WO2016116057A1 - 一种高压直流输电串联阀组控制装置 - Google Patents

一种高压直流输电串联阀组控制装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016116057A1
WO2016116057A1 PCT/CN2016/071587 CN2016071587W WO2016116057A1 WO 2016116057 A1 WO2016116057 A1 WO 2016116057A1 CN 2016071587 W CN2016071587 W CN 2016071587W WO 2016116057 A1 WO2016116057 A1 WO 2016116057A1
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Prior art keywords
valve group
voltage
control valve
current
series
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PCT/CN2016/071587
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
卢东斌
王永平
王振曦
邹强
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南京南瑞继保电气有限公司
南京南瑞继保工程技术有限公司
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Application filed by 南京南瑞继保电气有限公司, 南京南瑞继保工程技术有限公司 filed Critical 南京南瑞继保电气有限公司
Priority to RU2017124400A priority Critical patent/RU2680819C2/ru
Priority to CA2974020A priority patent/CA2974020C/en
Priority to BR112017015125-1A priority patent/BR112017015125B1/pt
Priority to US15/541,807 priority patent/US10148091B2/en
Publication of WO2016116057A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016116057A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/36—Arrangements for transfer of electric power between ac networks via a high-tension dc link
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/06—Circuits specially adapted for rendering non-conductive gas discharge tubes or equivalent semiconductor devices, e.g. thyratrons, thyristors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/08—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters
    • H02M1/081—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters wherein the phase of the control voltage is adjustable with reference to the AC source
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/08—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters
    • H02M1/088—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters for the simultaneous control of series or parallel connected semiconductor devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/12—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/145—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means
    • H02M7/155—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M7/19—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means using semiconductor devices only arranged for operation in series, e.g. for voltage multiplication
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/66—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/68—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/72—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/75—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means
    • H02M7/757—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M7/7575—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means using semiconductor devices only for high voltage direct transmission link
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M5/00—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases
    • H02M5/02—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc
    • H02M5/04—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters
    • H02M5/10—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using transformers
    • H02M5/14—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using transformers for conversion between circuits of different phase number
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/60—Arrangements for transfer of electric power between AC networks or generators via a high voltage DC link [HVCD]

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of high voltage direct current transmission and ultra high voltage direct current transmission, and particularly relates to a valve group voltage control device for current control of a high voltage direct current transmission series valve group.
  • the HVDC transmission device converts the AC current into a DC current through the inverter and transmits it to another converter, which converts the DC current into an AC current.
  • the inverter used typically includes a valve block consisting of controllable power semiconductors, each of which is connected to a six-pulse or twelve-pulse bridge. Usually only one valve block is provided for power transfer, however in some applications it may be necessary to connect a plurality of such valve blocks in series with one another.
  • each current regulating unit adjusts the common DC current. Due to the measurement error and the adjustment error, the trigger angle of each current regulating unit output is different, and the voltage of the corresponding valve group will be generated. Oscillation may cause a large voltage difference between the two valve groups, and the converter transformer tap connected to the valve group will frequently operate.
  • the series valve group is provided with a common current regulating unit at the so-called pole level, wherein the firing angle of the common current regulating unit output is transmitted to each series of valve groups.
  • the common current regulating unit can be disposed in the main control valve group, and the slave control valve group adopts a firing angle transmitted by the main control valve group. If the series valve group is connected to the same AC grid, the control signals output by the same current regulation unit can basically ensure the voltage balance of the series valve group because the parameters of the AC system and the converter transformer are the same.
  • the control signals output by the same current regulation unit cannot adjust the voltage balance of the series valve group due to the different parameters of the AC system and the converter transformer, although the voltage can be reduced by means of the converter transformer tap. Poor, but the dynamic response speed is poor and the corresponding voltage difference within the tap adjustment step of the converter transformer cannot be eliminated.
  • the second prior art to solve this problem is to combine the current regulating unit of each valve block of the series valve group with the voltage balancing unit, and simultaneously introduce the current adjustment error and the voltage difference between the series valve groups into a PI regulator. Used for current control and balancing the voltage of the series valve block.
