WO2016101669A1 - 换相控制方法及换相控制装置 - Google Patents

换相控制方法及换相控制装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016101669A1
WO2016101669A1 PCT/CN2015/091028 CN2015091028W WO2016101669A1 WO 2016101669 A1 WO2016101669 A1 WO 2016101669A1 CN 2015091028 W CN2015091028 W CN 2015091028W WO 2016101669 A1 WO2016101669 A1 WO 2016101669A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
direct current
transmission system
angle
trigger delay
maximum trigger
Prior art date
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PCT/CN2015/091028
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
卢东斌
王永平
王振曦
王俊生
潘卫明
Original Assignee
南京南瑞继保电气有限公司
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Application filed by 南京南瑞继保电气有限公司 filed Critical 南京南瑞继保电气有限公司
Priority to RU2017122231A priority Critical patent/RU2660189C1/ru
Priority to KR1020177018887A priority patent/KR101941392B1/ko
Priority to EP15871743.9A priority patent/EP3240134A4/en
Priority to US15/538,209 priority patent/US10014686B2/en
Priority to CA2971487A priority patent/CA2971487C/en
Priority to BR112017013239-7A priority patent/BR112017013239B1/pt
Publication of WO2016101669A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016101669A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J1/00—Circuit arrangements for dc mains or dc distribution networks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/24—Arrangements for preventing or reducing oscillations of power in networks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/36—Arrangements for transfer of electric power between ac networks via a high-tension dc link
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/02—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks using a single network for simultaneous distribution of power at different frequencies; using a single network for simultaneous distribution of ac power and of dc power
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/44—Circuits or arrangements for compensating for electromagnetic interference in converters or inverters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33507—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of the output voltage or current, e.g. flyback converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/12—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/12—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/145—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means
    • H02M7/155—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means using semiconductor devices only
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/42—Circuits or arrangements for compensating for or adjusting power factor in converters or inverters
    • H02M1/4208—Arrangements for improving power factor of AC input
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/60—Arrangements for transfer of electric power between AC networks or generators via a high voltage DC link [HVCD]

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to power technology, and more particularly to a commutation control method and a commutation control device.
  • the inverter On the inverter side of the HVDC transmission system, the inverter performs commutation processing according to the maximum trigger delay angle.
  • the commutation process means that the inverter flows through the inverter when it is turned on and off by the valve group during operation. The physical process of transferring current from one current path to another.
  • the DC voltage and the DC current are positively sloped by using the DC current command value to determine the commutation voltage drop and introducing the positive slope coefficient K.
  • the DC The current command value remains unchanged, and the actual DC current becomes larger due to the disturbance.
  • the maximum trigger delay angle determined in the related art is larger than the maximum trigger delay angle before the disturbance occurs, the DC voltage of the inverter side of the DC transmission system is made. The actual value is increased, so that the actual DC current on the inverter side of the direct current transmission system is reduced, thereby restoring the direct current transmission system to the steady state operating point;
  • the scheme of determining the maximum trigger delay angle provided by the related art may cause the inverter commutation failure or even cause the converter to be blocked.
  • the embodiment of the invention provides a commutation control method and a commutation control device, which can prevent transient commutation in a direct current transmission system, for example, when a large transient disturbance occurs, to prevent the commutation failure and ensure the stability of the direct current transmission system.
  • An embodiment of the present invention provides a commutation control method, where the method includes:
  • the inverter controlling the inverter side of the direct current transmission system performs a commutation operation based on the determined maximum trigger delay angle.
  • determining a maximum trigger delay angle used when the inverter on the inverter side of the DC transmission system performs a commutation operation includes:
  • the maximum trigger delay angle is determined by one of the following methods:
  • Determining the maximum trigger delay angle by determining a mode of the commutation voltage drop by the actual DC current on the inverter side of the DC power transmission system, and increasing the arc extinction angle by increasing the amount of the arc extinction angle reference value;
  • the commutation pressure drop and the arc extinction angle are both negatively correlated with the maximum trigger delay angle.
  • determining the commutation voltage drop by the actual DC current on the inverter side, and determining the maximum trigger delay angle based on the commutation voltage drop including:
  • the maximum trigger delay angle is determined according to the following formula:
  • ⁇ o is the reference value of the extinction angle
  • d x is the relative inductive voltage drop
  • I o is the direct current command value
  • I d is the actual direct current of the inverter side of the direct current transmission system
  • I dN is the direct current transmission
  • U di0N is the rated ideal no-load DC voltage
  • U di0 is the actual ideal no-load DC voltage
  • K is the positive slope coefficient
  • AMAX is the maximum trigger delay angle.
  • the manner of increasing the arc extinction angle by increasing the amount of the extinction angle reference value, determining the maximum trigger delay angle comprises:
  • the maximum trigger delay angle is determined according to the following formula:
  • ⁇ o is the reference value of the arc extinction angle
  • ⁇ is the reference value increase of the extinction angle
  • d x is the relative inductive voltage drop
  • I o is the DC current command value
  • I d is the actual value of the inverter side of the HVDC transmission system DC current
  • I dN is the rated DC current of the inverter side of the DC transmission system
  • U di0N is the rated ideal no-load DC voltage
  • U di0 is the actual ideal no-load DC voltage
  • K is the positive slope coefficient
  • AMAX is the maximum Trigger the delay angle.
  • the manner of increasing the arc extinction angle by increasing the amount of delay angle increase, determining the maximum trigger delay angle includes:
  • ⁇ o is the reference value of the extinction angle
  • d x is the relative inductive voltage drop
  • I o is the direct current command value
  • I d is the actual direct current of the inverter side of the direct current transmission system
  • I dN is the direct current transmission
  • U di0N is the rated ideal no-load DC voltage
  • U di0 is the actual ideal no-load DC voltage
  • K is the positive slope coefficient
  • AMAX is the maximum trigger delay angle
  • ⁇ is the trigger delay. The amount of increase in the angle.
  • the manner of determining the commutation voltage drop by the actual DC current on the inverter side of the DC transmission system, and the manner of increasing the arc extinction angle by increasing the amount of the arc extinction angle reference value, determining the maximum trigger delay Corners including:
  • the maximum trigger delay angle is determined according to the following formula:
  • ⁇ o is the reference value of the arc extinction angle
  • ⁇ is the reference value increase of the extinction angle
  • d x is the relative inductive voltage drop
  • I o is the DC current command value
  • I d is the actual value of the inverter side of the HVDC transmission system DC current
  • I dN is the rated DC current of the inverter side of the DC transmission system
  • U di0N is the rated ideal no-load DC voltage
  • U di0 is the actual ideal no-load DC voltage
  • K is the positive slope coefficient
  • AMAX is the maximum Trigger the delay angle.
  • the manner of determining the commutation voltage drop by the actual DC current on the inverter side of the DC transmission system, and the manner of increasing the arc extinction angle by triggering the delay angle increase amount, determining the maximum trigger delay angle include:
  • the maximum trigger delay angle is determined according to the following formula:
  • ⁇ o is the reference value of the extinction angle
  • d x is the relative inductive voltage drop
  • I o is the direct current command value
  • I d is the actual direct current of the inverter side of the direct current transmission system
  • I dN is the direct current transmission
  • U di0N is the rated ideal no-load DC voltage
  • U di0 is the actual ideal no-load DC voltage
  • K is the positive slope coefficient
  • AMAX is the maximum trigger delay angle
  • ⁇ is the trigger delay. The amount of increase in the angle.
  • the disturbance criterion condition comprises at least one of the following conditions:
  • the deviation between the absolute value of the actual direct current on the inverter side of the direct current transmission system and the absolute value of the direct current command value is greater than the first threshold
  • the absolute value of the change amount of the direct current per unit time of the inverter side of the direct current transmission system is greater than the second threshold
  • the deviation between the absolute value of the DC voltage command value on the inverter side of the DC power transmission system and the absolute value of the actual value of the DC voltage is greater than a third threshold
  • the absolute value of the change amount of the direct current voltage on the inverter side of the direct current transmission system is greater than the fourth threshold
  • the absolute value of the change in the unit current time of the second pole of the direct current power transmission system or the second alternating current system of the direct current transmission system is greater than the fifth threshold
  • the absolute value of the change in the unit voltage of the second AC pole of the direct current power transmission system or the second power supply system of the direct current power transmission system is greater than a sixth threshold
  • the direct current transmission pole of the direct current transmission system receives at least one of the following signals of the second pole: a blocking signal, a protection blocking signal, an emergency shutdown signal, a phase shifting signal, and a commutation failure prediction signal;
  • the first valve group of the DC transmission current pole of the DC transmission system receives at least one of the following signals of the second valve group: a blocking signal, a protection blocking signal, an emergency shutdown signal, a phase shifting signal, and a commutation failure prediction signal.
  • Embodiments of the present invention provide a commutation control apparatus, where the apparatus includes:
  • a detecting unit configured to detect whether a transient disturbance occurring in the direct current transmission system satisfies a disturbance criterion condition
  • a determining unit configured to determine a maximum trigger delay angle used when the inverter on the inverter side of the DC power transmission system performs a commutation operation when the disturbance criterion condition is met, wherein the determined maximum trigger delay The angle is less than the maximum trigger delay angle used before the transient disturbance occurs;
  • control unit configured to control the inverter on the inverter side of the direct current transmission system to perform a commutation operation based on the determined maximum trigger delay angle.
  • the determining unit is further configured to determine the maximum trigger delay angle by one of the following methods:
  • Determining the maximum trigger delay angle by determining a mode of the commutation voltage drop by the actual DC current on the inverter side of the DC power transmission system, and increasing the arc extinction angle by increasing the amount of the arc extinction angle reference value;
  • the commutation pressure drop and the arc extinction angle are both negatively correlated with the maximum trigger delay angle.
  • the determining unit is further configured to determine the maximum trigger delay angle according to the following formula:
  • ⁇ o is the reference value of the extinction angle
  • d x is the relative inductive voltage drop
  • I o is the direct current command value
  • I d is the actual direct current of the inverter side of the direct current transmission system
  • I dN is the direct current transmission
  • U di0N is the rated ideal no-load DC voltage
  • U di0 is the actual ideal no-load DC voltage
  • K is the positive slope coefficient
  • AMAX is the maximum trigger delay angle.
  • the determining unit is further configured to determine the maximum trigger delay angle according to the following formula:
  • ⁇ o is the reference value of the arc extinction angle
  • ⁇ is the reference value increase of the extinction angle
  • d x is the relative inductive voltage drop
  • I o is the DC current command value
  • I d is the actual value of the inverter side of the HVDC transmission system DC current
  • I dN is the rated DC current of the inverter side of the DC transmission system
  • U di0N is the rated ideal no-load DC voltage
  • U di0 is the actual ideal no-load DC voltage
  • K is the positive slope coefficient
  • AMAX is the maximum Trigger the delay angle.
  • the determining unit is further configured to determine the maximum trigger delay angle according to the following formula:
  • ⁇ o is the reference value of the extinction angle
  • d x is the relative inductive voltage drop
  • I o is the direct current command value
  • I d is the actual direct current of the inverter side of the direct current transmission system
  • I dN is the direct current transmission
  • U di0N is the rated ideal no-load DC voltage
  • U di0 is the actual ideal no-load DC voltage
  • K is the positive slope coefficient
  • AMAX is the maximum trigger delay angle
  • ⁇ is the trigger delay. The amount of increase in the angle.
