WO2016110222A1 - 底部干燥式污泥干化装置和方法 - Google Patents

底部干燥式污泥干化装置和方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016110222A1
WO2016110222A1 PCT/CN2015/100115 CN2015100115W WO2016110222A1 WO 2016110222 A1 WO2016110222 A1 WO 2016110222A1 CN 2015100115 W CN2015100115 W CN 2015100115W WO 2016110222 A1 WO2016110222 A1 WO 2016110222A1
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Prior art keywords
sludge
drying
flipping
drying chamber
ratchet
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PCT/CN2015/100115
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
谭玮
Original Assignee
广州新致晟环保科技机械设备有限公司
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Publication of WO2016110222A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016110222A1/zh

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
    • C02F11/12—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening
    • C02F11/13—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening by heating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B17/00—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement
    • F26B17/10—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement with movement performed by fluid currents, e.g. issuing from a nozzle, e.g. pneumatic, flash, vortex or entrainment dryers

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of sludge drying, and generally relates to a sludge drying device, and more particularly to a bottom drying sludge drying device in a monomer form and using the sludge drying device The method of sludge drying.
  • Sludge is a by-product produced in the sewage treatment process, and the sewage treatment plant usually uses the method of concentration and dehydration to reduce the water content of the sludge from more than 90% to 60-80%, and then the treated sludge is landfilled. Curing or drying treatment. Landfill is easy to ferment the sludge and cause secondary pollution. However, the existing curing or drying equipment has a viscosity of about 40-60% and the sludge has strong viscosity, easy to agglomerate and difficult to break. The sludge process requires a large amount of energy, so the cost is high, the efficiency is low, and the sludge reduction is poor, which is difficult to meet the demand for processing a large amount of sludge.
  • Chinese invention patent CN101186422A proposes a closed multi-chamber fluidized bed sludge drying method.
  • the fluidized bed used in this method is not only energy-intensive but also inefficient, and it is difficult to achieve continuous and large-scale sludge drying treatment.
  • the Chinese utility model patent CN203319838U proposes a sludge solidification treatment mixer.
  • the mixer mixes the sludge with the dry powder by stirring to achieve solidification of the sludge, which not only does not remove the moisture in the sludge, but also increases the volume of the sludge, and causes the solidified sludge to be reused.
  • a Chinese utility model patent CN201000261Y submitted and authorized by the present applicant proposes a sludge low temperature drying device. Although the drying device achieves a certain amount of sludge reduction, it takes a long time, and thus consumes energy and does not achieve the intended purpose of improving the drying efficiency.
  • the Chinese Patent Application No. 201510006479.4 proposes a bottom drying type sludge drying device in which the sludge is continuously turned up along with the turning device in the first drying chamber, and the communication port through the partition plate is from the second The dry gas entering the first drying chamber in the drying chamber dries the sludge.
  • the sludge blocking communication port often occurs, and the dry gas is difficult to smoothly enter the first drying chamber through the communication port, so that the sludge drying process progresses slowly.
  • the present invention proposes a bottom dry sludge drying device in the form of a monomer.
  • the continuous shearing, crushing and turning of the sludge through the turning device in the first drying chamber causes the sludge to frequently contact with the drying gas, thereby solving the problem occurring during the sludge drying process.
  • the drying gas is dried from the bottom by a communication port formed in a partition plate provided in the casing for partitioning the first drying chamber and the second drying chamber.
  • the sludge in or near the communication port is scraped off by the front end of the longer blade or ratchet of the flipping assembly of the flipping device or the front end of the scrapable member fixed to the blade or the ratchet
  • the flow of the dry gas from the second drying chamber into the first drying chamber is smoother, and the frequency of contact with the sludge is increased.
  • the speed at which the drying gas enters the first drying chamber is increased by the air blowing device, thereby accelerating the flow speed of the drying gas, and promoting sufficient contact between the drying gas and the sludge.
  • the drying gas is heated by providing a heating device to increase the drying efficiency of the sludge.
  • the sludge drying apparatus of the present invention at least two flipping devices arranged side by side are provided in the first drying chamber, wherein the plurality of flipping assemblies of the two flipping devices can be arranged alternately with each other, thereby not only improving the sludge drying
  • the drying efficiency of the device also makes the overall structure of the sludge drying device more compact.
  • the sludge drying device of the invention is basically a monomer form, and has the characteristics of high drying efficiency, low energy consumption, small floor space, large amount of reduction and strong adaptability, and is fully applicable to the needs of the current market. Due to the scattered distribution of sewage treatment plants in densely populated cities, this monomer-type sludge drying unit can be configured with little change in equipment in existing sewage treatment plants.
  • the sludge drying apparatus and method of the present invention continuously shears, crushes, and flips the sludge by using a flipping assembly of the flipping device provided in the first drying chamber, while being disposed in the flipping group
  • the front end of the longer blade or ratchet on the piece or the front end of the scrapable part fixed to the blade or ratchet scrapes off the sludge in or near the communication port to accelerate the drying of the sludge.
  • the sludge drying device and method of the invention can solve the problem of strong viscosity, easy agglomeration and difficult to break in the sludge, not only significantly remove the moisture in the sludge, but also transform the granularity of the sludge into a powdery shape. Thereby, the drying efficiency of the sludge is improved, and the energy consumption is reduced.
  • Figure 1 is a partial longitudinal cross-sectional view of a bottom dry sludge drying device of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a transverse cross-sectional view of the sludge drying device of Figure 1;
  • Figure 3 is a perspective view of the turning device of the sludge drying device
  • Figure 4 is a perspective view of the first drying chamber of the sludge drying device
  • Figure 5 is a perspective view showing the flipping device provided in the first drying chamber of Figure 4.
  • Figure 6 is a perspective view of the second drying chamber of the sludge drying device
  • Figure 7 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the portion A circled in Figure 1, wherein the flipping assembly is in the position of the communication port of the flat partitioning plate;
  • Figure 8 is a partial perspective view showing the upper portion of the casing of another embodiment of the bottom drying type sludge drying device of the present invention.
  • Figure 9 is a perspective view showing the flipping device provided in the first drying chamber of Figure 8.
  • Figure 10 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the portion C circled in Figure 9, wherein the flipping assembly is in the position of the communication port of the curved partition plate;
  • Figure 11 is a lateral view of still another embodiment of the bottom dry sludge drying apparatus of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows a preferred embodiment of the bottom dry sludge drying apparatus of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a transverse view taken along line HH of FIG. 1, in which a single form is schematically illustrated.
  • the bottom dry sludge drying device 1 comprises a casing, wherein a partitioning plate 4 is provided in the casing to separate the inner space of the casing from the two chambers as the first drying chamber 6a and the second drying chamber 6b .
  • a communication port 5 is formed in the partition plate 4 to allow dry gas to enter the first drying chamber 6a from the second drying chamber 6b.
  • the first drying chamber 6a and the second drying chamber 6b are arranged one above the other, other arrangements are possible.
  • the housing generally includes a body 2, an upper cover (or cover) 3 and a bottom plate 4a, wherein The upper portion of the body 2, the upper cover 3, and the partitioning plate 4 constitute a first drying chamber 6a, and the lower portion of the body 2, the partitioning plate 4, and the bottom plate 4a constitute a second drying chamber 6b.
  • the housing may be constructed of a plurality of parts or a plurality of ways, for example, the upper portion of the body 2 may be integrally formed with the partitioning plate 4, wherein the upper surface of the partitioning plate is used as the bottom of the first drying chamber 6a And fixing the lower portion of the body 2 to the partition plate to use the lower surface of the partition plate as the top of the second drying chamber 6b.
  • the lower portion of the body 2 may be integrally formed with the partitioning plate 4, or the bottom plate 4a may be eliminated, the body 2 may be placed on the floor B, or the like.
  • the upper cover 3 of the housing is provided with a feed port 8 for introducing sludge to be dried or to be dried, and an exhaust port 10 for discharging exhaust gas or dry gas of the dried sludge, respectively.
  • a discharge port 9 for the dried sludge is provided on the end wall of the upper portion of the body 2 in the vicinity of the partitioning plate 4 remote from the feed port 8.
