WO2016112585A1 - 一种桩架及其安装方法 - Google Patents

一种桩架及其安装方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016112585A1
WO2016112585A1 PCT/CN2015/074364 CN2015074364W WO2016112585A1 WO 2016112585 A1 WO2016112585 A1 WO 2016112585A1 CN 2015074364 W CN2015074364 W CN 2015074364W WO 2016112585 A1 WO2016112585 A1 WO 2016112585A1
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Prior art keywords
telescopic
hinged
cylinder
active
column
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PCT/CN2015/074364
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
钱奂云
陈梓林
史筱晖
李海舰
邓超
刘进学
曾素
张峰
Original Assignee
山河智能装备股份有限公司
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Application filed by 山河智能装备股份有限公司 filed Critical 山河智能装备股份有限公司
Priority to JP2017537437A priority Critical patent/JP6483268B2/ja
Priority to KR1020177009904A priority patent/KR101894388B1/ko
Publication of WO2016112585A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016112585A1/zh

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D7/00—Methods or apparatus for placing sheet pile bulkheads, piles, mouldpipes, or other moulds
    • E02D7/02—Placing by driving
    • E02D7/06—Power-driven drivers
    • E02D7/14—Components for drivers inasmuch as not specially for a specific driver construction
    • E02D7/16—Scaffolds or supports for drivers
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D2250/00—Production methods

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a pile frame, and more particularly to a pile frame that does not require self-standing force by external force, and the present invention also relates to a method of installing the pile frame.
  • the pile frame is an indispensable mechanical equipment in the construction of the foundation of the building. All kinds of foundation construction machines such as pile driver and drilling machine are to be hung and installed on the pile frame for construction; the pile frame is in various pile frames.
  • the track pile frame is generally composed mainly of the chassis, the fuselage, the column, the inclined support and the power hydraulic system. Since the column is long (generally 20 to 40 meters), the column needs to be dismantled and disassembled during long-distance transition transportation. After the new venue, re-install it. Therefore, the inverted pile of the track pile post is an important part of the track pile installation process.
  • such well-known (such as the fifth chapter of "Pile Machinery” published by the Machinery Industry Press) track pile frame and its installation methods are as follows:
  • the first type is a kind of pile frame that uses the crane to assist the operation and uses the vertical hoist to drive the pulley block to stand.
  • the main crane to hang the earrings on the column assembly, pay attention to the parking position of the crane should be appropriate (recommended on the right side of the machine), the auxiliary crane is placed on the opposite side of the main crane, and the side is first hung Support rod (recommended as left support rod). (See Figure 1, Figure 2, Figure 3, Figure 4, Figure 5, and Figure 6 for details).
  • the main crane lifts the column upwards and at the same time starts the hoisting of the vertical frame, and then slowly tightens the vertical wire rope to ensure that the vertical hoisting is synchronized with the crane.
  • the vertical frame hoisting and slow pull-up column will be started.
  • the main crane will follow the movement.
  • the vertical frame wins the brake and stops the vertical frame. .
  • the second type is a pile frame that uses a hoist to drive the pulley block.
  • the front and rear legs of the pile frame are fully opened and extended to improve the stability of the machine.
  • Pull the vertical hoist handle slowly back at medium speed. Start erecting the column. Pull up to the tensioning wire rope to fully stop the force, check whether the connecting parts, connecting wire rope, collar, pin, etc. are firm and reliable. Pull the column up to 100-200mm and brake it to see if the brake is reliable. It can be lifted several times in a row. The column rises to 780-820, and the variable hoisting handle is returned to the neutral position.
  • the quality of the column of the pile frame should not be too large. Otherwise, it is impossible to achieve self-reliance by using the hoisting. Secondly, the safety of the hoisting stand is not enough.
  • the third type is that when the height of the stand is small, a set of cylinders can be used for the vertical/reverse operation of the stand.
  • the column, the cylinder and the fuselage are hinged into a large triangle, and the verticality of the column is adjusted by the contraction of the cylinder. (See Figure 7 for details).
  • the height of the column cannot be too high, the fulcrum is low, and the stability is not high.
  • the first technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a pile frame which can be self-standing and has a simple and safe process.
