WO2016127477A1 - 一种浮式自升式钻井平台 - Google Patents

一种浮式自升式钻井平台 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016127477A1
WO2016127477A1 PCT/CN2015/075486 CN2015075486W WO2016127477A1 WO 2016127477 A1 WO2016127477 A1 WO 2016127477A1 CN 2015075486 W CN2015075486 W CN 2015075486W WO 2016127477 A1 WO2016127477 A1 WO 2016127477A1
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Prior art keywords
floating
drilling
main deck
jack
platform
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PCT/CN2015/075486
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
郑向远
陈道毅
于含
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清华大学深圳研究生院
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Priority to US14/983,351 priority Critical patent/US9457875B2/en
Publication of WO2016127477A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016127477A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
    • B63B35/44—Floating buildings, stores, drilling platforms, or workshops, e.g. carrying water-oil separating devices

Definitions

  • the invention relates to offshore oil and gas drilling equipment, in particular to a floating jack-up drilling platform.
  • Self-elevating drilling platforms account for more than 60% of the total number of offshore drilling equipment. They are the absolute main force for offshore oil and gas development for more than 100 years, but their current working depth is no more than 150 meters, mainly on the coastal continental shelf of all continents.
  • the jack-up rig consists of an upper platform and a number of legs that can be lifted and lowered. Before the work, it is self-propelled or towed to the well by the tug. After positioning, the pile shoes under the pile legs are inserted and fixed on the seabed through the pile leg lifting device. After the upper platform is raised to a certain height above the sea surface, the cantilever tower can be extended out of the deck for drilling operations.
  • the jack-up drilling rig has the characteristics of good stability, flexibility, and lower cost than the semi-submersible drilling platform and the drilling ship.
  • the platform is complicated to operate when it is positioned or dislocated, and is sensitive to waves.
  • the cost rises rapidly.
  • the existing floating platforms have their own limitations. In fact, there are still a lot of oil and gas resources in the 200-500 meters waters to be developed. If the new semi-submersible platform and drilling ship in the oil zone with a water depth of 200-500 meters can meet the requirements of mining technology and construction, it is costly, and it can be described as "the cow knife kills the chicken" and the economy is not good. On the other hand, there are a large number of jack-up rigs, but a considerable part of these in-service platforms can no longer be serviced due to the life of pile legs and pile shoes. There are a large number of jack-up wells in the next decade. The platform will be retired.
  • the present invention proposes a floating jack-up drilling platform.
  • a floating jack-up drilling platform comprising a main deck and its superstructure, a floating mat, a pile leg, a mooring system and a lifting mechanism, the superstructure comprising a drilling module and/or a production module; Below the main deck, the area and thickness of the floating mat are greater than the main deck, and the center of the floating mat is provided with a moon pool for the drill in the drilling module and/or in the production module.
  • the production equipment passes, the interior of the floating mat is divided into a plurality of tanks; the drilling module is located at or near the geometric center of the main deck, and the drill is taken from a drilling tower above the middle of the main deck during operation And/or the production device; the pile legs have three strips, and the main structure of each of the pile legs is a triangular truss structure, and the bottom of each of the pile legs is rigidly fixedly connected with the floating mat,
  • the main deck is vertically raised and lowered along the leg by the lifting mechanism and fixed at a predetermined height.
  • Each of the legs comprises an upper hollow sealing body, a lower hollow sealing body and a middle section, and the upper hollow sealing body and the lower section are hollow.
  • Sealing body Forming a steel plate along the triangular truss structure, the middle section is located between the upper hollow sealing body and the lower hollow sealing body, the middle section is still a triangular truss structure, and can be penetrated by water;
  • the center of gravity of the floating jack-up drilling platform is lower than the center of the float, and the water line is located within the height range of the upper hollow sealing body and is positioned by the mooring system.
  • buoyancy is provided by the floating cushion and the legs, and the floating center is higher than the center of gravity.
  • the floating pad replaces the pile shoes commonly used in jack-up rigs.
  • the area and thickness of the floating pad are larger than the main deck, providing the main buoyancy of the platform during wet towing and normal operation in the water; in addition, there is a month in the center of the floating pad.
  • the pool through the drilling tools and / or production equipment, enables the production equipment and drilling equipment on the traditional jack-up drilling rig to continue to be effectively used; in addition, the floating mat is fixedly connected to the bottom of the pile leg, because the total length of the pile legs is sufficient Large, the platform is deep in draft, the draft is more than 90 meters deep, so the lateral wave force of the floating cushion is significantly reduced; and the floating pad has a huge area, becoming a heave plate, and the heave damping is also increased Large, the vertical heave motion of the entire platform is greatly reduced, which is more conducive to the offshore operation of the platform; further, during towing, the main deck is lowered, coincides with the floating pad, and the traditional jack-up drilling platform Compared to the platform, the center of gravity is lower and the towing stability is better.
