WO2016103802A1 - 新規な含臭素重合体及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
新規な含臭素重合体及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- C08F122/36—Amides or imides
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a novel bromine-containing polymer and a method for producing the same.
- Bromine-containing polymers containing bromine atoms in the molecule are used as resin additives that impart flame retardancy. It is also known that the bromine-containing polymer itself is useful as a resin material excellent in flame retardancy and optical properties (particularly high refractive index).
- bromine-containing polymers include brominated polystyrene, brominated polyphenylene ether, brominated benzyl acrylate polymer, brominated polycarbonate oligomer, brominated epoxy and the like, and these are mainly used as brominated flame retardants ( For example, refer nonpatent literature 1).
- polyacrylates containing bromine-substituted carbazole in the side chain and polyacrylates obtained using bromine-containing monomers as comonomers are reported to be flame retardant and excellent in optical properties (especially high refractive index).
- Patent Documents 1 and 2 For example, see Patent Documents 1 and 2).
- the present invention provides a novel bromine-containing polymer excellent in heat resistance and capable of imparting flame retardancy, or a novel bromine-containing polymer having flame resistance excellent in heat resistance and optical properties, and a method for producing the same. Is.
- the present invention provides the following general formula (1): (Where p is 0 or 1; m is an integer from 2 to 5, R 1 may be the same or different and each represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; R 2 represents a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, an iodine atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, an alkylthio group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or a haloalkyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- a haloalkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, a vinyl group, a nitro group, a cyano group, an aldehyde group, an amino group, a hydroxyl group, a thiol group, a sulfo group, a sulfonamide group, a carboxyl group, or an ester group, and m is In the case of 2 or 3, each R 2 may be the same or different, (The asterisk indicates the point of attachment to the polymer end or other structural unit)
- the polymer which has the structural unit represented by this, its manufacturing method, and the flame retardant containing the polymer.
- a bromine-containing polymer useful as a flame retardant or a flame retardant resin having a bromine atom in a monomer unit and having a ring structure in the main chain and excellent in heat resistance is provided.
- the polymer of the present invention can be expected as a resin material excellent in optical properties (particularly high refractive index) having flame retardancy by containing bromine atoms.
- 1 shows a 1 H-NMR chart of the compound obtained in Example 1.
- 3 shows a 13 C-NMR chart of the compound obtained in Example 1.
- FIG. 2 shows an FT-IR chart of the compound obtained in Example 1.
- 2 shows a MALDI-TOFMS chart of the compound obtained in Example 1.
- 1 shows a 1 H-NMR chart of the compound obtained in Example 2.
- 2 shows an FT-IR chart of the compound obtained in Example 2.
- 1 shows a 1 H-NMR chart of the compound obtained in Example 3.
- 2 shows an FT-IR chart of the compound obtained in Example 3.
- 1 shows a 1 H-NMR chart of the compound obtained in Example 4.
- 2 shows an FT-IR chart of the compound obtained in Example 4.
- 1 shows a 1 H-NMR chart of the compound obtained in Example 5.
- Example 5 shows an FT-IR chart of the compound obtained in Example 5.
- 1 shows a 1 H-NMR chart of the compound obtained in Example 6.
- 2 shows an FT-IR chart of the compound obtained in Example 6.
- 1 shows a 1 H-NMR chart of the compound obtained in Example 7.
- 2 shows an FT-IR chart of the compound obtained in Example 7.
- 1 shows a 1 H-NMR chart of the compound obtained in Example 8.
- 2 shows an FT-IR chart of the compound obtained in Example 8.
- 1 shows a 1 H-NMR chart of the compound obtained in Example 9.
- FIG. 13 shows a 13 C-NMR chart of the compound obtained in Example 9.
- FIG. 2 shows an FT-IR chart of the compound obtained in Example 9.
- 1 shows a 1 H-NMR chart of the compound obtained in Example 10.
- Example 10 shows an FT-IR chart of the compound obtained in Example 10.
- 1 shows a 1 H-NMR chart of the compound obtained in Example 11.
- FIG. 13 shows a 13 C-NMR chart of the compound obtained in Example 11.
- FIG. 2 shows an FT-IR chart of the compound obtained in Example 11.
- 1 shows a 1 H-NMR chart of the compound obtained in Example 12.
- 2 shows an FT-IR chart of the compound obtained in Example 12.
- 1 shows a 1 H-NMR chart of the compound obtained in Example 13.
- 2 shows an FT-IR chart of the compound obtained in Example 13.
- 1 shows a 1 H-NMR chart of the compound obtained in Example 14.
- 2 shows an FT-IR chart of the compound obtained in Example 14.
- 2 shows an FT-IR chart of the compound obtained in Example 15.
- R 1 may be the same or different and each represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms;
- R 2 represents a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, an iodine atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, an alkylthio group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or a haloalkyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- a haloalkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, a vinyl group, a nitro group, a cyano group, an aldehyde group, an amino group, a hydroxyl group, a thiol group, a sulfo group, a sulfonamide group, a carboxyl group, or an ester group, and m is In the case of 2 or 3, each R 2 may be the same or different, (The asterisk indicates the point of attachment to the polymer end or other structural unit) It is a polymer which has a structural unit represented by these.
- alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms means a monovalent group of linear or branched aliphatic saturated hydrocarbon having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, such as a methyl group, an ethyl group, Examples include propyl group, isopropyl group, butyl group, isobutyl group, s-butyl group, and t-butyl group.
- C1-C4 haloalkyl group means a C1-C4 alkyl group substituted with one or more halogen atoms, and includes a bromomethyl group, a 2-bromoethyl group, a 3-bromopropyl group, 4 -Bromobutyl group, iodomethyl group, 2-iodoethyl group, 3-iodopropyl group, 4-iodobutyl group, fluoromethyl group, 2-fluoroethyl group, 3-fluoropropyl group, 4-fluorobutyl group, tribromomethyl group, A trichloromethyl group, a trifluoromethyl group, etc. can be illustrated.
- the halogen atoms of the alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms substituted with two or more halogen atoms may be the same or different.
- C 1-4 alkoxy group means a group RO— (wherein R is an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms), and is a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, a propoxy group, an isopropoxy group. , Butoxy group, isobutoxy group, s-butoxy group, and t-butoxy group.
- C1-C4 haloalkoxy group means a C1-C4 alkoxy group substituted with one or more halogen atoms, including bromomethoxy group, 2-bromoethoxy group, 3-bromopropyl group.
- the halogen atoms of the alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms substituted by two or more halogen atoms may be the same or different.
- alkylthio group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms means a group R′S— (wherein R ′ is an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms), methylthio group, ethylthio group, propylthio group, Examples include isopropylthio group, butylthio group, isobutylthio group, s-butylthio group, and t-butylthio group.
- halogen atom or “halo” are interchangeable and mean iodine atom, bromine atom, chlorine atom or fluorine atom.
- carboxyl group or ester group means a group: —COOH or an ester group thereof (ie, group: —COOR ′′).
- R ′′ means an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- Each R 1 in the general formula (1) may be any of a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having a carbon number of 1 ⁇ 4, R 1 in each structural unit may each have identical or different, hydrogen Although it may contain both an atom and an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, a hydrogen atom or a methyl group is preferred in that the bromine content can be increased or a polymer can be easily obtained.
- each R 2 may be appropriately selected according to the availability of raw materials and the ease of synthesis, but more preferably contains one or more hydrogen atoms from the viewpoint that the bromine content can be further increased. More preferably, all are hydrogen atoms.
- the structural unit represented by the general formula (1) contained in the polymer of the present invention may be either the general formula (2) or the general formula (3). Two or more types of structural units represented by any one of the formulas may be included. Further, the polymer may contain both of the structural units represented by the general formulas (2) and (3).
- the number m of bromine atoms substituted is 2 to 5, preferably 3 to 5 from the viewpoint of bromine content.
- the bromine content of the polymer of the present invention is preferably 10 to 75% by weight, more preferably 30 to 75% by weight, and still more preferably 50 to 75% by weight based on the total weight of the polymer from the viewpoint of flame retardancy.
