WO2016108156A1 - Sistema de precalentamiento solar de líquidos que tiene una abertura termosifónica y nanolentes concentradores y aceleradores convectivos - Google Patents
Sistema de precalentamiento solar de líquidos que tiene una abertura termosifónica y nanolentes concentradores y aceleradores convectivos Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016108156A1 WO2016108156A1 PCT/IB2015/059956 IB2015059956W WO2016108156A1 WO 2016108156 A1 WO2016108156 A1 WO 2016108156A1 IB 2015059956 W IB2015059956 W IB 2015059956W WO 2016108156 A1 WO2016108156 A1 WO 2016108156A1
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- Prior art keywords
- tank
- thermo
- solar
- cover
- preheating system
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S20/00—Solar heat collectors specially adapted for particular uses or environments
- F24S20/30—Solar heat collectors for heating objects, e.g. solar cookers or solar furnaces
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
- F24H1/18—Water-storage heaters
- F24H1/20—Water-storage heaters with immersed heating elements, e.g. electric elements or furnace tubes
- F24H1/201—Water-storage heaters with immersed heating elements, e.g. electric elements or furnace tubes using electric energy supply
- F24H1/202—Water-storage heaters with immersed heating elements, e.g. electric elements or furnace tubes using electric energy supply with resistances
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S10/00—Solar heat collectors using working fluids
- F24S10/40—Solar heat collectors using working fluids in absorbing elements surrounded by transparent enclosures, e.g. evacuated solar collectors
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S20/00—Solar heat collectors specially adapted for particular uses or environments
- F24S20/20—Solar heat collectors for receiving concentrated solar energy, e.g. receivers for solar power plants
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S20/00—Solar heat collectors specially adapted for particular uses or environments
- F24S20/20—Solar heat collectors for receiving concentrated solar energy, e.g. receivers for solar power plants
- F24S20/25—Solar heat collectors for receiving concentrated solar energy, e.g. receivers for solar power plants using direct solar radiation in combination with concentrated radiation
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
- F24S23/30—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with lenses
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S60/00—Arrangements for storing heat collected by solar heat collectors
- F24S60/30—Arrangements for storing heat collected by solar heat collectors storing heat in liquids
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S90/00—Solar heat systems not otherwise provided for
- F24S90/10—Solar heat systems not otherwise provided for using thermosiphonic circulation
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D2200/00—Heat sources or energy sources
- F24D2200/08—Electric heater
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D2200/00—Heat sources or energy sources
- F24D2200/14—Solar energy
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
- Y02B10/20—Solar thermal
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
- Y02B10/70—Hybrid systems, e.g. uninterruptible or back-up power supplies integrating renewable energies
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
- Y02E10/44—Heat exchange systems
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a solar liquid preheating system for heating a liquid.
- Solar heaters are a good solution to heat a liquid in an ecological and cost-effective way.
- solar heaters are generally ineffective when it comes to the absorption of solar radiation used to heat the liquid and keep the heat stored in the liquid when the ambient temperature is lower, such as, for example, during the hours without daylight. Sun.
- thermosiphon is a process used for the heat exchange of liquids without an external source (such as, for example, a mechanical pump), thus eliminating the costs associated with the use of the external source and simplifying the heat transfer process.
- the thermosiphon process generally involves the use of water and natural convection, where a movement of liquid is not generated by any external source, but only by the differences in density in the liquid that occur due to temperature gradients. Specifically, because cold water has a higher specific density and is heavier than hot water, cold water will sink when stored in a water storage tank, causing hot water to rise to the top. of the water storage tank.
- Mexican patent application No. MX / a / 2010/005129 describes a solar heater comprising a transparent outer cover that houses an eccentric insulated container inside.
- the outer surface of the container is surrounded by a 6-coil coil where the incident solar rays heat the liquid inside the coil.
- the liquid moves by thermosiphon effect in where the liquid returns through six connections located in the upper part of the coil inside the insulated container and exits through six connections located in the lower part of the container to the coil.
- the solar heater described in this invention has the disadvantage of missing out on the thermal conduction of the upper surface of the container which is the one that receives the highest incidence of sunlight during the day, it is even considered to lack an optimal surface of solar radiation absorption.
- this invention lacks technical elements that allow it to concentrate solar energy towards the absorption surface.
- this invention lacks technical elements that allow to facilitate or induce the movement of liquid through the thermosiphon effect, without entailing the energy costs associated with a pump.
- this invention suggests adequate insulation, said insulation does not reach the optimum level achieved by vacuum insulation.
- This invention also lacks wireless control elements that facilitate user decision making.
- the solar heater described has a plurality of components that make its manufacturing, preparation and operation complex.
- PCT / MX2011 / 000054 describes a solar liquid heater comprising a transparent outer shell that houses an insulated container inside.
- the outer surface of the container is surrounded by an elastic membrane where the incident solar rays heat the liquid lodged between the membrane and the outer surface of the container.
