記指示を与える
請求項1記載の蓄電池制御装置。 - 前記処理部は、
前記電力変換装置が前記交流電力の出力を継続できる範囲で前記電流を低下させる期間において、前記電流の値を、前記電圧の値が前記下限値以上の所定範囲内に維持されるように定める
請求項1又は2記載の蓄電池制御装置。 - 前記処理部は、
前記電流の値が所定の最小値に達した時点から所定の保持時間が経過すると、前記蓄電装置の放電を停止させるように構成されている
請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の蓄電池制御装置。 - 前記処理部は、
前記電流の値が所定の最小値に達した後、前記入力部が受け取った前記電圧の値が前記下限値まで低下すると、前記蓄電装置の放電を停止させるように構成されている
請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の蓄電池制御装置。 - 蓄電装置と、
前記蓄電装置の直流電力を交流電力に変換し、かつ電力系統と連系する電力変換装置と、
前記蓄電装置が出力する電圧の値を受け取り、前記蓄電装置が出力する電流の値を調節するように前記電力変換装置に動作の指示を与える蓄電池制御装置とを備え、
前記蓄電池制御装置は、
前記電流の値を定電流に維持している期間に受け取った前記電圧の値が所定の下限値まで低下すると、以後は、前記電力変換装置が前記交流電力の出力を継続できる範囲で前記電流を低下させるように前記電力変換装置に前記指示を与える
ことを特徴とする蓄電システム。
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JP2014236525A (ja) * | 2013-05-30 | 2014-12-15 | 日本リライアンス株式会社 | 電池の充放電装置、充放電方法及びプログラム |
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