  • This method is connected to the same for the series valve group
  • the AC grid or different AC grids can achieve voltage balance of the series valve group, but when the voltage acquisition unit fails and the voltage balance unit exits, the series valve group cannot adjust the common DC current.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a high voltage direct current power transmission series valve group control device for adjusting a high voltage direct current power transmission device having two or more series circuits composed of valve groups each having a controllable power semiconductor.
  • the valve block voltage during current control enables balance or imbalance control of the series valve voltage.
  • the solution of the invention is: a high-voltage direct current transmission series valve group control device for regulating a high-voltage direct current power transmission device having two or more valve groups each having a controllable power semiconductor connected in series, characterized in that a current regulating unit and a voltage regulating unit are arranged for each valve group, the current adjusting unit is used for controlling the direct current flowing through the corresponding valve group, and the voltage adjusting unit is used for controlling the voltage across the valve group corresponding thereto;
  • One of the valve groups is selected as the main control valve group, the other is used as the slave control valve group; the main control valve group selects the trigger angle output by the current regulating unit for control, and the firing angle and voltage transmitted from the main control valve group are selected from the control valve group.
  • the output value of the adjustment unit is controlled by the trigger angle obtained by the subtractor.
  • the trigger angle transmitted by the main control valve group is obtained by direct or indirect communication between the control valve group and the control device.
  • the current regulating unit is connected to the valve block current collecting unit, each of the valve block current collecting units corresponds to a valve group and is used for determining a current flowing through the valve group;
  • the voltage adjusting unit Connected to a valve block voltage collection unit, each of the valve block voltage collection units corresponds to a valve block and is used to determine a valve block voltage that drops on a corresponding valve block.
  • the voltage adjustment unit has a subtractor, and the reference voltage input of the subtractor To: select the voltage of the main control valve group or the unbalanced reference voltage; the measured voltage input of the subtractor is: the voltage output by the valve group voltage collecting unit connected thereto.
  • the voltage regulating unit has a PI regulator, and the output of the PI regulator is connected to the negative end of a subtractor, and the positive end of the subtractor is connected to the firing angle transmitted by the main control valve group.
  • the invention has the advantages that the control device of the high-voltage direct current transmission series valve group is controlled by the current control of the main control valve group, and the trigger angle and the voltage adjustment unit output value transmitted from the main control valve group are selected from the control valve group.
  • the trigger angle obtained after the subtractor is adjusted to realize the voltage regulation between the valve groups during the current control of the series valve group to meet the power regulation requirements of different valve groups.
  • Figure 1 is a converter of a plurality of series valve groups for HVDC transmission
  • Figure 2 is an embodiment of a device in accordance with the present invention.
  • a current regulating unit and a voltage regulating unit are provided for each valve group, and the current regulating unit is configured to control a direct current flowing through the corresponding valve group, and the voltage adjusting unit is configured to control the voltage across the valve group corresponding thereto.
  • One of the series valve groups is selected as the main control valve group, and the other is used as the slave control valve group; the main control valve group selects the trigger angle output by the current adjustment unit for controlling the current flowing through the series circuit;
  • the firing angle transmitted by the control valve group and the output angle of the voltage regulating unit are controlled by the trigger angle obtained by the subtractor;
  • the voltage adjusting unit is used for adjusting the voltage of the series valve group, and the output value is based on the DC voltage command value and the DC voltage measurement value.
  • the comparison is produced by a PI regulator.
  • the main control valve group performs current regulation, and the slave control valve group directly or indirectly communicates between the control devices to receive the trigger angle of the current regulating unit output of the main control valve group.
  • the voltage regulating unit provided therein is activated in the slave valve group, and the voltage regulating unit generates an output signal and applies the output angle to the valve group after receiving the trigger angle of the autonomous control valve group through the subtractor. Voltage control; this control signal only acts on the corresponding slave control valve group.
  • Reference voltage input of the voltage regulating unit a. If the voltage of the main control valve group is selected, the series valve group is caused to drop the same voltage on each valve group, that is, the valve group voltage balance adjustment; b. If the selection is unbalanced With reference voltage, the series valve group is allowed to drop different voltages on each valve group, that is, the valve group voltage imbalance adjustment.
  • the voltage of the slave control valve group is the unbalanced reference voltage, and the voltage of the main control valve group is the total DC voltage minus each Control the voltage of the valve block.