  • the second technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a simple and safe installation method for the pile stand.
  • the present invention provides a pile frame comprising a column, a fuselage and an inclined support, the column is hinged at a front end of the fuselage, and at least one end of the inclined support is provided with a first active or passive expansion and contraction.
  • one end of the oblique support is hinged to the column, one end of the inline frame and one end of the second telescopic device having an active or passive telescopic function are respectively hinged to the body, the body a locking hole is provided, the other end of the oblique support, the first frame and the second end of the second telescopic device having an active or passive telescopic function are hinged to a hinge hole, and a pin can The hinge hole is locked with the lock hole.
  • One end of the oblique support is hinged to the sliding device, and the sliding device is free to slide on the guide rail of the column and can lock the sliding device on the column with a pin.
  • One end of the inline frame is hinged to the front end ear plate of the fuselage, and one end of the second telescopic device having an active or passive telescopic function is hinged to the rear end ear plate of the fuselage.
  • the keyhole is provided in the middle of the fuselage.
  • the first telescopic device having an active or passive telescopic function at one end of the oblique support is a first telescopic cylinder, and one end of the first telescopic cylinder is hinged with the hinge hole.
  • One end of the inline frame is hinged to the front end ear plate of the fuselage, and one end of the second telescopic device having an active or passive telescopic function is hinged to the middle ear plate of the fuselage, the locking hole Located at the rear end of the fuselage.
  • the first telescopic device having an active or passive telescopic function at one end of the oblique support is a second telescopic cylinder and the second telescopic cylinder is hinged to the column, and the other end of the oblique support is
  • the first telescopic device having an active or passive telescopic function is a first telescopic cylinder, and one end of the first telescopic cylinder is hinged to the hinge hole.
  • One end of the inline frame is hinged to the front end ear plate of the fuselage, and one end of the second telescopic device having an active or passive telescopic function is hinged to the middle ear plate of the fuselage, the locking hole Located at the rear end of the fuselage.
  • the first telescopic device having an active or passive telescopic function at one end of the oblique support is a second telescopic cylinder and the second telescopic cylinder is hinged with the sliding device, and the oblique support is another
  • the first telescopic device having an active or passive telescopic function at one end is a first telescopic cylinder, and one end of the first telescopic cylinder is hinged to the hinge hole.
  • the first telescopic device having an active or passive telescopic function and the second telescopic device having an active or passive telescopic function are telescopic cylinders, and the telescopic cylinder is a multi-stage telescopic composite cylinder.
  • the installation method of the pile frame provided by the present invention is such that when the vertical position is reached, the lifting cylinder is contracted, and when the defined position is reached, the hinge movement of the inclined support, the inline frame and the lifting cylinder is also performed.
  • the hinge hole and the locking hole are locked together by the pin shaft, and the lifting cylinder is locked, and then the telescopic cylinder is adjusted to smoothly pull the column to the vertical state; or, firstshrinking the telescopic cylinder, when it reaches the limit position, contracting the lifting cylinder, when the hinge point of the diagonal support, the inline bracket and the lifting cylinder move to the fixed position of the locking hole of the fuselage, the hinge hole is used by the pin shaft After being locked with the lock hole, the lift cylinder is locked, and then the telescopic cylinder is adjusted so that the column reaches a vertical state; when it is collapsed, it is opposite to the above action.
  • the oblique support, the inline frame and the lifting cylinder are hinged at one point, and can be fixed on the fuselage.
  • the other end of the oblique support is hinged on the column and can slide on the column rail.
  • One end or both ends of the diagonal support are telescopic cylinders, which can control the elongation and contraction of the oblique support, and one end of the inclined column slides on the column slide rail at the limit.
  • the position is fixed with a pin.
  • the other end of the lift cylinder is hinged to the fuselage, and the lift cylinder is free to swing with the fixed hinge point, and can be extended and contracted to control the swing of the oblique support and the inline frame.
  • the lift cylinder shrinks.
  • the limit position is reached, the hinge point of the diagonal support, the bracket and the lift cylinder moves to the fixed position of the fuselage.