  • each leg is a triangular space truss structure, the upper hollow seal in the leg and the lower hollow seal are steel plates welded along the truss The structural strength of the pile legs is improved by the upper and lower sections of the hollow sealing body.
  • the water line is always in the height range of the hollow sealing body in the upper part of the pile legs, and the mutual distance between the three pile legs is large, so that the platform is The return torque and stability increase, and the platform does not generate vortex motion due to the use of three triangular legs.
  • the port, the starboard and the stern of the floating mat are respectively corresponding to the port side, the starboard side and the stern of the main deck; the front end of the floating mat is from the top of the floating mat to the bottom of the floating mat Inclined face facing inward.
  • the above technical solution can reduce the water resistance of the entire platform during self-propulsion and towing.
  • the cabin in the floating mat comprises an oil storage tank, a ballast water tank, a pump chamber and a sealed tank, the sealed chamber being filled with a solid large density metal.
  • the floating pad has a large volume and is internally divided into a plurality of compartments for storing oil and as a ballast water tank.
  • the partial structure of the floating cushion is filled with solid large-density metal, which can further reduce the center of gravity of the entire platform. Under the buoyancy, the unconditional stability of the platform is achieved.
  • the lower hollow sealing body is in communication with the interior of the floating mat, and the lower hollow sealing body is also subdivided, and the lower hollow sealing body comprises a ballast water tank or an oil storage tank.
  • the lower hollow sealing body acts as a ballast water tank or an oil storage tank, which can further reduce the center of gravity of the platform and increase the stability during operation.
  • the floating jack-up rig includes a propeller disposed outside the stern of the main deck.
  • the propeller on the outer side of the main deck stern can make the platform move short distance and adjust the direction of the platform movement, thus improving the flexibility of the platform in a small range and reducing the difficulty of towing.
  • the anchor chain is collapsed and the platform can be self-propelled to move over a new well location.
  • the inclined surface has an inclination angle of 30-60°.
  • the mooring system is a multi-chain chain distributed mooring system, and at least two anchor chains are connected to the upper hollow sealing body of each of the legs, and at least six of the anchor chains are connected to the floating mat .
  • the arrangement of the legs is triangular and the sides are symmetrical.
  • the production module comprises a dry tree production system.
  • the floating jack-up rig when the floating jack-up rig encounters a storm during operation, the floating jack-up rig maintains a draft, the lifting mechanism raises the main deck, and adjusts the main deck The height of the air gap between the sea and the sea.
  • the invention also has the following advantages: Compared with the conventional jack-up drilling platform, the invention is floating, and during operation, the platform hull has no contact with the seabed, and is suitable for drilling oil and gas in a water depth of 500 meters or less. Especially suitable for sea areas with a water depth of 200-500 meters.
  • the rig of the present invention is particularly suitable for retrofitting an active jack-up rig, and can mostly retain the main deck of the active jack-up rig and the modules disposed on the main deck, using a floating mat with a moon pool instead of
  • the existing pile-up of the jack-up drilling platform and the improved pile legs can be converted into a floating drilling and/or production equipment, and the depth and breadth of the working sea area can be greatly increased, breaking the current water depth not exceeding 150 meters limit.
  • the floating cushion and the legs provide buoyancy, the floating center is higher than the center of gravity, the stability is good, and the platform is deep in water, the floating cushion is weak in wave force, so the sports performance is good, and the floating cushion has a large oil storage at the same time. ability.
  • the floating pad can improve the stability of the tow when towing.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a floating jack-up drilling platform in a preferred embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a front elevational view of a floating jack-up rig in a preferred embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 3 is a side elevational view of a floating jack-up rig in a preferred embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a top plan view of a floating jack-up drilling platform in a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a side view of a wet towing of a floating jack-up drilling platform in a preferred embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 6 is a side view of a dry towing of a floating jack-up rig in a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • the floating jack-up drilling platform (hereinafter referred to as platform) of the present invention can be used only for drilling, or can be used only for production, and can also be used for drilling and production at the same time, and the following is an example for simultaneous drilling and production. .
  • the platform comprises: a main deck 1 and its superstructure, a floating mat 7, a leg 6, a mooring system, a lifting mechanism 5, a propeller 4, a main deck
  • the superstructure on 1 may include modules for drilling, production, living, power, lifesaving, and helicopter decks.