- a bromine content means the measured value of the method according to JIS * K * 7229 (flask combustion method).
- the measured value may be corrected using an appropriate measurement method such as chromatography.
- the polymer of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it has a structural unit represented by the general formula (1).
- Components other than the structural unit represented by the general formula (1) may be appropriately included as a copolymer component depending on the purpose and application.
- the other copolymer component is preferably a structural unit containing a vinyl group in the structure other than the general formula (1) from the viewpoint of copolymerizability.
- Examples of the monomer containing a vinyl group other than the structural unit represented by the general formula (1) include vinyl compounds, vinylidene compounds, vinylene compounds, cyclic olefin compounds, conjugated diene compounds, and vinyl at the end of the polymer molecular chain.
- the macro compound etc. which have group are mentioned, You may use 1 type individually or in combination of 2 or more types.
- vinyl compound examples include ethylene, propylene, styrene, brominated styrene, chlorinated styrene, methoxystyrene, vinyl benzyl methyl ether, vinyl toluene, vinyl chloride, vinyl bromide, vinyl fluoride, vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate, and butyric acid.
- vinylidene compound examples include vinylidene chloride, vinylidene fluoride, ⁇ -methylstyrene, methacrylic acid, methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, n-propyl methacrylate, i-propyl methacrylate, n-butyl methacrylate, i-butyl methacrylate, and s-butyl.
- vinylene compound examples include, but are not limited to, dialkyl fumarate, maleimide, N-phenylmaleimide, brominated N-phenylmaleimide, N-cyclohexylmaleimide, and vinylene carbonate.
- cyclic olefin compound examples include, but are not limited to, norbornene, cyclobutene, cyclopentene, cyclohexene, indene, brominated indene, 1-methylindene, brominated 1-methylindene, phenanthrene, and brominated phenanthrene.
- conjugated diene compound examples include, but are not limited to, 1,3-butadiene, isoprene, chloroprene, 2,3-dichloro-1,3-butadiene, and the like.
- polystyrene examples include polystyrene, polymethyl (meth) acrylate, poly-n-butyl (meth) acrylate, and polysiloxane. It is not limited.
- examples of both ends of the polymer having the structural unit represented by the general formula (1) include an initiator residue derived from a polymerization initiator described later, a hydrogen atom, and the like.
- the polymer of the present invention preferably contains 30 mol% or more, more preferably 50 mol% or more of the structural unit represented by the general formula (1) from the viewpoint of imparting flame retardancy and heat resistance. Preferably it contains 80 mol% or more. Most preferably, the polymer of the present invention has only the structural unit represented by the general formula (1).
- the molecular weight of the polymer of the present invention may be appropriately set according to the purpose and application.
- the weight average molecular weight in terms of polystyrene is preferably 1,000 to 1, It is 1,000,000, more preferably 1,000 to 500,000, and still more preferably 1,000 to 250,000.
- the 5% weight loss temperature in thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) is preferably 200 to 450 ° C., 250 More preferably, the temperature is ⁇ 450 ° C.
- the flame retardant referred to in the present invention refers to those used for the purpose of imparting flame retardancy to flammable materials such as plastic, rubber, fiber, paper, and wood.
- the thing which can be used as a material which has a flame retardance as itself is also included.
- the flame-retardant optical material refers to a material having flame retardancy among materials used for the purpose of passing light such as visible light, infrared light, ultraviolet light, X-rays, and laser through the material.
- Examples of the use of the flame retardant optical material include an optical lens, an optical film, an optical adhesive, an optical substrate, an optical filter, an optical disc, and an optical fiber.
- the manufacturing method of the polymer of this invention is not specifically limited, You may manufacture using what kind of manufacturing method.
- the following general formula (4) (Where m is an integer from 2 to 5, R 1 may be the same or different and each represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; R 2 represents a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, an iodine atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, an alkylthio group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or a haloalkyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- a haloalkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, a vinyl group, a nitro group, a cyano group, an aldehyde group, an amino group, a hydroxyl group, a thiol group, a sulfo group, a sulfonamide group, a carboxyl group, or an ester group, and m is In the case of 2 or 3, each R 2 may be the same or different)
- the polymer which has a structural unit represented by this can be obtained.
- the monomer represented by the general formula (4) used in the production method of the present invention may be prepared by any production method.
- a known method for example, an aniline derivative and an acrylic acid halide derivative (for example, It can be synthesized according to the method described in European Patent Application Publication No. 1956033.
- the following general formula (5) (Wherein m and R 2 are as defined above)
- the bromine-containing N-phenyldiacrylamide derivative represented by the general formula (4) can be obtained by reacting the acrylic acid halide derivative represented by general formula (4) in the presence of a base.
- the aniline derivative represented by the general formula (5) is commercially available and can be easily obtained from suppliers such as Manac Co., Ltd. and Sigma Aldrich Japan Co., Ltd.
- it can be synthesized according to a known method (for example, the method described in Organic Syntheses, Vol. 13, p. 93 (1933)).
- the acrylic acid halide derivative represented by the general formula (6) is commercially available, and can be easily obtained from suppliers such as Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. Examples thereof include acrylic acid chloride, methacrylic acid chloride, 2-ethylacrylic acid chloride and the like. Further, it can be synthesized by subjecting an acrylic acid derivative to a known acid halide reaction.
- acrylic acid halide derivative represented by the general formula (6) a hydrogen halide adduct that generates an acrylic acid halide derivative in the presence of a base can also be used.
- a hydrogen halide adduct that generates an acrylic acid halide derivative in the presence of a base can also be used.
- 3-chloropropionyl chloride, 3-bromopropionyl chloride and the like can be mentioned.
- the amount of the acrylic acid halide derivative represented by the general formula (6) is 1.0 to 10 mol, preferably 1.5 to 8 mol, based on 1 mol of the aniline derivative represented by the general formula (5), More preferably, it is 2.0 to 5.0 mol.
- any of an inorganic base, an organic base and a metal alkoxide can be used, and one or a combination of two or more can be used. You can also.
- the inorganic base is not particularly limited. For example, ammonia, lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, lithium hydride, sodium hydride, potassium hydride, lithium carbonate, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, cesium carbonate, Examples thereof include sodium hydrogen carbonate, potassium hydrogen carbonate, cesium hydrogen carbonate, disodium hydrogen phosphate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, metal lithium, metal sodium, and metal potassium.
- organic base examples include, but are not limited to, pyridine, 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP), lutidine, collidine, trimethylamine, dimethylamine, triethylamine, diethylamine, N, N-diisopropylethylamine, N, N-diisopropylpentylamine.
- DMAP 4-dimethylaminopyridine
- lutidine collidine
- trimethylamine dimethylamine
- triethylamine diethylamine
- N N-diisopropylethylamine
- N N-diisopropylpentylamine.
- Morpholine piperidine, pyrrolidine, 1,8-diazabicyclo [5.4.0] undec-7-ene (DBU), 1,5-diazabicyclo [4.3.0] non-5-ene (DBN), 1 , 4-diazabicyclo [2.2.2] octane (DABCO) and the like.
- the metal alkoxide is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include sodium methoxide, potassium methoxide, sodium ethoxide, potassium ethoxide, t-butoxy sodium, and t-butoxy potassium. Of these, organic bases are preferable, and pyridine, 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP), and triethylamine are more preferable.
- the amount of the base used is 0.5 to 20 mol, preferably 0.5 to 15 mol, more preferably 0.8 to 10 mol, per 1 mol of the aniline derivative represented by the general formula (5).
- the order of addition of the aniline derivative represented by the general formula (5), the acrylic acid halide derivative represented by the general formula (6) and the base is not particularly limited. These three types may be added and mixed simultaneously to start the reaction, or after mixing any two types, the remaining one type may be added at once or dividedly to start and proceed the reaction.
- the synthesis of the monomer represented by the general formula (4) may be carried out without a solvent or using a solvent.
- the solvent to be used is not particularly limited as long as it is inert to the reaction, and is appropriately selected depending on the desired reaction temperature and the like. Specific examples include aromatic hydrocarbon solvents such as benzene, toluene, xylene, mesitylene, monochlorobenzene, monobromobenzene, dichlorobenzene, and trichlorobenzene; n-hexane, n-heptane, n-octane, and cyclopentane.