  • the determining unit is further configured to determine the maximum trigger delay angle according to the following formula:
  • ⁇ o is the reference value of the arc extinction angle
  • ⁇ is the reference value increase of the extinction angle
  • d x is the relative inductive voltage drop
  • I o is the DC current command value
  • I d is the actual value of the inverter side of the HVDC transmission system DC current
  • I dN is the rated DC current of the inverter side of the DC transmission system
  • U di0N is the rated ideal no-load DC voltage
  • U di0 is the actual ideal no-load DC voltage
  • K is the positive slope coefficient
  • AMAX is the maximum Trigger the delay angle.
  • the determining unit is further configured to determine the maximum trigger delay angle according to the following formula:
  • ⁇ o is the reference value of the extinction angle
  • d x is the relative inductive voltage drop
  • I o is the direct current command value
  • I d is the actual direct current of the inverter side of the direct current transmission system
  • I dN is the direct current transmission
  • U di0N is the rated ideal no-load DC voltage
  • U di0 is the actual ideal no-load DC voltage
  • K is the positive slope coefficient
  • AMAX is the maximum trigger delay angle
  • ⁇ is the trigger delay. The amount of increase in the angle.
  • the detecting unit is further configured to detect, according to at least one of the following conditions, whether a transient disturbance occurring in the direct current power transmission system satisfies a disturbance criterion condition;
  • the deviation between the absolute value of the actual direct current on the inverter side of the direct current transmission system and the absolute value of the direct current command value is greater than the first threshold
  • the absolute value of the change amount of the direct current per unit time of the inverter side of the direct current transmission system is greater than the second threshold
  • the deviation between the absolute value of the DC voltage command value on the inverter side of the DC power transmission system and the absolute value of the actual value of the DC voltage is greater than a third threshold
  • the absolute value of the change amount of the direct current voltage on the inverter side of the direct current transmission system is greater than the fourth threshold
  • the absolute value of the change in the unit current time of the second pole of the direct current power transmission system or the second alternating current system of the direct current transmission system is greater than the fifth threshold
  • the absolute value of the change in the unit voltage of the second AC pole of the direct current power transmission system or the second power supply system of the direct current power transmission system is greater than a sixth threshold
  • the direct current transmission pole of the direct current transmission system receives at least one of the following signals of the second pole: a blocking signal, a protection blocking signal, an emergency shutdown signal, a phase shifting signal, and a commutation failure prediction signal;
  • the first valve group of the DC transmission current pole of the DC transmission system receives at least one of the following signals of the second valve group: a blocking signal, a protection blocking signal, an emergency shutdown signal, a phase shifting signal, and a commutation failure prediction signal.
  • the commutation operation is performed by using a small maximum trigger delay angle before the occurrence of a large transient disturbance. To avoid the occurrence of commutation failure and ensure the voltage stability of the DC transmission system.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing an implementation flow of a commutation control in an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2a is a schematic diagram 1 of a commutation control in a direct current transmission system according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • 2b is a second schematic diagram of performing commutation control in a direct current power transmission system according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • 2c is a schematic diagram 3 of performing commutation control in a direct current transmission system according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing an implementation of a maximum trigger delay angle control strategy on an inverter side of a direct current power transmission system according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view 1 of a commutation control device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a second schematic structural diagram of a commutation control device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • ⁇ o is the reference value of the arc extinction angle
  • d x is the relative inductive voltage drop
  • I o is the DC current command value
  • I d is the actual DC current on the inverter side of the HVDC transmission system
  • I dN is the inverter side of the HVDC transmission system
  • U di0N is the rated ideal no-load DC voltage on the inverter side of the DC transmission system
  • U di0 is the actual ideal no-load DC voltage on the inverter side of the DC transmission system
  • K is the positive slope coefficient
  • AMAX is the maximum trigger delay. angle
  • the commutation voltage drop is determined by using the DC current command value (commutation voltage drop and Corresponding) and introducing a positive slope coefficient K to ensure that the actual value of the DC voltage and the actual DC current have a positive slope relationship.
  • the DC current command value I o remains unchanged, the actual DC The current I d becomes larger due to the disturbance, and the maximum trigger delay angle AMAX determined according to the maximum trigger delay angle control strategy of the related art increases before the disturbance occurs, so that the DC voltage on the inverter side increases, and the actual DC current I d changes. Small, thereby restoring the DC transmission system to a steady-state operating point, that is, using a method of increasing the DC voltage to eliminate transient disturbances;
  • One-pole blocking occurs when the high-voltage direct current transmission is in bipolar operation; two valve groups connected in series on the inverter side of the UHV direct current transmission have a pulse group fault, and when there is no communication, one valve group exits the operation on the inverter side, and the bipolar operation Single-pole blocking occurs; a single AC grid fault occurs on the inverter side of the UHV DC transmission where the high and low pressure valve components are connected to the two AC grids;
  • the DC voltage on the inverter side drops significantly with respect to the DC voltage on the rectifier side, and the current regulator on the rectifier side cannot adjust the DC current following the DC current command value in time to deliver the inverter.
  • the DC current of the normal operating valve group on the side rises rapidly, and the actual DC current is much larger than the DC current command value.
  • the commutation voltage drop determined by the DC current command value is much smaller than the actual commutation voltage drop, which is the largest according to the related art.
  • the maximum trigger delay angle determined by the trigger delay angle control strategy is larger than that before the disturbance occurs.
  • the actual value of the arc extinction angle is much smaller than the arc extinction angle reference value, and the commutation margin is reduced, which easily leads to commutation of the inverter. Failure, when the commutation fails, the DC voltage of the converter will become very low, resulting in further increase of the actual DC current, and the actual value of the extinction angle is further reduced, which may easily cause continuous commutation failure or even cause the inverter to lock. ;
  • the embodiment of the present invention describes a commutation control method, which can be applied to the commutation control of the high-voltage direct current transmission system and the ultra-high voltage direct current transmission system.
  • the commutation control method described in this embodiment includes The following steps:
  • Step 101 Detect whether a transient disturbance occurring in the direct current transmission system satisfies a disturbance criterion condition.
  • the disturbance criterion condition may adopt at least one of the following conditions:
  • I o is the DC current command value
  • I d is the actual direct current
  • I diff direct current deviation value (corresponding to a first threshold value)
  • a value of 0.01 ⁇ 0.3I dN I dN DC current rating.
  • K delta_Id is the derivative of the DC current versus time (corresponding to the second threshold), and the value is 50-1000I d0 , and I d0 is the actual DC current of the converter before the disturbance.
  • U o is the DC voltage command value
  • U d is the actual value of the DC voltage
  • U diff is the DC voltage deviation fixed value (corresponding to the third threshold)
  • the value is 0.01-0.5
  • U dN is the rated DC voltage.
  • K delta_Ud DC voltage time derivative value (corresponding to the fourth threshold value), a value of 10 ⁇ 200U d0, U d0 is the actual value of the DC voltage before the disturbance.
  • I A , I B , I C are the second pole of the DC transmission system or the different AC grid side A phase, B phase, C phase current, and K delta_IP phase of the second reactor of the DC transmission system.
  • the current-to-time derivative is set (corresponding to the fifth threshold), which is 350-1200I m , I m is the peak value of the AC current before the disturbance, and the second pole of the DC transmission system is the pole other than the DC pole.
  • the valve group is a valve group other than the first valve group in the direct current transmission current of the direct current transmission system, and the first valve group refers to a target valve group for judging whether the disturbance criterion condition is satisfied, such as a direct current transmission of the direct current transmission system.
  • the pole includes the valve group 1 and the valve group 2 in series, if the valve group 1 is judged whether the disturbance criterion condition is satisfied, the valve group 1 is the first valve group, and the valve group 2 is the second valve group.
  • U A , U B , U C are the second pole of the HVDC transmission system or the different AC grid side A phase, B phase, C phase voltage, K delta_UP phase connected by the second valve group of the DC transmission system the time derivative of the voltage value (corresponding to the sixth threshold value), a value of 350 ⁇ 1200U m, U m is the peak value of the AC voltage before the disturbance; second outside pole HVDC extremely DC transmission system of the present electrode, a second
  • the valve group is a valve group other than the first valve group in the direct current transmission current of the direct current transmission system, and the first valve group refers to a target valve group for judging whether the disturbance criterion condition is satisfied, such as a direct current transmission of the direct current transmission system.
  • the pole includes the valve group 1 and the valve group 2 in series, if the valve group 1 is judged whether the disturbance criterion condition is satisfied, the valve group 1 is the first valve group, and the valve group 2 is the second valve group.
  • the direct current transmission of the direct current transmission system receives at least one of the following signals of the second pole: a blocking signal, a protection blocking signal, an emergency outage signal, a phase shifting signal, and a commutation failure prediction signal.
  • the direct current transmission of the direct current transmission system receives at least one of the following signals of the second valve group: a blocking signal, a protection blocking signal, an emergency shutdown signal, a phase shifting signal, and a commutation failure prediction signal. .
  • Step 102 Satisfy the disturbance criterion condition, and determine a maximum trigger delay angle on which the inverter on the inverter side of the direct current transmission system performs the commutation processing.
  • the determined maximum trigger delay angle is smaller than the maximum trigger delay angle used before the transient disturbance occurs; it is different from the way in which the DC transmission system determines the maximum trigger delay angle during steady state operation or when a small transient disturbance occurs (
  • the maximum trigger delay angle control mechanism of the HVDC transmission system during steady state operation or small transient disturbances is essentially to eliminate the disturbance by increasing the DC voltage. When a large transient disturbance occurs, it does not occur.
  • the commutation failure is the control target, and the process of eliminating the disturbance can be completed on the rectification side of the direct current transmission system, so that the direct current transmission system is restored to the steady state operating point; it should be noted that the inverter described in the embodiment of the invention is a valve.
  • the group (the valve group is composed of an irreversible thyristor); therefore, the inverter of the inverter side of the subsequent control of the direct current transmission system is subjected to the commutation processing according to the maximum trigger delay angle, and can be controlled by the valve group on the inverter side of the direct current transmission system. to realise.
  • the ways to determine the maximum trigger delay angle include the following:
  • mode 1 When mode 1) is adopted, the actual DC current on the inverter side of the DC transmission system is used to determine the commutation voltage drop.
  • the maximum trigger delay angle is determined based on the commutation voltage drop, as an example, the following formula can be used:
  • ⁇ o is the reference value of the extinction angle
  • d x is the relative inductive voltage drop
  • I o is the DC current command value
  • I d is the actual DC current
  • I dN is the rated DC current
  • U di0N is the rated ideal no-load DC voltage
  • U di0 is the actual ideal no-load DC voltage
  • K is the positive slope coefficient
  • AMAX is the maximum trigger delay angle.
  • the way of increasing the arc extinction angle by increasing the amount of the arc extinction angle reference value determines the maximum trigger delay angle.
  • the following formula can be used:
  • ⁇ o is the reference value of the extinction angle
  • d x is the relative inductive voltage drop
  • I o is the DC current command value
  • I d is the actual DC current
  • I dN is the rated DC current
  • U di0N is the rated ideal no-load DC voltage
  • U di0 is the actual ideal no-load DC voltage
  • K is the positive slope coefficient
  • AMAX is the maximum trigger delay angle
  • ⁇ is the reference value of the extinction angle reference value, which can be a constant value or a dynamic value.
  • ⁇ when ⁇ is a constant value, the constant value is taken, and ⁇ can take a constant value within 0-35°; for example, when ⁇ is a dynamic value, ⁇ can take a value with the disturbance size, and the larger the disturbance, the larger the value. On the contrary, the smaller the value is; when the transient disturbance is eliminated, the value of ⁇ can be reduced to 0 by the low-pass filter through the lower step function to ensure the stability of the DC transmission system.
  • the mode of increasing the arc extinction angle is increased by triggering the delay angle increase amount (the trigger delay angle increase amount is used to reduce the maximum trigger delay angle), and the maximum trigger delay angle is determined.