  • the feed port 8 or the exhaust port 10 for the first drying chamber 6a can be placed at any position on one of the body 2 and the upper cover 3, ie, the first drying, as needed. Any position of the upper portion of the chamber 6a.
  • the discharge opening 9 may be provided at any position of the upper portion of the body 2 including the side wall and the circumferential wall of the end wall, that is, any position of the circumferential wall of the first drying chamber 6a.
  • Fig. 3 shows a preferred embodiment of the flipping device of the present invention, wherein the flipping device 7 has a rotating shaft 701 and a plurality of flipping assemblies 702c1, 702c2, 702c3 and 702c4 for turning the sludge fixed on the rotating shaft 701. Unlike the flipping assembly on the flipping device shown in Figure 2, these flipping assemblies each have a different configuration or shape.
  • the flip assembly 702c1 includes four blades or ratchets 703c1
  • the flip assembly 702c2 includes three blades or ratchets 703c2 that are similar in profile to the blades of the propeller, and one of the blades or ratchets is longer than the others.
  • the flip assembly 702c3 has a disk-like shape similar to a gear with an outwardly projecting projection or short blade or ratchet 703c3 at the periphery of the disk portion.
  • the flip assembly 702c4 includes two blades or ratchets 703c4. As shown, the blades or ratchets on each of the flipping assemblies 702c1, 702c2, 702c3, and 702c4 extend radially outward from the axis of the rotating shaft 701.
  • the shape of the flipping member 702 is not limited thereto, and the flipping member may be designed in various configurations as needed.
  • One or more flip assemblies 702 may be disposed on the rotating shaft 701, and each flip assembly 702 may include one or more blades or ratchets 703.
  • the length of the plurality of blades or ratchets 703 on each of the flipping assemblies 702 extending from the rotating shaft 701 may be different from each other, and at least one of the plurality of flipping assemblies 702 may have longer length blades or ratchets 703
  • Other flipping assemblies may have shorter length blades or ratchets 703.
  • the illustrated blade or ratchet is welded to the rotating shaft 701, Other fixing means such as bolting, riveting, etc. may be employed.
  • the blade or the ratchet may be attached or fixed to the collar, the bushing or the hub (not shown), and then the collar or the like may be mounted on the rotating shaft. Forming a flipping assembly.
  • FIG. 6a A preferred embodiment of the first drying chamber of the sludge drying device is shown in FIG.
  • the shape of the communication port 5 may include a trapezoid, a rectangle, a polygon, a triangle, an arch, a circle, or the like. In other words, the communication port 5 has no shape and number restrictions and can be determined as needed.
  • the communication port 5 may also be an array of a plurality of small holes 5a, wherein the array of small holes may be in the shape of a communication port as described above.
  • the shape of the first drying chamber is rectangular, but may also be square, polygonal, elliptical or other shapes.
  • the plurality of communication ports 5 are arranged in groups on the partition plate along the longitudinal direction G of the casing, and the plurality of communication ports 5 in each group are spaced apart from each other by a certain distance.
  • the longitudinal direction of each of the communication ports 5 substantially intersects with the longitudinal direction G of the casing, preferably perpendicular to each other.
  • FIG. 5 shows a preferred embodiment in which a flipping device is provided in the first drying chamber, wherein the two flipping devices 7a, 7b are arranged parallel to each other in the longitudinal direction G of the housing.
  • Each of the turning devices 7a, 7b has a rotating shaft 701a, 701b and a plurality of turning assemblies 702a or 702b fixed on the rotating shaft for turning the sludge.
  • the two flipping devices 7a, 7b have the same flipping assembly 702a, 702b, for example, each flipping assembly comprising four blades or ratchets 703a, 703b.
  • Both ends of the rotating shafts 701a, 701b are respectively mounted in the holes 201a, 201b on the opposite end walls of the first drying chamber 6a by, for example, bearings.
  • An external power unit (not shown) can drive the flipping device through a power input member, such as 18a, provided on one end of the rotating shafts 701a, 701b, as shown in FIG.
  • Figure 6 shows a preferred embodiment of the second drying chamber of the sludge drying device, wherein the second drying chamber 6b comprises an air inlet 15 provided on the lower portion of the body 2, i.e. the air inlet 15 is located On the side wall of the second drying chamber 6b, the drying gas used for the sludge to be dried enters the second drying chamber 6b.
  • the air inlet may be one or more, and may also be disposed on the end wall or bottom plate 4a of the second drying chamber 6b.
  • the communication port 5 facilitates the drying gas from entering the first drying chamber 6a from the lower side of the partitioning plate 4 to increase the chance of contact with the sludge, when the sludge to be dried is discharged from the feeding port 8 and stacked in the first drying
  • some sludge may fall from the first drying chamber 6a through the communication port 5. Or leak into the second drying chamber 6b.
  • a cleaning port 15a is formed on the bottom plate 4a. The sludge is discharged from the second drying chamber 6b.
  • the housing is lifted off the ground by the support means and the bottom plate 4a is at a distance h from the ground to remove the sludge from under the casing.
  • the cleaning opening 15a may be provided at any position on the bottom wall 4a or the circumferential wall of the lower portion of the body 2 including the side walls and the end wall, that is, any position of the circumferential wall of the second drying chamber 6b.
  • the sludge leaking into the second drying chamber 6b can be dried or secondarily dried by the drying gas entering the second drying chamber 6b to further reduce the moisture content of the sludge.
  • a discharge opening and a detachable plate that blocks the discharge opening may be formed on the side wall of the lower portion of the body 2.
  • a movable baffle may be provided at the cleaning port 15a so that the drying gas does not leak, and the movable baffle is opened when the sludge is discharged.
  • the sludge drying apparatus 1 further includes an air blowing device 12 not shown in Fig. 1, wherein the air blowing device 12 communicates with the second drying chamber 6b via a duct 12a and a gas inlet 15 to discharge dry gas. It is blown into the second drying chamber 6b.
  • the sludge drying device 1 may further include an air guiding device 13, wherein the air guiding device 13 communicates with the first drying chamber 6a via the duct 13a and the exhaust port 10.
  • the drying gas delivered into the second drying chamber 6b may be a drying medium such as a hot gas, a chemical-containing gas, hot air, a normal temperature gas or a freezing gas, or a specially prepared drying medium.
  • the air blowing means 12 can be used to increase the speed at which the drying gas flows into the second drying chamber 6b, and the air guiding means 13 can accelerate the outflow of the exhaust gas from the first drying chamber 6a.
  • the air blowing device may be a blower or a fan, and the air guiding device may be an induced draft fan.
  • the air blowing device 12 may be replaced with a supercharging device to deliver the drying gas to the second drying chamber 6b at a certain pressure, so that the drying gas is accelerated to flow into the first drying chamber 6a. It is also possible to replace the air guiding device 13 with a pressure reducing device to speed up the flow of the exhaust gas, thereby improving the sludge drying efficiency.
  • the drying gas delivered into the second drying chamber 6b may be heated.
  • the heating device (not shown) may be separately provided at an upstream position or a downstream position of the air blowing device, or may be integrated with the air blowing device.
  • the heated drying gas is sent to the second drying chamber 6b by the air blowing device or the charging device, and the sludge therein can be re-dried. While the heated drying gas is subjected to secondary drying of the sludge dropped or leaked into the second drying chamber 6b, a part of the heat may be transferred to the paving body through the body 2 and the partitioning plate 4 made of a metal material.
  • the sludge placed on the partition plate 4 serves to assist the drying of the sludge in the first drying chamber 6a.
  • the two flipping devices 7a, 7b are configured such that the plurality of first flipping assemblies 702a and the plurality of second flipping assemblies 702b are respectively at respective axes of rotation, i.e., at the first axis of rotation 701a and second
  • the rotating shafts 701b are spaced apart, wherein the turning assemblies 702a, 702b on each of the rotating shafts correspond to a corresponding set of communication ports 5.
  • the flipping assemblies 702a, 702b of the flipping devices 7a, 7b may be sized to follow the rotating axis when the flipping assemblies 702a, 702b When the 701a and 701b are rotated together, a part of the outer periphery thereof can scrape the sludge in the vicinity of the communication port 5.
  • the length of one or more blades or ratchets on the flipping assemblies 702a, 702b of the flipping device 7a, 7b can be determined to be longer when the flipping assemblies 702a, 702b are rotated with the rotating shafts 701a, 701b or The front end of the ratchet can scrape the sludge in or near the communication port 5.