  • the production equipment such as the drill in the drilling module and the riser in the production module are collectively represented by the drilling and production equipment 8.
  • the main plane of the main deck 1 is approximately a rounded triangle shape, and the left and right sides are symmetrical, wherein the drilling module is located at or near the geometric center of the main deck 1, and during the drilling operation, the drill bit is drilled from the drilling tower 2 above the middle of the main deck 1.
  • Drilling and production equipment such as drill pipes and drill pipes, and drilling and production operations through the moonpool 9 in the center of the floating mat 7 instead of extending out of the main deck by conventional cantilever beams. Endanger the stability of the platform.
  • the helicopter deck 3 is located above the stern of the main deck 1.
  • the propeller 4 is located outside the stern of the main deck 1 to move the platform for a short distance and adjust the direction of the platform movement, thereby improving the flexibility of movement in a small range of the platform and reducing the difficulty of towing. After the propeller 4 is set, the platform is provided. When drilling multiple wells, it is only necessary to take up the anchor chain 10 and move it to the new well position by propelling 4 by self-propulsion or towing.
  • pile legs 6 and their main structures are triangular space truss structures, which are respectively arranged at the three corners of the main deck.
  • the arrangement is triangular and the left and right sides are symmetrical.
  • the pile legs 6 not only support the main deck 1 and its upper structure.
  • the total weight of each module also provides partial buoyancy of the platform.
  • the bottom of each leg 6 is rigid with the floating pad 7
  • the fixed connection because the total length of the leg is large enough, makes the platform draught, and the lateral wave force of the floating pad 7 is significantly reduced.
  • the main deck 1 can be vertically moved up and down along the height direction of the leg 6 and fixed at a predetermined height of the leg 6, so that when the platform encounters a storm during operation, the platform can remain intact.
  • Each leg 6 includes an upper hollow sealing body 61, a middle section 62 and a lower hollow sealing body 63 in the height direction.
  • the middle section 62 is located between the upper hollow sealing body 61 and the lower hollow sealing body 63, and is still a triangular space truss structure.
  • the upper part of the main deck 1 is the upper hollow sealing body 61
  • the lower part of the floating pad 7 is the lower hollow sealing body 63
  • the upper hollow sealing body 61 and the lower hollow sealing body 63 are steel plates along the triangular space truss
  • the structure is welded to provide buoyancy, and the waterline position is always within the height range of the upper hollow sealing body 61 during platform operation.
  • the inner portion of the lower hollow sealing body 63 is disposed to be in communication with the interior of the floating pad 7, so that the interior of the lower hollow sealing body 63 can also be divided into a plurality of compartments, which can include a ballast water tank or an oil storage tank, which can further reduce the center of gravity of the platform. Increase the stability of the platform operation.
  • the structural strength of the pile legs is improved by the upper and lower sections of the hollow sealing body, and the distance between the three pile legs is large, so that the restoring moment and stability of the platform are increased, and the vortex is not generated due to the use of the three triangular legs. motion.
  • the floating mat 7 is located below the main deck 1, the port side of the floating mat 7 is parallel to the port side of the main deck 1, the starboard side of the floating mat 7 is parallel to the starboard side of the main deck 1, and the stern of the floating mat 7 is parallel to the stern of the main deck 1, also That is, the floating pad 7 is similar in shape to the main deck 1 but the front end 71 of the floating pad is inclined from the top of the floating pad facing the bottom surface of the floating pad.
  • the area and thickness of the floating pad 7 are larger than that of the main deck 1, the floating pad 7 It provides the main buoyancy of the platform during wet towing and normal operation in the water. Therefore, the buoyancy of the platform is provided by the floating cushion, the upper hollow seal and the lower hollow seal.
  • the front end 71 of the floating pad 7 is inclined from the top of the floating pad facing the bottom surface of the floating pad, and the inclined angle of the inclined surface is preferably within 30-60° to reduce the water resistance of the platform during self-propulsion or towing.
  • a moonpool 9 is provided in the center of the floating mat 7, and the dry-production tree system on the conventional jack-up rig can be continuously used effectively through the drilling and production equipment 8; the floating mat 7 is bulky and internally partitioned into Multiple compartments, including oil storage tanks, ballast water tanks, pump cabins and sealed tanks, etc., in which the sealed tank is filled with solid high-density metal, so that the center of gravity of the entire platform is lowered below the center of the float, and the stability of the platform is strengthened.