  • the measured current input of the current regulating unit is connected to a current collecting unit respectively corresponding to a valve block.
  • the measurement signal of the current collecting unit is transmitted to the current regulating unit, and the reference current input and the measuring current input are connected to the PI regulator through the subtractor and output a signal.
  • the measured voltage input of the voltage regulating unit is connected to a voltage collecting unit respectively corresponding to a valve block.
  • the measurement signal of the voltage acquisition unit is transmitted to the voltage adjustment unit, and the reference voltage input and the measurement voltage input are connected to the PI regulator through the subtractor and output a signal, and the trigger angle transmitted by the main control valve group and the output of the PI regulator are subtracted.
  • the positive and negative signs above are determined by the relationship between the firing angle and the valve group voltage. If the valve group voltage and the firing angle are in increasing function, the sign is positive; if the valve group voltage and the firing angle are in decreasing function, the sign is negative.
  • the voltage adjustment range depends on the pressure resistance value of each valve block of the series valve group and the converter transformer insulation, capacity, tap adjustment range, etc. connected to the valve block.
  • the main control valve group becomes the slave control valve group, and one of the non-faulty slave control valve group becomes the main control valve group; when the main control valve group exits the operation, one of them is faultless. From the control valve group to the main control valve group, the remaining slave control valve group is still the slave control valve group. If only one valve group is working, this valve group is the master valve group.
  • a high voltage direct current transmission series valve train control device adjusts a series circuit having two or more valve groups each having a controllable power semiconductor according to the above method.
  • the power semiconductor is a non-turn-off thyristor.
  • FIG. 1 shows an inverter 11 which is connected via a direct current line 6 to another converter (not shown).
  • the converter 11 has two series circuits 10 consisting of a valve block 4, which can each be bridged by a DC switch 5.
  • the valve block 4 is a twelve-pulse three-phase bridge circuit, that is, two six-pulse bridges 4a and 4b connected in series to each other, which are respectively connected to the high-voltage direct current power transmission transformer 3.
  • the HVDC power transmission transformer 3 has a primary winding 3a connected to the AC grid 1. It is to be noted that the AC grid is three-phase, however only one phase is shown in Figure 1 for clarity.
  • the secondary winding 3b of the HVDC power transmission transformer is divided into a star connection and an angular connection to provide a phase difference.
  • the inverter 11 can be separated from the AC grid 1 by means of the AC switch 2.
  • the AC grids 1a, 1b, 1c and 1d connected to the conventional UHV DC converter 11 are the same AC grid.
  • the valve block 4 connected to the DC line 6 is referred to as a high pressure valve group, and the valve block 4 connected to the grounding conductor 7 is referred to as a low pressure valve. group.
  • the high-voltage and low-pressure valve components are connected to the inverter of the UHV DC transmission of different AC grids.
  • the AC grids 1a and 1d connected to the high-pressure valve group are the same AC grid, and the AC grids 1b and 1c connected to the low-pressure valve group. For another AC grid.
  • Each series circuit 10 consisting of a valve block 4 and corresponding components such as a high voltage direct current power transmission transformer, an alternating current switch and a direct current switch is also indicated as pole 9, and a component corresponding to one valve block 4 forms a valve block unit 8.
  • a grounding conductor 7 is shown in FIG. 1 for the connection of the inverter 11 to the grounding pole 12.
  • Fig. 2 shows an embodiment of a control device 24 of the invention for adjusting the high voltage direct current power transmission device 11 shown in Fig. 1.
  • the control device 24 includes a current adjustment unit 17, a voltage adjustment unit 13, and a selection logic unit 22, which constitutes a group unit 23.
  • the current adjustment unit 17 inputs a difference between the current command value Idref and the measured value Idv1 (Idv2) and is connected to the PI regulator 18.
  • the reference value of the voltage regulating unit 13 is input to the voltage Udv2 (Udv1) of the master valve group or the unbalanced voltage reference value Ud1vref (Ud2vref).
  • Udv1 voltage reference value of the voltage regulating unit 13
  • Ud1vref Ud1vref
  • the output of the selector 14 is output to the PI regulator 16 in comparison with the valve block voltage measurement signal Udv1 (Udv2).