  • At least one of the plurality of flipping assemblies 702a, 702b can have at least one longer blade or ratchet for scraping the sludge, wherein the front end of the longer blade or ratchet can be probed into a portion
  • the communication port 5 is in or near the communication port 5, and the shape of the communication port 5 is configured to avoid interference with the front end of the longer blade or ratchet.
  • the number of flipping assemblies 702a and 702b with longer blades or ratchets does not have to correspond one-to-one with the number of communicating ports 5. As shown in FIG.
  • each of the plurality of flipping assemblies 702a, 702b with a longer blade or ratchet member 702a, 702b faces a communication port 5 so that the front end of the longer blade or ratchet can be scraped off.
  • the sludge in or near the communication port 5 is passed so that the dry gas enters the first drying chamber 6a through the communication port 5.
  • these flipping assemblies 702a, 702b with longer blades or ratchets can act as shearing, crushing and turning sludge, as are the flipping assemblies 702a, 702b with shorter blades or ratchets. .
  • a flipping assembly with longer blades or ratchets and a flipping assembly with shorter blades or ratchets among the plurality of flipping assemblies 702a, 702b on one of the rotating shafts 701a, 701b can mutually interact along the axis of rotation Staggered.
  • the flipping assemblies with different lengths of blades or ratchets on one axis of rotation may be arranged at different arrangement intervals as desired.
  • two or more flipping assemblies with shorter blades or ratchets are provided between two flipping assemblies with longer blades or ratchets on one rotating shaft, or arranged in the opposite manner, no matter how they are arranged,
  • a flipping assembly with longer blades or ratchets should have the front end of the longer blade or ratchet corresponding to the communication port.
  • a scrapable member 704c1 or 704c2 may be provided at the front end of the blade or ratchet 703c1 or 703c2 of the flip assembly 702c1 or 702c2.
  • the blade or ratchet 703c1 or 703c2 on the flip assembly 702c1 or 702c2 as shown may Having the same length, wherein the front end of some of the blades or ratchets is provided with a scrapable member 704c1 or 704c2, while the front ends of other longer blades or ratchets can be used as a doctor blade.
  • the front end of the scrapable member 704a or 704b fixed to the blade or the ratchet should correspond to the communication port 5 regardless of the form.
  • the longer blades or ratchets of the flipping assembly or the front end of the scraping member attached to the blade or ratchet face the communication port for the front end of the longer blade or ratchet or the scrapable part for scraping
  • the front end can be swung into the communication port or over the communication port to scrape the sludge in or near the communication port.
  • the flipping assembly may also be arranged to be slightly offset from the communication port such that the front end of the longer blade or ratchet or the front end of the scrapable member sweeps only a portion of the width of the communication port during the sweeping, thereby only scraping off the vicinity of the communication port Part of the sludge.
  • the flipping assemblies 702a, 702b exemplarily shown on the rotating shafts 701a, 701b of the flipping devices 7a, 7b have both longer blades or ratchets 703a, 703b and shorter blades or ratchets 703a, 703b.
  • the front end of the first flipping assembly 702a on the first rotating shaft 701a is adjacent to the second rotating shaft 701b and located between two adjacent second flipping assemblies 702b. And vice versa. This shortens the axial spacing between the first rotating shaft 701a and the second rotating shaft 701b, and also avoids interference between the first turning assembly 702a and the second turning assembly 702b.
  • an adjacent flipping assembly with a longer blade or ratchet or blade or ratchet mounted with a scraping member on the same rotating shaft and a flip with a shorter blade or ratchet The components may form a group, and each set of flipping assemblies 702a on the first rotating shaft 701a and each set of flipping assemblies 702b on the second rotating shaft 701b are staggered with each other such that a set of flipping assemblies 702a on the first rotating shaft 701a are located Between two adjacent sets of flipping assemblies 702b on the second rotating shaft 701b.
  • the configuration of the flipping assembly on the rotating shaft can take various forms, which will not be exemplified here, but the arrangement of any flipping assembly on the rotating shaft should ensure that the flipping assemblies 702a, 702b correspond to the communication port 5, In particular, it is ensured that the longer blades or ratchets of most of the flipping assemblies or the front ends of the scraping members 704a, 704b mounted on the blades or ratchets face the communication opening 5, so that longer blades or ratchets or scrapes
  • the members 704a, 704b are capable of scraping sludge in or near the communication port 5.
  • first drying chamber 6a it is not limited to use two flipping devices 7a, 7b, one or more flipping devices may be disposed in the first drying chamber 6a as needed, and a set of communication ports corresponding thereto is formed on the partition plate, and each of the plurality of flipping devices is turned
  • the plurality of flipping assemblies can be staggered with each other to save space, and the front end of the longer blade or ratchet of each flipping assembly or the scrapable members 704a, 704b fixed to the vane or ratchet are respectively associated with the communication port 5. correspond.
  • one end of the rotating shafts 701a and 701b of the first flipping device 7a and the second flipping device 7b may be respectively provided with a power input member connected to a transmission (not shown).
  • the transmission is driven by an external power unit, and the transmission sequentially drives the rotation shafts 701a and 701b to rotate.
  • the power input members on the rotating shafts 701a and 701b are, for example, gears or pulleys 18a, and one of the rotating shafts 701a and 701b can be driven by the transmission to drive the other rotating shaft to rotate.
  • the first rotating shaft 701a and the second rotating shaft 701b may be rotated in opposite directions with respect to each other or may be rotated together in the same direction.
  • Figures 8-10 illustrate another preferred embodiment of the bottom dry sludge drying apparatus of the present invention wherein the dividing panels are in the form of curved surfaces. Since the modified embodiment is the same as the previous embodiment, and the same or similar reference numerals are used, the structure and function of the same or similar components will not be described again, and only the different portions will be described.
  • the sludge deposited on the partition 4 follows the flipping assembly of the flipping devices 7a, 7b in the first drying chamber 6a.
  • the shearing, turning and breaking of 702a, 702b will more or less accumulate in the area of the joint between the upper part of the body 2 and the partitioning plate 4, and it is difficult for the blade or the ratchet to reach these positions, thereby affecting the sludge drying.
  • FIG. 8 and 9 are partial perspective views showing another embodiment of a bottom dry sludge drying apparatus having a curved partition plate, wherein the structure of the first drying chamber and the turning device provided therein are shown.
  • the divider panel is a curved panel, while in another embodiment, the divider panel can be a panel having a concave upper surface.
  • the curved or curved partitioning plate 4 has two concave portions, that is, a portion that protrudes downward from the first drying chamber 6a toward the second drying chamber 6b, or the first drying chamber 6a has the inside. Concave bottom.
  • the partitioning plate 4 Since the partitioning plate 4 appears to be downwardly curved or has a downwardly curved upper surface in the cross section, the partitioning plate is shown as a concave area in the longitudinal direction G of the casing, in other words, the first drying chamber 6a
  • the bottom has a concave area.
  • the area of the curved partitioning plate 4 facing each of the two flipping devices 7a, 7b is concave, preferably each recessed area corresponds to the flipping assembly 702a or 702b, but The concave area may be arcuate.
  • the size of the flipping device is selected from the axis of the rotating shaft to the blade or ratchet of the flipping assembly or the tip of the longer blade or ratchet.
  • the distance r is smaller than the downwardly curved or concave curved portion of the curved partitioning plate.
  • the radius such as the holes 201a, 201b on the end wall that mount the rotating shaft, may define the distance of the axis of the rotating shaft to the tip of the blade or ratchet of the flipping assembly.
  • a plurality of communication ports 5 separated from each other by a certain distance are arranged in the longitudinal direction G of the housing in the two recessed regions of the first drying chamber 6a, and a flipping device 7a is disposed above each of the recessed regions. , 7b.
  • Figure 10 shows the concave region of the blade or ratchet of the flipping assembly of the flipping device being at the bottom of the first drying chamber 6a, wherein the distance r from the axis of the rotating shaft to the tip of the blade or ratchet 703 of the flipping assembly is less than The radius R of the arc-shaped recessed area at the bottom.
  • the shape of the hole array may be the same as the various shapes of the above-mentioned communication port.