- the liquid moves by thermosiphon effect where the liquid returns through one or more valves located in the upper part of the container and exits through one or more valves located in the lower part of the container.
- this invention lacks technical elements that allow it to concentrate solar energy towards the absorption surface. Likewise, this invention lacks technical elements that allow to facilitate or induce the movement of liquid through the thermosiphon effect, without entailing the energy costs associated with a pump. Moreover, the solar heater has a central tube of vent and overflow, which generates thermal losses caused by the thermal bridge of said central tube with the outside. Additionally, this invention contemplates an insulation based on an inert gas atmosphere between the outer shell and the container, which entails a series of special components for loading and sealing the inert atmosphere, however said insulation can be overcome by complexity and thermal efficiency by vacuum insulation. This invention also lacks wireless control elements that facilitate user decision making. Even more, this invention suggests the use of electric solar cells with the intention of storing electric energy, whose components raise the cost and complexity of the solar heater. Finally, the solar heater described has a plurality of components that make its manufacturing, preparation and operation complex.
- thermo-tank has in its upper part one or more upper channels and one or more lower channels that allow fluid communication between the chamber and the interior of the thermo-tank.
- electrical resistor (s) are in thermal contact with the outside of the lower portion of the absorption surface.
- the liquid lodged in the chamber circulates by thermosiphon effect and through the channels.
- the solar heater described has a plurality of components, particularly various valves described therein, which makes its manufacturing, preparation and operation complex.
- Mexican patent application MX / a / 2014/003091 describes a solar preheater comprising a cover, a base that receives at least one cold liquid inlet tube and at least one hot liquid outlet tube, a solar absorber supported on the base and hermetically housed inside the cover and a thermo-tank inside the solar absorber supported on the base and receives inside the inlet tube in its lower zone and the outlet tube in its upper zone.
- the solar absorber has an area of solar absorption on which are fixed sections of fins formed to accommodate at least one sensor tube that has an internal deflector that generates a turbulent helical movement.
- Inside the thermo-tank a central tube is coupled on which a double seat valve is mounted, which has a thermal collection surface connected to a thermal actuator.
- the solar preheater described in this invention lacks an optimal surface area for absorbing solar radiation, particularly due to the aforementioned collector tubes and fins. Also, this invention lacks technical elements that allow it to concentrate solar energy towards the absorption surface.
- the solar heater described has a plurality of components, particularly the double seat valve and baffles in the collector tubes described therein, which makes its manufacturing, preparation and operation complex.
- thermal solar heaters that use spherical or almost spherical collection surfaces that optimize the collection of solar radiation.
- the international patent application WO1985001790 describes a solar water heater consisting of a spherical container that transfers heat to the water stored inside it, a spherical transparent outer cover and water inlet and outlet ducts. Additionally, said solar water heater suggests a vacuum insulation in order to provide optimal insulation of the container.
- the solar heater described in this invention has the disadvantage that it lacks technical elements that allow it to concentrate solar energy towards the absorption surface, so that the container and the cover of this invention are not concentric with each other.
- this invention lacks technical elements that facilitate or induce the movement of water through the thermosiphon effect that occurs inside the container. Additionally, although this invention suggests a vacuum insulation, the document is obscure as to the application of said vacuum insulation. Due to its age in the state of the art, this invention lacks wireless control elements that make it easier for the user to make decisions. Finally, the document does not suggest the use of external reflectors that allow increasing the solar radiation incident in the heater.
- the utility model application in China CN2249389 describes an omnidirectional solar water heater that uses a body of water to capture sunlight.
- the invention consists of two concentric spherical tanks, both of translucent material. As isolation the document suggests leaving that space as an evacuated cavity.
- the internal water storage tank uses water as a means of capturing light.
- An arc-shaped surface is placed under the heater to bounce the incident rays that pass down the heater back towards the solar heater.
- a support base allows the heater and the arc-shaped surface to be held. Both the base and the arc-shaped surface are mechanically connected to the internal tank, so they also pass through the external tank.
- the solar heater described in this invention has the disadvantage that the internal tank is made of translucent material, so that its collection surface does not absorb as much radiation as a black or dark surface. Additionally, another disadvantage is that the lower arc-shaped surface only allows the incident rays that fall under the collector to be concentrated, and therefore lacks technical elements that allow it to concentrate solar energy towards the absorption surface from any position, both superior as inferior. Likewise, this invention lacks technical elements that facilitate or induce the movement of water through the thermosiphon effect that occurs inside the internal tank. Moreover, another disadvantage is the existence of metal connections to the internal and external tank, which generate thermal losses caused by the thermal bridge with the outside, despite the suggested insulation elements. Additionally, although this invention suggests a vacuum isolation, the document is obscure as to the application of said vacuum isolation. Finally, this invention lacks electrical resistors for the alternative heating of water, as well as wireless control elements that facilitate the user's decision-making, with respect to the use of said resistors.