  • the following formula can be adopted. :
  • ⁇ o is the reference value of the extinction angle
  • d x is the relative inductive voltage drop
  • I o is the DC current command value
  • I d is the actual DC current
  • I dN is the rated DC current
  • U di0N is the rated ideal no-load DC voltage
  • U di0 is the actual ideal no-load DC voltage
  • K is the positive slope coefficient
  • AMAX is the maximum trigger delay angle
  • ⁇ is the trigger delay angle increase (corresponding to the increase of the maximum trigger delay angle), which can be a constant value or a dynamic value.
  • ⁇ when ⁇ is a constant value, a constant value is taken according to the magnitude of the instantaneous disturbance of the direct current transmission system, and ⁇ can take a constant value within 0 to 30°; for example, when ⁇ is a dynamic value, ⁇ can take a value with the disturbance magnitude, and the disturbance The larger the value is, the larger the value is. Conversely, the smaller the value is.
  • the value of ⁇ can be reduced to 0 by the low-pass filter through the lower step function to ensure the stability of the DC transmission system.
  • the actual DC current on the inverter side of the DC transmission system is used to determine the commutation voltage drop, and the arc-extinguishing angle is increased by the reference value of the extinction angle, and the maximum trigger delay angle is determined, as an example. , you can use the following formula:
  • ⁇ o is the reference value of the extinction angle
  • d x is the relative inductive voltage drop
  • I o is the DC current command value
  • I d is the actual DC current
  • I dN is the rated DC current
  • U di0N is the rated ideal no-load DC voltage
  • U di0 is the actual ideal no-load DC voltage
  • K is the positive slope coefficient
  • AMAX is the maximum trigger delay angle
  • ⁇ is the reference value of the extinction angle reference value, which can be a constant value or a dynamic value.
  • ⁇ when ⁇ is a constant value, the constant value is taken, and ⁇ can take a constant value within 0-35°; for example, when ⁇ is a dynamic value, ⁇ can take a value with the disturbance size, and the larger the disturbance, the larger the value. On the contrary, the smaller the value is; when the transient disturbance is eliminated, the value of ⁇ can be reduced to 0 by the low-pass filter through the lower step function to ensure the stability of the DC transmission system.
  • the mode of the commutation voltage drop is determined by the actual DC current on the inverter side of the HVDC transmission system, and the arc extinction angle is increased by the delay amount of the trigger delay angle to determine the maximum trigger delay angle, as an example. , you can use the following formula:
  • ⁇ o is the reference value of the extinction angle
  • d x is the relative inductive voltage drop
  • I o is the DC current command value
  • I d is the actual DC current
  • I dN is the rated DC current
  • U di0N is the rated ideal no-load DC voltage
  • U di0 is the actual ideal no-load DC voltage
  • K is the positive slope coefficient
  • AMAX is the maximum trigger delay angle
  • ⁇ is the trigger delay angle increase, which can be a constant value or a dynamic value.
  • ⁇ when ⁇ is a constant value, according to DC
  • the instantaneous disturbance of the transmission system takes a constant value, and ⁇ can take a constant value within 0-30°; for example, when ⁇ is a dynamic value, ⁇ can take a value with the disturbance size, and the larger the disturbance, the larger the value, and vice versa.
  • step 103 the inverter controlling the inverter side of the direct current power transmission system performs a commutation operation based on the determined maximum trigger delay angle.
  • the current controller eliminates the disturbance, causing the HVDC system to return to the steady state operating point.
  • the DC current command value may be determined according to the formula (1) provided by the related art.
  • the commutation voltage drop and the introduction of the positive slope coefficient K ensure that the DC voltage and DC current of the converter are in a positive slope relationship; when a small transient disturbance occurs on the inverter side, the DC current command value I o remains unchanged, and the DC current I d becomes larger due to the disturbance, and the maximum trigger delay angle AMAX determined according to the maximum trigger delay angle control mechanism determined by the related art increases before the disturbance occurs, so that the inverter side DC voltage U d increases, and the actual DC current I d Smaller, thereby restoring the DC transmission system to a steady state operating point;
  • the maximum trigger delay angle is determined according to the description of step 102, that is, when a large transient disturbance occurs on the inverter side of the direct current transmission system to increase the actual direct current, on the inverter side.
  • the method of increasing the DC voltage is not used to eliminate the disturbance, but the maximum trigger delay angle is reduced before the occurrence of the large transient disturbance, so that the commutation failure does not occur as the control target, and accordingly,
  • the current controller on the rectification side eliminates the disturbance, so that not only the transient disturbance can be eliminated, but also the commutation failure of the related technology in the elimination of the disturbance is avoided, and the DC transmission system can be ensured when a large transient disturbance occurs. Restore to steady state operating point.
  • the disturbance criterion condition can adopt at least one of the following conditions:
  • the DC voltage U d on the inverter side has an absolute value greater than K delta_Ud for the amount of change per unit time;
  • the pole I10 receives at least one of the following signals: the blocking signal of the pole II20, the protection blocking signal, the emergency shutdown signal and the phase shifting signal;
  • the maximum trigger delay angle control processing strategy is run; similarly, when the pole I10 is locked, the processing of the pole II20 is similar to the above.
  • the pole I10 low pressure valve group 50 is Satisfying the disturbance criterion condition (that is, judging whether a large transient disturbance occurs) to trigger the running maximum trigger delay angle control strategy, thereby re-determining the maximum trigger delay angle, and the disturbance criterion condition may adopt at least one of the following conditions:
  • the inverter side detects the deviation between the absolute value of the direct current I d flowing through the low voltage valve group 50 of the pole I10 and the absolute value of the direct current command value I o is greater than I diff ;
  • the direct current I d flowing through the low pressure valve group 50 has an absolute value greater than K delta_Id per unit time
  • the low pressure valve block 50 receives at least one of the following signals of the high pressure valve group 40: a blocking signal, a protection blocking signal, an emergency shutdown signal, and a phase shifting signal;
  • the inverter side low pressure valve group 50 controls the lost pulse or exits the low pressure valve group 50 when there is no communication between the stations, it can be determined for the pole I10 high pressure valve group 40 whether the disturbance criterion condition is satisfied (that is, whether a large temporary occurrence is determined) State disturbances, to trigger the maximum trigger delay angle control strategy to re-determine the maximum trigger delay angle; the same applies to the high pressure valve block 70 and the low pressure valve block 60 of the pole II20.
  • the disturbance criterion conditions can be at least one of the following conditions:
  • the low pressure valve group 50 measures the AC network side current I A , I B , I C connected to the high pressure valve group 40, and the absolute value of the change amount per unit time is greater than K delta_IP ;
  • the low pressure valve group 50 measures the AC network side voltage U A , U B , U C connected to the high pressure valve group 40.
  • the absolute value of the change amount per unit time is greater than K delta_UP ;
  • the low pressure valve block 50 receives at least one of the following signals of the high pressure valve group 40: a blocking signal, a protection blocking signal, an emergency shutdown signal, a phase shifting signal, and a commutation failure prediction signal;
  • the maximum trigger delay angle control strategy is run; similarly, when the AC grid II80 connected to the inverter side low pressure valve group 50 is faulty, it is determined whether the disturbance criterion condition is satisfied for the pole I10 high pressure valve group 40; The above treatment is equally applicable to the high pressure valve block 70 and the low pressure valve block 60 of the pole II20.
  • the deviation between the absolute value of the DC current I d of the converter caused by other faults on the inverter side and the absolute value of the DC current command value I o is greater than I diff , and it is also determined that a large transient disturbance occurs in the DC transmission system. .
  • the implementation diagram of the maximum trigger delay angle control strategy shown in FIG. 3 is characterized by the above-mentioned current, voltage deviation and derivative algorithm, and the state signals of the second pole, the second valve group, the lockout, the emergency stop, and the commutation failure prediction.
  • Transient disturbance criterion logic input large transient disturbance criterion logic is judged based on at least one of all inputs; if it is determined to be steady state operation and small transient disturbance, then large transient disturbance criterion The logic output is 0, and the trigger selection logic selects the DC current command value to calculate the commutation voltage drop, that is, the maximum trigger delay angle algorithm is determined according to formula (1); if it is determined to be a large transient disturbance, the large transient disturbance criterion The logic output is 1, and the trigger selection logic selects any one of the formulas (2) to (6) to determine the maximum trigger delay angle.
  • the embodiment of the present invention further describes a commutation control device for performing the above-described commutation control processing.
  • the commutation control apparatus includes:
  • the detecting unit 41 is configured to detect whether the transient disturbance occurring in the direct current transmission system satisfies the disturbance criterion condition
  • the determining unit 42 is configured to determine, when the disturbance criterion condition is met, a maximum trigger delay angle used when the inverter on the inverter side of the direct current transmission system performs a commutation operation, wherein the determined maximum trigger delay angle is smaller than the occurrence of the transient state The maximum trigger delay angle used before the disturbance;
  • the control unit 43 is configured to control the inverter on the inverter side of the direct current transmission system to perform a commutation operation based on the determined maximum trigger delay angle.
  • the determining unit 42 can determine the maximum trigger delay angle by one of the following methods:
  • the commutation pressure drop and the extinction angle are both negatively correlated with the maximum trigger delay angle.
  • the determining unit 42 is further configured to determine the maximum trigger delay angle according to the above formula (2):
  • ⁇ o is the reference value of the arc extinction angle
  • d x is the relative inductive voltage drop
  • I o is the DC current command value
  • I d is the actual DC current on the inverter side of the HVDC transmission system
  • I dN is the inverter side of the HVDC transmission system
  • U di0N is the rated ideal no-load DC voltage
  • U di0 is the actual ideal no-load DC voltage
  • K is the positive slope coefficient
  • AMAX is the maximum trigger delay angle.
  • the determining unit 42 is further configured to determine the maximum trigger delay angle according to the above formula (3):
  • the determining unit 42 is configured to determine the maximum trigger delay angle according to the following formula:
  • ⁇ o is the reference value of the extinction angle
  • ⁇ is the reference value of the extinction angle
  • d x is the relative inductive voltage drop
  • I o is the DC current command value
  • I d is the actual DC current on the inverter side of the HVDC system.
  • I dN is the rated DC current of the inverter side of the DC transmission system
  • U di0N is the rated ideal no-load DC voltage
  • U di0 is the actual ideal no-load DC voltage
  • K is the positive slope coefficient
  • AMAX is the maximum trigger delay angle.
  • the determining unit 42 is further configured to determine the maximum trigger delay angle according to the above formula (4):
  • ⁇ o is the reference value of the arc extinction angle
  • d x is the relative inductive voltage drop
  • I o is the DC current command value
  • I d is the actual DC current on the inverter side of the HVDC transmission system
  • I dN is the inverter side of the HVDC transmission system
  • U di0N is the rated ideal no-load DC voltage
  • U di0 is the actual ideal no-load DC voltage
  • K is the positive slope coefficient
  • AMAX is the maximum trigger delay angle
  • ⁇ is the trigger delay angle increase.
  • the determining unit 42 is further configured to determine the maximum trigger delay angle according to the above formula (5):
  • ⁇ o is the reference value of the extinction angle
  • ⁇ is the reference value of the extinction angle
  • d x is the relative inductive voltage drop
  • I o is the DC current command value
  • I d is the actual DC current on the inverter side of the HVDC system.
  • I dN is the rated DC current of the inverter side of the DC transmission system
  • U di0N is the rated ideal no-load DC voltage
  • U di0 is the actual ideal no-load DC voltage
  • K is the positive slope coefficient
  • AMAX is the maximum trigger delay angle.