  • the size of the array of holes can be determined to be within the range in which the top of the blade or ratchet can be scraped off.
  • the two flipping devices 7a, 7b arranged side by side may also adopt the form of upper and lower arrangement, and both ends of the two rotating shafts 701a, 701b may be respectively disposed at opposite end walls of the first drying chamber 6a.
  • the upper and lower positions are formed in the holes 201a and 201b.
  • FIG 11 shows another preferred embodiment of the bottom dry sludge drying apparatus of the present invention.
  • two first drying chambers 6a1 and 6a2 are provided, wherein one first drying chamber 6a1 uses a flat dividing plate 4a1 as a bottom, and the other first drying chamber 6a2 uses a curved surface.
  • the partition 4a2 serves as a bottom, and in each of them, turning devices 7a1 and 7a2 are provided.
  • the two first drying chambers 6a1 and 6a2 communicate with the second drying chamber 6b through the communication ports 5a1 and 5a2 on the respective partition plates 4a1 and 4a2, respectively.
  • those skilled in the art can foresee the configuration of other bottom dry sludge drying devices, and details are not described herein.
  • the sludge can be dried using the bottom dry sludge drying apparatus 1 of the present invention.
  • the external power device drives the rotating shaft to rotate by the transmission device and the power input member, thereby driving the turning assembly to rotate.
  • Each blade or ratchet of the flip assembly continuously flips the sludge. While the flipping assembly continuously shears, shreds, and flips the sludge, the front end of at least one longer blade or ratchet of the flipping assembly or the front end of the scrapable component mounted on the blade or ratchet will be continuously or intermittently Scrape the sludge in or near the communication port.
  • the air blowing device 12 delivers the dry gas to the second drying chamber 6b via the duct 12a and the air inlet 15.
  • the flow rate of the drying gas into the second drying chamber 6b is associated with the blowing speed.
  • the scraping of the sludge in or near the communication port 5 by the front end of the longer blade or ratchet of the flipping assembly or the front end of the scrapable member mounted on the blade or the ratchet promotes the drying gas to the vicinity of the communication port 5 Drying of the bottom of the sludge and facilitating the drying gas to enter the first drying chamber 6a, wherein the flow direction of the drying gas entering the first drying chamber 6a at the communication port 5 is substantially the same as the front end of the longer blade or ratchet or
  • the tangential direction of the rotational locus of the tip end of the blade or ratchet scraping member is perpendicular to each other, so that the drying gas is liable to come into contact with the sludge in the first drying chamber 6a.
  • the drying gas is sent to the atmosphere or the gas treatment system by the air introducing means 13 through the exhaust port 10 located at the upper portion of the first drying chamber 6a and the duct 13a for subsequent processing. After drying, the moisture content of the sludge is significantly reduced and discharged from the discharge port 9.
  • the flipping member is more
  • the front end of the long blade or ratchet or the front end of the scrapable member mounted on the blade or the ratchet is easier to remove the sludge near the communication port 5 when passing over the communication port 5, and the scraped sludge is also easier.
  • the concave arc-shaped profile along the partition plate falls back to the vicinity of the communication port, thereby increasing the turning of the sludge and the frequency of contact of the drying gas with the sludge.