- the international patent application WO2008095876 describes a spherical-shaped solar collector comprising a balloon-shaped outer body, an inner lining that acts as a sunlight-absorbing jacket containing highly conductive medium, a storage tank for heat housed inside the outer body and containing a working fluid, a heat exchanger system housed inside the tank and base, fluid conduits that provide a loop flow path between the tank and the exchanger, a pump arranged in said fluid conduits, a mass of insulating material that covers the outer surface of the storage tank.
- Said solar collector works through the use of the heat exchanger driven by the pump and which is housed inside the outer body and storage tank. This solar collector lacks technical elements that allow it to concentrate solar energy towards the absorption surface.
- this invention does not use the thermosiphon effect, so it requires a pump in the heat exchanger system, which entails the energy costs associated with said pump.
- another disadvantage is the existence of ducts and deposits, which generate thermal losses caused by thermal bridge with the outside.
- this invention suggests an insulation, it does not reach the optimum level achieved by vacuum insulation.
- This invention also lacks wireless control elements that facilitate user decision making.
- the document does not suggest the use of external reflectors that allow increasing the solar radiation incident in the heater.
- the solar heater described has a plurality of components, particularly the ducts, working fluid and pump related to the heat exchanger system, which makes its manufacturing, preparation and operation complex.
- the utility models in China CN202018141 and CN202470473 correspond to two inventions related to a spherical solar heater lacking the known vacuum tubes used by other state-of-the-art solar heaters.
- Both inventions consist of a solar heater comprising two concentric spherical tanks, the outer one in translucent material and the inner one in opaque material.
- the solar heater is connected to a flat base, an optional vertical reflector and also has a ventilation tube located at the top of both spherical tanks, which connects the inside of the inner tank to the outside.
- utility model CN202470473 has a water inlet tube, slightly raised to the lower part of the internal tank and a water outlet tube, slightly higher than the inlet tube.
- This utility model also has a sensor element that is located near the upper area of the internal tank and crosses to an area near the bottom of the external tank.
- the main disadvantage of this heater is that the water outlet tube is located in the lower part of the internal tank, which will not allow to extract the hottest water inside the heater, but instead the water from the Lower zone consists of the one at a lower temperature.
- the solar heater described in this invention has the disadvantage that it lacks technical elements that allow you to concentrate solar energy towards the absorption surface.
- this invention lacks technical elements that facilitate or induce the movement of water through the thermosiphon effect that occurs inside the container.
- another disadvantage is the existence of the ventilation tube, inlet tube and outlet tube that pass through both tanks at the described points, so that they generate thermal losses caused by the thermal bridge of both tubes with the outside.
- this invention suggests an insulation that does not reach the optimum level that is achieved by vacuum insulation.
- the sensor element of this invention lacks wireless control elements that allow optimizing the use of the water in the heater.
- this invention lacks electrical resistance for alternative water heating.
- the optional vertical baffle proposed in this invention does not optimally reflect indirect incident rays towards the solar heater.
- the utility model CN202018141 has a water inlet tube, in the lower part of the internal tank and that exits through the flat base, and a water outlet tube, in an area near the upper area of the internal tank and crosses to the lower part of the internal tank and leaving by the flat base.
- this invention also has an electric heating element with a temperature control function, located at the lowest point of the internal tank, between the inlet tube and the outlet tube, and which exits through the flat base.
- the main disadvantage of this heater is that the water outlet tube is located in an area close to the upper zone of the internal tank, but not in the uppermost zone, so water cannot be extracted Hotter inside the heater.
- the solar heater described in this invention has the disadvantage that it lacks technical elements that allow it to concentrate solar energy towards the absorption surface. Likewise, this invention lacks technical elements that facilitate or induce the movement of water through the thermosiphon effect that occurs inside the container. Moreover, another disadvantage is the existence of the ventilation tube that crosses both tanks at its upper point generates thermal losses caused by the thermal bridge of said ventilation tube with the outside. Additionally, this invention suggests an insulation that does not reach the optimum level that is achieved by vacuum insulation. This invention also lacks wireless control elements that allow the element to be controlled. heater while using water heater. Finally, the optional vertical baffle proposed in this invention does not optimally reflect indirect incident rays towards the solar heater.
- a solar heater which, in addition to having a spherical surface for absorption of optimal solar radiation, allows concentrating solar energy towards the absorption surface.
- a solar heater with optimum vacuum insulation is required, with an auxiliary vacuum maintenance system, and that eliminates thermal bridges with the outside.
- a solar heater with technical elements is needed that allows to induce the movement of water through the thermosiphon effect that occurs inside the heater.
- a solar heater with an alternate or combined use of another self-regulating backup heat source with wireless control elements that make it easier for the user to make decisions about the use of said heat source of back.
- a solar heater with optimized external reflectors is required to increase the solar radiation incident in the heater.