  • the lift cylinder is locked. Die State, then adjust the telescopic cylinder to smoothly pull the column to the vertical state. Or, firstly, the telescopic cylinder is contracted, and when it reaches the limit position, the lift cylinder is contracted, and when the hinge point of the diagonal support, the inline bracket and the lift cylinder is moved to the fixed position of the fuselage, the pin is fixed and then lifted. The lift cylinder is locked and the telescopic cylinder is adjusted so that the column reaches a vertical position.
  • the invention has the advantages that the structure and the operation process are simple, no other auxiliary machine is needed, the cost of the stand can be reduced, and the hoisting stand is not required, and the stability is high.
  • the present invention is a pile frame that can be self-supporting and has a simple and safe process.
  • the installation method is a simple and stable manner, which can effectively reduce the cost and increase the efficiency of the machine work.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a conventional pile frame using a winch and an auxiliary crane
  • Figure 2 is a first schematic view of the stacking process of the pile frame shown in Figure 1;
  • FIG 3 is a second schematic view of the pile stand vertical process shown in Figure 1;
  • Figure 4 is a third step view of the pile stand vertical process shown in Figure 1;
  • Figure 5 is a fourth step view of the stacking process of the pile frame shown in Figure 1;
  • Figure 6 is a fifth step view of the stacking process of the pile frame shown in Figure 1;
  • Figure 7 is a schematic view of a conventional pile frame using a set of cylinders
  • Figure 8 is a schematic view showing the structure of the first pile frame of the present invention.
  • Figure 9 is a first schematic view of the first pile stand erection process of the present invention.
  • Figure 10 is a second schematic view of the first pile stand erection process of the present invention.
  • Figure 11 is a third step view of the first pile stand erection process of the present invention.
  • Figure 12 is a schematic view showing the structure of a second pile frame of the present invention.
  • Figure 13 is a first schematic view of the second pile stand erection process of the present invention.
  • Figure 14 is a second schematic view of the second pile stand erection process of the present invention.
  • Figure 15 is a third step view of the second pile stand erection process of the present invention.
  • a chassis 1 having a crawler walking device, a body 2, a column 3, a diagonal support 4, and a power hydraulic system 5 are included.
  • the column 3 is hinged at the front end of the body 2, and one end of the frame 6 and the body 2 are The front end ear plate is hinged and can swing freely around the hinge point, one end of the lifting cylinder 7 is hinged to the rear end ear plate of the body 2 and can swing freely around the hinge point, and one end of the diagonal support 4 is hinged with the column 3, or
  • One end of the inclined support 4 is hinged with the sliding device 8, the sliding device 8 is free to slide on the guide rail of the column 3, and the sliding device 8 and the column 3 can be locked by the pin shaft, and the other end of the inclined support 4 is the first telescopic cylinder 10,
  • the middle of the fuselage 2 is provided with a locking hole 12, and the first telescopic cylinder 10, the other end of the in-line rack 6 and the other end of the lifting cylinder 7 are hinged with a hinge hole 11, and
  • the swing of the inline frame 6 can be driven, and the operation of the column 3 can be driven by the oblique support 4.
  • the expansion and contraction of the first telescopic cylinder 10 can adjust the angle of the column 3.
  • the lift cylinder 7 is contracted, and when the defined position is reached, when the hinge point of the diagonal support 4, the inline frame 6 and the lift cylinder 7 is moved to the fixed position of the keyhole 12 in the middle of the body 2, After the hinge hole 11 and the lock hole 12 are locked together by the pin shaft, the lift cylinder 7 is locked, and the first telescopic cylinder 10 is adjusted to smoothly pull the column 3 to the vertical state.
  • the first telescopic cylinder 10 is first contracted, and when it reaches the extreme position, the lift cylinder 7 is contracted, and when the hinges of the diagonal support 4, the inline frame 6 and the lift cylinder 7 are moved to the middle of the fuselage 2
  • the hinge hole 11 and the lock hole 12 are locked together by the pin shaft to fix the rear lift cylinder 7 in a locked state, and then the first telescopic cylinder 10 is adjusted so that the column 3 reaches the vertical state. When it is down, it is opposite to the above action.