- solvents toluene, xylene, monochlorobenzene, dichloromethane, tetrahydrofuran, cyclopentyl methyl ether, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, due to the solubility of raw materials, little influence on human body and environment, and easy industrial availability.
- Methyl isobutyl ketone, dimethyl sulfoxide and acetonitrile are preferred.
- the amount of the solvent used is preferably 0 to 20 times (weight basis), more preferably 0 to 10 times (weight basis) based on 1 g of the compound represented by the general formula (5). preferable.
- the reaction temperature is preferably in the range of 0 to 200 ° C.
- the reaction temperature is more preferably in the range of 0 to 150 ° C. from the viewpoint of suppressing side reactions.
- the reaction time can be appropriately set according to the conditions such as the amount and type of the starting material to be used, the presence or absence of the solvent, the type thereof, and the reaction temperature. Usually, it is preferably 1 minute to 336 hours, and more preferably 10 minutes to 168 hours from the viewpoint of workability.
- a polymerization method of the monomer represented by the general formula (4) a polymerization method such as bulk polymerization, solution polymerization, and emulsion polymerization can be used, and may be appropriately selected according to the purpose and use. Polymerization and bulk polymerization are industrially advantageous, and structure adjustment such as molecular weight is easy and preferable.
- a polymerization method based on a mechanism such as radical polymerization, anionic polymerization, cationic polymerization, coordination polymerization, etc. can be used, but the polymerization method based on the radical polymerization mechanism is industrially advantageous, preferable.
- a thermal radical polymerization initiator that generates radicals by heat and a photo radical polymerization initiator that decomposes by light irradiation to generate radicals are used.
- a polymerization initiator is not particularly limited, and may be appropriately selected according to polymerization conditions such as polymerization temperature, solvent, type of monomer to be polymerized, and these may be used alone. Two or more kinds may be used in combination. Moreover, you may use together reducing agents, such as a transition metal salt and amines, with a polymerization initiator.
- the thermal radical polymerization initiator is not particularly limited as long as it generates radicals by supplying thermal energy and initiates polymerization.
- 3-hydroxy-1,1-dimethylbutylperoxyneodeca Noate ⁇ -cumylperoxyneodecanoate, 1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutylperoxyneodecanoate, t-amylperoxyneodecanoate, t-butylperoxyneodecanoate, di ( 2-ethylhexyl) peroxydicarbonate, di (s-butyl) peroxydicarbonate, t-butylperoxyneoheptanoate, t-amylperoxypivalate, t-butylperoxypivalate, diisononanoyl peroxide, dilauroyl peroxide 1,1,3,3-tetramethylbu Ruperoxy-2-ethylhexanoate, dibenzoyl peroxid
- the radical photopolymerization initiator is not particularly limited as long as it is decomposed by light irradiation to generate radicals and initiate polymerization.
- the amount of the polymerization initiator used is not particularly limited as long as it is appropriately set according to the type and amount of the monomer used, the polymerization temperature, the polymerization conditions such as the polymerization concentration, the molecular weight of the target polymer, etc.
- it is preferably 0.01 to 20 mol%, preferably 0.05 to 15 mol, based on the total number of moles of monomers.
- the mol% is more preferable, and 0.1 to 10 mol% is more preferable.
- a chain transfer agent may be used as necessary, and it is more preferable to use it together with a radical polymerization initiator.
- a chain transfer agent is used at the time of polymerization, there is a tendency that increase in molecular weight distribution and gelation can be suppressed.
- chain transfer agents include mercaptocarboxylic acids such as mercaptoacetic acid and 3-mercaptopropionic acid; methyl mercaptoacetate, methyl 3-mercaptopropionate, 2-ethylhexyl 3-mercaptopropionate, N-octyl 3-mercaptopropionate, methoxybutyl 3-mercaptopropionate, stearyl 3-mercaptopropionate, trimethylolpropane tris (3-mercaptopropionate), pentaerythritol tetrakis (3-mercaptopropionate), di Mercaptocarboxylic esters such as pentaerythritol hexakis (3-mercaptopropionate); ethyl mercaptan, t-butyl mercaptan, n-dodecyl mercaptan, 1,2-dimercaptoethane, etc.
- mercaptocarboxylic acids such as mercapto
- Alkyl mercaptans Alkyl mercaptans; mercapto alcohols such as 2-mercaptoethanol and 4-mercapto-1-butanol; aromatic mercaptans such as benzenethiol, m-toluenethiol, p-toluenethiol and 2-naphthalenethiol; tris [(3 Mercaptoisocyanurates such as -mercaptopropionyloxy) -ethyl] isocyanurate; disulfides such as 2-hydroxyethyl disulfide and tetraethylthiuram disulfide; dithiocarbamates such as benzyldiethyldithiocarbamate; simple units such as ⁇ -methylstyrene dimer Non-limiting examples of monomeric dimers; halogenated alkyls such as carbon tetrabromide.
- mercaptocarboxylic acids mercaptocarboxylic acids, mercaptocarboxylic acid esters, alkyl mercaptans, mercapto alcohols, aromatic mercaptans; mercaptoisocyanurates in terms of availability, ability to prevent crosslinking, and low degree of polymerization rate reduction.
- Compounds having a mercapto group such as alkyls are preferred, and alkyl mercaptans, mercaptocarboxylic acids, and mercaptocarboxylic esters are most preferred. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the amount of chain transfer agent used is not particularly limited as long as it is appropriately set according to the type and amount of monomers used, the polymerization temperature, the polymerization conditions such as the polymerization concentration, the molecular weight of the target polymer, etc.
- it is preferably 0.01 to 20 mol%, preferably 0.05 to 15 mol, based on the total number of moles of monomers.
- the mol% is more preferable, and 0.1 to 10 mol% is more preferable.
- the polymerization temperature when the monomer represented by the general formula (4) is polymerized using a polymerization initiator that generates radicals by heat by a radical polymerization mechanism the type and amount of the monomer used, polymerization What is necessary is just to set suitably according to the kind, quantity, etc. of an initiator, but 30-200 degreeC is preferable and 60-170 degreeC is more preferable.
- bulk polymerization is preferably selected from the viewpoint of productivity. What is necessary is just to set suitably the conditions in the case of superposing
- the solvent used for the polymerization is not particularly limited as long as it is inert to the polymerization reaction, and the polymerization mechanism, What is necessary is just to set suitably according to superposition
- toluene, xylene, monochlorobenzene, dichloromethane, tetrahydrofuran, cyclopentyl methyl ether, N— are preferred because of the solubility of the monomer, little influence on the human body and the environment, and easy industrial availability.
- Methyl-2-pyrrolidone N, N-dimethylacetamide, N, N-dimethylformamide, methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, n-propyl alcohol, isobutanol, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, dimethyl sulfoxide and acetonitrile are preferred.
- the amount of the solvent used is preferably 10 to 5,000 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of all monomers, More preferred is ⁇ 1,000 parts by weight.
- the polymerization time in the production method of the present invention can be appropriately set depending on conditions such as the amount and type of the starting material to be used, the presence or absence of a solvent, the type thereof, and the reaction temperature. Usually, it is preferably 1 minute to 72 hours, and more preferably 10 minutes to 48 hours from the viewpoint of workability.
- a polymer having a structural unit represented by the general formula (1) can be isolated from the obtained reaction solution using a general method.
- the isolation method is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a method of concentrating the polymerization solvent and / or a method of depositing a solid by adding it to a poor solvent.
- the isolated polymer can be further purified by column chromatography, reprecipitation method, or the like, if necessary, and can be dried and / or melted by heating and pelletized as necessary.
- HPLC purity of compounds obtained in Examples and Synthesis Examples 5% weight loss temperature, glass transition temperature (or melting point), weight average molecular weight, MALDI-TOFMS, bromine content, 1 H-NMR, 13 C-NMR
- FT-IR infrared absorption spectrum
- HPLC purity Measured using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and calculated by area percentage. The measurement conditions are as follows.