- the solar heater has few components that simplify its manufacture, preparation and operation.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a high thermal efficiency solar heater with an omnidirectional optimum solar radiation absorption spherical surface.
- the solar heater has technical elements that allow inducing the movement of water through the thermosiphon effect that occurs inside the heater to improve thermal transfer.
- the solar heater allows the energy to be concentrated towards the absorption surface by means of nanolens concentrators.
- Another objective of the present invention is that the solar heater has an optimum vacuum insulation and that it eliminates thermal bridges with the outside.
- Another objective of the present invention is that vacuum insulation provides for the possibility of an auxiliary maintenance system.
- Another objective of the present invention relates to the solar heater must maintain a flow suitable of the hot liquid determined by the user through the alternate or combined use of a backup heat source integrated in the heater.
- another objective of the present invention is that the solar heater the backup heat source is self-regulating and with wireless control elements that facilitate the user's decision making on the use of said heat source of back.
- Another objective of the present invention is that solar heater has optimized external reflectors that allow to increase the solar radiation incident in the heater.
- another objective of the present invention is that the solar heater allows easy manufacturing, assembly, transportation, installation and use.
- Some modalities of the disclosure refer to a solar preheating system that has a thermo-tank and a cover configured to process and store the liquid to be heated. Some embodiments of the solar preheating system include an opening formed between the thermo-tank and the cover, since the thermo-tank is covered by the cover. Some embodiments of the solar preheating system include a layer of lithographic nanoprinting layer that includes a plurality of nanolenses removably coupled to the cover. Some modalities of the solar preheating system include a liquid vacuum system in fluid communication with the opening, wherein the liquid vacuum system is configured to control the passage of liquids in the solar preheating system.
- FIG. 1 is a front perspective view of a solar liquid preheating system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 2 is a rear view of the solar liquid preheating system.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the solar liquid preheating system, taken along lines A-A 'of Figure 2.
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the solar liquid preheating system, taken along lines B-B 'of Figure 3.
- FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the solar liquid preheating system, taken along lines C-C 'of Figure 3.
- FIG. 6 is a rear view of the solar liquid preheating system.
- FIG. 7A is a perspective view of the solar liquid preheating system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 7B illustrates a cross-sectional view of the solar liquid preheating system of Figure 7A.
- FIG. 8 is a perspective view of the solar liquid preheating system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 9 is a perspective view of the solar liquid preheating system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.
- the illustrative modalities of the present disclosure are directed to a solar liquid preheating system configured to provide thermal efficiency through a thermo-tank and a cover, where both the thermo-tank and the cover are in the form of a sphere.
- the solar liquid preheating system is also configured to improve the heating of the liquid housed within the system by accelerating the occurrence of a thermosiphonic physical effect.
- the thermosiphonic effect is a method of passive heat exchange based on the natural convection that circulates a liquid without a mechanical pump.
- Convection is a type of heat transfer that occurs due to a movement of liquid when the hot liquid is caused to move away from a heat source. In particular, convection on a surface Hot is produced because the hot liquid expands, becomes less dense and rises, thus causing the circulation of liquid and convection currents that carry energy associated with the liquid.
- FIG. 1 illustrates a solar liquid preheating system (100).
- the solar heating system (100) comprises a thermo-tank (102) configured to process and store the liquid to be heated by the system (100).
- the thermo-tank (102) has the shape of a geometric figure generated by the revolution of a semicircle around the diameter of the figure, where each point on a surface of the thermo-tank (102) is equidistant from a center of the thermo- tank (102).
- the geometric figure of the thermo-tank (102) may resemble the shape of a round object, such as, but not limited to, a sphere.
- the thermo-tank (102) is configured to receive a cover (104).
- the cover (104) has a shape that resembles the shape of the thermo-tank (102) (for example, a sphere), such that the thermo-tank (102) is coated by the cover (104), thus creating a opening (106) extending throughout and in the middle of the thermo-tank (102) and the cover (104).
- the cover covers (102) ie, surrounds) the thermo-tank (102).
- the thermo-tank (102) and the cover (104) are concentric: the two components They share a common center. This modality is illustrated in FIG. 1 wherein the thermo-tank (102) is denoted by dashed dashed lines to illustrate that the thermo-tank (102) can be seen through the cover (104).
- the cover (104) can be self-cleaned with rainwater, thus serving to prevent the accumulation of dirt or unwanted materials or particles in the solar system (100).
- the shape of the cover (104) is aerodynamic, which improves the stability of the solar liquid preheating system (100), in case the system (100) was subjected to unique living environmental conditions, such as , for example, strong high-speed winds and / or excessive snow.
- the thermo-tank (102) and the cover (104) can be made of the same material. In another embodiment, the thermo-tank (102) and the cover (104) can be made of different materials.
- the thermo-tank (102) may be made of a thermoplastic polymer, such as, but not limited to, polypropylene, and the cover (104) may be made of a different type of thermoplastic polymer, such as, but not limited to, polycarbonate.