  • the chassis 1, the fuselage 2, the column 3, and the oblique branch including the crawler walking device The support 4 and the power hydraulic system 5, the column 3 is hinged at the front end of the fuselage 2, one end of the bracket 6 is hinged to the front end of the fuselage 2, and is free to swing around the hinge point, and one end of the lift cylinder 7 is The middle ear plate of the fuselage 2 is hinged and can swing freely around the hinge point, one end of the diagonal support 4 is hinged with the column 3, or one end of the diagonal support 4 is a second telescopic cylinder 9 and the second telescopic cylinder 9 is hinged with the sliding device 8 The sliding device 8 is free to slide on the guide rail of the column 3, and the sliding device 8 and the column 3 can be locked by the pin shaft.
  • the other end of the diagonal support 4 is the first telescopic cylinder 10, and the rear end of the body 2 is provided with a locking hole. 12.
  • the first telescopic cylinder 10, the other end of the in-line frame 6, and the other end of the lift cylinder 7 are hinged to a hinge hole 11, and a pin can lock the hinge hole 11 and the lock hole 12 together.
  • the swing of the inline frame 6 can be driven, and the operation of the column 3 can be driven by the oblique support 4.
  • the expansion and contraction of the first telescopic cylinder 10 and the second telescopic cylinder 9 can adjust the angle of the column 3.
  • the second telescopic cylinder 9 contracts, and when the defined position is reached, the lift cylinder 7 is contracted, so that the hinge points of the diagonal support 4, the inline rack 6 and the lift cylinder 7 are moved to the rear end of the fuselage 2.
  • the upper end of the diagonal support 4 of the embodiment 1 may be additionally hinged to the sliding device 8 after the second telescopic cylinder 9 of the second embodiment, and it is not limited to a telescopic cylinder, which may be a telescopic device having an active or passive telescopic function.