  • Large density metal refers to a metal having a density greater than 8 g/cm 3 , such as lead.
  • the floating pad 7 has a huge area, the floating pad becomes a heave plate, and the heave damping is also increased, so that the vertical heave motion of the platform is greatly reduced, which is more conducive to the use of the dry tree system.
  • the main deck 1 is lowered and overlaps with the top of the floating cushion 7.
  • the platform has a lower center of gravity and better towing stability.
  • the mooring system is used to position the platform when the platform is used, including anchors, anchor chains, guide wheels and anchors.
  • the multi-chain distributed mooring system can be used during operation.
  • the specific number of the anchor chain 10 is determined by the actual situation.
  • at least two anchor chains are connected to the upper hollow sealing body 61 of each leg, and at least six anchor chains are connected to the floating pad, and the lower end of the anchor chain 10 extends to the sea floor and is fixed by the anchor.
  • the platform can travel to the intended sea area by wet or dry towing.
  • the ballast water in the main deck 1 Before the towing, the ballast water in the main deck 1, the lower hollow sealing body 63 and the floating mat 7 is adjusted, and the main deck 1 is lowered by the lifting mechanism 5 to overlap above the floating mat 7.
  • the ballast water in the main deck 1 is drained, and the ballast water in the lower hollow sealing body 63 and the floating mat 7 is continuously adjusted, and the pile leg 6 is gradually lowered to a suitable height by the lifting mechanism 5 to make the water
  • the line is located within the height range of the upper hollow sealing body 61.
  • the air gap height between the main deck 1 and the sea surface is adjusted by the lifting mechanism 5, and the anchor chain 10 is positioned under the anchor.
  • the lower end of the anchor chain 10 extends to the sea floor and is fixed by the anchor.