  • the determining unit 42 is further configured to determine the maximum trigger delay angle according to the above formula (6):
  • ⁇ o is the reference value of the extinction angle
  • d x is the relative inductive voltage drop
  • I o is the DC current command value
  • I d is the actual DC current on the inverter side of the HVDC transmission system
  • I dN is the inverse of the DC transmission system
  • U di0N is the rated ideal no-load DC voltage
  • U di0 is the actual ideal no-load DC voltage
  • K is the positive slope coefficient
  • AMAX is the maximum trigger delay angle
  • ⁇ is the trigger delay angle increase.
  • the detecting unit 41 is further configured to detect, according to at least one of the following conditions, whether a transient disturbance occurring in the direct current power transmission system satisfies a disturbance criterion condition;
  • the deviation between the absolute value of the actual direct current on the inverter side of the direct current transmission system and the absolute value of the direct current command value is greater than the first threshold
  • the absolute value of the change amount of the direct current per unit time of the inverter side of the direct current transmission system is greater than the second threshold
  • the deviation between the absolute value of the DC voltage command value on the inverter side of the direct current transmission system and the absolute value of the actual value of the direct current voltage is greater than a third threshold
  • the absolute value of the change amount of the direct current voltage on the inverter side of the direct current transmission system per unit time is greater than the fourth threshold
  • the absolute value of the change in the unit current of the different alternating current grids connected to the second pole of the direct current transmission system or the direct current transmission system is greater than the fifth threshold
  • the absolute value of the change in the voltage per unit time of the different AC power grid side connected to the second pole of the direct current transmission system or the direct current transmission system of the direct current transmission system is greater than the sixth threshold
  • the direct current transmission of the direct current transmission system receives at least one of the following signals of the second pole: a blocking signal, a protection blocking signal, an emergency shutdown signal, a phase shifting signal, a commutation failure prediction signal;
  • the first valve group of the direct current transmission system of the direct current transmission system receives at least one of the following signals of the second valve group: a blocking signal, a protection blocking signal, an emergency shutdown signal, a phase shifting signal, and a commutation failure prediction signal.
  • the detecting unit 41 and the determining unit 42 may be implemented by a microprocessor (MCU) or a logic programmable gate array (FPGA) in the commutation control device;
  • the control unit 43 can be implemented by a limiter and a proportional integration (PI, Proportional Integral) regulator;
  • the input of the maximum trigger delay angle determining unit 54 is a direct current I d , a direct current command value I o , an arc extinction angle reference value ⁇ o , a relative inductive voltage drop d x , and a no-load DC voltage U di0 , and a maximum trigger delay angle control unit.
  • 59 determining and outputting a maximum trigger delay angle AMAX according to the inverter side maximum trigger delay angle control strategy of FIG. 3;
  • the input of the voltage regulating unit 55 is the difference between the DC voltage command value U o and the DC voltage U d , and the difference is output to the limiter 51 via the PI regulator 50 provided in the voltage adjusting unit 55, and the lower limit of the limiter 51
  • the value is 110°
  • the upper limit is the AMAX output by the maximum trigger delay angle determining unit 54;
  • the input of the current adjustment unit 56 is the difference between the DC current command value I o and the DC current I d .
  • the current adjustment unit 56 sets the current difference (the DC current command value I o and the DC current I d ).
  • the difference is subtracted from the current difference ⁇ I, and the obtained result is output to the PI regulator 52, and the output of the PI regulator 52 is output to the limiter 53.
  • the lower limit of the limiter 53 is 110°, and the upper limit is The output of the limiter 51;
  • the limiter 53 controls the valve group 58 of the DC power transmission device by using the maximum trigger delay angle of the output. After the current difference is applied to the inverter side, the output value of the current regulator is generally greater than the upper limit value of the limiter 53 and the current is adjusted.
  • the output value of the device is the upper limit value of the limiter 53; the output value of the voltage adjusting unit 55 is generally greater than the maximum trigger delay angle AMAX, and the output of the limiter 55 is its upper limit value AMAX. Therefore, the device 57 on the inverter side generally operates at the maximum trigger delay angle control.
  • the commutation of the inverter on the inverter side is determined according to the direct current command value.
  • Pressure drop the maximum trigger delay angle is determined based on the commutation voltage drop;
  • the DC current and the DC voltage are different from the corresponding command value, Or the DC current and DC voltage have a large amount of change per unit time, or the second pole or UHV DC transmission current second valve group is faulty, locked, etc., because the actual DC current of the converter is much larger than this time.