  • the telescopic cylinder of the present invention may also be a multi-stage telescopic composite cylinder.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Placing Or Removing Of Piles Or Sheet Piles, Or Accessories Thereof (AREA)
  • Conveying And Assembling Of Building Elements In Situ (AREA)
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Abstract

一种桩架，包括立柱(3)、机身(2)和斜支撑(4)，立柱(3)铰接在机身(2)的前端，斜支撑(4)的至少一端设有第一具有主动或被动伸缩功能的伸缩装置，斜支撑(4)的一端与立柱(3)铰接，一字架(6)的一端和第二具有主动或被动伸缩功能的伸缩装置的一端均分别与机身(2)铰接，机身(2)上设有锁孔(12)，斜支撑(4)、一字架(6)的另一端和第二具有主动或被动伸缩功能的伸缩装置的另一端均与一个铰接孔(11)铰接，一个销轴能将铰接孔(11)与锁孔(12)锁死在一起。还提供了一种安装桩架的方法，该方法使得整个立桅过程安全平稳、简单高效。

Description

一种桩架及其安装方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种桩架，特别是涉及一种无需借助外界力量进行自立桅的桩架，本发明还涉及该桩架的安装方法。
背景技术
桩架是建筑基础施工中必不可少的一种机械设备，各种打桩机、钻孔机等基础施工机械，均要悬挂和安装在桩架上进行施工；桩架是各类桩架中的一种，其以履带行走方式进行位置移动，具有灵活方便的特点，因而在建筑基础施工中被广泛地使用。履带桩架一般主要由底盘、机身、立柱、斜支撑和动力液压系统等组成，由于其立柱较长(一般20～40米)，在长距离转场运输时，需要将立柱倒桅拆卸，到新的场地后再重新立桅安装。因此，履带桩架立柱的倒桅立桅作业是履带桩架安装过程中的一个重要环节。目前这类被公知的(如机械工业出版社出版的《桩工机械》第五章发表的)履带桩架及其安装方法有以下几种：
第一种为借用起重机辅助作业，用立桅卷扬带动滑轮组立桅的一种桩架。先选择合适吊车，主吊车吊住立柱总成上的耳环，注意吊车的停放位置要适当(推荐在机器的右侧适当位置)，辅助吊车置于主吊车的相反侧、并先吊住该侧的支撑杆(推荐为左侧支撑杆)。(详见图1、图2、图3、图4、图5和图6)。
主吊车向上提升立柱，同时启动竖架卷扬，随之慢慢拉紧竖架钢丝绳，保证竖架卷扬与吊车同步。待立柱吊至450以上时，开始启用竖架卷扬缓慢主动拉立柱，主吊车随动与之同步，当立柱升至与水平成75～800左右时，竖架卷扬制动、停止竖架。接通支撑杆油缸油管，用辅助吊车将吊着支撑杆的球头座对准固定位置，伸出伸缩油缸活塞 杆，用螺栓将伸缩油缸球头座固定到安装位置，然后取下辅助吊车吊钩开往机器另一次做相同操作，将另一侧的支撑杆安装好。两个伸缩油缸球头座安装好后，取下主吊车吊钩，竖架卷扬仍为制动停止状态，改用支撑杆油缸收缩继续竖架；通过操作左右支撑杆油缸的收缩将整个桩架拉起到900工作状态。
采用上述方法立桅时，不仅需要两台起重机，还需立桅卷扬工作，拆卸斜支撑，立桅过程复杂且成本高。
第二种为利用卷扬带动滑轮组立桅的一种桩架。该桩架在立桅前，需在机器下垫钢板，保证周围场地安全且适合立桅。将桩架的前后支腿完全打开且伸出，提高机器的稳定性。以中等转速将立桅卷扬手柄慢慢地向后拉。开始竖起立柱。拉起至起架张紧钢丝绳充分受力停止，检查各连接件、连接钢丝绳、套环、销轴等是否牢固可靠。使立柱拉起100-200mm后制动，观察制动是否可靠，连续几次方可起架。立柱起升到780～820，将变幅卷扬手柄回复到中立位置。安装斜撑，斜撑安装好后操作左右斜撑油缸(注意应使左右油缸的动作基本同步，否则会损坏立柱，严重时可能会引起整车的颠覆)按钮，将立柱调整至垂直。(立桅过程可参见图2、图3、图4、图5和图6)，无需使用吊车)。