  • the platform of the invention has the advantages of flexible movement, strong adaptability and high reliability. At present, the number of jack-up drilling platforms is very large, but a considerable part of these in-service platforms cannot be continued due to the life of the pile legs and the pile boots. In the next ten years, a large number of jack-up rigs will be retired, and the construction of a new platform will be expensive.
  • the present invention can be used to modify the lower structure of the existing jack-up platform, remove the pile boots, and add additional Floating mats and retrofitting pile legs, while only a small part of the main deck will be modified, will greatly reduce manufacturing costs, to extend the platform service period and oil and gas companies to reduce costs, and more importantly, after the platform is modified, become a floating Equipment, the depth and breadth of its working waters have been greatly increased, breaking through the restrictions imposed on the water depth of the continental shelf in the shallow waters before the platform modification is less than 150 meters, and can be expanded to use within 500 meters of water depth.
  • the present invention is also applicable.
  • the entire platform system of the present invention operates at a lower center of gravity than the floating center, has good stability, and due to the existence of the floating mat, Effect of reducing the heave, good movement performance, floating mat at the same time has great storage capacity.

Abstract

一种浮式自升式钻井平台，具有：主甲板（1）及其上部结构、浮垫（7）、桩腿（6）、升降机构（5）和系泊系统。浮垫（7）的面积和厚度大于主甲板（1），中央设有月池（9），内部分隔为多个舱；钻井模块位于或靠近主甲板几何中心的上方；桩腿（6）有三条，均为桁架结构，每条桩腿（6）的底部与浮垫（7）刚性连接，主甲板（1）通过升降机构（5）沿桩腿垂直升降并固定在预定高度，每条桩腿（6）含有上下两段中空密封体（61、63），作业时水线位于上段的高度范围内，通过系泊系统定位。本平台和传统自升式平台不同，其作业时平台与海床未接触，浮心高于重心，运动性能良好，储油能力大，可在500米水深以内的海域进行油气钻采，尤其适用于200-500米水深。

Description

一种浮式自升式钻井平台 技术领域
本发明涉及海上油气钻井装备，特别是涉及一种浮式自升式钻井平台。
背景技术
在现今世界能源需求越来越强劲而陆上油气资源日趋枯竭形势下，开阔更广的能源供应途径就成为现今世界各国发展的重点，其中海上油气开采技术的发展尤为迅速。海洋油气总产量占全球油气总产量的比例已从1997年的20％上升到目前的40％以上，其中深海油气产量约占海洋油气产量的30％以上。因此，对于自升式钻井平台、半潜式钻井平台和钻井船这三大海上钻井装备而言，深水化是一个主要的发展趋势。
自升式钻井平台占海上钻井装备总数量的60％以上，是一百多年来海洋油气开发的绝对主力，但其目前的工作水深不超过150米，主要在各大洲的沿海大陆架。自升式钻井平台由上层平台和数根能够升降的桩腿组成，工作前先自航或由拖轮拖至井位，定位后通过桩腿升降装置将桩腿下的桩靴插入固定于海底，再将上层平台上升到海面以上一定高度后便可将悬臂塔架伸出甲板进行钻井作业。自升式钻井平台具有稳定性好、机动灵活、造价低于半潜式钻井平台和钻井船的特点，但其平台定位或离位时操作复杂，对波浪敏感。而且，随着水深的增加，造价迅速攀升。