  • the movable shutter at the cleaning port 15a can be opened in time, by means of the drying gas in the second drying chamber 6b.
  • the sludge is discharged from the cleaning port 15a. If the sludge is excessively accumulated, the sludge can be removed from the discharge port by opening the detachable plate on the side wall of the second drying chamber 6b, thereby ensuring a smooth flow of the dry gas in the second drying chamber 6b.
  • a hot drying gas is usually used to dry the sludge, and thus, it can be heated by a heating device, and the hot drying gas is sent to the second drying chamber 6b by the air blowing device. Or, in the form of a heating device, the drying gas delivered by the air blowing device is used.
  • the feed port 8 on the cover 3 in order to contribute to the improvement of the drying effect of the sludge, it is advantageous to arrange the feed port 8 on the cover 3 to be close to one end of the casing, and the discharge port 9 is located in the other of the casing.
  • One end, and the exhaust port 10 is disposed at the same end as the feed port 8, and the flipping devices 7a, 7b employ a flipping device that both turns the sludge and moves the sludge in the longitudinal direction G of the casing.

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Abstract

一种底部干燥式污泥干化装置（1），它包括壳体，壳体内形成有第一干燥室（6a）和第二干燥室（6b），且在第一干燥室（6a）和第二干燥室（6b）之间设有分隔板（4）。设置在第一干燥室（6a）的上部的进料口（8）和排气口（10），和设置在第一干燥室（6a）的周向壁上的出料口（9）。设置在第二干燥室（6b）的周向壁或底部上的进气口（15）。形成在分隔板（4）上的连通口（5）。设置在第一干燥室（6a）内的污泥翻动装置（7a，7b），污泥翻动装置（7a，7b）包括转动轴（701a，701b）和固定在转动轴（701a，701b）上的翻动组件（702a，702b），翻动组件（702a，702b）的尺寸确定成其可以剪切、破碎和翻动污泥，且其顶端面对并靠近连通口（5），以便当翻动组件（702a，702b）与转动轴（701a，701b）旋转时顶端可以刮除连通口（5）内或附近的污泥。还公开了一种利用污泥干化装置（1）进行污泥干燥的方法。

Description

底部干燥式污泥干化装置和方法 技术领域
本发明涉及污泥干化领域，总体而言，涉及一种污泥干化装置，特别是涉及一种呈单体形式的底部干燥式污泥干化装置以及利用这种污泥干化装置进行污泥干燥的方法。
背景技术
污泥是污水处理过程中产生的副产品，而污水处理厂通常采用浓缩和脱水的方法将污泥的含水率从90％以上降低到60-80％，之后将处理过的污泥进行填埋、固化或干化处理。填埋易于使污泥发酵而出现二次污染环境的问题，而现有的固化或干化设备由于含水率大约40-60％的污泥具有粘性强、易结块、难破碎的特性在处理污泥的过程需要耗费大量的能源，因此，其成本高，效率低，污泥的减量差，难以满足处理大量污泥的需求。
中国发明专利CN101186422A提出了一种闭式多室流化床污泥干燥方法。这种方法中所采用的流化床不仅耗费能源且效率很低，难以实现连续且大规模的污泥干化处理。
中国实用新型专利CN203319838U提出了一种污泥固化处理搅拌机。这种搅拌机通过搅拌将污泥与干粉混合以实现污泥的固化，不仅没有去除污泥中的水分，还增加了污泥的体积量，并导致固化后的污泥无法再被利用。
由本申请人提交并授权的中国实用新型专利CN201000261Y提出了一种污泥低温干燥装置。这种干燥装置尽管实现一定的污泥减量，但耗费时间长，因此既消耗能源也没有达到预期的提高干化效率的目的。
第201510006479.4号中国发明专利申请提出了一种底部干燥式的污泥干化装置，其中，伴随着第一干燥室内的翻动装置对污泥的不断翻起，经过分隔板的连通口从第二干燥室进入第一干燥室内的干燥气体对污泥进行干燥。然而，在污泥干化过程中常常会出现污泥阻塞连通口，而导致干燥气体难以顺畅地通过连通口进入第一干燥室内的情况，从而使得污泥的干化过程进展缓慢。
为此，需要一种改进的底部干燥式的干化装置和方法，以提高污 泥的干化效率。
发明内容
为了克服现有技术中存在的缺陷，本发明提出了一种单体形式的底部干燥式污泥干化装置。在本发明的污泥干化装置中，通过第一干燥室内的翻动装置对污泥的连续剪切、破碎和翻动，使污泥与干燥气体频繁接触，从而解决了污泥干燥过程中出现的内、外部干燥程度不均匀的问题。
在本发明的污泥干化装置中，干燥气体通过在壳体内设置的用于分隔第一干燥室和第二干燥室的分隔板上形成的连通口从底部对污泥进行干燥。随着翻动装置对污泥的剪切、破碎和翻动，污泥的颗粒度不断发生变化，导致污泥的疏松性和流动性增强，从而有利于干燥气体进入第一干燥室。
在本发明的污泥干化装置中，通过翻动装置的翻动组件的较长叶片或棘齿的前端或固定在叶片或棘齿上的可刮除部件的前端刮除连通口内或附近的污泥，使干燥气体从第二干燥室进入第一干燥室的流动更为顺畅，提高了与污泥接触的频率。
在本发明的污泥干化装置中，通过鼓风装置来提高干燥气体进入第一干燥室的速度，从而加快干燥气体的流动速度，促进了干燥气体与污泥的充分接触。
在本发明的污泥干化装置中，通过设置加热装置对干燥气体的加热以提高污泥的干燥效率。
在本发明的污泥干化装置中，通过在第一干燥室内设置至少两个并排布置的翻动装置，其中，两个翻动装置的多个翻动组件可以彼此相互交错布置，不仅提高了污泥干化装置的干燥效率，而且还使得污泥干化装置的整个结构更加紧凑。
本发明的污泥干化装置基本上是单体形式，它具有干化效率高、能耗低、占地面积小、减量大以及适应性强的特点，完全适用于目前市场的需要。由于人口密集的城市中污水处理厂的设置较为分散，因此，在极少改变现有污水处理厂中的设备的情况下就可以配置这种单体形式的污泥干化装置。
本发明的污泥干化装置和方法利用在第一干燥室内设置的翻动装置的翻动组件不断地剪切、破碎和翻动污泥，同时通过设置在翻动组 件上的较长叶片或棘齿的前端或固定在叶片或棘齿上的可刮除部件的前端刮除连通口内或附近的污泥，可以加快污泥的干燥。本发明的污泥干化装置和方法能够解决污泥中存在的粘性强、易结块、难破碎的难题，不仅显著去除污泥中的水分，而且将污泥的颗粒状转变为粉粒状，从而提高了污泥的干化效率，同时降低了能耗。
附图说明
下面将结合附图以及具体实施例详细说明本发明的优选实施方案的构造、优点以及技术效果，其中：
图1是本发明的底部干燥式污泥干化装置的局部纵向剖视图；
图2是图1中的污泥干化装置的横向剖视图；
图3是污泥干化装置的翻动装置的立体示意图；
图4是污泥干化装置的第一干燥室的立体示意图；
图5是在图4的第一干燥室内设置翻动装置的立体示意图；
图6是污泥干化装置的第二干燥室的立体示意图；
图7是图1中圈出的A部分的放大的剖视图，其中翻动组件正处在平的分隔板的连通口的位置；
图8是本发明的底部干燥式污泥干化装置的另一实施例的壳体的上部分的局部立体示意图；
图9是在图8的第一干燥室内设置翻动装置的立体示意图；
图10是图9中圈出的C部分的放大的剖视图，其中翻动组件正处在曲面的分隔板的连通口的位置；以及
图11是本发明的底部干燥式污泥干化装置的又一实施例的横向视图。
具体实施方式