- 5% weight loss temperature About 10 mg of a sample is placed in an aluminum cell, and the temperature is increased at a rate of 10 ° C./min in a nitrogen stream using a differential thermal and thermogravimetric simultaneous measurement device (Shimadzu Corporation DTG-60). The temperature was raised to 40 to 600 ° C. The temperature was the time when the weight decreased by 5% from the start of measurement.
- Glass transition temperature Approximately 5 mg of a sample was sealed in an aluminum pan, and a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC-60 manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation) was used, and the temperature was 100 ° C. to 300 ° C. at a rate of 20 ° C. per minute in a nitrogen atmosphere. The temperature was raised twice. The glass transition temperature was calculated from the extrapolated point of the DSC curve at the second temperature rise by analysis software.
- DSC-60 differential scanning calorimeter manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation
- Weight average molecular weight Measured by gel permeation chromatography. A standard curve up to a molecular weight of about 1,200,000 was prepared in advance using Tosoh standard polystyrene, and the weight average molecular weight in terms of standard polystyrene was calculated from the resulting chromatograph using a data processor. The analysis conditions are as follows.
- Sample preparation 0.01 g of sample is dissolved in 10 mL of tetrahydrofuran Injection amount: 10 ⁇ L Detector: SPD-M10AVP (manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation) Oven: CTO-10A (manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation) Pump: LC-10AD (manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation) Degasser: DGU-14A (manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation) System controller: CBM-10A (manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation) Column: TSK-Gel G4000Hxl ⁇ 1, G3000Hxl ⁇ 1, G2000Hxl ⁇ 2 4 linked (manufactured by Tosoh Corporation) Mobile phase: Tetrahydrofuran Column temperature: 40 ° C Flow rate: 1.0 mL / min Wavelength: 254nm
- Matrix-assisted laser desorption / ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry 10 mg of matrix (1,8,9-trihydroxyanthracene), 10 mg of ionizing agent (sodium trifluoroacetate) and 3 mg of measurement sample were dissolved in 1 mL of tetrahydrofuran. Then, 30 ⁇ L of the solution was dropped onto a measurement plate and dried to prepare a sample, and measurement was performed with MALDI-TOFMS (AXIMA Confidence manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation).
- Bromine content Measured by a method according to JIS K 7229 (flask combustion method).
- a quantitative sample was prepared by a flask combustion method, and then measured using an ion chromatograph apparatus DX-320 manufactured by Dionex Corporation. The analysis conditions are as follows.
- Sample preparation 20 mg of a sample was obtained by a method according to JIS K 7229 (flask combustion method).
- Pump detector module IC-25 (manufactured by Dionex) Flow rate: 1.0 mL / min
- 1 H-NMR Compound and deuterated chloroform (containing 0.05% TMS of chloroform-d 1 manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) or heavy DMSO (dimethylsulfoxide-d 6 manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) A solution in which 05% TMS was mixed was prepared, and 1 H-NMR measurement was performed by NMR (JNM-AL400 manufactured by JEOL Ltd.).
- FT-IR Infrared absorption spectrum
- FIG. 1A shows the 1 H-NMR of the target product
- FIG. 1B shows the 13 C-NMR
- FIG. 2 shows the FT-IR chart
- FIG. 3 shows the MALDI-TOF-MASS.
- Example 1 As shown in FIG. 2, as a result of IR measurement, two C ⁇ O absorption peaks (1722 cm ⁇ 1 and 1696 cm ⁇ 1 ) of imide were observed. By comparison with the IR measurement results of Reference Examples 1 and 2, the former can be attributed to an imide structure having a 5-membered ring and the latter to a 6-membered ring. Therefore, the polymer obtained in Example 1 includes both the structural unit represented by the general formula (2) and the structural unit represented by the general formula (3). Further, as shown in FIG. 1B, as a result of 13 C-NMR, two signals (178 ppm and 175 ppm) derived from C ⁇ O of imide were observed.
- the former can be attributed to an imide structure having a 5-membered ring and the latter to a 6-membered ring. From the integration ratio of both, the abundance ratio of the structural unit (5-membered ring) represented by the general formula (3) and the structural unit (6-membered ring) represented by the general formula (2) is 1: 1.5. And calculated.
- FIG. 4 shows the 1 H-NMR of the target product
- FIG. 5 shows the FT-IR chart.
- FIG. 8 shows the 1 H-NMR of the target product
- FIG. 9 shows the FT-IR chart.
- Example 5 Copolymerization of N- (2,4,6-tribromophenyl) dimethacrylamide and methyl methacrylate N- (2,4,6-tribromophenyl) dimethacrylamide synthesized in Synthesis Example 1 (233 mg, 0. 500 mmol) and 51.4 mg (0.513 mmol) of methyl methacrylate (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) were copolymerized in the same procedure as in Example 4. The obtained solid was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran, and this solution was added to 30 mL of methanol. The resulting precipitate was filtered with suction and vacuum dried to obtain the desired copolymer as a white solid (183 mg, 64% of the theoretical weight).
- FIG. 10 shows the 1 H-NMR of the target product
- FIG. 11 shows the FT-IR chart.
- Example 6 Copolymerization of N- (2,4,6-tribromophenyl) dimethacrylamide and benzyl methacrylate 233 mg (0.500 mmol) of N- (2,4,6-tribromophenyl) dimethacrylamide synthesized in Synthesis Example 1 ) And benzyl methacrylate (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) 88.2 mg (0.500 mmol) were copolymerized in the same procedure as in Example 4. The obtained solid was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran, and this solution was added to 30 mL of methanol.
- Example 7 Copolymerization of N- (2,4,6-tribromophenyl) dimethacrylamide and N-isopropylacrylamide 233 mg of N- (2,4,6-tribromophenyl) dimethacrylamide synthesized in Synthesis Example 1 (0. 500 mmol) and 56.6 mg (0.500 mmol) of N-isopropylacrylamide (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) were copolymerized in the same procedure as in Example 4. The obtained solid was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran, and this solution was added to 30 mL of methanol.
- Example 8 Copolymerization of N- (2,4,6-tribromophenyl) dimethacrylamide and 1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone 233 mg of N- (2,4,6-tribromophenyl) dimethacrylamide synthesized in Synthesis Example 1 (0.500 mmol) and 1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) 56.5 mg (0.508 mmol) were copolymerized in the same procedure as in Example 4. The obtained solid was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran, and this solution was added to 30 mL of methanol.
- FIG. 16 shows the 1 H-NMR of the target product
- FIG. 17 shows the FT-IR chart.
- FIG. 18A shows the 1 H-NMR of the target product
- FIG. 18B shows the 13 C-NMR
- FIG. 19 shows the FT-IR chart.
- the polymer obtained in Example 9 includes both the structural unit represented by the general formula (2) and the structural unit represented by the general formula (3).
- FIG. 18B as a result of 13 C-NMR, two signals (178 ppm and 175 ppm) derived from C ⁇ O of imide were observed.
- the former can be attributed to an imide structure having a 5-membered ring and the latter to a 6-membered ring.
- the abundance ratio of the structural unit (5-membered ring) represented by the general formula (3) and the structural unit (6-membered ring) represented by the general formula (2) is 1.2: 1. And calculated.
- FIG. 20 shows the 1 H-NMR of the target product
- FIG. 21 shows the FT-IR chart.
- FIG. 22A shows the 1 H-NMR of the target product
- FIG. 22B shows the 13 C-NMR
- FIG. 23 shows the FT-IR chart.
- Example 11 As shown in FIG. 23, as a result of IR measurement, one absorption peak (1722 cm ⁇ 1 ) of C ⁇ O of imide was observed. By comparison with the results of IR measurement of Reference Example 1, it can be attributed to a five-membered imide structure.
- FIG. 22B As a result of 13 C-NMR, one signal (178 ppm) derived from C ⁇ O of imide was observed. By comparison with the result of 13 C-NMR measurement of Reference Example 1, it can be attributed to a five-membered imide structure. From these results, the polymer obtained in Example 11 is a compound composed of the structural unit represented by the general formula (2).
- FIG. 24 shows the 1 H-NMR of the target product
- FIG. 25 shows the FT-IR chart. From 1 H-NMR, the ratio of diacryloylamide monomer to styrene monomer was 2: 1.