对于200米以上水深海域，现有的各类浮式平台均各有局限性。事实上，200-500米水域内还有大量的油气资源尚待开发。若为200-500米水深的油区新建半潜式平台和钻井船，可满足开采的技术与施工等要求，但耗资巨大，可谓“牛刀杀鸡”，经济性不佳。另一方面，目前自升式钻井平台的数量甚多，但这些在役的平台中有相当一部分由于桩腿与桩靴的寿命问题而不能再服役，在未来十年内有大量的自升式钻井平台将退役。所以，如何利用现有的成熟技术改装这些平台的下部结构，延长其服役寿命，并使之在超过150米水深的海域作业，将是一大技术突破，并且在造船业形成一个巨大的海洋工程装备改装市场，经济前景可观。
发明内容
为了弥补上述现有技术的不足，本发明提出一种浮式自升式钻井平台。
本发明的技术问题通过以下的技术方案予以解决：
一种浮式自升式钻井平台，包括主甲板及其上部结构、浮垫、桩腿、系泊系统和升降机构，所述上部结构包括钻井模块和/或生产模块；所述浮垫位于所述主甲板下方，所述浮垫的面积和厚度均大于所述主甲板，所述浮垫的中央设有月池，能供所述钻井模块中的钻具和/或所述生产模块中的生产设备通过，所述浮垫的内部分隔为多个舱；所述钻井模块位于或靠近所述主甲板的几何中心上方，作业时从所述主甲板中部上方的钻井塔架起下所述钻具和/或所述生产设备；所述桩腿共有三条，每条所述桩腿的主体结构均为三角形桁架结构，每条所述桩腿的底部与所述浮垫刚性固定连接，所述主甲板通过所述升降机构沿所述桩腿垂直升降并固定在预定高度处，每条所述桩腿均含有上段中空密封体、下段中空密封体和中段，所述上段中空密封体和下段中空密封体均为钢板沿所述三角形桁架结构焊接而成，所述中段位于所述上段中空密封体和下段中空密封体之间，所述中段依然为三角形桁架结构，能被水透过；作业时，所述浮式自升式钻井平台的重心低于浮心，水线位于所述上段中空密封体的高度范围内，通过所述系泊系统定位。
在以上技术方案中：
在作业时，由浮垫和桩腿提供浮力，浮心高于重心。其中，浮垫代替了自升式钻井平台常用的桩靴，浮垫的面积和厚度大于主甲板，提供了平台在水中湿式拖航和正常作业时的主要浮力；此外，浮垫中央留有月池，可通过钻具和/或生产设备，使得传统的自升式钻井平台上的生产设备和钻井设备得以继续有效使用；再者，浮垫与桩腿底部固定连接，由于桩腿总长度足够大，使得平台吃水较深，吃水深度超过90米，因而浮垫所受的横向波浪力得以显著减小；而且浮垫具有巨大的面积，成为一个垂荡板，垂荡阻尼也因之而增大，使得整个平台的竖向垂荡运动大幅度减小，更有利于平台的海上作业；更进一步地，在拖航时，主甲板降下，与浮垫上方重合，和传统自升式钻井平台相比，平台的重心更低，拖航稳性更佳。
桩腿共有三条，不仅支撑着主甲板及其上设备的总重，而且也提供本发明平台的部分浮力；升降机构使主甲板可以沿桩腿垂直升降，在风暴下可以实现调节 主甲板和海面间的气隙高度，而不必调节平台的吃水深度；每条桩腿均为三角形空间桁架结构，桩腿中的上段中空密封体和下段中空密封体，均为钢板沿桁架焊接而成，桩腿的结构强度因上、下段中空密封体而得到提高，作业时，水线始终处在桩腿上段中空密封体的高度范围内，三条桩腿之间的相互距离大，使得平台的回复力矩和稳性增加，所述平台由于使用三条三角形桩腿，不会产生涡击运动。
优选地，所述浮垫的左舷、右舷和船尾分别对应的与所述主甲板的左舷、右舷和船尾平行；所述浮垫的前端是自所述浮垫的顶面向所述浮垫的底面向内倾斜的斜面。
采用以上技术方案可降低整个平台在自航与拖航时的水中阻力。
优选地，所述浮垫内的舱包括储油舱、压载水舱、泵舱和密封舱，所述密封舱内填充有实心大密度金属。
所述浮垫的体积巨大，内部分隔为多个舱，可用来储油和作为压载水舱，所述浮垫的部分结构采用实心大密度金属填充，可更使整个所述平台的重心降低于浮心之下，实现了所述平台的无条件稳性。
优选地，所述下段中空密封体与所述浮垫的内部连通，所述下段中空密封体内也分舱，所述下段中空密封体内的舱包括压载水舱或储油舱。
所述下段中空密封体作为压载水舱或储油舱，可进一步降低所述平台的重心，增加作业时的稳性。
优选地，所述浮式自升式钻井平台还包括推进器，所述推进器设在所述主甲板的船尾外侧。
主甲板船尾外侧设有的推进器，可以使平台短距离移动，调节平台运动的方向，从而提高了平台小范围内移动的灵活性，减少了拖航难度，当平台钻多口井时只需收起锚链，所述平台可以自航移动到新的井位上方。
优选地，所述斜面的倾斜角为30-60°。
优选地，所述系泊系统为多锚链分布式系泊系统，在每条所述桩腿的上段中空密封体上连接至少二条所述锚链，所述浮垫上连接至少六条所述锚链。
优选地，所述桩腿的布置呈三角型且左右舷对称。
优选地，当所述浮式自升式钻井平台包含所述生产模块时，所述生产模块包含干采油树生产系统。
优选地，当所述浮式自升式钻井平台在作业过程中遭遇风暴时，所述浮式自升式钻井平台保持吃水深度，所述升降机构升起所述主甲板，调节所述主甲板和海面间的气隙高度。