  • the selection logic unit 22 contains two selectors 19 and 20, the input of which is the output of the self current regulation unit and the output of the selector 19 of the other valve group, the output of which is connected to the input of the selector 20.
  • the other input of the selector 20 is that the output of the selector 19 is subtracted from the output of the voltage regulating unit 13, and it should be noted that the valve block voltage and the firing angle of this embodiment are in a reduced function relationship.
  • a selection input signal for selectors 19 and 20 of a valve block a master valve group/slave valve group signal wire 21 is provided.
  • the main control valve group/slave valve group signal 21 is not connected rearward.
  • the output of the selector 20 is the final firing angle ⁇ ord as a control signal for the power semiconductor.
  • the selector 19 of the selection logic unit 22 of the high pressure valve group will select the output of the current adjustment unit, and the selector 20 selects the output of the selector 19, and the trigger angle ⁇ ord is taken as the high pressure valve group.
  • the current regulator output; the selector 19 of the selection logic unit 22 of the low pressure valve group selects the firing angle of the output of the selector 19 of the high pressure valve group, and the selector 20 selects the output of the selector 19 to be subtracted from the output of the voltage regulating unit 13.
  • the value, the trigger angle ⁇ ord is taken as the subtraction value of the firing angle of the high pressure valve group and the output of the voltage regulating unit 13.
  • the output of the selector 14 selects the voltage Udv1 of the high pressure valve group, and outputs the voltage to the PI regulator 16 in comparison with the low voltage valve group voltage measurement signal Udv2 to realize the valve group.
  • the voltage balance control if the selected input signal of the selector 14 of the low pressure valve group is the voltage imbalance control, the output of the selector 14 selects the unbalanced voltage reference value Udv2ref, which is compared with the low voltage valve group voltage measurement signal Udv2 to the PI regulation
  • the device 16 implements voltage imbalance control of the valve block.
  • the selector 19 of the selection logic unit 22 of the low pressure valve group will select the output of the current adjustment unit, and the selector 20 selects the output of the selector 19, the firing angle
  • the value of ⁇ ord is the current regulator output of the low pressure valve block.
  • the actual value acquisition takes place by means of suitable measuring sensors respectively corresponding to one valve block 4.
  • the current flowing through the series circuit 10 is the high voltage valve group DC current measurement value Idv1 and the low pressure valve group DC current measurement value Idv2.
  • the high-pressure valve group DC current measurement value Idv1 and the low-pressure valve group DC current measurement value Idv2 are respectively collected by the measurement sensor 25 and the measurement sensor 26 and transmitted as actual values to the current adjustment unit 17 corresponding to the valve group 4.
  • the voltage is collected as the pole DC bus voltage Udl, the valve group connection line voltage Udm, and the pole neutral line voltage Udn.
  • the selection input signal of the selector 14 of the voltage regulating unit provides a voltage balance control/voltage imbalance control signal conductor 15.
  • the voltage adjustment unit realizes the voltage balance control; when the voltage reference value selects the unbalanced reference voltage, the voltage adjustment unit realizes the voltage imbalance control.