- FIG. 26 shows the 1 H-NMR of the target product
- FIG. 27 shows the FT-IR chart.
- FIG. 30 shows an FT-IR chart of the object.
- the polymer of the present invention contains a bromine atom in the monomer unit and has a ring structure in the main chain, a bromine-containing polymer useful as a flame retardant or a flame retardant resin excellent in heat resistance is provided. . Further, the polymer of the present invention can be expected as a resin material having flame retardancy with excellent optical properties (particularly high refractive index) by containing bromine atoms.
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Abstract
Description
(式中、
pは、0又は1であり、
mは、2~5の整数であり、
R1は、各々同一であっても異なっていてもよく、水素原子又は炭素数1~4のアルキル基であり、
R2は、水素原子、フッ素原子、塩素原子、ヨウ素原子、炭素数1~4のアルキル基、炭素数1~4のアルコキシ基、炭素数1~4のアルキルチオ基、炭素数1~4のハロアルキル基、炭素数1~4のハロアルコキシ基、ビニル基、ニトロ基、シアノ基、アルデヒド基、アミノ基、ヒドロキシル基、チオール基、スルホ基、スルホンアミド基、カルボキシル基もしくはエステル基であり、mが2又は3の場合、各R2は同一であっても異なっていてもよく、
星印は、重合体末端又は他の構造単位との結合点を示す)
で表される構造単位を有する重合体、その製造方法及びその重合体を含む難燃剤に関する。
(式中、
pは、0又は1であり、
mは、2~5の整数であり、
R1は、各々同一であっても異なっていてもよく、水素原子又は炭素数1~4のアルキル基であり、
R2は、水素原子、フッ素原子、塩素原子、ヨウ素原子、炭素数1~4のアルキル基、炭素数1~4のアルコキシ基、炭素数1~4のアルキルチオ基、炭素数1~4のハロアルキル基、炭素数1~4のハロアルコキシ基、ビニル基、ニトロ基、シアノ基、アルデヒド基、アミノ基、ヒドロキシル基、チオール基、スルホ基、スルホンアミド基、カルボキシル基もしくはエステル基であり、mが2又は3の場合、各R2は同一であっても異なっていてもよく、
星印は、重合体末端又は他の構造単位との結合点を示す)
で表される構造単位を有する重合体である。
(式中、R1、R2、m及び星印は、前記と同義である)
pが0の場合はイミド部分が5員環構造であることを意味し、具体的には、下記一般式(3)を表す。
(式中、R1、R2、m及び星印は、前記と同義である)
(式中、
mは、2~5の整数であり、
R1は、各々同一であっても異なっていてもよく、水素原子又は炭素数1~4のアルキル基であり、
R2は、水素原子、フッ素原子、塩素原子、ヨウ素原子、炭素数1~4のアルキル基、炭素数1~4のアルコキシ基、炭素数1~4のアルキルチオ基、炭素数1~4のハロアルキル基、炭素数1~4のハロアルコキシ基、ビニル基、ニトロ基、シアノ基、アルデヒド基、アミノ基、ヒドロキシル基、チオール基、スルホ基、スルホンアミド基、カルボキシル基もしくはエステル基であり、mが2又は3の場合、各R2は同一であっても異なっていてもよい)
で表される単量体を重合することにより、下記一般式(1):
(式中、R1、R2、m、p及び星印は、前記と同義である)
で表される構造単位を有する重合体を得ることができる。
(式中、m及びR2は、前記と同義である)
で表されるアニリン誘導体と、一般式(6):
(式中、
R1は、水素原子又は炭素数1~4のアルキル基であり、
Xは、塩素原子又は臭素原子である)
で表されるアクリル酸ハライド誘導体を、塩基存在下で反応させることで、前記一般式(4)で表される含臭素N-フェニルジアクリルアミド誘導体を得ることができる。
検出器 :SPD-10AVP((株)島津製作所製)
オーブン :CTO-10AVP((株)島津製作所製)
ポンプ :LC-10ADVP((株)島津製作所製)
カラム :ODS-80TM(東ソー(株)製)
溶離液 :アセトニトリル/水/リン酸=600/400/0.5
カラム温度 :40℃
流速 :1.0mL/min
波長 :254nm
注入量:10μL
検出器:SPD-M10AVP(株式会社島津製作所製)
オーブン:CTO-10A(株式会社島津製作所製)
ポンプ:LC-10AD(株式会社島津製作所製)
デガッサ:DGU-14A(株式会社島津製作所製)
システムコントローラー:CBM-10A(株式会社島津製作所製)
カラム:TSK-Gel G4000Hxl×1、G3000Hxl×1、G2000Hxl×2 4本連結(東ソー株式会社製)
移動相:テトラヒドロフラン
カラム温度:40℃
流速:1.0mL/min
波長:254nm
フッ素を含有する合成例5はフラスコ燃焼法により定量試料を調製した後、ダイオネクス(株)社製のイオンクロマトグラフ装置DX-320を用いて測定した。分析条件は以下の通りである。
カラム:IonPac AS11-HC 4×250mm(ダイオネクス(株)製)
オーブン:LC-25(ダイオネクス(株)製)
オートサンプラ:AS-50(ダイオネクス(株)製)
溶離液ジェネレータ:EG-40(ダイオネクス(株)製)
ポンプ検出器モジュール:IC-25(ダイオネクス(株)製)
流速:1.0mL/min
カラム温度:30℃
溶離液:5mM KOH
N-(2,4,6-トリブロモフェニル)ジメタクリルアミドの合成
コンデンサーを備えたナスフラスコに、2,4,6-トリブロモアニリン(マナック(株)社製)1.65g(5.00mmol)、ジクロロメタン5.00mL、4-ジメチルアミノピリジン(東京化成工業(株)社製)0.09g(0.736mmol)、トリエチルアミン(東京化成工業(株)社製)1.52g(15.0mmol)を加え、氷浴中で塩化メタクリロイル(東京化成工業(株)社製)1.57g(15.0mmol)をゆっくり滴下した後、室温で6日間撹拌を行った。反応終了後、反応溶液を減圧下で留去し、ヘキサン/酢酸エチルの混合溶媒により再結晶を行った。得られた白色結晶を真空下で乾燥を行うことによって目的物を1.49g(3.20mmol)、収率64%、HPLC純度100.0%、臭素含量51.5%、融点139℃で得た。
N-(2,4,6-トリブロモフェニル)メタクリルアミドの合成
コンデンサー、温度計及びガス吸収装置を備えた500mL4つ口フラスコに、2,4,6-トリブロモアニリン(マナック(株)社製)52.1g(158mmol)、4-ジメチルアミノピリジン(東京化成工業(株)社製)0.965g(7.90mmol)、モノクロロベンゼン 230mL、トリエチルアミン(東京化成工業(株)社製)15.9g(158mmol)を加え、ここへ塩化メタクリロイル(東京化成工業(株)社製)19.8g(190mmol)を滴下し、還流管を取り付けて還流するまで加熱した。18時間撹拌後、室温に戻し水200mLを注入し有機層を洗浄・分液した。分液後、反応液を静置すると固体が析出してきたため、ろ過して回収した(44.5g)。また、ろ過後の溶液にヘプタン95.0gを加え、固体を析出させ、これをろ過して回収した(8.46g)。得られた粗生成物50.3g(126mmol)をトルエンにより再結晶を行った。得られた結晶を乾燥することによって目的のN-(2,4,6-トリブロモフェニル)メタクリルアミドを44.3g(111mmol)、収率70%、HPLC純度99.6%、臭素含量60.1%、融点159℃で得た。