  • the DC current command value therefore, the maximum trigger delay angle of the converter when the large transient disturbance is reduced by at least one of the following methods: 1) determining the commutation voltage drop through the actual DC current on the inverter side of the DC transmission system, based on the change The phase drop determines the maximum trigger delay angle; 2) increases the arc-extinguishing angle by increasing the arc-extinguishing angle reference value to determine the maximum trigger delay angle; 3) increases the arc-extinguishing angle by triggering the delay angle increase Method, determining the maximum trigger delay angle; 4) determining the commutation voltage drop by the actual DC current on the inverter side of the DC transmission system, and increasing the arc extinction angle by increasing the amount of the arc extinction angle reference value to determine the maximum trigger Delay angle; 5) determining the commutation voltage drop by the actual DC current on the inverter side of the DC transmission system, and increasing the arc extinction angle by triggering the increase of the delay angle to determine the maximum trigger delay angle; that is, in
  • the foregoing program may be stored in a computer readable storage medium, and the program is executed when executed.
  • the foregoing storage medium includes: a mobile storage device, a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), a magnetic disk, or an optical disk.
  • RAM random access memory
  • ROM read-only memory
  • magnetic disk or an optical disk.
  • optical disk A medium that can store program code.
  • the above-described integrated unit of the present invention may be stored in a computer readable storage medium if it is implemented in the form of a software function module and sold or used as a standalone product.
  • the technical solution of the embodiments of the present invention may be embodied in the form of a software product in essence or in the form of a software product, which is stored in a storage medium and includes a plurality of instructions for making
  • a computer device which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.
  • the foregoing storage medium includes various media that can store program codes, such as a mobile storage device, a RAM, a ROM, a magnetic disk, or an optical disk.

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Abstract

一种换相控制方法及换相控制装置，该方法包括：检测直流输电系统发生的暂态扰动是否满足扰动判据条件（101）；当满足扰动判据条件时，确定直流输电系统逆变侧的换流器进行换相操作时所使用的最大触发延迟角，其中，所确定的最大触发延迟角小于发生暂态扰动前所使用的最大触发延迟角（102）；控制直流输电系统逆变侧的换流器基于所确定的最大触发延迟角进行换相操作（103）。通过本方法和装置，能够根据直流输电系统发生的暂态扰动的扰动程度确定对应的最大触发延迟角，保证换相裕度，避免发生较大的暂态扰动时换相失败的情况。

Description

换相控制方法及换相控制装置 技术领域
本发明涉及电力技术，尤其涉及一种换相控制方法及换相控制装置。
背景技术
在直流输电系统逆变侧，换流器根据最大触发延迟角来进行换相处理，换相处理是指换流器在运行时，借助于阀组的开通和关断，使流经换流器的电流从一个电流路径转移到另一个电流路径的物理过程。
相关技术中，通过采用直流电流指令值确定换相压降和引入正斜率系数K来保证换流器的直流电压和直流电流为正斜率关系，在直流输电系统发生小的暂态扰动时，直流电流指令值保持不变，实际直流电流因扰动而变大，此时，如果采用相关技术中确定的最大触发延迟角较发生扰动之前的最大触发延迟角大，使得直流输电系统逆变侧直流电压实际值增大，从而使直流输电系统逆变侧的实际直流电流变小，进而使直流输电系统恢复到稳态工作点；
但是，在直流输电系统发生大的暂态扰动时，相关技术提供的确定最大触发延迟角的方案会导致换流器换相失败甚至导致换流器闭锁。
发明内容
本发明实施例提供一种换相控制方法及换相控制装置，在直流输电系统发生暂态扰动，例如发生大的暂态扰动时，能够防止换相失败，确保直流输电系统稳定。
本发明实施例的技术方案是这样实现的：
本发明实施例提供一种换相控制方法，所述方法包括：
检测直流输电系统发生的暂态扰动是否满足扰动判据条件；
当满足所述扰动判据条件时，确定所述直流输电系统逆变侧的换流器进行换相操作时所使用的最大触发延迟角，其中，所述确定的最大触发延迟角小于发生暂态扰动前所使用的最大触发延迟角；
控制直流输电系统逆变侧的换流器基于所确定的最大触发延迟角进行换相操作。
优选地，确定所述直流输电系统逆变侧的换流器进行换相操作时所使用的最大触发延迟角，包括：
通过以下方式之一确定所述最大触发延迟角：
通过所述直流输电系统逆变侧的实际直流电流确定换相压降，基于所述换相压降确定所述最大触发延迟角；
通过熄弧角参考值增加量来增大熄弧角的方式，确定所述最大触发延迟角；
通过触发延迟角增加量来增大所述熄弧角的方式，确定最大触发延迟角；
通过所述直流输电系统逆变侧的实际直流电流确定换相压降的方式、以及通过熄弧角参考值增加量来增大熄弧角的方式，确定所述最大触发延迟角；
通过所述直流输电系统逆变侧的实际直流电流确定换相压降的方式，以及通过触发延迟角增加量来增大所述熄弧角的方式，确定最大触发延迟角；
其中，所述换相压降、所述熄弧角均与所述最大触发延迟角负相关。
优选地，所述通过所述逆变侧的实际直流电流确定换相压降，基于所述换相压降确定所述最大触发延迟角，包括：
根据以下公式确定所述最大触发延迟角：
Figure PCTCN2015091028-appb-000001
其中，γo为熄弧角参考值，dx为相对感性压降，Io为直流电流指令值，Id为所述直流输电系统逆变侧的实际直流电流，IdN为所述直流输电系统逆变侧的额定直流电流，Udi0N为额定理想空载直流电压，Udi0为实际理想空载直流电压，K为正斜率系数，AMAX为所述最大触发延迟角。
优选地，所述通过熄弧角参考值增加量来增大熄弧角的方式，确定所述最大触发延迟角，包括：
根据以下公式确定所述最大触发延迟角：
Figure PCTCN2015091028-appb-000002
其中，γo为熄弧角参考值，Δγ为熄弧角参考值增加量，dx为相对感性压降，Io为直流电流指令值，Id为所述直流输电系统逆变侧的实际直流电流，IdN为所述直流输电系统逆变侧的额定直流电流，Udi0N为额定理想空载直流电压，Udi0为实际理想空载直流电压，K为正斜率系数，AMAX为所述最大触发延迟角。
优选地，所述通过触发延迟角增加量来增大所述熄弧角的方式，确定最大触发延迟角，包括：
Figure PCTCN2015091028-appb-000003
其中，γo为熄弧角参考值，dx为相对感性压降，Io为直流电流指令值，Id为所述直流输电系统逆变侧的实际直流电流，IdN为所述直流输电系统逆变侧的额定直流电流，Udi0N为额定理想空载直流电压，Udi0为实际理想空载直流电压，K为正斜率系数，AMAX为所述最大触发延迟角，Δα为所述触发延迟角增加量。
优选地，所述通过所述直流输电系统逆变侧的实际直流电流确定换相压降的方式、以及通过熄弧角参考值增加量来增大熄弧角的方式，确定所述最大触发延迟角，包括：
根据以下公式确定所述最大触发延迟角：
Figure PCTCN2015091028-appb-000004
其中，γo为熄弧角参考值，Δγ为熄弧角参考值增加量，dx为相对感性压降，Io为直流电流指令值，Id为所述直流输电系统逆变侧的实际直流电流，IdN为所述直流输电系统逆变侧的额定直流电流，Udi0N为额定理想空载直流电压，Udi0为实际理想空载直流电压，K为正斜率系数，AMAX为所述最大触发延迟角。
优选地，所述通过所述直流输电系统逆变侧的实际直流电流确定换相压降的方式、以及通过触发延迟角增加量来增大所述熄弧角的方式，确定最大触发延迟角，包括：
根据以下公式确定所述最大触发延迟角：
Figure PCTCN2015091028-appb-000005
其中，γo为熄弧角参考值，dx为相对感性压降，Io为直流电流指令值，Id为所述直流输电系统逆变侧的实际直流电流，IdN为所述直流输电系统逆变侧的额定直流电流，Udi0N为额定理想空载直流电压，Udi0为实际理想空载直流电压，K为正斜率系数，AMAX为所述最大触发延迟角，Δα为所述触发延迟角增加量。
优选地，所述扰动判据条件包括以下条件至少之一：
所述直流输电系统逆变侧的实际直流电流的绝对值与直流电流指令值的绝对值的偏差大于第一阈值；
所述直流输电系统逆变侧的直流电流单位时间内变化量的绝对值大于第二阈值；
所述直流输电系统逆变侧的直流电压指令值的绝对值与直流电压实际值的绝对值的偏差大于第三阈值；
所述直流输电系统逆变侧的直流电压单位时间内变化量的绝对值大于第四阈值；
所述直流输电系统第二极或所述直流输电系统本极第二阀组所连接的不同交流电网网侧电流在单位时间内变化量的绝对值大于第五阈值；
所述直流输电系统第二极或所述直流输电系统本极第二阀组所连接的不同交流电网网侧电压单位时间内变化量的绝对值大于第六阈值；
所述直流输电系统的直流输电本极接收到第二极的以下信号至少之一：闭锁信号、保护闭锁信号、紧急停运信号、移相信号和换相失败预测信号；
所述直流输电系统的直流输电本极的第一阀组接收到第二阀组的以下信号至少之一：闭锁信号、保护闭锁信号、紧急停运信号、移相信号和换相失败预测信号。
本发明实施例提供一种换相控制装置，所述装置包括：
检测单元，用于检测直流输电系统发生的暂态扰动是否满足扰动判据条件；
确定单元，用于当满足所述扰动判据条件时，确定所述直流输电系统逆变侧的换流器进行换相操作时所使用的最大触发延迟角，其中，所述确定的最大触发延迟角小于发生暂态扰动前所使用的最大触发延迟角；
控制单元，用于控制直流输电系统逆变侧的换流器基于所确定的最大触发延迟角进行换相操作。
优选地，所述确定单元，还用于通过以下方式之一确定所述最大触发延迟角：
通过所述直流输电系统逆变侧的实际直流电流确定换相压降，基于所述换相压降确定所述最大触发延迟角；
通过熄弧角参考值增加量来增大熄弧角的方式，确定所述最大触发延迟角；
通过触发延迟角增加量来增大所述熄弧角的方式，确定最大触发延迟角；
通过所述直流输电系统逆变侧的实际直流电流确定换相压降的方式、以及通过熄弧角参考值增加量来增大熄弧角的方式，确定所述最大触发延迟角；
通过所述直流输电系统逆变侧的实际直流电流确定换相压降的方式，以及通过触发延迟角增加量来增大所述熄弧角的方式，确定所述最大触发延迟角；
其中，所述换相压降、所述熄弧角均与所述最大触发延迟角负相关。
优选地，所述确定单元，还用于根据以下公式确定所述最大触发延迟角：
Figure PCTCN2015091028-appb-000006