本发明还具有如下优点：与传统的自升式钻井平台相比，本发明是浮式的，在作业时，平台船体与海床没有接触，适用于在500米以内水深的海域钻采油气，尤其适用于200-500米水深的海域。本发明的钻井平台尤其适合于对现役自升式钻井平台的改装，可以大部分保留现役自升式钻井平台的主甲板以及主甲板上配置的各个模块，使用了一个带月池的浮垫代替现有自升式钻井平台的桩靴，并改进桩腿，改装后即可以成为一种浮式的钻井和/或生产装备，其工作海域的深度和广度得以大大增加，突破了目前水深不超过150米的限制。在作业时，由浮垫和桩腿提供浮力，浮心高于重心，稳定性好，而且平台因吃水深，浮垫受波浪力小，所以运动性能良好，浮垫同时具有很大的储油能力。在拖航时，浮垫能提高拖航的稳性。
附图说明
图1为本发明的优选实施例中的浮式自升式钻井平台的立体示意图；
图2为本发明的优选实施例中的浮式自升式钻井平台的正视图；
图3为本发明的优选实施例中的浮式自升式钻井平台的侧视图；
图4为本发明的优选实施例中的浮式自升式钻井平台的俯视图；
图5为本发明的优选实施例中的浮式自升式钻井平台的湿式拖航侧视图；
图6为本发明的优选实施例中的浮式自升式钻井平台的干式拖航侧视图。
具体实施方式
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面结合各附图，对本发明优选实施例中的技术方案进行清楚完整的描述。
本发明的浮式自升式钻井平台(下方简称为平台)可以仅用于钻井，也可以仅用于生产，还可以同时用于钻井与生产，下方以同时用于钻井和生产为例进行说明。
如图1-4所示，在一个优选的实施例中，该平台包括：主甲板1及其上部结构、浮垫7、桩腿6、系泊系统、升降机构5、推进器4，主甲板1上的上部结构可以包括钻井、生产、生活、动力、救生与直升机甲板等模块。下方图示中，将钻井模块中的钻具以及生产模块中的立管等生产设备共同用钻井与生产设备8表示。
主甲板1的主平面近似为圆角的三角型，且左右舷对称，其中钻井模块位于或靠近主甲板1的几何中心，钻井作业时，从主甲板1中部上方的钻井塔架2起下钻头、钻杆、钻柱等钻具与立管等钻井与生产设备8，并穿过浮垫7中央的月池9进行钻井和生产作业，而不再以传统悬臂梁方式伸出主甲板外，危及平台稳定性。直升机甲板3位于主甲板1的船尾上方。推进器4位于主甲板1的船尾外侧，用以使平台短距离移动，调节平台运动的方向，从而提高平台小范围内移动的灵活性，减少了拖航难度，设了推进器4后，平台钻多口井时只需收起锚链10，通过推进器4自航或拖航移动到新的井位上方即可。
桩腿6共有三条，其主体结构均为三角形空间桁架结构，分别设置在主甲板的三个角，其布置呈三角型且左右舷对称，桩腿6不仅支撑着主甲板1及其上部结构中各模块的总重，还提供平台的部分浮力。每条桩腿6的底部与浮垫7刚性 固定连接，由于桩腿总长度足够大，使得平台吃水深，浮垫7所受的横向波浪力得以显著减小。通过升降机构5，主甲板1可以沿桩腿6的高度方向作上下垂直升降运动，并固定在桩腿6的预定高度处，这样，当平台在作业过程中遭遇风暴时，平台可以保持原有的吃水深度，升降机构5可以升起主甲板1，从而调节主甲板1和海面间的气隙高度，而不必调节平台的吃水深度。每条桩腿6沿高度方向包含上段中空密封体61、中段62和下段中空密封体63，中段62位于上段中空密封体61和下段中空密封体63之间，其依然为三角形空间桁架结构，可被海水透过，在高度上靠近主甲板1的为上段中空密封体61，靠近浮垫7的为下段中空密封体63，上段中空密封体61和下段中空密封体63均为钢板沿三角形空间桁架结构焊接而成，可以提供浮力，平台作业时水线位置始终位于上段中空密封体61的高度范围内。下段中空密封体63内部设置为可以与浮垫7的内部连通，这样下段中空密封体63的内部也可分隔为多个舱，可以包含压载水舱或储油舱，可进一步降低平台的重心，增加平台作业时的稳性。桩腿的结构强度因上、下段中空密封体而得到提高，三条桩腿之间的距离大，使得平台的回复力矩和稳性增加，由于使用所述三条三角形的桩腿，不会产生涡击运动。
浮垫7位于主甲板1的下方，浮垫7的左舷与主甲板1的左舷平行，浮垫7的右舷与主甲板1的右舷平行，浮垫7的船尾与主甲板1的船尾平行，也即浮垫7与主甲板1的形状相仿但浮垫的前端71是自浮垫的顶面向浮垫的底面向内倾斜的斜面，浮垫7的面积和厚度均大于主甲板1，浮垫7提供平台在水中湿式拖航和正常作业时的主要浮力，因此，平台作业时的浮力是由浮垫、上段中空密封体和下段中空密封体共同提供。浮垫7的前端71是自浮垫的顶面向浮垫的底面向内倾斜的斜面，斜面的倾斜角在30-60°内为宜，以降低平台在自航或拖航时的水中阻力。在浮垫7的中央设有月池9，可通过钻井与生产设备8，使得传统的自升式钻井平台上的干采油树系统得以继续有效使用；浮垫7的体积巨大，其内部分隔为多个舱，包括储油舱、压载水舱、泵舱和密封舱等，其中密封舱内填充有实心大密度金属，使得整个平台的重心下降到浮心之下，加强平台的稳定性，大密度金属是指密度大于8g/cm3的金属，例如铅。同时，由于浮垫7具有巨大的面积，浮垫成为一个垂荡板，垂荡阻尼也因之而增大，使得平台的竖向垂荡运动大幅度减小，更有利于使用干采油树系统在海上作业，更进一步地，在拖航时， 主甲板1降下，与浮垫7的上方重合，和传统自升式钻井平台相比，平台的重心更低，拖航稳性更佳。