采用上述方法立桅时，首先此桩架的立柱质量不能太大，否则仅用卷扬是无法达到自立桅的；其次，利用卷扬立桅安全性不够。
第三种为当立桅高度较小时，可以采用一组油缸进行立桅的倒/立桅作业。立柱、油缸以及机身铰接成一个大三角，利用油缸的收缩调节立柱的垂直度。(详见图7)。采用此种方式立桅的桩架，其立柱高度不能太高，支点较低，稳定性不高。
因此，解决大型桩架立桅时操作简单且安全性高是在本技术领域亟待解决的问题。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的第一个技术问题是提供一种能自立桅且立桅过程简单、安全性高的桩架。
本发明所要解决的第二个技术问题是提供该桩架的立桅过程简单、安全性高的安装方法。
为了解决上述第一个技术问题，本发明提供的桩架，包括立柱、机身和斜支撑，立柱铰接在机身的前端，所述的斜支撑的至少一端设有第一具有主动或被动伸缩功能的伸缩装置，所述的斜支撑的一端与所述的立柱铰接，一字架的一端和第二具有主动或被动伸缩功能的伸缩装置的一端均分别与所述的机身铰接，机身上设有锁孔，所述的斜支撑、一字架的另一端和所述的第二具有主动或被动伸缩功能的伸缩装置的另一端均与一个铰接孔铰接，一个销轴能将所述的铰接孔与所述的锁孔锁死在一起。
所述的斜支撑的一端与滑动装置铰接，所述的滑动装置在所述的立柱的导轨上自由滑动且能用销轴将所述的滑动装置锁死在所述的立柱上。
所述的一字架的一端与所述的机身的前端耳板铰接，所述的第二具有主动或被动伸缩功能的伸缩装置的一端与所述的机身的后端耳板铰接，所述的锁孔设在所述的机身的中部。
所述的斜支撑的一端的所述的第一具有主动或被动伸缩功能的伸缩装置为第一伸缩油缸，所述的第一伸缩油缸的一端均与所述的铰接孔铰接。
所述的一字架的一端与机身的前端耳板铰接，所述的第二具有主动或被动伸缩功能的伸缩装置的一端与所述的机身的中部耳板铰接，所述的锁孔设在所述的机身的后端。
所述的斜支撑的一端的所述的第一具有主动或被动伸缩功能的伸缩装置为第二伸缩油缸且所述的第二伸缩油缸与所述的立柱铰接，斜支撑的另一端的所述的第一具有主动或被动伸缩功能的伸缩装置为第一伸缩油缸，所述的第一伸缩油缸的一端与所述的铰接孔铰接。
所述的一字架的一端与机身的前端耳板铰接，所述的第二具有主动或被动伸缩功能的伸缩装置的一端与所述的机身的中部耳板铰接，所述的锁孔设在所述的机身的后端。
所述的斜支撑的一端的所述的第一具有主动或被动伸缩功能的伸缩装置为第二伸缩油缸且所述的第二伸缩油缸与所述的滑动装置铰接，所述的斜支撑的另一端的所述的第一具有主动或被动伸缩功能的伸缩装置为第一伸缩油缸，所述的第一伸缩油缸的一端与所述的铰接孔铰接。
所述的第一具有主动或被动伸缩功能的伸缩装置和所述的第二具有主动或被动伸缩功能的伸缩装置为伸缩油缸，所述的伸缩油缸是多级伸缩的复合式油缸。
为了解决上述第二个技术问题，本提供的桩架的安装方法，立桅时，举升油缸收缩，当达到限定位置时，也是斜支撑、一字架和举升油缸三者的铰点运动到机身的锁孔的固定位置时，用销轴将铰接孔与锁孔锁死在一起固定后举升油缸处于锁死状态，再调节伸缩油缸从而顺利将立柱拉到垂直状态；或者，先收缩伸缩油缸，当其达到极限位置时，收缩举升油缸，当斜支撑、一字架和举升油缸三者的铰点运动到机身的锁孔的固定位置时，用销轴将铰接孔与锁孔锁死在一起固定后举升油缸处于锁死状态，然后调节伸缩油缸，使得立柱达到垂直状态；倒桅时，则与上述动作相反。
采用上述技术方案的桩架及其安装方法，斜支撑、一字架、举升油缸三者铰接于一点，且可固定在机身上。斜支撑另一端铰接在立柱上，且可在立柱滑轨上滑动，斜支撑的一端或者两端为伸缩油缸，可控制斜支撑伸长与收缩，其一端在立柱滑轨上滑动时，在极限位置用销轴固定。举升油缸另一端铰接在机身上，举升油缸以此固定铰点自由摆动,且可伸长与收缩从而控制斜支撑和一字架的摆动。立桅时，举升油缸收缩，当达到限定位置时，也是斜支撑、一字架和举升油缸三者的铰点运动到机身的固定位置时，将销轴固定后举升油缸处于锁死 状态，再调节伸缩油缸从而可顺利将立柱拉到垂直状态。或者，先收缩伸缩油缸，当其达到极限位置时，收缩举升油缸，当斜支撑、一字架和举升油缸三者的铰点运动到机身的固定位置时，将销轴固定后举升油缸处于锁死状态，然后调节伸缩油缸，使得立柱达到垂直状态。