- the cover is made of a transparent material, which optimizes the absorption of solar radiation rays.
- the system properties (100) described in this disclosure they allow the system (100) to be placed in different physical locations subject to a variety of environmental conditions.
- the thermo-tank (102) comprises an upper part of the tank (108) and a lower part of the tank (110).
- thermo-tank (104) comprises an upper part of the cover (114) and a lower part of the cover (116).
- the upper part of the cover (114) is removably fixed to the lower part of the cover (116) using any suitable fastening or coupling mechanism (118).
- the clamping mechanism (112), which is used to fix the upper part of the tank (108) to the lower part of the tank (110), can be the same or different than the clamping mechanism (118), which is used for fix the upper part of the cover (114) to the lower part of the cover (116). In the mode illustrated in FIG.
- a clamping joint (120) is used to connect the clamping mechanisms (112) and (118), where the clamping joint allows the opening (106) to be maintained between the thermo-tank (102) and the cover ( 104).
- the mechanisms of clamping (112), (118) and / or clamping joint (120) can be formed by processes and materials of casting or adhesive bonding.
- the material used for the clamping mechanisms (112), (118) or the clamping joint (120) may include thermoplastics.
- the opening (106) forms a hollow circular ring that separates the thermo-tank (102) from the cover (104).
- the opening (106) has a width that is uniform throughout the circular ring, said space separating the thermo-tank (102) from the cover (104) remains constant.
- the opening (106) has a variable width, such that a space formed between the upper part of the tank (108) and the upper part of the cover (114) is different from a space formed between the lower part of the tank (110) and the bottom of the cover (116).
- thermo-tank (102) and the cover (104) allow the optimal absorption of solar radiation from the sun at any time of the day and to any solar declination, which varies with each season due to the inclination of the earth around the axis of rotation of the earth and the rotation of the earth around the sun.
- shape of the solar liquid preheating system (100) optimizes the efficiency of the total area for collection of the heated liquid inside the thermo-tank (102) by approximately 30 percent.
- the opening (106) is configured to suppress the thermal losses of the thermo-tank (102) by convection and transmission.
- thermo-tank (102) Any other loss of energy from the radiation rays is reduced when the infrared radiation rays emitted by the thermo-tank (102) are contained within the cover (104).
- the configurations of the thermo-tank (102) with respect to the cover (104) described in this document, cause the formation of mechanical loads that balance the two elements in such a way that vacuum insulation is formed inside the opening (106) .
- the solar liquid preheating system (100) includes a base (122).
- the base (122) is configured to support the thermo-tank (102), the cover (104), the opening (106) and any element used in connection with them on the ground (164) by means of a support mechanism and a union neck (124).
- the base (122) includes an upper surface (122A) interconnected to a base element (122B) having a hole (122C).
- the base element (122B) has a substantially circular shape.
- the base (122) is substantially hollow except that the base (122) can be used to support the system elements (100) as described in this document.
- the support mechanism and the connecting neck (124) may include any type of adjacent joint sealed by a connecting neck. As shown in FIG.
- the support mechanism and the connecting neck (124) are adapted to provide a container for the hole (122C) in the base element (122B).
- the support mechanism and the connecting neck (124) may include a tape or a band used to support and maintain the thermo-tank (102), the cover (104), the opening (106) and any support elements of the themselves in their place.
- the support mechanism and the connecting neck (124) can be made of a thermoplastic polymer having a low transmission coefficient.
- the polymer may include, but is not limited to, polypropylene.
- the upper surface (122A) of the base (122) includes a reflective surface finish (148), which accelerates the occurrence of the physical thermosophonic effect upon receiving a plurality of direct solar radiation rays (shown in FIG 2) and when producing a plurality of reflection rays directed to the cover (104) and the thermo-tank (102) (also shown in FIG. 2).
- Direct radiation rays also called beam radiation rays
- Radiation rays diffuse describe rays of the sun that have been dispersed by molecules and particles in the atmosphere but have still reached the surface of the earth.
- the reflected radiation rays are the sun's rays that have been reflected from non-atmospheric elements, such as the ground.
- the upper surface (122A) of the base (122) is inclined at an angle ⁇ with respect to a horizontal plane extending its tancially parallel to the ground (164).
- the spherical shape of the cover (102) and the thermo-tank (102) provide optimum absorption of the solar radiation rays that are reflected by the base (122) and are received at any point of the cover (102).
- the soil (164) may include any solid surface of the earth, and / or any type of naturally occurring soil, such as, for example, field, meadow, meadow, hay crops and grasslands, and / or man-made soil such as, for example, asphalt and concrete.
- the base (122) includes an inlet tube (126) and an outlet tube (128).
- the inlet tube (126) and the outlet tube (128) are used to control the flow of liquid in the solar liquid preheating system (100).
- the inlet tube (126) is housed in the base (122).
- the inlet tube (126) has a first end (126A) having a hole (126C) and a second end (126B) having a hole (126D).