  • the slave voltage adjustment unit 13 When the voltage of the main control valve group is selected from the control valve group voltage reference value, if the voltage of the slave control valve group is greater than the voltage of the main control valve group, the slave voltage adjustment unit 13 outputs a negative output signal, and the negative output signal
  • the AC grid power connected to the main control valve group and the AC grid power connected to the slave control valve group can be obtained, thereby achieving decoupling control of the connected different AC grid power to a certain extent.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Power Conversion In General (AREA)
  • Inverter Devices (AREA)
  • Rectifiers (AREA)
  • Direct Current Feeding And Distribution (AREA)
  • Electrically Driven Valve-Operating Means (AREA)
  • Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)
  • Control Of Electrical Variables (AREA)

Abstract

一种高压直流输电串联阀组控制装置（24），用于调节具有两个或两个以上由分别具有可控的功率半导体的阀组（4）组成的串联电路（10）。对于每个阀组设置一个电流调节单元（17）和一个电压调节单元（13）。电流调节单元控制流过与其对应的阀组的直流电流，电压调节单元控制与其对应的阀组两端电压。串联阀组中选择一个作为主控阀组，其他作为从控阀组。主控阀组选取电流调节单元输出的触发角进行控制，从控阀组选取主控阀组传送过来的触发角与电压调节单元输出值经减法器后得到的触发角进行控制。

Description

一种高压直流输电串联阀组控制装置 技术领域
本发明属于高压直流输电、特高压直流输电领域，特别涉及一种高压直流输电串联阀组电流控制时阀组电压控制装置。
背景技术
高压直流输电设备将交流电流通过换流器转换为直流电流并且传输到另一个换流器，将直流电流又转换为交流电流。采用的换流器通常包括一个由可控功率半导体组成的阀组，每个阀组的功率半导体互相连接成六脉动或十二脉动桥。通常仅设置一个阀组用于电能传输，然而在一些应用中会需要互相串联多个这样的阀组。
如果阀组互相串联，则流过每个阀组的功率半导体的电流是相同的。如果每个阀组设置一个电流调节单元，每个电流调节单元调节共同的直流电流，由于存在测量误差和调节误差，每个电流调节单元输出的触发角不相同，相应阀组的电压将会产生振荡，可能会导致两个阀组的电压差别较大，阀组所连接的换流变压器分接头会频繁动作。
解决此问题的现有技术之一是串联阀组在所谓的极层面设置一个共同的电流调节单元，其中该共同的电流调节单元输出的触发角传输到每个串联的阀组。可选地，此共同的电流调节单元可设置在主控阀组，从控阀组采用主控阀组传送过来的触发角。串联阀组若连接到同一个交流电网，由于交流系统和换流变压器参数等相同，相同的电流调节单元输出的控制信号基本可以保证串联阀组的电压平衡。串联阀组若连接到不同交流电网，由于交流系统和换流变压器参数等不同，相同的电流调节单元输出的控制信号不能调节串联阀组的电压平衡，虽然可以借助换流变压器分接头来缩小电压差，但是动态响应速度变差并且无法消除换流变压器分接头调节步长内对应的电压差。
解决此问题的现有技术之二是将串联阀组的每个阀组的电流调节单元与电压平衡单元相结合，将电流调节误差和串联阀组之间的电压差同时引入一个PI调节器，用于电流控制和平衡串联阀组的电压。此方法对于串联阀组连接到相同 的交流电网或不同的交流电网，都可实现串联阀组的电压平衡，但是当电压采集单元出现故障并且电压平衡单元退出后，串联阀组无法调节共同的直流电流。