本发明的优点是：结构和操作过程简单，无需采用其他辅助机器，可降低立桅成本，也无需用卷扬立桅，稳定性高。
综上所述，本发明是一种能自立桅且立桅过程简单、安全性高的桩架。其安装方法是一种操作简单且稳定性高的一种立桅方式，能够有效的降低成本的同时增加机器工作的效率。
附图说明
构成本发明的一部分的附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解，本发明的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本发明，并不构成对本发明的不当限定。在附图中：
图1是现有的桩架利用卷扬、辅助吊车等立桅示意图；
图2是图1所示桩架立桅过程第一步示意图；
图3是图1所示桩架立桅过程第二步示意图；
图4是图1所示桩架立桅过程第三步示意图；
图5是图1所示桩架立桅过程第四步示意图；
图6是图1所示桩架立桅过程第五步示意图；
图7是现有的桩架利用一组油缸立桅的示意图；
图8是本发明的第一种桩架结构示意图；
图9是本发明的第一种桩架立桅过程第一步示意图；
图10是本发明的第一种桩架立桅过程第二步示意图；
图11是本发明的第一种桩架立桅过程第三步示意图；
图12是本发明的第二种桩架结构示意图；
图13是本发明的第二种桩架立桅过程第一步示意图；
图14是本发明的第二种桩架立桅过程第二步示意图；
图15是本发明的第二种桩架立桅过程第三步示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图及实施例，对本发明作进一步说明。
实施例1：
参见图8，包括具有履带行走装置的底盘1、机身2、立柱3、斜支撑4和动力液压系统5，立柱3铰接在机身2的前端，一字架6的一端与机身2的前端耳板铰接，并可围绕此铰接点自由摆动，举升油缸7的一端与机身2的后端耳板铰接并可围绕此铰接点自由摆动，斜支撑4的一端与立柱3铰接，或斜支撑4的一端与滑动装置8铰接，滑动装置8在立柱3的导轨上自由滑动，可以用销轴将滑动装置8和立柱3锁死，斜支撑4的另一端为第一伸缩油缸10，机身2的中部设有锁孔12，第一伸缩油缸10、一字架6的另一端和举升油缸7的另一端均与一个铰接孔11铰接，一个销轴能将铰接孔11与锁孔12锁死在一起。
参见图8、图9、图10和图11，利用举升油缸7的伸缩，可以带动一字架6的摆动，通过斜支撑4而带动立柱3的动作。第一伸缩油缸10的伸缩则可调节立柱3的角度。立桅时，举升油缸7收缩，当达到限定位置时，也是斜支撑4、一字架6和举升油缸7三者的铰点运动到机身2的中部的锁孔12的固定位置时，用销轴将铰接孔11与锁孔12锁死在一起固定后举升油缸7处于锁死状态，再调节第一伸缩油缸10从而可顺利将立柱3拉到垂直状态。或者，先收缩第一伸缩油缸10，当其达到极限位置时，收缩举升油缸7，当斜支撑4、一字架6和举升油缸7三者的铰点运动到机身2的中部的锁孔12的固定位置时，用销轴将铰接孔11与锁孔12锁死在一起固定后举升油缸7处于锁死状态，然后调节第一伸缩油缸10，使得立柱3达到垂直状态。倒桅时，则与上述动作相反。
实施例2：
参见图12，包括有履带行走装置的底盘1、机身2、立柱3、斜支 撑4和动力液压系统5，立柱3铰接在机身2的前端，一字架6的一端与机身2的前端耳板铰接，并可围绕此铰接点自由摆动，举升油缸7的一端与机身2的中部耳板铰接并可围绕此铰接点自由摆动，斜支撑4的一端与立柱3铰接，或斜支撑4的一端为第二伸缩油缸9且第二伸缩油缸9与滑动装置8铰接，滑动装置8在立柱3的导轨上自由滑动，可以用销轴将滑动装置8和立柱3锁死，斜支撑4的另一端为第一伸缩油缸10，机身2的后端设有锁孔12，第一伸缩油缸10、一字架6的另一端和举升油缸7的另一端均与一个铰接孔11铰接，一个销轴能将铰接孔11与锁孔12锁死在一起。
参见图12、图13、图9和图15，利用举升油缸7的伸缩，可以带动一字架6的摆动，通过斜支撑4而带动立柱3的动作。第一伸缩油缸10和第二伸缩油缸9的伸缩则可调节立柱3的角度。立桅时，第二伸缩油缸9收缩，当达到限定位置时，收缩举升油缸7，使得斜支撑4、一字架6和举升油缸7三者的铰点运动到机身2的后端设有的锁孔12固定位置时，用销轴将铰接孔11与锁孔12锁死在一起固定后举升油缸7处于锁死状态，再调节第一伸缩油缸10从而可顺利将立柱3拉到垂直状态。倒桅时，则与上述动作相反。