- the first end (126A) of the inlet tube (126) extends in a plane parallel to the base (122).
- the inlet tube (126) is then curved in an upward direction from the base (122) at an angle of approximately 90 degrees.
- the curve is approximately half of the inlet tube (126).
- the inlet tube (126) bends upwards from the base (112), the inlet tube (126) extends vertically until the tube (126) is coupled to a liquid diffuser (130).
- the second end (126B) of the inlet tube (126) is adapted to fluidly engage the liquid diffuser (130).
- the orifice at the second end (126B) of the inlet tube (126) distributes, through the liquid diffuser (130), the cold liquid inside the thermo-tank (102).
- the liquid diffuser (130) is configured to distribute the cold liquid in an area of the thermo-tank (102) that is located at the lowest points within the thermo-tank (102) (i.e., by For example, the area of the thermo-tank (102) that is closest to the support mechanism and the connecting neck (124)).
- the inlet tube (126) is housed in the base (122).
- Outlet pipe (128) has a first end (128A) that has a hole and a second end (128B) that has a hole.
- the first end (128A) of the outlet tube (128) extends in a plane parallel to the base (122) and through a hole in the base (122) that is exposed to the environment.
- the outlet tube (128) bends in an upward direction from the base (122) at an angle of approximately 90 degrees.
- the outlet tube (128) extends vertically within the support mechanism and the connecting neck (124) until the outlet tube (128) reaches an ascending tube (132).
- the riser tube (132) is a tube that extends vertically inside the thermo-tank (102), in a direction away from the base (122) and directly towards the highest zone of the thermo-tank (102), so that The hot liquid is subjected to extraction by the ascending tube (132).
- the riser tube (132) has a first end (132A) coupled to the second end (128B) of the outlet tube (128).
- the riser tube (132) has a second end (132B) that extends into the thermo-tank (102) and is configured to receive the liquids therefrom.
- the first end (132A) of the riser (132) is contained in a plane that is at a lower height than the planes containing the second end (132B) and the beveled hole (132C).
- the first end (128A) of outlet tube (128) is removably coupled to the first end (132A) of the riser tube (132).
- the second end (132B) of the riser (132) is configured to provide the liquid at a desired pressure.
- the second end (132B) of the riser (132) has a beveled hole (132C), where the inclination of the tube (132) follows the general curve of the geometric figure generated by the shape of the thermo-tank ( 102).
- the solar liquid preheating system (100) includes an electrical junction box (134) adapted to store the electrical components used for the control and measurement of the variables associated with the system (100).
- the electrical connection box (134) is covered by a cover (136) in order to hide the electrical components from external environmental conditions.
- the electrical connection box (134) receives an electrical cable (138).
- the electric cable (138) is inside the base (122) and the support mechanism and connecting neck (124).
- the electric cable (138) is adapted to be coupled to a resistor (140), which adapts to any liquid that is inside the thermo-tank (102).
- the resistor (140) is supported by the support mechanism and the union neck (124).
- the resistance (140) extends longitudinally inside the thermo-tank (102).
- the resistance (140) can be self-regulating: operating at a predetermined working temperature without the need for a thermostat.
- the use of self-regulation resistance would probably simplify the operation steps that the user would have to undergo when operating the system (100).
- the predetermined resistance temperature (140) can be between 39 degrees Celsius and 45 degrees Celsius.
- the predetermined temperature of the resistance (140) is 45 degrees Celsuis. It should be noted that the surface temperature of a PCT type resistor typically does not exceed 70 degrees Celsius. This could limit and reduce the precipitation of solids on the surface of the resistor (140) and avoid any unwanted effects that could compromise the integrity of the material used to make the thermo-tank (102).
- the solar liquid preheating system (100) includes an insulating material (142).
- the insulating material (142) extends into the base (122) and serves to prevent the formation of a thermal bridge with the ground (164) that could lead to heat loss.
- thermal bridge refers to a localized area of the system (100) where a penetration of the insulating material (142) by a conductive material could occur in the separation between the interior and exterior environment of the system (100).
- the solar liquid preheating system (100) includes a vacuum valve (144).
- the vacuum valve (144) is housed inside the base (122).
- the vacuum valve (144) is connected to a vacuum pipe (146) and extends through the hole (122C) in the base (122) and a hole (150) in the support mechanism and connecting neck (124 ) until the vacuum line (146) forms a fluid connection with the opening (106).
- the connections between any of the components of the solar liquid preheating system (100) must show layers of insulation and airtightness intended to prevent the loss of liquid heating.
- the solar liquid preheating system (100) includes a lithographic nanoprinting layer (152) removably coupled to the cover (104).
- the lithographic layer (152) can be flexible and transparent to the human eye.
- the lithographic layer (152) may include a plurality of nanolenses (154).
- the nanolenses (154) can be convergent to concentrate heat.
- the nanolenses (154) are configured to accelerate the occurrence of the solar radiation.