其中，γo为熄弧角参考值，dx为相对感性压降，Io为直流电流指令值，Id为所述直流输电系统逆变侧的实际直流电流，IdN为所述直流输电系统逆变侧的额定直流电流，Udi0N为额定理想空载直流电压，Udi0为实际理想空载直流电压，K为正斜率系数，AMAX为所述最大触发延迟角。
优选地，所述确定单元还用于根据以下公式确定所述最大触发延迟角：
Figure PCTCN2015091028-appb-000007
其中，γo为熄弧角参考值，Δγ为熄弧角参考值增加量，dx为相对感性压降，Io为直流电流指令值，Id为所述直流输电系统逆变侧的实际直流电流，IdN为所述直流输电系统逆变侧的额定直流电流，Udi0N为额定理想空载直流电压，Udi0为实际理想空载直流电压，K为正斜率系数，AMAX为所述最大触发延迟角。
优选地，所述确定单元还用于根据以下公式确定所述最大触发延迟角：
Figure PCTCN2015091028-appb-000008
其中，γo为熄弧角参考值，dx为相对感性压降，Io为直流电流指令值，Id为所述直流输电系统逆变侧的实际直流电流，IdN为所述直流输电系统逆变侧的额定直流电流，Udi0N为额定理想空载直流电压，Udi0为实际理想空载直流电压，K为正斜率系数，AMAX为所述最大触发延迟角，Δα为所述触发延迟角增加量。
优选地，所述确定单元还用于根据以下公式确定所述最大触发延迟角：
Figure PCTCN2015091028-appb-000009
其中，γo为熄弧角参考值，Δγ为熄弧角参考值增加量，dx为相对感性压降，Io为直流电流指令值，Id为所述直流输电系统逆变侧的实际直流电流，IdN为所述直流输电系统逆变侧的额定直流电流，Udi0N为额定理想空载直流电压，Udi0为实际理想空载直流电压，K为正斜率系数，AMAX为所述最大触发延迟角。
优选地，所述确定单元还用于根据以下公式确定所述最大触发延迟角：
Figure PCTCN2015091028-appb-000010
其中，γo为熄弧角参考值，dx为相对感性压降，Io为直流电流指令值，Id为所述直流输电系统逆变侧的实际直流电流，IdN为所述直流输电系统逆变侧的额定直流电流，Udi0N为额定理想空载直流电压，Udi0为实际理想空载直流电压，K为正斜率系数，AMAX为所述最大触发延迟角，Δα为所述触发延迟角增加量。
优选地，所述检测单元，还用于根据以下条件至少之一检测直流输电系统发生的暂态扰动是否满足扰动判据条件；
所述直流输电系统逆变侧的实际直流电流的绝对值与直流电流指令值的绝对值的偏差大于第一阈值；
所述直流输电系统逆变侧的直流电流单位时间内变化量的绝对值大于第二阈值；
所述直流输电系统逆变侧的直流电压指令值的绝对值与直流电压实际值的绝对值的偏差大于第三阈值；
所述直流输电系统逆变侧的直流电压单位时间内变化量的绝对值大于第四阈值；
所述直流输电系统第二极或所述直流输电系统本极第二阀组所连接的不同交流电网网侧电流在单位时间内变化量的绝对值大于第五阈值；
所述直流输电系统第二极或所述直流输电系统本极第二阀组所连接的不同交流电网网侧电压单位时间内变化量的绝对值大于第六阈值；
所述直流输电系统的直流输电本极接收到第二极的以下信号至少之一：闭锁信号、保护闭锁信号、紧急停运信号、移相信号、换相失败预测信号；
所述直流输电系统的直流输电本极的第一阀组接收到第二阀组的以下信号至少之一：闭锁信号、保护闭锁信号、紧急停运信号、移相信号和换相失败预测信号。
本发明实施例中，在直流输电系统的发生大的暂态扰动(也即满足暂态扰动判据条件)时，通过使用较发生大的暂态扰动前小的最大触发延迟角进行换相操作，避免发生换相失败的情况，保证直流输电系统电压稳定。
附图说明
图1是本发明实施例中换相控制的实现流程示意图；
图2a是本发明实施例中直流输电系统中进行换相控制的示意图一；
图2b是本发明实施例中直流输电系统中进行换相控制的示意图二；
图2c是本发明实施例中直流输电系统中进行换相控制的示意图三；
图3是本发明实施例中在直流输电系统的逆变侧实施最大触发延迟角控制策略的实现框图；
图4是本发明实施例中换相控制装置的结构示意图一；
图5是本发明实施例中换相控制装置的结构示意图二。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合附图及实施例，对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当 理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。
发明人在实施本发明的过程中发现，相关技术中采用以下方式确定逆变侧的换流器进行换相处理所依据的最大触发延迟角：
Figure PCTCN2015091028-appb-000011
其中，γo为熄弧角参考值，dx为相对感性压降，Io为直流电流指令值，Id为直流输电系统逆变侧的实际直流电流，IdN为直流输电系统逆变侧的额定直流电流，Udi0N为直流输电系统逆变侧的额定理想空载直流电压，Udi0为直流输电系统逆变侧的实际理想空载直流电压，K为正斜率系数，AMAX为最大触发延迟角；
可以看出，通过采用直流电流指令值确定换相压降(换相压降与
Figure PCTCN2015091028-appb-000012
对应)和引入正斜率系数K来保证直流电压实际值和实际直流电流为正斜率关系，在直流输电系统逆变侧发生小的暂态扰动时，直流电流指令值Io保持不变，实际直流电流Id因扰动而变大，根据相关技术的最大触发延迟角控制策略确定的最大触发延迟角AMAX较发生扰动之前增大，从而使逆变侧的直流电压增大，实际直流电流Id变小，进而使直流输电系统恢复到稳态工作点，也即在使用增大直流电压的方式来消除暂态扰动；
发明人发现，上述处理仅适用于在直流输电系统稳态工作或发生小的暂态扰动时；在以下故障时导致发生大的暂态扰动：
高压直流输电双极运行时发生单极闭锁；特高压直流输电逆变侧串联的两个阀组有一个阀组发生丢脉冲故障、无通讯时逆变侧有一个阀组退出运行、双极运行时发生单极闭锁；高、低压阀组分层接入两个交流电网的特高压直流输电逆变侧发生单个交流电网故障；
由于在逆变侧出现大的暂态扰动时，逆变侧的直流电压相对整流侧的直流电压下降较大，整流侧的电流调节器不能及时调节直流电流跟随直流电流指令值，输送至逆变侧的正常运行阀组的直流电流快速上升，实际直流电流远大于直流电流指令值，此时采用直流电流指令值确定的换相压降远小于实际的换相压降，根据相关技术提供的最大触发延迟角控制策略确定的最大触发延迟角较发生扰动之前增大，将使熄弧角实际值远小于熄弧角参考值，换相裕度减小，从而极易导致换流器发生换相失败，发生换相失败时换流器的直流电压将变得很低，导致实际直流电流进一步增大，熄弧角实际值进一步减小，极易造成连续的换相失败甚至导致换流器闭锁；
结合上述分析，本发明实施例记载一种换相控制方法，可以应用于高压直流输电系统以及特高压直流输电系统的换相控制，如图1所示，本实施例记载的换相控制方法包括以下步骤：
步骤101，检测直流输电系统发生的暂态扰动是否满足扰动判据条件。
扰动判据条件可以采用以下条件至少之一：
(1)直流输电系统逆变侧的换流器的实际直流电流的绝对值与直流电流指令值的绝对值的偏差大于第一阈值，即|Id|-|Io|＞Idiff
式中，Io为直流电流指令值，Id为实际直流电流，Idiff为直流电流偏差值(对应第一阈值)，取值为0.01～0.3IdN，IdN为直流电流额定值。
(2)直流输电系统逆变侧的直流电流单位时间内变化量的绝对值大于第二阈值，即
Figure PCTCN2015091028-appb-000013
式中，Kdelta_Id为直流电流对时间的导数定值(对应第二阈值)，取值为50～1000Id0，Id0为扰动前换流器的实际直流电流。
(3)直流输电系统逆变侧的直流电压指令值的绝对值与直流电压实际值的绝对值的偏差大于第三阈值，即|Uo|-|Ud|＞Udiff；
式中，Uo为直流电压指令值，Ud为直流电压实际值，Udiff为直流电压偏差定值(对应第三阈值)，取值为0.01～0.5UdN， UdN为额定直流电压。
(4)直流输电系统逆变侧的直流电压单位时间内变化量的绝对值大于第四阈值，即
Figure PCTCN2015091028-appb-000014
式中，Kdelta_Ud为直流电压对时间的导数定值(对应第四阈值)，取值为10～200Ud0，Ud0为扰动前的直流电压实际值。
(5)直流输电系统第二极或直流输电系统本极第二阀组所连接的不同交流电网网侧电流单位时间内变化量的绝对值大于第五阈值，即
Figure PCTCN2015091028-appb-000015
或
Figure PCTCN2015091028-appb-000016
式中，IA，IB，IC为直流输电系统第二极或直流输电系统本极第二阀组所接的不同交流电网网侧A相，B相，C相电流，Kdelta_IP为相电流对时间的导数定值(对应第五阈值)，取值为350～1200Im，Im为扰动前的交流电流峰值，第二极为直流输电系统的直流输电本极之外的极，第二阀组为直流输电系统的直流输电本极中第一阀组之外的阀组，第一阀组是指进行判断是否满足扰动判据条件判断的目标阀组，如直流输电系统的直流输电本极包括串联的阀组1和阀组2时，如果对阀组1进行是否满足扰动判据条件的判断，则阀组1为第一阀组，阀组2为第二阀组。
(6)直流输电系统第二极或直流输电系统本极第二阀组所连接的不同交流电网网侧电压单位时间内变化量的绝对值大于第六阈值，即
Figure PCTCN2015091028-appb-000017
式中，UA，UB，UC为直流输电系统第二极或直流输电系统本极第二阀组所连接的不同交流电网网侧A相，B相，C相电压，Kdelta_UP为相电压对时间的导数定值(对应第六阈值)，取值为350～1200Um，Um为扰动前的交流电压峰值；第二极为直流输电系统的直流输电本极之外的极，第二阀组为直流输电系统的直流输电本极中第一阀组之外的阀组，第一阀组是指进行判断是否满足扰动判据条件判断的目标阀组，如直流输电系统的直流输电本极包括串联的阀组1和阀组2时，如果对阀组1进行是否满足扰动判据条件的判断，则阀组1为第一阀组，阀组2为第二阀组。
(7)直流输电系统的直流输电本极接收到第二极的以下信号至少之一：闭锁信号、保护闭锁信号、紧急停运信号、移相信号和换相失败预测信号。
(8)直流输电系统的直流输电本极的第一阀组接收到第二阀组的以下信号至少之一：闭锁信号、保护闭锁信号、紧急停运信号、移相信号和换相失败预测信号。
需要指出的是，大的暂态扰动与小的暂态扰动是相对的，当发生的扰动未满足扰动判据条件时即为小的暂态扰动或直流输电系统稳态运行时，可以基于公式(1)，也即基于直流电流指令值确定换相压降，并基于换相压降确定最大触发延迟角。
步骤102，满足扰动判据条件，确定直流输电系统逆变侧的换流器进行换相处理所依据的最大触发延迟角。
这里，所确定的最大触发延迟角小于发生暂态扰动前所使用的最大触发延迟角；与直流输电系统在稳态工作时或发生小的暂态扰动时的确定最大触发延迟角的方式不同(直流输电系统在稳态工作时或发生小的暂态扰动时的最大触发延迟角控制机制，实质是利用采用增大直流电压的方式来消除扰动)，发生大的暂态扰动时，以不发生换相失败为控制目标，消除扰动的处理可以在直流输电系统的整流侧完成，从而使直流输电系统恢复到稳态工作点；需要说明的是，本发明实施例中记载的换流器由阀组(阀组由不可关断的晶闸管组成)构成；因此，后续控制直流输电系统逆变侧的换流器依据最大触发延迟角进行换相处理，可以通过控制直流输电系统逆变侧的阀组来实现。
确定最大触发延迟角的方式包括以下几种：
1)根据换流器的实际直流电流确定换相压降，基于换相压降来确定最大触发延迟角；
2)通过熄弧角参考值增加量来增大熄弧角的方式，确定最大触发延迟角；
3)通过触发延迟角增加量来增大熄弧角的方式确定最大触发延迟角。
4)通过直流输电系统逆变侧的实际直流电流确定换相压降的方式、以及通过熄弧角参考值增加量来增大熄弧角的方式，确定最大触发延迟角；
5)通过直流输电系统逆变侧的实际直流电流确定换相压降的方式，以及通过触发延迟角增加量来增大熄弧角的方式， 确定最大触发延迟角。
下面就采用上述方式确定最大触发延迟角进行说明。
采用方式1)时，采用直流输电系统逆变侧的实际直流电流确定换相压降，基于换相压降确定最大触发延迟角时，作为一个示例，可以采用以下公式：
Figure PCTCN2015091028-appb-000018
其中，γo为熄弧角参考值，dx为相对感性压降，Io为直流电流指令值，Id为实际直流电流，IdN为额定直流电流，Udi0N为额定理想空载直流电压，Udi0为实际理想空载直流电压，K为正斜率系数，AMAX为最大触发延迟角。
采用方式2)时，通过熄弧角参考值增加量来增大熄弧角的方式，确定最大触发延迟角，作为一个示例，可以采用以下公式：
Figure PCTCN2015091028-appb-000019
其中，γo为熄弧角参考值，dx为相对感性压降，Io为直流电流指令值，Id为实际直流电流，IdN为额定直流电流，Udi0N为额定理想空载直流电压，Udi0为实际理想空载直流电压，K为正斜率系数，AMAX为最大触发延迟角；Δγ为熄弧角参考值增加量，可以为常数值或动态值，例如，Δγ为常数值时，根据直流输电系统瞬时扰动大小取常数值，Δγ可以在0～35°内取常数值；再例如，Δγ为动态值时，Δγ可以随扰动大小变化取值，扰动越大，取值越大，反之，取值越小；在暂态扰动消除时，Δγ的值可以通过下阶跃函数经低通滤波器减小为0，以保证直流输电系统的稳定性。
采用方式3)时，通过触发延迟角增加量(触发延迟角增加量用于减小最大触发延迟角)来增大熄弧角的方式，确定最大触发延迟角，作为一个示例，可以采用以下公式：
Figure PCTCN2015091028-appb-000020