N-(2,4,6-トリブロモフェニル)ジアクリルアミドの合成
コンデンサーを備えたナスフラスコに、2,4,6-トリブロモアニリン(マナック(株)社製)5.00g(15.1mmol)、)、4-ジメチルアミノピリジン(東京化成工業(株)社製)0.19g(1.56mmol)、モノクロロベンゼン 32mL、トリエチルアミン 9.20g(90.9mmol)、2,6-ジ-t-ブチル-p-クレゾール(BHT)(東京化成工業(株)社製)0.01g(0.045mmol)を加え、3-クロロプロピオニルクロリド(東京化成工業(株)社製)5.77g(45.4mmol)を滴下した後、内温40℃で80分間撹拌した。反応終了後、反応溶液をろ過した後、母液を減圧下で濃縮して粗生成物を得た。得られた粗生成物をイソプロピルアルコール/ヘプタン(重量比=1:1)の混合溶媒により10℃で再結晶を行ない、結晶を濾取した。得られた白色結晶を40℃で送風乾燥を行うことによって目的物を2.33g(5.32mmol)、収率35%、HPLC純度99.9%、臭素含量54.8%、融点99℃で得た。
N-(2,6-ジブロモ-4-メチルフェニル)ジメタクリルアミドの合成
コンデンサーを備えたナスフラスコに、2,6-ジブロモ-4-メチルアニリン(東京化成工業(株)社製)3.04g(11.5mmol)、モノクロロベンゼン23.0mL、4-ジメチルアミノピリジン(東京化成工業(株)社製)0.07g(0.573mmol)、トリエチルアミン(東京化成工業(株)社製)2.79g(27.6mmol)を加え、塩化メタクリロイル(東京化成工業(株)社製)2.88g(27.6mmol)をゆっくり滴下した後、内温70℃で17時間撹拌を行った。反応終了後、反応溶液をろ過した後、母液を減圧下で濃縮して粗生成物を得た。得られた粗生成物をヘプタン/モノクロロベンゼンの混合溶媒により再結晶を行ない、結晶を濾取した。得られた白色結晶を60℃で送風乾燥を行うことによって目的物を2.15g(5.36mmol)、収率47%、HPLC純度100.0%、臭素含量39.7%、融点137℃で得た。
N-(2,6-ジブロモ-4-トリフルオロメトキシフェニル)ジメタクリルアミドの合成
2,6-ジブロモ-4-メチルアニリン(東京化成工業(株)社製)の代わりに、2,6-ジブロモ-4-トリフルオロメトキシアニリン(東京化成工業(株)社製)3.00g(8.96mmol)を用いた以外は合成例4と同様な手順で行った。得られた粗生成物をヘプタン/モノクロロベンゼンの混合溶媒再結晶を行ない、結晶を濾取した。得られた白色結晶を60℃で送風乾燥を行うことによって目的物を1.05g(2.23mmol)、収率25%、HPLC純度99.7%、臭素含量33.1%、融点94℃で得た。
N-(2,6-ジブロモ-4-ニトロフェニル)ジメタクリルアミドの合成
2,6-ジブロモ-4-メチルアニリン(東京化成工業(株)社製)の代わりに、2,6-ジブロモ-4-ニトロアニリン(東京化成工業(株)社製)3.00g(10.1mmol)を用いた以外は合成例4と同様な手順で行った。得られた粗生成物をメタノールにより再結晶を行ない、結晶を濾取した。得られた白色結晶を60℃で送風乾燥を行うことによって目的物を3.55g(8.22mmol)、収率81%、HPLC純度99.6%、臭素含量36.6%、融点141℃で得た。
5員環モデル化合物の合成
2,4,6-トリブロモアニリン(マナック(株)社製)0.659g(2.00mmol)と4-ジメチルアミノピリジン(DMAP)0.0500g(0.409mmol)、トリエチルアミン(TEA)0.700mLをジクロロメタン20mLに溶解させた。氷浴中でコハク酸クロリド0.450mLをゆっくりと加え、17時間室温で撹拌した。飽和食塩水と酢酸エチルで分液後、硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥した。シリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィー(酢酸エチル:ヘキサン=1:10→1:2)で分離し、酢酸エチル:ヘキサン=1:10の混合溶媒で再結晶し、目的物を0.335g、収率41%で得た。
IR:1724cm-1
13C-NMR:174.88ppm
6員環モデル化合物の合成
2,4,6-トリブロモアニリン(マナック(株)社製)0.653g(1.98mmol)とDMAP0.0255g(0.209mmol)、TEA0.700mLをジクロロメタン20mLに溶解させた。氷浴中でグルタリルクロリド0.450mLをゆっくりと加え、1時間室温で撹拌した。薄層クロマトグラフィーによる反応追跡により、反応が進行していないことを確認したため、TEA0.700mLとグルタリルクロリド0.450mLを追加して室温で23時間撹拌した。飽和食塩水と酢酸エチルで分液後、硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥した。シリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィー(酢酸エチル:ヘキサン=1:2→1:0)で分離し、目的物を0.0753g、収率9%で得た。
IR:1698cm-1
13C-NMR:171.16ppm
N-(2,4,6-トリブロモフェニル)ジメタクリルアミドのラジカル重合
合成例1で合成したN-(2,4,6-トリブロモフェニル)ジメタクリルアミド510mg(1.09mmol)を反応容器に入れ、そこにジ-t-ブチルペルオキシド(和光純薬工業(株)社製)850mgをジエチルエーテル10mLに溶かした溶液を0.1mL加えた(よって、実際に加えられたラジカル開始剤の量は8.5mg、0.058mmol)。減圧にてジエチルエーテルを除去し、アルゴン置換したのち、140℃で24時間撹拌した。得られた固体をテトラヒドロフランに溶解し、この溶液をメタノール30mLに加えた。生成した沈殿物を吸引濾過し、真空乾燥することで目的の重合体を白色固体として得た(372mg、理論重量の72%)。臭素含量:実測値50.9%、理論値51.4%;ガラス転移温度255℃;5%重量減少温度396℃;重量平均分子量7,600(Mw/Mn2.1)。目的物の1H-NMRを図1Aに、13C-NMRを図1Bに、FT-IRチャートを図2に、MALDI-TOF-MASSを図3に示す。
実施例1で得られた重合体と主要な難燃剤の耐熱性を比較する為、それぞれの5%重量減少温度及びガラス転移温度を表1に示す。
N-(2,4,6-トリブロモフェニル)ジメタクリルアミドとN-(2,4,6-トリブロモフェニル)メタクリルアミドの共重合
合成例1で合成したN-(2,4,6-トリブロモフェニル)ジメタクリルアミド234mg(0.501mmol)と合成例2で合成したN-(2,4,6-トリブロモフェニル)メタクリルアミド199mg(0.501mmol)を反応容器に入れ、そこにジ-t-ブチルペルオキシド(和光純薬工業(株)社製)360mgをジエチルエーテル10mLに溶かした溶液を0.1mL加えた(よって、実際に加えられたラジカル開始剤の量は3.6mg,0.025mmol)。減圧にてジエチルエーテルを除去し、アルゴン置換したのち、160℃で24時間撹拌した。得られた固体をテトラヒドロフランに溶解し、この溶液をメタノール30mLに加えた。生成した沈殿物を吸引濾過し、真空乾燥することで目的の共重合体を白色固体として得た(307mg,理論重量の70%)。臭素含量:実測値58.8%;ガラス転移温度207℃;5%重量減少温度318℃;重量平均分子量4,300(Mw/Mn2.1)。目的物の1H-NMRを図4に、FT-IRチャートを図5に示す。
N-(2,4,6-トリブロモフェニル)ジメタクリルアミドと(2,4,6-トリブロモフェニル)アクリレートの共重合