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。例如：实施例1的斜支撑4的上端也可以增设实施例2的第二伸缩油缸9之后与滑动装置8铰接，而且其不局限为伸缩油缸，其可以是具有主动或被动伸缩功能的伸缩装置；本发明所述的伸缩油缸也可以是可多级伸缩的复合式油缸。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种桩架，包括立柱(3)、机身(2)和斜支撑(4)，立柱(3)铰接在机身(2)的前端，其特征是：所述的斜支撑(4)的至少一端设有第一具有主动或被动伸缩功能的伸缩装置，所述的斜支撑(4)的一端与所述的立柱(3)铰接，一字架(6)的一端和第二具有主动或被动伸缩功能的伸缩装置的一端均分别与所述的机身(2)铰接，机身(2)上设有锁孔(12)，所述的斜支撑(4)、一字架(6)的另一端和所述的第二具有主动或被动伸缩功能的伸缩装置的另一端均与一个铰接孔(11)铰接，一个销轴能将所述的铰接孔(11)与所述的锁孔(12)锁死在一起。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的桩架，其特征在于：所述的斜支撑(4)的一端与滑动装置(8)铰接，所述的滑动装置(8)在所述的立柱(3)的导轨上自由滑动且能用销轴将所述的滑动装置(8)锁死在所述的立柱(3)上。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的桩架，其特征是：所述的一字架(6)的一端与所述的机身(2)的前端耳板铰接，所述的第二具有主动或被动伸缩功能的伸缩装置的一端与所述的机身(2)的后端耳板铰接，所述的锁孔(12)设在所述的机身(2)的中部。
  4. 根据权利要求1或2所述的桩架，其特征是：所述的斜支撑(4)的一端的所述的第一具有主动或被动伸缩功能的伸缩装置为第一伸缩油缸(10)，所述的第一伸缩油缸(10)的一端均与所述的铰接孔(11)铰接。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的桩架，其特征是：所述的一字架(6)的一端与机身(2)的前端耳板铰接，所述的第二具有主动或被动伸缩功能的伸缩装置的一端与所述的机身(2)的中部耳板铰接，所述的锁孔(12)设在所述的机身(2)的后端。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的桩架，其特征是：所述的斜支撑(4) 的一端的所述的第一具有主动或被动伸缩功能的伸缩装置为第二伸缩油缸(9)且所述的第二伸缩油缸(9)与所述的立柱(3)铰接，斜支撑(4)的另一端的所述的第一具有主动或被动伸缩功能的伸缩装置为第一伸缩油缸(10)，所述的第一伸缩油缸(10)的一端与所述的铰接孔(11)铰接。
  7. 根据权利要求2所述的桩架，其特征是：所述的一字架(6)的一端与机身(2)的前端耳板铰接，所述的第二具有主动或被动伸缩功能的伸缩装置的一端与所述的机身(2)的中部耳板铰接，所述的锁孔(12)设在所述的机身(2)的后端。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的桩架，其特征是：所述的斜支撑(4)的一端的所述的第一具有主动或被动伸缩功能的伸缩装置为第二伸缩油缸(9)且所述的第二伸缩油缸(9)与所述的滑动装置(8)铰接，所述的斜支撑(4)的另一端的所述的第一具有主动或被动伸缩功能的伸缩装置为第一伸缩油缸(10)，所述的第一伸缩油缸(10)的一端与所述的铰接孔(11)铰接。
  9. 根据权利要求1或2所述的桩架，其特征是：所述的第一具有主动或被动伸缩功能的伸缩装置和所述的第二具有主动或被动伸缩功能的伸缩装置为伸缩油缸，所述的伸缩油缸是多级伸缩的复合式油缸。
  10. 安装权利要求1所述的桩架的方法，其特征是：立桅时，举升油缸收缩，当达到限定位置时，也是斜支撑、一字架和举升油缸三者的铰点运动到机身的锁孔的固定位置时，用销轴将铰接孔与锁孔锁死在一起固定后举升油缸处于锁死状态，再调节伸缩油缸从而顺利将立柱拉到垂直状态；或者，先收缩伸缩油缸，当其达到极限位置时，收缩举升油缸，当斜支撑、一字架和举升油缸三者的铰点运动到机身的锁孔的固定位置时，用销轴将铰接孔与锁孔锁死在一起固定后举升油缸处于锁死状态，然后调节伸缩油缸，使得立柱达到垂直状态；倒桅时，则与上述动作相反。
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