其中，γo为熄弧角参考值，dx为相对感性压降，Io为直流电流指令值，Id为实际直流电流，IdN为额定直流电流，Udi0N为额定理想空载直流电压，Udi0为实际理想空载直流电压，K为正斜率系数，AMAX为最大触发延迟角；Δα为触发延迟角增加量(对应最大触发延迟角的增加量)，可以为常数值或动态值，例如，Δα为常数值时，根据直流输电系统瞬时扰动大小取常数值，Δα可以在0～30°内取常数值；再例如，Δα为动态值时，Δα可以随扰动大小变化取值，扰动越大，取值越大，反之，取值越小；在暂态扰动消除时，Δα的值可以通过下阶跃函数经低通滤波器减小为0，以保证直流输电系统的稳定性。
采用方式4)时，采用直流输电系统逆变侧的实际直流电流确定换相压降，并通过熄弧角参考值增加量来增大熄弧角的方式，确定最大触发延迟角，作为一个示例，可以采用以下公式：
其中，γo为熄弧角参考值，dx为相对感性压降，Io为直流电流指令值，Id为实际直流电流，IdN为额定直流电流，Udi0N为额定理想空载直流电压，Udi0为实际理想空载直流电压，K为正斜率系数，AMAX为最大触发延迟角；Δγ为熄弧角参考值增加量，可以为常数值或动态值，例如，Δγ为常数值时，根据直流输电系统瞬时扰动大小取常数值，Δγ可以在0～35°内取常数值；再例如，Δγ为动态值时，Δγ可以随扰动大小变化取值，扰动越大，取值越大，反之，取值越小；在暂态扰动消除时，Δγ的值可以通过下阶跃函数经低通滤波器减小为0，以保证直流输电系统的稳定性。
采用方式5)时，通过直流输电系统逆变侧的实际直流电流确定换相压降的方式、并通过触发延迟角增加量来增大熄弧角的方式，确定最大触发延迟角，作为一个示例，可以采用以下公式：
Figure PCTCN2015091028-appb-000022
其中，γo为熄弧角参考值，dx为相对感性压降，Io为直流电流指令值，Id为实际直流电流，IdN为额定直流电流，Udi0N为额定理想空载直流电压，Udi0为实际理想空载直流电压，K为正斜率系数，AMAX为最大触发延迟角；Δα为触发延迟角增加量，可以为常数值或动态值，例如，Δα为常数值时，根据直流输电系统瞬时扰动大小取常数值，Δα可以在0～30°内取常数值；再例如，Δα为动态值时，Δα可以随扰动大小变化取值，扰动越大，取值越大，反之，取值越小；在暂态扰动消除时，Δα的值可以通过下阶跃函数经低通滤波器减小为0，以保证直流输电系统的稳定性。
在步骤103中，控制直流输电系统逆变侧的换流器基于所确定的最大触发延迟角进行换相操作。
基于最大触发延迟角控制直流输电系统逆变侧的换流器的开通和关断，使换流器完成换相处理，避免发生换相失败；保证直流输电系统的电压稳定，同时可由整流侧的电流控制器将扰动消除，从而使直流输电系统重新回到稳态工作点。
需要指出的是，在步骤101中，当检测出发生扰动且扰动未满足扰动判定条件时，或者检测出稳态运行时，可以根据相关技术提供的公式(1)，通过采用直流电流指令值确定换相压降和引入正斜率系数K来保证换流器的直流电压和直流电流为正斜率关系；在逆变侧发生小的暂态扰动时，直流电流指令值Io保持不变，直流电流Id因扰动而变大，根据相关技术确定的最大触发延迟角控制机制确定的最大触发延迟角AMAX较发生扰动之前增大，从而使逆变侧直流电压Ud增大，实际直流电流Id变小，进而使直流输电系统恢复到稳态工作点；
在逆变侧发生大的暂态扰动时根据步骤102的记载确定最大触发延迟角，也即在直流输电系统的逆变侧出现大的暂态扰动使实际直流电流变大时，在逆变侧确定最大触发延迟角时，不采用增大直流电压的方式来消除扰动，而是较发生大的暂态扰动之前减小最大触发延迟角，以不发生换相失败为控制目标，相应地，可以由整流侧的电流控制器来消除扰动，这样，不但能够消除暂态扰动，而且，避免了相关技术在消除扰动时发生换相失败的情况，确保在发生大的暂态扰动时直流输电系统能够恢复到稳态工作点。
下面再结合实际应用场景进行说明。
在图2a、图2b和图2c中，当极II20闭锁时，针对极I10判断是否满足扰动判据条件(也即判断是否发生大的暂态扰动)，以触发运行最大触发延迟角控制策略，从而重新确定最大触发延迟角(小于发生扰动前的最大触发延迟角)，扰动判据条件可以采用以下条件至少之一：
1)通过检测流过逆变侧极I10的直流电流Id的绝对值与直流电流指令值Io的绝对值的偏差大于Idiff；
2)流过逆变侧的直流电流Id单位时间内变化量的绝对值大于Kdelta_Id；
3)逆变侧的直流电压指令值Uo的绝对值与直流电压Ud的绝对值的偏差大于Udiff；
4)逆变侧的直流电压Ud对单位时间内变化量的绝对值大于Kdelta_Ud；
5)极I10接收到以下信号至少之一：极II20的闭锁信号、保护闭锁信号、紧急停运信号和移相信号；
如果满足条件，则运行最大触发延迟角控制处理策略；同理，极I10闭锁时，极II20的处理与以上类似。
在图2b和图2c中，当极I10处于全阀组运行状态，逆变侧高压阀组40控制丢脉冲或者站间无通讯时退出高压阀组40时，针对极I10低压阀组50判断是否满足扰动判据条件(也即判断是否发生大的暂态扰动)，以触发运行最大触发延迟角控制策略，从而重新确定最大触发延迟角，扰动判据条件可以采用以下条件至少之一：
1)逆变侧通过检测流过极I10低压阀组50的直流电流Id的绝对值与直流电流指令值Io的绝对值的偏差大于Idiff；
2)流过低压阀组50的直流电流Id单位时间内变化量的绝对值大于Kdelta_Id；
3)直流电压指令值Uo的绝对值与直流电压Ud的绝对值的偏差大于Udiff；
4)直流电压Ud单位时间内变化量的绝对值大于Kdelta_Ud；
5)低压阀组50接收到高压阀组40以下信号至少之一：闭锁信号、保护闭锁信号、紧急停运信号、移相信号；
同理，逆变侧低压阀组50控制丢脉冲或者站间无通讯时退出低压阀组50时，可以针对极I10高压阀组40判断是否满足扰动判据条件(也即判断是否发生大的暂态扰动)，以触发运行最大触发延迟角控制策略，从而重新确定最大触发延迟角；上述处理同样适用于极II20的高压阀组70和低压阀组60。
在图2c中，当逆变侧极I10处于全阀组运行状态，高压阀组40所连接的交流电网I30出现单相接地故障、两相短路故障、两相接地故障或三相短路故障时，可以针对极I10低压阀组50判断是否满足扰动判据条件(也即判断是否发生大的暂态扰动)，以触发运行最大触发延迟角控制策略，从而重新确定最大触发延迟角，扰动判据条件可以采用以下条件至少之一：
1)通过检测流过极I10低压阀组50的直流电流Id的绝对值与直流电流指令值Io的绝对值的偏差大于Idiff；
2)流过逆变侧的直流电流Id单位时间内变化量的绝对值大于Kdelta_Id；
3)直流电压指令值Uo的绝对值与直流电压Ud的绝对值的偏差大于Udiff；
4)直流电压Ud单位时间内变化量的绝对值大于Kdelta_Ud；
5)低压阀组50测量高压阀组40所连接的交流网侧电流IA，IB，IC单位时间内变化量的绝对值大于Kdelta_IP；
6)低压阀组50测量高压阀组40所连接的交流网侧电压UA，UB，UC单位时间内变化量的绝对值大于Kdelta_UP；
7)低压阀组50接收到高压阀组40以下信号至少之一：闭锁信号、保护闭锁信号、紧急停运信号、移相信号和换相失败预测信号；
如果满足扰动判据条件，则运行最大触发延迟角控制策略；同理，逆变侧低压阀组50所连接的交流电网II80故障时，针对极I10高压阀组40判断是否满足扰动判据条件；上述处理同样适用于极II20的高压阀组70和低压阀组60。
对于逆变侧出现的其他故障引起的换流器的直流电流Id的绝对值与直流电流指令值Io的绝对值的偏差大于Idiff，也判定为直流输电系统出现了大的暂态扰动。
如图3所示的最大触发延迟角控制策略的实现示意图，将上述电流、电压偏差和导数算法以及第二极、第二阀组的闭锁、紧急停运、换相失败预测等状态信号作为大的暂态扰动判据逻辑的输入，大的暂态扰动判据逻辑根据所有输入中的至少一个来判断；如果判定为稳态运行和小的暂态扰动时，则大的暂态扰动判据逻辑输出为0，触发选取逻辑选择采用直流电流指令值计算换相压降，也即根据公式(1)确定最大触发延迟角算法；如果判定为大的暂态扰动，大的暂态扰动判据逻辑输出为1，触发选取逻辑选取公式(2)～(6)中的任一个公式确定最大触发延迟角。
本发明实施例还记载一种换相控制装置，用于执行上述的换相控制处理，如图4所示，换相控制装置包括：
检测单元41，用于检测直流输电系统发生的暂态扰动是否满足扰动判据条件；
确定单元42，用于当满足扰动判据条件时，确定直流输电系统逆变侧的换流器进行换相操作时所使用的最大触发延迟角，其中，确定的最大触发延迟角小于发生暂态扰动前所使用的最大触发延迟角；
控制单元43，用于控制直流输电系统逆变侧的换流器基于所确定的最大触发延迟角进行换相操作。
其中，确定单元42可以通过以下方式之一确定最大触发延迟角：
1)通过直流输电系统逆变侧的实际直流电流确定换相压降，基于换相压降确定最大触发延迟角；
2)通过熄弧角参考值增加量来增大熄弧角的方式，确定最大触发延迟角；
3)通过触发延迟角增加量来增大熄弧角的方式，确定最大触发延迟角；
4)通过直流输电系统逆变侧的实际直流电流确定换相压降的方式、以及通过熄弧角参考值增加量来增大熄弧角的方式，确定最大触发延迟角；
5)通过直流输电系统逆变侧的实际直流电流确定换相压降的方式，以及通过触发延迟角增加量来增大熄弧角的方式，确定最大触发延迟角；
其中，换相压降、熄弧角均与最大触发延迟角负相关。
采用方式1)时，确定单元42还用于根据上述公式(2)确定最大触发延迟角：
Figure PCTCN2015091028-appb-000023
其中，γo为熄弧角参考值，dx为相对感性压降，Io为直流电流指令值，Id为直流输电系统逆变侧的实际直流电流，IdN为直流输电系统逆变侧的额定直流电流，Udi0N为额定理想空载直流电压，Udi0为实际理想空载直流电压，K为正斜率系数，AMAX为最大触发延迟角。
采用方式2)时，确定单元42还用于根据上述公式(3)确定最大触发延迟角：
确定单元42用于根据以下公式确定最大触发延迟角：
Figure PCTCN2015091028-appb-000024
其中，γo为熄弧角参考值，Δγ为熄弧角参考值增加量，dx为相对感性压降，Io为直流电流指令值，Id为直流输电系统逆变侧的实际直流电流，IdN为直流输电系统逆变侧的额定直流电流，Udi0N为额定理想空载直流电压，Udi0为实际理想空载直流电压，K为正斜率系数，AMAX为最大触发延迟角。
采用方式3)时，确定单元42还用于根据上述公式(4)确定最大触发延迟角：
Figure PCTCN2015091028-appb-000025
其中，γo为熄弧角参考值，dx为相对感性压降，Io为直流电流指令值，Id为直流输电系统逆变侧的实际直流电流，IdN为直流输电系统逆变侧的额定直流电流，Udi0N为额定理想空载直流电压，Udi0为实际理想空载直流电压，K为正斜率系数，AMAX为最大触发延迟角，Δα为触发延迟角增加量。
采用方式4)时，确定单元42还用于根据上述公式(5)确定最大触发延迟角：
Figure PCTCN2015091028-appb-000026
其中，γo为熄弧角参考值，Δγ为熄弧角参考值增加量，dx为相对感性压降，Io为直流电流指令值，Id为直流输电系统逆变侧的实际直流电流，IdN为直流输电系统逆变侧的额定直流电流，Udi0N为额定理想空载直流电压，Udi0为实际理想空载直流电压，K为正斜率系数，AMAX为最大触发延迟角。
采用方式5)时，确定单元42还用于根据上述公式(6)确定最大触发延迟角：
Figure PCTCN2015091028-appb-000027
其中，γo为熄弧角参考值，dx为相对感性压降，Io为直流电流指令值，Id为直流输电系统逆变侧的实际直流电流，IdN为所述直流输电系统逆变侧的额定直流电流，Udi0N为额定理想空载直流电压，Udi0为实际理想空载直流电压，K为正斜率系数，AMAX为最大触发延迟角，Δα为触发延迟角增加量。
作为一个示例，检测单元41，还用于根据以下条件至少之一检测直流输电系统发生的暂态扰动是否满足扰动判据条件；
直流输电系统逆变侧的实际直流电流的绝对值与直流电流指令值的绝对值的偏差大于第一阈值；
直流输电系统逆变侧的直流电流单位时间内变化量的绝对值大于第二阈值；
直流输电系统逆变侧的直流电压指令值的绝对值与直流电压实际值的绝对值的偏差大于第三阈值；
直流输电系统逆变侧的直流电压单位时间内变化量的绝对值大于第四阈值；
直流输电系统第二极或直流输电系统本极第二阀组所连接的不同交流电网网侧电流在单位时间内变化量的绝对值大于第五阈值；
直流输电系统第二极或直流输电系统本极第二阀组所连接的不同交流电网网侧电压单位时间内变化量的绝对值大于第六阈值；
直流输电系统的直流输电本极接收到第二极的以下信号至少之一：闭锁信号、保护闭锁信号、紧急停运信号、移相信号、换相失败预测信号；
直流输电系统的直流输电本极的第一阀组接收到第二阀组的以下信号至少之一：闭锁信号、保护闭锁信号、紧急停运信号、移相信号、换相失败预测信号。
实际应用中，检测单元41、确定单元42可由换相控制装置中的微处理器(MCU)或逻辑可编程门阵列(FPGA)实现； 控制单元43可由限幅器和比例积分(PI，Proportional Integral)调节器实现；
下面结合换相控制装置在实际应用中的硬件实现方式进行说明，如图5所示的换相控制装置57，包括最大触发延迟角确定单元54、电压调节单元55和电流调节单元56；
最大触发延迟角确定单元54的输入为直流电流Id、直流电流指令值Io、熄弧角参考值γo、相对感性压降dx和空载直流电压Udi0，最大触发延迟角控制单元59根据图3的逆变侧最大触发延迟角控制策略确定并输出最大触发延迟角AMAX；
电压调节单元55的输入为直流电压指令值Uo和直流电压Ud的差值，差值经电压调节单元55中设置的PI调节器50输出到限幅器51，限幅器51的下限值为110°，上限值为最大触发延迟角确定单元54输出的AMAX；