图1示出了本发明的底部干燥式污泥干化装置的一个优选实施例，而图2是沿图1中的H-H线横向截取的视图，其中示意性地表示了一种单体形式的污泥干化装置。底部干燥式污泥干化装置1包括壳体，其中，在壳体内设有分隔板4，以将壳体的内部空间分隔出两个腔室作为第一干燥室6a和第二干燥室6b。在分隔板4上形成有连通口5，以使干燥气体能够从第二干燥室6b进入到第一干燥室6a中。如图所示，尽管第一干燥室6a和第二干燥室6b是上下布置的，但也可以有其它布置形式。壳体一般包括本体2、上盖(或盖)3和底板4a，其中，本 体2的上部分、上盖3以及分隔板4构成第一干燥室6a，而本体2的下部分、分隔板4和底板4a构成第二干燥室6b。然而，壳体可以由多个部件或多种方式构造而成，例如，本体2的上部分可以与分隔板4一体形成，其中，将分隔板的上面用作第一干燥室6a的底部，且将本体2的下部分固定到分隔板上，以将分隔板的下面用作第二干燥室6b的顶部。另外，还可以将本体2的下部分与分隔板4一体形成，或者取消底板4a，将本体2设置在地面B上等等。
如图所示，在壳体的上盖3上分别设有用于引入待干燥或要干燥的污泥的进料口8和用于排出已干燥污泥的尾气或干燥气体的排气口10，而在远离进料口8的分隔板4附近的本体2的上部分的端壁上设有用于已干燥的污泥的出料口9。在另外的实施例中，可以根据需要将用于第一干燥室6a的进料口8或排气口10设置在本体2和上盖3中的其中一个上的任意位置，也即第一干燥室6a的上部分的任意位置。同样，出料口9可以设置在本体2的上部分的包括侧壁和端壁的周向壁的任意位置，也即第一干燥室6a的周向壁的任意位置。
图3示出了本发明的翻动装置的优选实施例，其中，翻动装置7具有转动轴701和固定在转动轴701上的用于翻动污泥的多个翻动组件702c1、702c2、702c3和702c4。与图2中所示的翻动装置上的翻动组件不同，这些翻动组件分别具有不同构造或形状。翻动组件702c1包括有四个叶片或棘齿703c1，而翻动组件702c2包括有三个叶片或棘齿703c2，它们在轮廓上类似于螺旋桨的桨叶，且其中一个叶片或棘齿比其它的要长。翻动组件702c3具有类似于齿轮的盘状，其中，在盘部分的周边有向外伸出的突出部或短的叶片或棘齿703c3。翻动组件702c4包括有两个叶片或棘齿703c4。如图所示，各个翻动组件702c1、702c2、702c3和702c4上的叶片或棘齿从转动轴701的轴线径向地向外延伸。然而，翻动组件702的形状不仅限于此，可以根据需要，将翻动组件设计成各种构形。在转动轴701上可以设置一个或多个翻动组件702，且每个翻动组件702可以包括一个或多个叶片或棘齿703。每个翻动组件702上的多个叶片或棘齿703从转动轴701延伸出的长度可以彼此不相同，而且多个翻动组件702中的至少一个翻动组件可以有长度较长的叶片或棘齿703，而其它翻动组件可以有长度较短的叶片或棘齿703。虽然在图示的叶片或棘齿被焊接到转动轴701上，但也 可以采用如栓接、铆接等其它固定方式，另外，还可以通过将叶片或棘齿连接或固定到轴环、轴套或轮毂(未示出)上，之后将轴环等安装在转动轴上形成翻动组件。
在图4中示出了污泥干化装置的第一干燥室的优选实施例。在第一干燥室6a内，在分隔板4形成多个间隔开布置的不同形状的连通口5。连通口5的形状可以包括梯形、长方形、多边形、三角形、拱形、圆形等等。换句话说，连通口5没有形状和数量上的限制，可以根据需要来确定。另外，连通口5也可以是多个小孔5a组成的阵列，其中，小孔的阵列可以是如上所述的连通口的形状。第一干燥室的形状是长方形的，但也可以是正方形、多边形、椭圆形或其它形状。多个连通口5沿壳体的纵向方向G在分隔板上成组布置，且每组中多个连通口5相互隔开一定的距离。每个连通口5的长度方向大致与壳体的纵向方向G交叉，优选相互垂直。
图5示出了在第一干燥室内设置翻动装置的优选实施例，其中，两个翻动装置7a、7b沿壳体的纵向方向G彼此平行布置。每个翻动装置7a、7b具有转动轴701a、701b和固定在转动轴上的用于翻动污泥的多个翻动组件702a或702b。两个翻动装置7a、7b具有相同的翻动组件702a、702b，例如，每个翻动组件包括四个叶片或棘齿703a、703b。但也可以包括不同数量或不同构造的翻动组件。转动轴701a、701b的两端分别通过例如轴承安装在第一干燥室6a的相对端壁上的孔201a、201b中。外部动力设备(未示出)可以通过在转动轴701a、701b的一端上设置的动力输入件，例如18a来驱动翻动装置，如图1所示。
图6示出了污泥干化装置的第二干燥室的一个优选实施例，其中，第二干燥室6b包括设置在本体2的下部分上的进气口15，也即进气口15位于第二干燥室6b的侧壁上，以使用于待干燥污泥的干燥气体进入到第二干燥室6b中。进气口可以是一个或多个，而且也可以设置在第二干燥室6b的端壁或底板4a上。虽然连通口5有利于干燥气体从分隔板4的下面进入第一干燥室6a，以增加与污泥接触的机会，但当待干燥污泥被从进料口8投放并堆积在第一干燥室6a内的分隔板4上之后，随着翻动装置7a、7b的翻动组件702a、702b的翻动以及干燥气体的作用，可能有一些污泥会通过连通口5从第一干燥室6a掉落或泄漏到第二干燥室6b内。为了避免污泥淤积，在底板4a上形成清理口15a 以将污泥从第二干燥室6b中排出。壳体由支撑装置抬高离开地面并使底板4a距离地面一定的距离h，以便将污泥从壳体的下面移走。在另一实施例中，可以将清理口15a设置在底板4a或本体2的下部分的包括侧壁和端壁的周向壁上的任意位置，也即第二干燥室6b的周向壁的任意位置。泄漏到第二干燥室6b内的污泥可以被进入到第二干燥室6b内的干燥气体再干燥或二次干燥，以进一步降低污泥的含水率。另外，也可以在本体2的下部分的侧壁上形成卸料口以及遮挡卸料口的可拆卸板。一旦第二干燥室6b内污泥过多，则可以取下可拆卸板将污泥清除，从而保证第二干燥室6b内干燥气体的流动通畅。为了保持第二干燥室6b的相对密封，可以在清理口15a处设置活动挡板，以使干燥气体不外泄，并在排出污泥时将活动挡板开启。
参见图2，污泥干化装置1还包括在图1中未示出的鼓风装置12，其中，鼓风装置12经管道12a和气体进口15与第二干燥室6b连通，以便将干燥气体吹送到第二干燥室6b内。污泥干化装置1还可以包括引风装置13，其中，引风装置13经管道13a和排气口10与第一干燥室6a连通。输送到第二干燥室6b内的干燥气体可以是如热气体、含有化学物质的气体、热空气、常温气体或冷冻气体等干燥介质，也可以是特殊配制的干燥介质。鼓风装置12可以用来提高干燥气体流入第二干燥室6b内的速度，而引风装置13可以加快尾气从第一干燥室6a的流出。典型地，鼓风装置可以是鼓风机或风扇，而引风装置可以是引风机。另外，也可以用增压装置替代鼓风装置12，以将干燥气体以一定的压力输送到第二干燥室6b，从而使干燥气体加快流入第一干燥室6a。同样可以用减压装置替代引风装置13以加快尾气的流动，从而提高污泥干化效率。
为了加快污泥的干燥，可以对输送到第二干燥室6b内的干燥气体进行加热。加热装置(未示出)可以单独设置在鼓风装置的上游位置或下游位置，也可以与鼓风装置集成在一起。经过加热的干燥气体被鼓风装置或增压装置输送到第二干燥室6b内还可以对其中的污泥进行再干燥。在加热的干燥气体对掉落或泄漏到第二干燥室6b内的污泥进行二次干燥的同时，其中的一部分热量也可以通过金属材料制成的本体2和分隔板4被传递到铺放在分隔板4上的污泥，以对第一干燥室6a内的污泥起辅助干化的作用。
如图2和5所示，两个翻动装置7a、7b构型成多个第一翻动组件702a和多个第二翻动组件702b分别在各自的转动轴也即在第一转动轴701a和第二转动轴701b上间隔开布置，其中，每个转动轴上的翻动组件702a、702b与相应的一组连通口5相对应。为了使干燥气体顺畅地通过连通口5从第二干燥室6b进入第一干燥室6a，可以将翻动装置7a、7b的翻动组件702a、702b的尺寸确定成当翻动组件702a、702b随着转动轴701a、701b一起转动时，其一部分外周边可以刮除连通口5附近的污泥。特别地可以将翻动装置7a、7b的翻动组件702a、702b上的一个或多个叶片或棘齿的长度确定为当翻动组件702a、702b随着转动轴701a、701b一起转动时，较长叶片或棘齿的前端能够刮除连通口5内或其附近的污泥。换句话说，多个翻动组件702a、702b中的至少一个翻动组件可以具有至少一个用于刮除污泥的较长叶片或棘齿，其中，较长叶片或棘齿的前端可以探入到一部分连通口5内或接近连通口5，而连通口5的形状构造成避免与较长叶片或棘齿的前端发生干涉。带有较长叶片或棘齿的翻动组件702a和702b的数量与连通口5的数量不必一一对应。如图5所示，多个翻动组件702a、702b中的每个带有较长叶片或棘齿的翻动组件702a、702b面对一个连通口5，以便较长叶片或棘齿的前端能够刮除连通口5内或其附近的污泥，从而使干燥气体通过连通口5进入到第一干燥室6a。除了刮除作用外，这些带有较长叶片或棘齿的翻动组件702a、702b可以与带有较短叶片或棘齿的翻动组件702a、702b一样，发挥剪切、破碎和翻动污泥的作用。另外，在一个转动轴701a、701b上的多个翻动组件702a、702b中的带有较长叶片或棘齿的翻动组件和带有较短叶片或棘齿的翻动组件可以沿着转动轴彼此相互交错布置。在另一实施例中，在一个转动轴上的带有不同长度的叶片或棘齿的翻动组件可以根据需要以不同的排列间隔布置。例如，在一个转动轴上带有较长叶片或棘齿的两个翻动组件之间设置两个以上的带有较短叶片或棘齿的翻动组件，或者以相反的方式布置，无论如何布置，带有较长叶片或棘齿的翻动组件都应当使较长叶片或棘齿的前端与连通口相对应。