- the nanolenses (154) can be printed using any suitable nanoprinting technique.
- each of the plurality of nanolenses (154) can have a size of 100 nanometers, where one nanometer is a unit of length that equals 1/1, 000, 000, 000 to (one billionth) of one meter.
- Each of the plurality of nanolenses (154) is designed to concentrate direct, reflected and diffuse solar radiation rays that strike at any point in the thermo-tank (102) (in the form of a sphere) at a focal length equivalent to the opening (106). This allows the thermo-tank (102) to receive a concentrated (intense) amount of solar radiation at a higher temperature compared to the amount of solar radiation that the tank would receive if it did not have the plurality of nanolenses. The higher temperature of the absorption surface accelerates the heating of the liquid and increases the efficiency of heat exchange.
- the opening (106) creates a vacuum that helps prevent refraction of radiation concentrated in the air and eliminate heat losses due to convection and transmission of the thermo-tank (102).
- the thermo-tank (102) includes an outer side (102B) facing the cover (104), where the outer side (102B) is covered by a selective optimization surface (102A) that optimizes the absorption of infrared radiation rays.
- a selective optimization surface (102A) that optimizes the absorption of infrared radiation rays.
- thermo-tank (102) when the selective optimization surface is used, unlike when transparent, smooth or uncoated materials are used on the surface of the thermo-tank (102 ).
- the focal length between the nanolenses (154), the light source and the focus point may depend on the point of origin of the received radiation, which is achieved through the aperture (106), which in turn is formed by the arrangement of the two concentric spheres of solar radiation absorption. In an embodiment illustrated in FIGS.
- the solar liquid preheating system (100) includes a plurality of channels (156) coupled to an inner side (102B) of the thermo-tank (102) oriented towards the liquid.
- the plurality of channels (156) are configured to accelerate the thermosiphon effect and improve convection heating of the liquid stored inside the thermo-tank (102).
- Solar radiation that is reflected and concentrated through the plurality of channels (156) causes an increase in the temperature of the outer surface of the thermo-tank (102). This, in turn, heats the liquid that is in direct contact with the inner side of the thermo-tank (102).
- the liquid moves up through the channels (156).
- the ascended liquid is replaced by cold liquid located inside the thermo-tank (102).
- the plurality of channels (156) allow the heating of the liquid to occur in a top-to-bottom direction instead of convection heating from the outside to the inside of the thermo-tank (102), which would be expected to occur normally in a thermo-tank with smooth interior walls and no channels.
- the plurality of channels (156) are uniform and equidistant from each other.
- the width of the plurality of channels (156) varies.
- the plurality of channels (156) coupled to the top of the tank (108) can be of a different width than the plurality of channels (156) coupled to the bottom of the tank (110).
- the solar liquid preheating system (100) includes a sensor (158) removably attached to an inner side (102B) of the upper part of the tank (108).
- the sensor is removably attached to an inner side (102B) of the upper part of the tank (108).
- the (158) includes a probe (160) configured to receive information related to the temperature of the liquid stored in the thermo-tank (102).
- the probe (160) is installed in the upper part of the sensor (158) oriented towards the liquid.
- the sensor (158) is configured to wirelessly transmit the temperature information to a control system (162) (shown in FIG. 1).
- the control system (162) includes an input / output interface comprising a wireless or infrared input / output circuit that provides a communication link configured to communicate with the electrical cable (138) and the resistor ( 140).
- control system (162) can be located away from the solar liquid preheating system (100) In one embodiment, the distance between the control system (162) and the solar liquid preheating system (100) can be up to 30 meters. This mode would allow a user to measure the temperature of the stored liquid and, depending on the measured temperature, selectively turn on or off the resistor (140) in order to optimize the use and energy consumption of the resistor.
- FIG. 8 illustrates another embodiment of the solar liquid preheating system (200) having a liquid vacuum system (202).
- the liquid vacuum system (202) includes a vacuum tank (208) having liquid, wherein the vacuum tank (208) is in fluidic communication with the opening (106).
- the liquid vacuum system (202) is adapted to control the passage of liquid from the opening (106) through the vacuum valve (144) to the vacuum line (146).
- the vacuum pipe (146) is coupled to a first tube (206) having a first valve (210) by the vacuum valve (144).
- An opposite end of the first tube (206) is connected to the empty tank (208).
- a second tube (212) is coupled to an upper surface of the vacuum tank (208) and extends upward until the second tube (212) reaches a plane that is at substantially the same latitude as the thermo-tank (102). ).
- a third valve (216) is coupled to a lower surface of the vacuum tank (208).
- tubes (206), (212) and valves (210), (214), (216) can be controlled manually or automatically.
- thermo-tank (208) is arranged at a latitude lower than the thermo-tank (102), creating a suitable height difference between the vacuum tank (208) and the thermo-tank (102).
- said difference in height between the vacuum tank (208) and the thermo-tank (102) can be between 5 and 10 meters.