系泊系统用于平台作业时使平台定位，包括锚、锚链、导链轮与锚机等设备，作业时可以采用多锚链分布式系泊系统，锚链10的具体数量由实际情况确定，较适宜的是，在每条桩腿的上段中空密封体61上均连接至少二条锚链，在浮垫上至少连接六条锚链，锚链10的下端延伸至海底通过锚而固定。
如图5、6所示，平台可通过湿式拖航或干式拖航两种方式前往预定海域。拖航前，调节主甲板1、下段中空密封体63及浮垫7内的压载水，通过升降机构5将主甲板1下降到浮垫7的上方重叠。抵达预定海域后，排空主甲板1内的压载水，继续调节下段中空密封体63及浮垫7内的压载水，同时通过升降机构5将桩腿6渐渐下降到合适高度，使水线位于上段中空密封体61的高度范围内。接着，通过升降机构5调节主甲板1和海面间的气隙高度，抛锚下锚链10定位，锚链10的下端延伸至海底通过锚而固定，平台在海上定位完毕后便可开始准备作业。
本发明的平台移动灵活，适应性强，可靠性高，目前自升式钻井平台的数量甚多，但这些在役的平台中有相当一部分由于桩腿与桩靴的寿命问题而不能继续服役，在未来十年内有大量的自升式钻井平台将退役，而新建一艘平台造价高昂，但可以采用本发明对现有的自升式平台的下部结构进行改装，去掉桩靴，加装额外的浮垫并改造桩腿，同时仅小部分改造主甲板，将会大幅节省制造成本，达到延长平台服役期和油气公司减小成本的效果，更重要的是，平台改装后，成为一种浮式装备，其工作海域的深度和广度得以大大增加，突破了平台改装前在大陆架浅水区作业水深不超过150米所受的限制，可以扩大到500米水深以内的海域使用，当然，本发明也适用于新建的海洋钻井平台，本发明的整个平台系统作业时重心低于浮心，稳性好，且由于浮垫的存在，有效减轻了垂荡，运动性能好，浮垫同时具有很大的储油能力。
以上内容是结合具体的优选实施方式对本发明所作的进一步详细说明，不能认定本发明的具体实施只局限于这些说明。对于本发明所属技术领域的技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明构思的前提下，还可以做出若干等同替代或明显变型，而且性能或用途相同，都应当视为属于本发明的保护范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种浮式自升式钻井平台，其特征在于：包括主甲板及其上部结构、浮垫、桩腿、系泊系统和升降机构，所述上部结构包括钻井模块和/或生产模块；
    所述浮垫位于所述主甲板下方，所述浮垫的面积和厚度均大于所述主甲板，所述浮垫的中央设有月池，能供所述钻井模块中的钻具和/或所述生产模块中的生产设备通过，所述浮垫的内部分隔为多个舱；所述钻井模块位于或靠近所述主甲板的几何中心上方，作业时从所述主甲板中部上方的钻井塔架起下所述钻具和/或所述生产设备；
    所述桩腿共有三条，每条所述桩腿的主体结构均为三角形桁架结构，每条所述桩腿的底部与所述浮垫刚性固定连接，所述主甲板通过所述升降机构沿所述桩腿垂直升降并固定在预定高度处，每条所述桩腿均含有上段中空密封体、下段中空密封体和中段，所述上段中空密封体和下段中空密封体均为钢板沿所述三角形桁架结构焊接而成，所述中段位于所述上段中空密封体和下段中空密封体之间，所述中段依然为三角形桁架结构，能被水透过；
    作业时，所述浮式自升式钻井平台的重心低于浮心，水线位于所述上段中空密封体的高度范围内，通过所述系泊系统定位。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的浮式自升式钻井平台，其特征在于：所述浮垫的左舷、右舷和船尾分别对应的与所述主甲板的左舷、右舷和船尾平行；所述浮垫的前端是自所述浮垫的顶面向所述浮垫的底面向内倾斜的斜面。
  3. 如权利要求1或2所述的浮式自升式钻井平台，其特征在于：所述浮垫内的舱包括储油舱、压载水舱、泵舱和密封舱，所述密封舱内填充有实心大密度金属。
  4. 如权利要求1或2所述的浮式自升式钻井平台，其特征在于：所述下段中空密封体与所述浮垫的内部连通，所述下段中空密封体内也分舱，所述下段中空密封体内的舱包括压载水舱或储油舱。
  5. 如权利要求1或2所述的浮式自升式钻井平台，其特征在于：所述浮式自升式钻井平台还包括推进器，所述推进器设在所述主甲板的船尾外侧。
  6. 如权利要求2所述的浮式自升式钻井平台，其特征在于：所述斜面的倾斜角为30-60°。
  7. 如权利要求1或2所述的浮式自升式钻井平台，其特征在于：所述系泊系统为多锚链分布式系泊系统，在每条所述桩腿的上段中空密封体上连接至少二条所述锚链，所述浮垫上连接至少六条所述锚链。
  8. 如权利要求1或2所述的浮式自升式钻井平台，其特征在于：所述桩腿的布置呈三角型且左右舷对称。
  9. 如权利要求1或2所述的浮式自升式钻井平台，其特征在于：当所述浮式自升式钻井平台包含所述生产模块时，所述生产模块包含干采油树生产系统。
  10. 如权利要求1或2所述的浮式自升式钻井平台，其特征在于：当所述浮式自升式钻井平台在作业过程中遭遇风暴时，所述浮式自升式钻井平台保持吃水深度，所述升降机构升起所述主甲板，调节所述主甲板和海面间的气隙高度。
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