在另一实施例中，如图3所示，在翻动组件702c1或702c2的叶片或棘齿703c1或703c2的前端可以设置可刮除部件704c1或704c2。如图所示的翻动组件702c1或702c2上的叶片或棘齿703c1或703c2可以 具有相同的长度，其中，一些叶片或棘齿的前端设置可刮除部件704c1或704c2，而另一些较长叶片或棘齿的前端可用作刮刀。无论采用何种形式都应当使固定在叶片或棘齿上的可刮除部件704a或704b的前端与连通口5相对应。另外，翻动组件的较长叶片或棘齿或固定在叶片或棘齿上的可刮除部件的前端都面对连通口，以便刮扫时较长叶片或棘齿的前端或可刮除部件的前端既可以探入到连通口内也可以在连通口之上扫过，以便刮除连通口内或其附近的污泥。翻动组件也可以布置成与连通口略微偏离，以便其较长叶片或棘齿的前端或可刮除部件的前端在刮扫时仅扫过连通口的一部分宽度，从而只刮除连通口附近的一部分污泥。参见图5，示例性地示出在翻动装置7a、7b的转动轴701a、701b上的翻动组件702a、702b既有较长叶片或棘齿703a、703b又有较短的叶片或棘齿703a、703b。在图7中，示出了翻动组件702的较长叶片或棘齿703的前端正在刮除平的分隔板4的连通口5内的污泥。由于翻动装置7a、7b的转动轴701a、701b相对壳体的纵向方向G平行设置，因此，翻动装置7a、7b的翻动组件702a、702b的旋转的圆形轨迹的切线方向与连通口的长度方向交叉，优选相互垂直。
在两个彼此相互交错布置的翻动装置7a、7b中，第一转动轴701a上的第一翻动组件702a的前端接近第二转动轴701b并位于两个相邻的第二翻动组件702b之间，且反之也如此。这样既缩短第一转动轴701a和第二转动轴701b之间的轴间距，也避免第一翻动组件702a和第二翻动组件702b之间出现干涉。在另一实施例中，同一转动轴上的相邻的带有较长叶片或棘齿或安装有刮除部件的叶片或棘齿的一个翻动组件与带有较短叶片或棘齿的一个翻动组件可以形成一组，且第一转动轴701a上的每组翻动组件702a与第二转动轴701b上的每组翻动组件702b相互交错布置，使得第一转动轴701a上的一组翻动组件702a位于第二转动轴701b上的相邻的两组翻动组件702b之间。翻动组件在转动轴上的配置组合可以采用各种形式，在此不再例举，但任何一种翻动组件在转动轴上的布置形式都应当保证翻动组件702a、702b与连通口5相对应，特别是保证大部分的翻动组件的较长叶片或棘齿或在叶片或棘齿上安装的刮除部件704a、704b的前端面对连通口5，从而使较长叶片或棘齿或可刮除部件704a、704b能够刮除连通口5内或其附近的污泥。另外，在第一干燥室6a内并不限于使用两个翻动装置7a、 7b，可以根据需要，在第一干燥室6a内设置一个或多个翻动装置，并在分隔板上形成与之相对应的连通口的组，而且多个翻动装置中的每两个翻动装置的多个翻动组件可以彼此交错布置，以节省空间，而且每个翻动组件的较长叶片或棘齿的前端或固定在叶片或棘齿上的可刮除部件704a、704b分别与连通口5相对应。
如图所示，第一翻动装置7a和第二翻动装置7b的转动轴701a和701b的一端上可以分别设有与传动装置(未示出)相连的动力输入件。通过外部动力设备驱动传动装置，而传动装置依次驱动转动轴701a和701b旋转。例如，转动轴701a和701b上的动力输入件为例如齿轮或皮带轮18a，且可由传动装置驱动转动轴701a和701b中的一个，从而带动另一转动轴转动。第一转动轴701a和第二转动轴701b既可以相对彼此朝相反的方向转动，也可以一起朝相同的方向转动。
图8-10示出了本发明的底部干燥式污泥干化装置的另一优选实施例，其中分隔板呈曲面的形式。由于该改进的方案与前面的实施例采用相同作用的部件并用相同或相似的附图标记表示，因此，对于相同或类似部件的结构与作用申请人不再赘述，仅描述与之不同的部分。
参见图1-4，当采用平的或具有平的上表面的分隔板时，堆积在分隔板4上的污泥随着在第一干燥室6a内的翻动装置7a、7b的翻动组件702a、702b的剪切、翻动和破碎或多或少会淤积在本体2的上部和分隔板4之间的结合部的区域，叶片或棘齿难以到达这些位置，从而影响了污泥干化装置的效率。因此，将分隔板的上表面设计成曲面有助于减少污泥在第一干燥室6a内的淤积。图8和9示出了具有曲面的分隔板的底部干燥式污泥干化装置的另一实施例的部分立体示意图，其中，表示出第一干燥室的结构以及其中设置的翻动装置。如图所示，分隔板是弯曲板，而在另一实施例中，分隔板可以是具有下凹的上表面的板。在图8中，弯曲或曲面的分隔板4具有两个下凹部分，也即从第一干燥室6a朝第二干燥室6b向下突出的部分，或者说，第一干燥室6a具有内凹的底部。由于分隔板4在横剖面上表现为向下弯曲或具有向下弯曲的上表面，因而，分隔板在壳体的纵向方向G显示为下凹区域，换句话说，第一干燥室6a的底部具有内凹区域。如图所示，曲面的分隔板4面向两个翻动装置7a、7b的每一个翻动装置的区域是下凹的，优选地每个内凹区域与翻动组件702a或702b相对应，而内 凹区域可以是圆弧形的。通常翻动装置的尺寸选择为从转动轴的轴线到翻动组件的叶片或棘齿或较长的叶片或棘齿的顶端的距离r小于曲面的分隔板的向下弯曲或下凹弧形的部分的半径，如端壁上的安装转动轴的孔201a、201b可以限定转动轴的轴线到翻动组件的叶片或棘齿的顶端的距离。参见图8，在第一干燥室6a的两个内凹区域内沿壳体纵向方向G分别布置有相互分开一定距离的多个连通口5，且每个内凹区域的上方设置一个翻动装置7a、7b。每个翻动装置7a、7b的多个翻动组件702a、702b中每两个相邻的翻动组件之间的距离与相对应的多个连通口5的相邻的两个连通口之间的间隔距离大致相等。图10示出了翻动装置的翻动组件的叶片或棘齿正处于第一干燥室6a的底部的内凹区域，其中，转动轴的轴线到翻动组件的叶片或棘齿703的顶端的距离r小于底部的圆弧形下凹区域的半径R。可以理解的是，当将翻动装置的转动轴或用于安装转动轴的孔在壳体的竖直方向上调整时，转动轴的轴线到翻动组件的叶片或棘齿的顶端的距离r将改变，因此，通过选择叶片或棘齿的长度来确定叶片或棘齿的顶端位于连通口内或在连通口附近的上方。在分隔板的圆弧形下凹区域内也可以形成孔阵形式替代连通口，可以将多个小的通孔5a组成的阵列设置在一个板件上且之后将板件安装在连通口处，也可以在连通口的位置形成孔阵，且孔阵的形状可以与上述连通口的各种形状一样。优选地，孔阵的尺寸可以确定为在叶片或棘齿的顶端可以刮除污泥的范围之内。
在另一实施例中，并排设置的两个翻动装置7a、7b也可以采用上、下布置的形式，两个转动轴701a、701b的两端可分别设置在第一干燥室6a的相对端壁的上、下位置形成的孔201a和201b中。
图11示出了本发明的底部干燥式污泥干化装置的另一优选实施例。在污泥干化装置中设有两个第一干燥室6a1和6a2，其中，一个第一干燥室6a1利用平面的分隔板4a1作为底部，而另一个第一个干燥室6a2利用曲面的分隔板4a2作为底部，且在它们中分别设有翻动装置7a1和7a2。两个第一干燥室6a1和6a2分别通过各自的分隔板4a1和4a2上的连通口5a1和5a2与第二干燥室6b连通。同样，也可以采用设置一个第一干燥室并使其与两个第二干燥室通过连通口相互连通。当然，本领域技术人员可以预见到其它底部干燥式污泥干化装置的构造形式，在此不再赘述。
参见图1和2，可以利用本发明的单体形式的底部干燥式污泥干化装置1对污泥进行干化处理。随着待干燥的污泥由未示出的输送装置送入到第一干燥室6a中，外部动力设备通过传动装置和动力输入件驱动转动轴转动，进而带动翻动组件旋转。翻动组件的各个叶片或棘齿不断地翻动污泥。在翻动组件连续地剪切、破碎并翻动污泥的同时，翻动组件的至少一个较长叶片或棘齿的前端或者安装在叶片或棘齿上的可刮除部件的前端将连续或断续地刮除连通口内或其附近的污泥。鼓风装置12经管道12a以及进气口15将干燥气体输送到第二干燥室6b。干燥气体进入第二干燥室6b的流动速度与送风速度相关联。翻动组件的较长叶片或棘齿的前端或安装在叶片或棘齿上的可刮除部件的前端对连通口5内或其附近的污泥的刮除促进了干燥气体对连通口5附近的污泥的底部的干燥作用并有利于干燥气体进入第一干燥室6a，其中，在连通口5处进入第一干燥室6a的干燥气体的流动方向基本上与较长叶片或棘齿的前端或安装在叶片或棘齿的可刮除部件的前端的旋转轨迹的切线方向相互垂直，因而干燥气体易于与第一干燥室6a内的污泥接触。随着第一干燥室6a内翻动组件的叶片或棘齿对污泥的剪切、破碎和翻动以及干燥气体对污泥的干燥作用，污泥的颗粒度逐渐变小并粉粒化，从而污泥的干燥程度也不断提高。在完成污泥的干燥之后干燥气体由引风装置13经位于第一干燥室6a的上部的排气口10以及管道13a被送入到大气中或气体处理系统以进行后续处理。经过干燥后污泥其含水率显著降低并从出料口9排出。