上述两种方案不能实现串联阀组之间的电压不平衡调节控制。在直流输电系统中，存在串联阀组之间电压调节的需求；如在高、低压阀组连接不同电压等级的交流电网的特高压直流输电场合，如果可以调节高、低压阀组之间的电压，则可以满足高、低压阀组所连接的不同交流电网的功率需求，一定程度上实现了所连接的不同交流电网功率的解耦控制。现有技术却不能满足，因为各串联阀组电压基本平衡、串联的电流相同，使得各串联阀组的功率基本相同。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是，提供一种高压直流输电串联阀组控制装置，用于调节具有两个及以上由分别具有可控的功率半导体的阀组组成的串联电路的高压直流输电设备采用电流控制时的阀组电压，可实现串联阀组电压的平衡或不平衡控制。
本发明的解决方案是：一种高压直流输电串联阀组控制装置，用于调节具有两个或两个以上由分别具有可控的功率半导体的阀组串联组成的高压直流输电设备，其特征在于，对于每个阀组设置一个电流调节单元和一个电压调节单元，电流调节单元用于控制流过与其对应的阀组的直流电流，电压调节单元用于控制与其对应的阀组两端电压；串联的阀组中选择一个作为主控阀组，其他作为从控阀组；主控阀组选取电流调节单元输出的触发角进行控制，从控阀组选取主控阀组传送过来的触发角与电压调节单元输出值经减法器后得到的触发角进行控制。
上述方案中，两个或两个以上串联的阀组同时工作时，只有一个阀组为主控阀组，其余的阀组为从控阀组；当主控阀组存在严重故障或退出运行时，其中一个无故障的从控阀组变为主控阀组，剩余的从控阀组仍为从控阀组。
上述方案中，所述的主控阀组传送过来的触发角是从控阀组通过控制装置之间直接或间接通讯得到。
上述方案中，所述的电流调节单元与阀组电流采集单元相连，每个所述阀组电流采集单元对应于一个阀组并且用于确定流过该阀组的电流；所述的电压调节单元与阀组电压采集单元相连，每个所述阀组电压采集单元对应于一个阀组并且用于确定在对应的阀组上降落的阀组电压。
上述方案中，所述的电压调节单元具有减法器，所述减法器的参考电压输入 为：选择主控阀组的电压或不平衡参考电压；所述减法器的测量电压输入为：与其相连的阀组电压采集单元输出的电压。
上述方案中，所述的电压调节单元具有一个PI调节器，PI调节器的输出连接一个减法器的负端，减法器的正端连接主控阀组传送过来的触发角。
本发明的有益效果：本发明提出一种高压直流输电串联阀组控制装置，通过对主控阀组进行电流控制，从控阀组选取主控阀组传送过来的触发角与电压调节单元输出值经减法器后得到的触发角来调节，实现了串联阀组电流控制时阀组之间的电压调节，来满足不同阀组的功率调节需求。
附图说明
图1为高压直流输电多个串联阀组的换流器；
图2为按照本发明的装置的实施例。
具体实施方式
对于每个阀组设置一个电流调节单元和一个电压调节单元，电流调节单元用于控制流过与其对应的阀组的直流电流，电压调节单元用于控制与其对应的阀组两端电压。串联阀组中选择一个作为主控阀组，其他作为从控阀组；主控阀组选取电流调节单元输出的触发角进行控制，用于控制流过串联电路的电流；从控阀组选取主控阀组传送过来的触发角与电压调节单元输出值经减法器后得到的触发角进行控制；电压调节单元用于调节串联阀组的电压，其输出值根据直流电压指令值与直流电压测量值比较经PI调节器产生。
按照本发明，在串联阀组运行模式下，主控阀组进行电流调节，从控阀组通过控制装置之间直接或间接通讯接收主控阀组的电流调节单元输出的触发角。为了调节阀组之间的电压，在从控阀组启用了其中设置的电压调节单元，该电压调节单元产生输出信号，并与接收自主控阀组的触发角经减法器后应用于阀组的电压控制；该控制信号仅作用于对应的从控阀组。
电压调节单元的参考电压输入：a、若选择为主控阀组的电压，则实现串联阀组在每个阀组上降落相同的电压，即阀组电压平衡调节；b、若选择为不平衡参考电压，则实现串联阀组在每个阀组上降落不同的电压，即阀组电压不平衡调节。从控阀组的电压为不平衡参考电压，主控阀组的电压为总直流电压减去每个 从控阀组的电压。