合成例1で合成したN-(2,4,6-トリブロモフェニル)ジメタクリルアミド233mg(0.500mmol)と(2,4,6-トリブロモフェニル)アクリレート(第一工業製薬(株)社製ニューフロンティア(登録商標)BR-30)193mg(0.501mmol)を反応容器に入れ、そこにジ-t-ブチルペルオキシド(和光純薬工業(株)社製)360mgをジエチルエーテル10mLに溶かした溶液を0.1mL加えた(よって、実際に加えられたラジカル開始剤の量は3.6mg,0.025mmol)。減圧にてジエチルエーテルを除去し、アルゴン置換したのち、140℃で24時間撹拌した。得られた固体をテトラヒドロフランに溶解し、この溶液をメタノール30mLに加えた。生成した沈殿物を吸引濾過し、真空乾燥することで目的の共重合体を白色固体として得た(375mg,理論重量の87%)。臭素含量:実測値56.4%;ガラス転移温度203℃;5%重量減少温度340℃;重量平均分子量12,600(Mw/Mn2.3)。目的物の1H-NMRを図6に、FT-IRチャートを図7に示す。
N-(2,4,6-トリブロモフェニル)ジメタクリルアミドとスチレンの共重合
合成例1で合成したN-(2,4,6-トリブロモフェニル)ジメタクリルアミド242mg(0.518mmol)とスチレン(和光純薬工業(株))54.0mg(0.518mmol)を反応容器に加え、そこにジ-t-ブチルペルオキシド(和光純薬工業(株)社製)360mgをジエチルエーテル10mLに溶かした溶液を0.1mL加えた(よって、実際に加えられたラジカル開始剤の量は3.6mg,0.025mmol)。減圧にてジエチルエーテルを除去し、アルゴン置換したのち、140℃で24時間撹拌した。得られた固体をテトラヒドロフランに溶解し、この溶液をメタノール30mLに加えた。生成した沈殿物を吸引濾過し、真空乾燥することで目的の共重合体を白色固体として得た(221mg,理論重量の74%)。臭素含量:実測値46.3%;ガラス転移温度218℃;5%重量減少温度369℃;重量平均分子量18,300(Mw/Mn4.1)。目的物の1H-NMRを図8に、FT-IRチャートを図9に示す。
N-(2,4,6-トリブロモフェニル)ジメタクリルアミドとメタクリル酸メチルの共重合
合成例1で合成したN-(2,4,6-トリブロモフェニル)ジメタクリルアミド(233mg,0.500mmol)とメタクリル酸メチル(和光純薬工業(株)社製)51.4mg(0.513mmol)の共重合を、実施例4と同様の手順で行った。得られた固体をテトラヒドロフランに溶解し、この溶液をメタノール30mLに加えた。生成した沈殿物を吸引濾過し、真空乾燥することで目的の共重合体を白色固体として得た(183mg,理論重量の64%)。臭素含量:実測値50.3%;ガラス転移温度253℃;、5%重量減少温度393℃、重量平均分子量9,500(Mw/Mn1.9)。目的物の1H-NMRを図10に、FT-IRチャートを図11に示す。
N-(2,4,6-トリブロモフェニル)ジメタクリルアミドとメタクリル酸ベンジルの共重合
合成例1で合成したN-(2,4,6-トリブロモフェニル)ジメタクリルアミド233mg(0.500mmol)とメタクリル酸ベンジル(和光純薬工業(株)社製)88.2mg(0.500mmol)の共重合を、実施例4と同様の手順で行った。得られた固体をテトラヒドロフランに溶解し、この溶液をメタノール30mLに加えた。生成した沈殿物を吸引濾過し、真空乾燥することで目的の共重合体を白色固体として得た(266mg、理論重量の82%)。臭素含量:実測値39.1%;ガラス転移温度170℃;5%重量減少温度355℃;重量平均分子量15,000(Mw/Mn2.0)。目的物の1H-NMRを図12に、FT-IRチャートを図13に示す。
N-(2,4,6-トリブロモフェニル)ジメタクリルアミドとN-イソプロピルアクリルアミドの共重合
合成例1で合成したN-(2,4,6-トリブロモフェニル)ジメタクリルアミド233mg(0.500mmol)とN-イソプロピルアクリルアミド(和光純薬工業(株)社製)56.6mg(0.500mmol)の共重合を、実施例4と同様の手順で行った。得られた固体をテトラヒドロフランに溶解し、この溶液をメタノール30mLに加えた。生成した沈殿物を吸引濾過し、真空乾燥することで目的の共重合体を白色固体として得た(190mg、理論重量の65%)。臭素含量:実測値48.7%;ガラス転移温度242℃;5%重量減少温度365℃;重量平均分子量10,800(Mw/Mn2.7)。目的物の1H-NMRを図14に、FT-IRチャートを図15に示す。
N-(2,4,6-トリブロモフェニル)ジメタクリルアミドと1-ビニル-2-ピロリドンの共重合
合成例1で合成したN-(2,4,6-トリブロモフェニル)ジメタクリルアミド233mg(0.500mmol)と1-ビニル-2-ピロリドン(和光純薬工業(株)社製)56.5mg(0.508mmol)の共重合を、実施例4と同様の手順で行った。得られた固体をテトラヒドロフランに溶解し、この溶液をメタノール30mLに加えた。生成した沈殿物を吸引濾過し、真空乾燥することで目的の共重合体を白色固体として得た(198mg、理論重量の67%)。臭素含量:実測値48.3%;ガラス転移温度257℃;5%重量減少温度387℃;重量平均分子量9,600(Mw/Mn2.0)。目的物の1H-NMRを図16に、FT-IRチャートを図17に示す。
N-(2,4,6-トリブロモフェニル)ジメタクリルアミドのラジカル重合
合成例1で合成したN-(2,4,6-トリブロモフェニル)ジメタクリルアミド234mg(0.503mmol)を反応容器内に加えた。そこに、アゾビスイソブチロニトリル(AIBN)(和光純薬工業(株)社製)8.00mgを加え、N-メチル-2-ピロリドン(NMP)0.5mLで溶解させた。そして、アルゴン置換したのち、60℃で24時間撹拌した。反応溶液をメタノール40mLに加えて、再沈殿を行った。反応容器をテトラヒドロフラン(THF)1mLで洗浄し、その洗液も再沈殿溶媒に加えた。生成した沈殿物を吸引濾過し、120℃加熱下で真空乾燥することで目的の重合体を白色固体として得た(51.8mg、理論重量の22%)。臭素含量:理論値51.4%;ガラス転移温度205℃;5%重量減少温度363℃;重量平均分子量1,700(Mw/Mn1.5)。目的物の1H-NMRを図18Aに、13C-NMRを図18Bに、FT-IRチャートを図19に示す。
N-(2,4,6-トリブロモフェニル)ジメタクリルアミドのラジカル重合
合成例1で合成したN-(2,4,6-トリブロモフェニル)ジメタクリルアミド467mg(1.00mmol)を反応容器内に加えた。そこに、ジ-t-ブチルペルオキシド(和光純薬工業(株)社製)7.00mgを加え、NMP1mLで溶解させた。そして、アルゴン置換したのち、100℃で24時間撹拌した。反応溶液をメタノール40mLに加えて、再沈殿を行った。反応容器をTHF1mLで洗浄し、その洗液も再沈殿溶媒に加えた。生成した沈殿物を吸引濾過し、120℃加熱下で真空乾燥することで目的の重合体を白色固体として得た(196mg、理論重量の42%)臭素含量:理論値51.4%;ガラス転移温度207℃;5%重量減少温度368℃;重量平均分子量1,400(Mw/Mn1.4)。目的物の1H-NMRを図20に、FT-IRチャートを図21に示す。
N-(2,4,6-トリブロモフェニル)ジアクリルアミドのラジカル重合
合成例3で合成したN-(2,4,6-トリブロモフェニル)ジアクリルアミド219mg(0.500mmol)を反応容器内に加えた。そこに、AIBN(和光純薬工業(株)社製)9.00mgとNMP1mLを加えた。そして、アルゴン置換したのち、60℃で24時間撹拌した。反応溶液をメタノール40mLに加えて、再沈殿を行った。生成した沈殿物を吸引濾過し、120℃加熱下で真空乾燥することで目的の重合体を淡黄色固体として得た(169mg、理論重量の77%)臭素含量:理論値54.7%;ガラス転移温度200℃;5%重量減少温度346℃;重量平均分子量5,200(Mw/Mn2.1)。目的物の1H-NMRを図22Aに、13C-NMRを図22Bに、FT-IRチャートを図23に示す。