特别是当采用曲面的分隔板时，由于翻动装置的翻动组件的顶端的旋转轨迹与分隔板4的连通口5附近的下凹区域的圆弧形构形接近，因此，翻动组件的较长叶片或棘齿的前端或安装在叶片或棘齿上的可刮除部件的前端在掠过连通口5时更易于清除连通口5附近的污泥，而且被刮除的污泥也更容易沿着分隔板的下凹的圆弧形轮廓回落到连通口附近，从而提高了污泥的翻动以及干燥气体与污泥接触的频率。
为了清理通过连通口5从第一干燥室6a掉落或泄漏到第二干燥室6b中的污泥，可以适时开启清理口15a处的活动挡板，借助于第二干燥室6b内的干燥气体将污泥从清理口15a排出。如果污泥堆积过多，可以通过打开第二干燥室6b的侧壁上的可拆卸板将污泥由卸料口清除，从而保证第二干燥室6b内干燥气体的顺畅流动。
在单体形式的底部干燥式污泥干化装置中通常使用热干燥气体来干燥污泥，因而，可以通过加热装置加热，并由鼓风装置将热的干燥气体输送到到第二干燥室6b中，或者采用由鼓风装置输送的干燥气体经过加热装置的形式。
此外，如图1所示，为了有助于提高污泥的干燥效果，有利的是，将盖3上的进料口8设置成靠近壳体的一端，而出料口9位于壳体的另一端，并且将排气口10设置在与进料口8相同的一端，而且，翻动装置7a、7b采用一种既翻动污泥又使污泥在壳体的纵向方向G上移动的翻动装置。当待干燥的污泥从进料口8输送到第一干燥室6a中并铺放在分隔板4上时，随着经过连通口5从第二干燥室6b进入第一干燥室6a的干燥气体对污泥的持续干燥作用以及翻动装置7a、7b的翻动作用，污泥的含水率会逐渐降低，而翻动装置7a、7b在翻动污泥的同时也将污泥逐步推向出料口9。因此，越靠近出料口9的污泥就越干燥，而干燥气体在其附近从连通口5进入第一干燥室6a时就变得更加顺畅。而且，出料口9附近的干燥气体在穿过污泥之后还可以沿壳体的纵向方向G由出料口向进料口对污泥的上面产生干燥作用，由此，延长了干燥气体与污泥的接触时间。
在本申请中尽管列举了多种优选的实施方式，但本发明不仅限于说明书所提及到的内容，本领域技术人员完全可以通过本发明的上述设计思想对本发明的底部干燥式污泥干化装置中的各个部件或装置进行变化和改型，而这些变化或改型都在本发明的构思范围之内。

Claims (19)

  1. 一种底部干燥式污泥干化装置，所述污泥干化装置包括：
    壳体，其中，所述壳体内形成有一个或多个第一干燥室和至少一个第二干燥室，且在所述一个或多个第一干燥室和所述至少一个第二干燥室之间设有至少一个分隔板；
    设置在所述一个或多个第一干燥室的上部的用于待干燥的污泥的进料口和用于排出已干燥污泥的干燥气体的排气口，和设置在所述一个或多个第一干燥室的周向壁上的用于干燥后的污泥的出料口；
    设置在所述至少一个第二干燥室的周向壁或底部上的用于待干燥污泥的干燥气体的至少一个进气口；
    形成在所述分隔板上的至少一个连通口；
    设置在所述第一干燥室内的至少一个污泥翻动装置，其中，所述至少一个污泥翻动装置包括转动轴和固定在所述转动轴上的至少一个翻动组件，其中，所述至少一个翻动组件的尺寸确定成其可以剪切、破碎和翻动污泥，且其顶端面对并靠近所述至少一个连通口，以便当所述至少一个翻动组件与所述转动轴旋转时所述顶端可以刮除所述至少一个连通口内或附近的污泥。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的污泥干化装置，其特征在于，所述分隔板的上表面在所述第一干燥室内是平面的或曲面的。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的污泥干化装置，其特征在于，所述曲面的分隔板在第一干燥室内面对所述至少一个污泥翻动装置的区域具有下凹部分，且所述至少一个连通口形成在所述下凹部分。
  4. 根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的污泥干化装置，其特征在于，所述曲面的分隔板的所述下凹部分是弧形的。
  5. 根据权利要求1-4中任一项所述的污泥干化装置，其特征在于，所述至少一个污泥翻动装置的所述至少一个翻动组件具有从所述转动轴径向向外延伸的至少一个叶片或棘齿，以剪切、破碎和翻动污泥。
  6. 根据权利要求1-5中任一项所述的污泥干化装置，其特征在于，所述分隔板上的所述至少一个连通口具有规则的形状。
  7. 根据权利要求1-6中任一项所述的污泥干化装置，其特征在于，所述分隔板上的所述至少一个连通口具有不规则的形状。
  8. 根据权利要求1-7中任一项所述的污泥干化装置，其特征在于，所述至少一个翻动组件具有从所述转动轴径向向外延伸的至少一个较长的叶片或棘齿，其中，所述至少一个较长的叶片或棘齿的前端可以刮除或部分刮除所述至少一个连通口内或附近的污泥。
  9. 根据权利要求1-8中任一项所述的污泥干化装置，其特征在于，所述至少一个翻动组件具有从所述转动轴径向向外延伸的至少一个叶片或棘齿，其中，安装在所述至少一个叶片或棘齿上的可刮除部件的前端可以刮除或部分刮除所述至少一个连通口内或附近的污泥。
  10. 根据权利要求1-9中任一项所述的污泥干化装置，其特征在于，所述至少一个污泥翻动装置包括平行设置的多个污泥翻动装置，其中，所述多个污泥翻动装置中的每个具有多个翻动组件，且所述多个翻动组件中的至少一个翻动组件具有从所述转动轴径向向外延伸的一个或多个叶片或棘齿，且至少一个连通口包括多个连通口，其中，所述一个或多个叶片或棘齿的前端或安装叶片或棘齿上的可刮除部件的前端可面对所述多个连通口的相应的连通口，以刮除所述连通口内或附近的污泥。
  11. 根据权利要求1-10中任一项所述的污泥干化装置，其特征在于，在所述多个污泥翻动装置的至少两个污泥翻动装置中，每个污泥翻动装置包括多个翻动组件，且所述多个翻动组件包括带有较长的叶片或棘齿的翻动组件和带有较短的叶片或棘齿的翻动组件，其中，所述较长叶片或棘齿的前端或安装叶片或棘齿上的可刮除部件的前端可刮除所述多个连通口内或附近的污泥。
  12. 根据权利要求1-11中任一项所述的污泥干化装置，其特征在于，所述至少两个翻动装置中的其中一个翻动装置的具有较长的叶片或棘齿的翻动组件与另一个翻动装置的具有较短的叶片或棘齿的翻动组件相对彼此交错布置，其中，所述较长的叶片或棘齿的前端或安装在所述前端上的可刮除部件刮除多个连通口内或附近的污泥。
  13. 根据权利要求1-12中任一项所述的污泥干化装置，其特征在于，其还包括鼓风装置，其中，所述鼓风装置经过所述至少一个进气口与所述第二干燥室连通。
  14. 根据权利要求1-13中任一项所述的污泥干化装置，其特征在于，其还包括用于加热干燥气体的加热装置，其中所述加热装置位于 所述鼓风装置的上游或下游。
  15. 根据权利要求1-14中任一项所述的污泥干化装置，其特征在于，其还包括引风装置，其中，所述引风装置经过所述排气口与所述第一干燥室连通。
  16. 一种采用上述权利要求中任一项所述的污泥干化装置的污泥干化方法，所述方法包括以下步骤：
    通过在壳体的上部设置的用于待干燥的污泥的进料口将污泥送入第一干燥室内；
    利用设置在所述第一干燥室内的至少一个污泥翻动装置的至少一个翻动组件围绕转动轴转动以翻动污泥，以使所述至少一个翻动组件的顶端刮除位于所述第一干燥室和第二干燥室之间的分隔板上形成的至少一个连通口内或附近的污泥；
    使干燥气体通过用于待干燥污泥的干燥气体的至少一个进气口进入所述第二干燥室；以及
    将已干燥污泥的干燥气体和被干燥的污泥分别通过所述第一干燥室的用于已干化污泥的干燥气体的排气口以及用于干化后的污泥的出料口排出；以及
    将通过所述至少一个连通口下落到所述第二干燥室内的污泥从用于清理污泥的清理口移出。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的污泥干化方法，其特征在于，其还包括吹送干燥气体的步骤：通过鼓风装置吹送干燥气体可以使干燥气体经过所述至少一个进气口进入所述第二干燥室内。
  18. 根据权利要求16或17所述的污泥干化方法，其特征在于，其还包括加热干燥气体的步骤：将所述干燥气体输送到加热装置，其中，所述加热装置对进入所述鼓风装置或离开所述鼓风装置的干燥气体进行加热。
  19. 根据权利要求16-18中任一项所述的污泥干化方法，其特征在于，其还包括引出干燥气体的步骤：通过引风装置将干燥污泥后的干燥气体从所述排气口引出所述第一干燥室。
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