为了能够产生相应的输出信号，电流调节单元的测量电流输入与分别对应于一个阀组的电流采集单元相连。电流采集单元的测量信号被传输到电流调节单元，参考电流输入与测量电流输入经减法器后连接PI调节器并输出信号。电压调节单元的测量电压输入与分别对应于一个阀组的电压采集单元相连。电压采集单元的测量信号被传输到电压调节单元，参考电压输入与测量电压输入经减法器后连接PI调节器并输出信号，主控阀组传送过来的触发角与PI调节器的输出经减法器后输出，以这种方式可以实现局部的电压调节。上述符号的正、负由触发角和阀组电压关系确定，若阀组电压和触发角为增函数关系，则符号为正；若阀组电压和触发角为减函数关系，则符号为负。电压调节范围需要视串联阀组的每个阀组耐压值和阀组所连接的换流变压器绝缘、容量、分接头调节范围等而定。
当主控阀组存在严重故障，主控阀组变为从控阀组，其中一个无故障的从控阀组变为主控阀组；当主控阀组退出运行时，其中一个无故障的从控阀组变为主控阀组，剩余的从控阀组仍为从控阀组。如果只有一个阀组工作，则此阀组为主控阀组。
一种高压直流输电串联阀组控制装置，按照上述方法调节具有两个或两个以上由分别具有可控的功率半导体的阀组组成的串联电路。所述功率半导体是不可关断的晶闸管。
借助以下附图对本发明的实施例进行描述，其中，相同的组件使用相同的附图标记。图1示出了换流器11，其通过直流线路6与另一个换流器(图中未示出)相连。换流器11具有两个由阀组4组成的串联电路10，这些阀组分别可以通过直流开关5跨接。阀组4为十二脉动三相桥式电路，也就是包括两个互相串联连接的六脉动桥4a和4b，其分别与高压直流输电变压器3相连。此外，高压直流输电变压器3具有一个与交流电网1相连的初级绕组3a。要指出的是，交流电网是三相的，然而在图1中为清楚起见仅示出一相。高压直流输电变压器的次级绕组3b分为星形连接和角形连接，从而提供一个相差。
换流器11可以借助交流开关2与交流电网1分合。常规的特高压直流输电的换流器11所连接的交流电网1a，1b，1c和1d为同一个交流电网。与直流线路6相连的阀组4被称为高压阀组，与接地极导线7相连的阀组4被称为低压阀 组。高、低压阀组分层接入不同交流电网的特高压直流输电的换流器11高压阀组所连接的交流电网1a和1d为同一个交流电网，低压阀组所连接的交流电网1b和1c为另一个交流电网。由阀组4和对应的组件如高压直流输电变压器、交流开关和直流开关，组成的每个串联电路10也被作为极9表示，与一个阀组4对应的组件形成阀组单元8。图1中示出接地极导线7，其用于换流器11与接地极12的连接。
图2示出本发明的控制装置24的实施例，其用于调节在图1中示出的高压直流输电设备11。控制装置24包括电流调节单元17、电压调节单元13以及选择逻辑单元22，所述电流调节单元17和选择逻辑单元22构成组单元23。所述电流调节单元17输入为电流指令值Idref与实测值Idv1(Idv2)之差并与PI调节器18相连。电压调节单元13的参考值输入为主控阀组的电压Udv2(Udv1)或不平衡电压参考值Ud1vref(Ud2vref)。作为选择器14的选择输入信号，提供了电压平衡控制/电压不平衡控制信号15。选择器14的输出与阀组电压测量信号Udv1(Udv2)比较输出到PI调节器16。选取逻辑单元22包含两个选择器19和20，选择器19输入为自身电流调节单元的输出和另一个阀组的选择器19的输出，选择器19的输出连接到选择器20的输入。选择器20的另一个输入为选择器19的输出与电压调节单元13的输出相减值，需要说明的是，此实施例的阀组电压和触发角为减函数关系。作为一个阀组的选择器19和20的选择输入信号，提供了主控阀组/从控阀组信号导线21。作为另一个阀组的选择器19和20的选择输入信号，则为主控阀组/从控阀组信号21取非后连接。选择器20的输出为最终的触发角αord,作为用于功率半导体的控制信号。
若高压阀组为主控阀组，高压阀组的选择逻辑单元22的选择器19将选取电流调节单元的输出，选择器20选取选择器19的输出，触发角αord取值为高压阀组的电流调节器输出；低压阀组的选取逻辑单元22的选择器19将选取高压阀组的选择器19输出的触发角，选择器20选取选择器19的输出与电压调节单元13的输出相减值，触发角αord取值为高压阀组的触发角与电压调节单元13的输出相减值。若低压阀组的选择器14的选择输入信号为电压平衡控制，则选择器14的输出选取高压阀组的电压Udv1，与低压阀组电压测量信号Udv2比较输出到PI调节器16，实现阀组的电压平衡控制；若低压阀组的选择器14的选择输入信号为电压不平衡控制，则选择器14的输出选取不平衡电压参考值Udv2ref，与低 压阀组电压测量信号Udv2比较输出到PI调节器16，实现阀组的电压不平衡控制。若高压阀组退出运行，则低压阀组变为主控阀组，低压阀组的选择逻辑单元22的选择器19将选取电流调节单元的输出，选择器20选取选择器19的输出，触发角αord取值为低压阀组的电流调节器输出。上述实施方式类似地可用于低压阀组为主控阀组的情况。