N-(2,4,6-トリブロモフェニル)ジアクリルアミドとスチレンの共重合
合成例3で合成したN-(2,4,6-トリブロモフェニル)ジアクリルアミド217mg(0.495mmol)とスチレン(和光純薬工業(株)社製)50.8mg(0.506mmol)を反応容器内に加えた。そこに、AIBN(和光純薬工業(株)社製)8.00mgを加え、NMP0.75mLで溶解させた。そして、アルゴン置換し、60℃で24時間撹拌した。反応終了後、THF1mLで溶解させ、メタノール30mLに加えて、再沈殿を行った。反応容器はTHF1mLで洗浄し、その洗液も再沈殿溶媒に加えた。生成した沈殿物を吸引濾過し、120℃加熱下で真空乾燥することで目的の重合体を白色固体として得た(232mg、理論重量の86%)。臭素含量:実測値44.8%;ガラス転移温度195℃;5%重量減少温度337℃;重量平均分子量126,600(Mw/Mn17.5)。目的物の1H-NMRを図24に、FT-IRチャートを図25に示す。1H-NMRより、ジアクリロイルアミドモノマーとスチレンモノマーの比率は2:1であった。
N-(2,6-ジブロモ-4-メチルフェニル)ジメタクリルアミドのラジカル重合
合成例4で合成したN-(2,6-ジブロモ-4-メチルフェニル)ジメタクリルアミド201mg(0.500mmol)を反応容器内に加えた。そこに、ジ-t-ブチルペルオキシド(和光純薬工業(株)社製)4.00mgを加え、アルゴン置換したのち、140℃で24時間撹拌した。得られた透明固体をTHF1mLに溶解させ、メタノール40mLに加えて再沈殿を行った。反応容器をTHF1mLで洗浄し、その洗液も再沈殿溶媒に加えた。生成した沈殿物を吸引濾過し、120℃加熱下で真空乾燥することで目的の重合体を白色固体として得た(152mg、理論重量の76%)。臭素含量:理論値39.8%;ガラス転移温度253℃;5%重量減少温度395℃;重量平均分子量5,200(Mw/Mn2.4))。目的物の1H-NMRを図26に、FT-IRチャートを図27に示す。
N-(2,6-ジブロモ-4-トリフルオロメトキシフェニル)ジメタクリルアミドのラジカル重合
合成例5で合成したN-(2,6-ジブロモ-4-トリフルオロメトキシフェニル)ジメタクリルアミド235mg(0.500mmol)を反応容器内に加えた。そこに、ジt-ブチルペルオキシド(和光純薬工業(株)社製)4.00mgを加え、アルゴン置換したのち、140℃で24時間撹拌した。得られた透明固体をTHF1mLに溶解させ、メタノール40mLに加えて再沈殿を行った。反応容器をTHF1mLで洗浄し、その洗液も再沈殿溶媒に加えた。生成した沈殿物を吸引濾過し、120℃加熱下で真空乾燥することで目的の重合体を白色固体として得た(133mg、理論重量の57%)。臭素含量:理論値33.9%;ガラス転移温度215℃;5%重量減少温度375℃;重量平均分子量11,200(Mw/Mn2.1)。目的物の1H-NMRを図28に、FT-IRチャートを図29に示す。
N-(2,6-ジブロモ-4-ニトロフェニル)ジメタクリルアミドのラジカル重合
合成例6で合成したN-(2,6-ジブロモ-4-ニトロフェニル)ジメタクリルアミド216mg(0.500mmol)を反応容器内に加えた。そこに、ジ-t-ブチルペルオキシド(和光純薬工業(株)社製)4.00mgを加え、アルゴン置換したのち、140℃で24時間撹拌した。得られた透明固体をTHF1mLに溶解させ、メタノール40mLに加えて再沈殿を行った。反応容器をTHF1mLで洗浄し、その洗液も再沈殿溶媒に加えた。生成した沈殿物を吸引濾過し、120℃加熱下で真空乾燥することで目的の重合体を白色固体として得た(45.5mg、理論重量の21%)。臭素含量:理論値37.0%;ガラス転移温度(不検出);5%重量減少温度303℃;重量平均分子量8,100(Mw/Mn3.3))。目的物のFT-IRチャートを図30に示す。
Claims (12)
- 下記一般式(1):
(式中、
pは、0又は1であり、
mは、2~5の整数であり、
R1は、各々同一であっても異なっていてもよく、水素原子又は炭素数1~4のアルキル基であり、
R2は、水素原子、フッ素原子、塩素原子、ヨウ素原子、炭素数1~4のアルキル基、炭素数1~4のアルコキシ基、炭素数1~4のアルキルチオ基、炭素数1~4のハロアルキル基、炭素数1~4のハロアルコキシ基、ビニル基、ニトロ基、シアノ基、アルデヒド基、アミノ基、ヒドロキシル基、チオール基、スルホ基、スルホンアミド基、カルボキシル基もしくはエステル基であり、mが2又は3の場合、各R2は同一であっても異なっていてもよく、
星印は、重合体末端又は他の構造単位との結合点を示す)
で表される構造単位を有する重合体。 - 前記一般式(1)が下記一般式(2):
(式中、
mは、2~5の整数であり、
R1は、各々同一であっても異なっていてもよく、水素原子又は炭素数1~4のアルキル基であり、
R2は、水素原子、フッ素原子、塩素原子、ヨウ素原子、炭素数1~4のアルキル基、炭素数1~4のアルコキシ基、炭素数1~4のアルキルチオ基、炭素数1~4のハロアルキル基、炭素数1~4のハロアルコキシ基、ビニル基、ニトロ基、シアノ基、アルデヒド基、アミノ基、ヒドロキシル基、チオール基、スルホ基、スルホンアミド基、カルボキシル基もしくはエステル基であり、mが2又は3の場合、各R2は同一であっても異なっていてもよく、
星印は、重合体末端又は他の構造単位との結合点を示す)
で表される請求項1記載の重合体。 - 前記一般式(1)が下記一般式(3):
(式中、
mは、2~5の整数であり、
R1は、各々同一であっても異なっていてもよく、水素原子又は炭素数1~4のアルキル基であり、
R2は、水素原子、フッ素原子、塩素原子、ヨウ素原子、炭素数1~4のアルキル基、炭素数1~4のアルコキシ基、炭素数1~4のアルキルチオ基、炭素数1~4のハロアルキル基、炭素数1~4のハロアルコキシ基、ビニル基、ニトロ基、シアノ基、アルデヒド基、アミノ基、ヒドロキシル基、チオール基、スルホ基、スルホンアミド基、カルボキシル基もしくはエステル基であり、mが2又は3の場合、各R2は同一であっても異なっていてもよく、
星印は、重合体末端又は他の構造単位との結合点を示す)
で表される請求項1記載の重合体。 - R2が水素原子である、請求項1~3のいずれか1項記載の重合体。
- R1が水素原子又はメチル基である、請求項1~4のいずれか1項記載の重合体。
- 重合体全体における臭素含量が10重量%~75重量%である請求項1~5のいずれか1項記載の重合体。
- 一般式(1)で表される構造単位のみを有する請求項1~6のいずれか1項記載の重合体。
- 請求項1~7のいずれか1項記載の重合体を含む難燃剤。
- 請求項1~7のいずれか1項記載の重合体を含む難燃性光学用材料。
- 下記一般式(4):
(式中、
mは、2~5の整数であり、
R1は、各々同一であっても異なっていてもよく、水素原子又は炭素数1~4のアルキル基であり、
R2は、水素原子、フッ素原子、塩素原子、ヨウ素原子、炭素数1~4のアルキル基、炭素数1~4のアルコキシ基、炭素数1~4のアルキルチオ基、炭素数1~4のハロアルキル基、炭素数1~4のハロアルコキシ基、ビニル基、ニトロ基、シアノ基、アルデヒド基、アミノ基、ヒドロキシル基、チオール基、スルホ基、スルホンアミド基、カルボキシル基もしくはエステル基であり、mが2又は3の場合、R2は同一であっても異なっていてもよい)
で表される単量体を重合させる工程を含む下記一般式(1):
(式中、R1、R2、m、p及び星印は、前記と同義である)
で表される構造単位を有する重合体の製造方法。 - ラジカル重合開始剤存在下に重合させる工程を含む、請求項10記載の製造方法。
- 前記ラジカル開始剤が有機過酸化物又は有機アゾ化合物又はそれらの混合物である、請求項11記載の製造方法。
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