- the thermo-tank (102) is placed on the roof of a house, where the vacuum tank (208) is placed on the floor next to the foundation of the house. When the vacuum tank (208) is in an "open" position, the liquid in the vacuum tank (208) is flowing and can be removed from the tank (208), thus creating a suction effect that removes any liquid from the opening (106).
- the vacuum tank (208) When the vacuum tank (208) is changed to a "closed” position, the liquid in the vacuum tank (208) stops flowing out of the tank (208), thus creating a vacuum effect where the liquid remaining in the Tank (208) functions as a type of hydraulic seal to prevent liquid from being drawn out of the opening (106).
- the vacuum tank (208) is in the "open” position, which allows flow and extraction of liquid when the first valve (210) and the second valve (214) of the first tube (210) and the second tube (212), respectively, are open, and the third valve (216) at the bottom of the vacuum tank (208) is closed. This configuration allows the liquid to be introduced into the vacuum tank (208) through the first valve (210) until the vacuum tank (208) becomes full and any overflowing liquid is received by the second valve (214).
- the vacuum tank (208) is in the "closed” position, preventing the flow and removal of liquid, when the first valve (210) and the second valve (214) are closed and the third valve (216) is open. This configuration removes the liquid out of the vacuum tank (208) and creates the aspiration that extracts the liquid from the opening (106).
- the thickness of the material used for the thermo-tank (102) and the cover (104) can be reduced, thus further optimizing the total area available to collect the liquid that is being processed. be warmed.
- the modalities of the present disclosure cause convection movement patterns that improve heat transmission efficiency by up to 25 percent, compared to the heat transmission efficiency created in systems with different geometric shapes, such as, for example, cylindrical or rectangular shapes.
- the spherical shape of the thermo-tank (102) improves the thermal conduction of the solar liquid preheating system, because the spherical shape creates a larger transmission surface that allows substantially all points of the thermo-tank (102) to be in direct contact with the liquid.
- Thermal conduction causes the liquid that has a higher temperature to rise and the liquid in the central portion of the thermo-tank (102) that has colder temperatures to go down, thus occupying the space that used to be occupied by the liquid high.
- the solar liquid preheating system includes a logo, emblem or pictorial image (218) representing the company used to create or manufacture the system.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Exposure Of Semiconductors, Excluding Electron Or Ion Beam Exposure (AREA)
- Heat-Pump Type And Storage Water Heaters (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
BR112017014246-5A BR112017014246B1 (pt) | 2014-12-31 | 2015-12-23 | sistema de pré- aquecimento solar de líquidos que tem uma abertura termosifônica e nanolentes concentradoras e aceleradores convectivos |
CONC2017/0006677A CO2017006677A2 (es) | 2014-12-31 | 2017-07-30 | Sistema de precalentamiento solar de líquidos que tiene una abertura termosifónica y nanolentes concentradores y aceleradores convectivos |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US14/588,365 US9534811B2 (en) | 2014-12-31 | 2014-12-31 | Solar fluid preheating system having a thermosiphonic aperture and concentrating and accelerating convective nanolenses |
US14/588,365 | 2014-12-31 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2016108156A1 true WO2016108156A1 (es) | 2016-07-07 |
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Family Applications (1)
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PCT/IB2015/059956 WO2016108156A1 (es) | 2014-12-31 | 2015-12-23 | Sistema de precalentamiento solar de líquidos que tiene una abertura termosifónica y nanolentes concentradores y aceleradores convectivos |
Country Status (8)
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US (1) | US9534811B2 (es) |
AR (1) | AR103309A1 (es) |
BR (1) | BR112017014246B1 (es) |
CL (1) | CL2017001727A1 (es) |
CO (1) | CO2017006677A2 (es) |
MX (1) | MX344698B (es) |
PE (1) | PE20171504A1 (es) |
WO (1) | WO2016108156A1 (es) |
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WO2018122870A1 (en) * | 2016-12-28 | 2018-07-05 | Suryawanshi Sanjeev Damodar | Curved surface absorber type solar fluid heater |
US11940182B2 (en) | 2021-05-26 | 2024-03-26 | David W. HANCOCK | Solar-powered generator |
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CN102701143A (zh) * | 2012-06-14 | 2012-10-03 | 吴奎 | 微纳米透镜片辅助聚光光刻工艺制备有序微纳米结构 |
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BR112017014246B1 (pt) | 2018-12-26 |
BR112017014246A2 (pt) | 2018-01-02 |
US9534811B2 (en) | 2017-01-03 |
CO2017006677A2 (es) | 2017-09-20 |
AR103309A1 (es) | 2017-05-03 |
MX2015000507A (es) | 2015-09-28 |
CL2017001727A1 (es) | 2018-04-20 |
PE20171504A1 (es) | 2017-10-20 |
US20160187030A1 (en) | 2016-06-30 |
MX344698B (es) | 2017-01-03 |
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