通过分别对应于一个阀组4的合适的测量传感器进行实际值采集。例如通过串联电路10流动的电流，分别为高压阀组直流电流测量值Idv1，以及低压阀组直流电流测量值Idv2。高压阀组直流电流测量值Idv1以及低压阀组直流电流测量值Idv2分别利用测量传感器25和测量传感器26采集并作为实际值被传输到与阀组4对应的电流调节单元17。在极的三个测量位置，作为极直流母线电压Udl、阀组连接线电压Udm和极中性线电压Udn采集电压。所述的电压调节单元13所需的测量电压值可通过采集的电压通过合适的相减来得到，高压阀组电压测量值Udv1＝Udl-Udm，低压阀组电压测量值Udv2＝Udm-Udn。
电压调节单元的选择器14的选择输入信号，提供了电压平衡控制/电压不平衡控制信号导线15。电压参考值选择主控阀组的电压，则电压调节单元实现电压平衡控制；电压参考值选择不平衡参考电压，则电压调节单元实现电压不平衡控制。当从控阀组电压参考值选取主控阀组的电压时，如果从控阀组的电压大于主控阀组的电压，则从控电压调节单元13输出负的输出信号，该负的输出信号经PI调节器16与主控阀组输出的触发角相减应用于从控阀组，从而使从控阀组的触发角大于主控阀组的触发角，从控阀组的电压减小到与主控阀组的电压相同，从而实现阀组电压平衡控制，控制结果为Udv1＝Udv2；如果从控阀组的电压小于主控阀组的电压，可得到相同结论。同理，当从控阀组电压参考值选择不平衡参考电压时，可实现从控阀组的电压跟随此不平衡参考电压，实现阀组电压不平衡控制，控制结果为从控阀组电压为其参考电压值，主控阀组电压为直流极电压Ud＝Udl-Udn减去从控阀组电压参考值。
相应地，可以得到主控阀组所连接的交流电网功率和从控阀组所连接的交流电网功率，从而在一定程度上实现了所连接的不同交流电网功率的解耦控制。
以上实施例仅为说明本发明的技术思想，不能以此限定本发明的保护范围，凡是按照本发明提出的技术思想，在技术方案基础上所做的任何改动，均落入本发明保护范围之内。

Claims (6)

  1. 一种高压直流输电串联阀组控制装置，用于调节具有两个或两个以上由分别具有可控的功率半导体的阀组串联组成的高压直流输电设备，其特征在于，
    对于每个阀组设置一个电流调节单元和一个电压调节单元，电流调节单元用于控制流过与其对应的阀组的直流电流，电压调节单元用于控制与其对应的阀组两端电压；串联的阀组中选择一个作为主控阀组，其他作为从控阀组；主控阀组选取电流调节单元输出的触发角进行控制，从控阀组选取主控阀组传送过来的触发角与电压调节单元输出值经减法器后得到的触发角进行控制。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种高压直流输电串联阀组控制装置，其特征在于：两个或两个以上串联的阀组同时工作时，只有一个阀组为主控阀组，其余的阀组为从控阀组；当主控阀组存在严重故障或退出运行时，其中一个无故障的从控阀组变为主控阀组，剩余的从控阀组仍为从控阀组。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种高压直流输电串联阀组控制装置，其特征在于：所述的主控阀组传送过来的触发角是从控阀组通过控制装置之间直接或间接通讯得到。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种高压直流输电串联阀组控制装置，其特征在于：所述的电流调节单元与阀组电流采集单元相连，每个所述阀组电流采集单元对应于一个阀组并且用于确定流过该阀组的电流；所述的电压调节单元与阀组电压采集单元相连，每个所述阀组电压采集单元对应于一个阀组并且用于确定在对应的阀组上降落的阀组电压。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的一种高压直流输电串联阀组控制装置，其特征在于：所述的电压调节单元具有减法器，所述减法器的参考电压输入为：选择主控阀组的电压或不平衡参考电压；所述减法器的测量电压输入为：与其相连的阀组电压采集单元输出的电压。
  6. 根据权利要求4所述的一种高压直流输电串联阀组控制装置，其特征在于：所述的电压调节单元具有一个PI调节器，PI调节器的输出连接一个减法器的负端，减法器的正端连接主控阀组传送过来的触发角。
PCT/CN2016/071587 2015-01-21 2016-01-21 一种高压直流输电串联阀组控制装置 WO2016116057A1 (zh)

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