电流调节单元56的输入为直流电流指令值Io和直流电流Id的差值，应用于逆变侧时，电流调节单元56将上述电流差值(直流电流指令值Io和直流电流Id的差值)减去电流差额ΔI，将得到的结果输出到PI调节器52，经PI调节器52的输出至限幅器53，限幅器53的下限值为110°，上限值为限幅器51的输出；
限幅器53利用输出的最大触发延迟角对直流输电设备的阀组58进行控制，电流差额应用于逆变侧后，电流调节器的输出值一般大于限幅器53的上限值，电流调节器的输出值为限幅器53的上限值；电压调节单元55的输出值一般大于最大触发延迟角AMAX，限幅器55的输出为其上限值AMAX。因此，逆变侧的装置57一般工作在最大触发延迟角控制。综上所述，本发明实施例中，当直流输电系统的逆变侧稳态运行或发生小的暂态扰动时，根据直流电流指令值确定逆变侧的换流器换相时的换相压降，基于换相压降确定最大触发延迟角；当直流输电系统的逆变侧出现大的暂态扰动时，如出现直流电流、直流电压的测量值与对应的指令值差值较大，或者直流电流、直流电压单位时间内的变化量较大，或者第二极或特高压直流输电本极第二阀组出现故障、闭锁等情况，由于此时，换流器的实际直流电流远大于直流电流指令值，因此采用以下方式至少之一减小大的暂态扰动时换流器的最大触发延迟角：1)通过直流输电系统逆变侧的实际直流电流确定换相压降，基于换相压降确定最大触发延迟角；2)通过熄弧角参考值增加量来增大熄弧角的方式，确定最大触发延迟角；3)通过触发延迟角增加量来增大熄弧角的方式，确定最大触发延迟角；4)通过直流输电系统逆变侧的实际直流电流确定换相压降的方式、以及通过熄弧角参考值增加量来增大熄弧角的方式，确定最大触发延迟角；5)通过直流输电系统逆变侧的实际直流电流确定换相压降的方式，以及通过触发延迟角增加量来增大熄弧角的方式，确定最大触发延迟角；也即在逆变侧确定最大触发延迟角时，不采用增大直流电压的方式来消除扰动，而是使用较发生大的暂态扰动之前减小最大触发延迟角进行换相处理，以不发生换相失败为控制目标，由整流侧的电流控制器来消除扰动，从而使直流输电系统恢复到稳态工作点。
本领域普通技术人员可以理解：实现上述方法实施例的全部或部分步骤可以通过程序指令相关的硬件来完成，前述的程序可以存储于一计算机可读取存储介质中，该程序在执行时，执行包括上述方法实施例的步骤；而前述的存储介质包括：移动存储设备、随机存取存储器(RAM，Random Access Memory)、只读存储器(ROM，Read-Only Memory)、磁碟或者光盘等各种可以存储程序代码的介质。
或者，本发明上述集成的单元如果以软件功能模块的形式实现并作为独立的产品销售或使用时，也可以存储在一个计算机可读取存储介质中。基于这样的理解，本发明实施例的技术方案本质上或者说对相关技术做出贡献的部分可以以软件产品的形式体现出来，该计算机软件产品存储在一个存储介质中，包括若干指令用以使得一台计算机设备(可以是个人计算机、服务器、或者网络设备等)执行本发明各个实施例所述方法的全部或部分。而前述的存储介质包括：移动存储设备、RAM、ROM、磁碟或者光盘等各种可以存储程序代码的介质。
以上所述，仅为本发明的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到变化或替换，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此，本发明的保护范围应以所述权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (16)

  1. 一种换相控制方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括：
    检测直流输电系统发生的暂态扰动是否满足扰动判据条件；
    当满足所述扰动判据条件时，确定所述直流输电系统逆变侧的换流器进行换相操作时所使用的最大触发延迟角，其中，所述确定的最大触发延迟角小于发生暂态扰动前所使用的最大触发延迟角；
    控制直流输电系统逆变侧的换流器基于所确定的最大触发延迟角进行换相操作。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述确定直流输电系统逆变侧的换流器进行换相操作时所使用的最大触发延迟角，包括：
    通过以下方式之一确定所述最大触发延迟角：
    通过所述直流输电系统逆变侧的实际直流电流确定换相压降，基于所述换相压降确定所述最大触发延迟角；
    通过熄弧角参考值增加量来增大熄弧角的方式，确定所述最大触发延迟角；
    通过触发延迟角增加量来增大所述熄弧角的方式，确定最大触发延迟角；
    通过所述直流输电系统逆变侧的实际直流电流确定换相压降的方式、以及通过熄弧角参考值增加量来增大熄弧角的方式，确定所述最大触发延迟角；
    通过所述直流输电系统逆变侧的实际直流电流确定换相压降的方式，以及通过触发延迟角增加量来增大所述熄弧角的方式，确定最大触发延迟角；
    其中，所述换相压降、所述熄弧角均与所述最大触发延迟角负相关。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述通过所述逆变侧的实际直流电流确定换相压降，基于所述换相压降确定所述最大触发延迟角，包括：
    根据以下公式确定所述最大触发延迟角：
    Figure PCTCN2015091028-appb-100001
    其中，γo为熄弧角参考值，dx为相对感性压降，Io为直流电流指令值，Id为所述直流输电系统逆变侧的实际直流电流，IdN为所述直流输电系统逆变侧的额定直流电流，Udi0N为额定理想空载直流电压，Udi0为实际理想空载直流电压，K为正斜率系数，AMAX为所述最大触发延迟角。
  4. 如权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述通过熄弧角参考值增加量来增大熄弧角的方式，确定所述最大触发延迟角，包括：
    根据以下公式确定所述最大触发延迟角：
    Figure PCTCN2015091028-appb-100002
    其中，γo为熄弧角参考值，Δγ为熄弧角参考值增加量，dx为相对感性压降，Io为直流电流指令值，Id为所述直流输电系统逆变侧的实际直流电流，IdN为所述直流输电系统逆变侧的额定直流电流，Udi0N为额定理想空载直流电压，Udi0为实际理想空载直流电压，K为正斜率系数，AMAX为所述最大触发延迟角。
  5. 如权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述通过触发延迟角增加量来增大所述熄弧角的方式，确定最大触发延迟角，包括：
    Figure PCTCN2015091028-appb-100003
    其中，γo为熄弧角参考值，dx为相对感性压降，Io为直流电流指令值，Id为所述直流输电系统逆变侧的实际直流电流，IdN为所述直流输电系统逆变侧的额定直流电流，Udi0N为额定理想空载直流电压，Udi0为实际理想空载直流电压，K为正 斜率系数，AMAX为所述最大触发延迟角，Δα为所述触发延迟角增加量。
  6. 如权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述通过所述直流输电系统逆变侧的实际直流电流确定换相压降的方式、以及通过熄弧角参考值增加量来增大熄弧角的方式，确定所述最大触发延迟角，包括：
    根据以下公式确定所述最大触发延迟角：
    Figure PCTCN2015091028-appb-100004
    其中，γo为熄弧角参考值，Δγ为熄弧角参考值增加量，dx为相对感性压降，Io为直流电流指令值，Id为所述直流输电系统逆变侧的实际直流电流，IdN为所述直流输电系统逆变侧的额定直流电流，Udi0N为额定理想空载直流电压，Udi0为实际理想空载直流电压，K为正斜率系数，AMAX为所述最大触发延迟角。
  7. 如权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述通过所述直流输电系统逆变侧的实际直流电流确定换相压降的方式、以及通过触发延迟角增加量来增大所述熄弧角的方式，确定最大触发延迟角，包括：
    根据以下公式确定所述最大触发延迟角：
    Figure PCTCN2015091028-appb-100005
    其中，γo为熄弧角参考值，dx为相对感性压降，Io为直流电流指令值，Id为所述直流输电系统逆变侧的实际直流电流，IdN为所述直流输电系统逆变侧的额定直流电流，Udi0N为额定理想空载直流电压，Udi0为实际理想空载直流电压，K为正斜率系数，AMAX为所述最大触发延迟角，Δα为所述触发延迟角增加量。
  8. 如权利要求1至7任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述扰动判据条件包括以下条件至少之一：
    所述直流输电系统逆变侧的实际直流电流的绝对值与直流电流指令值的绝对值的偏差大于第一阈值；
    所述直流输电系统逆变侧的直流电流单位时间内变化量的绝对值大于第二阈值；
    所述直流输电系统逆变侧的直流电压指令值的绝对值与直流电压实际值的绝对值的偏差大于第三阈值；
    所述直流输电系统逆变侧的直流电压单位时间内变化量的绝对值大于第四阈值；
    所述直流输电系统第二极或所述直流输电系统本极第二阀组所连接的不同交流电网网侧电流在单位时间内变化量的绝对值大于第五阈值；
    所述直流输电系统第二极或所述直流输电系统本极第二阀组所连接的不同交流电网网侧电压单位时间内变化量的绝对值大于第六阈值；
    所述直流输电系统的直流输电本极接收到第二极的以下信号至少之一：闭锁信号、保护闭锁信号、紧急停运信号、移相信号和换相失败预测信号；
    所述直流输电系统的直流输电本极的第一阀组接收到第二阀组的以下信号至少之一：闭锁信号、保护闭锁信号、紧
    急停运信号、移相信号和换相失败预测信号。
  9. 一种换相控制装置，其特征在于，所述装置包括：
    检测单元，用于检测直流输电系统发生的暂态扰动是否满足扰动判据条件；
    确定单元，用于当满足所述扰动判据条件时，确定所述直流输电系统逆变侧的换流器进行换相操作时所使用的最大触发延迟角，其中，所述确定的最大触发延迟角小于发生暂态扰动前所使用的最大触发延迟角；
    控制单元，用于控制直流输电系统逆变侧的换流器基于所确定的最大触发延迟角进行换相操作。
  10. 如权利要求9所述的装置，其特征在于，
    所述确定单元，还用于通过以下方式之一确定所述最大触发延迟角：
    通过所述直流输电系统逆变侧的实际直流电流确定换相压降，基于所述换相压降确定所述最大触发延迟角；
    通过熄弧角参考值增加量来增大熄弧角的方式，确定所述最大触发延迟角；
    通过触发延迟角增加量来增大所述熄弧角的方式，确定最大触发延迟角；
    通过所述直流输电系统逆变侧的实际直流电流确定换相压降的方式、以及通过熄弧角参考值增加量来增大熄弧角的方式，确定所述最大触发延迟角；
    通过所述直流输电系统逆变侧的实际直流电流确定换相压降的方式，以及通过触发延迟角增加量来增大所述熄弧角的方式，确定所述最大触发延迟角；
    其中，所述换相压降、所述熄弧角均与所述最大触发延迟角负相关。
  11. 如权利要求10所述的装置，其特征在于，
    所述确定单元，还用于根据以下公式确定所述最大触发延迟角：
    Figure PCTCN2015091028-appb-100006
    其中，γo为熄弧角参考值，dx为相对感性压降，Io为直流电流指令值，Id为所述直流输电系统逆变侧的实际直流电流，IdN为所述直流输电系统逆变侧的额定直流电流，Udi0N为额定理想空载直流电压，Udi0为实际理想空载直流电压，K为正斜率系数，AMAX为所述最大触发延迟角。
  12. 如权利要求10所述的装置，其特征在于，
    所述确定单元还用于根据以下公式确定所述最大触发延迟角：
    Figure PCTCN2015091028-appb-100007
    其中，γo为熄弧角参考值，Δγ为熄弧角参考值增加量，dx为相对感性压降，Io为直流电流指令值，Id为所述直流输电系统逆变侧的实际直流电流，IdN为所述直流输电系统逆变侧的额定直流电流，Udi0N为额定理想空载直流电压，Udi0为实际理想空载直流电压，K为正斜率系数，AMAX为所述最大触发延迟角。
  13. 如权利要求10所述的装置，其特征在于，
    所述确定单元还用于根据以下公式确定所述最大触发延迟角：
    Figure PCTCN2015091028-appb-100008
    其中，γo为熄弧角参考值，dx为相对感性压降，Io为直流电流指令值，Id为所述直流输电系统逆变侧的实际直流电流，IdN为所述直流输电系统逆变侧的额定直流电流，Udi0N为额定理想空载直流电压，Udi0为实际理想空载直流电压，K为正斜率系数，AMAX为所述最大触发延迟角，Δα为所述触发延迟角增加量。
  14. 如权利要求10所述的装置，其特征在于，所述确定单元还用于根据以下公式确定所述最大触发延迟角：
    Figure PCTCN2015091028-appb-100009
    其中，γo为熄弧角参考值，Δγ为熄弧角参考值增加量，dx为相对感性压降，Io为直流电流指令值，Id为所述直流输电系统逆变侧的实际直流电流，IdN为所述直流输电系统逆变侧的额定直流电流，Udi0N为额定理想空载直流电压，Udi0为实际理想空载直流电压，K为正斜率系数，AMAX为所述最大触发延迟角。
  15. 如权利要求10所述的装置，其特征在于，
    所述确定单元还用于根据以下公式确定所述最大触发延迟角：
    Figure PCTCN2015091028-appb-100010
    其中，γo为熄弧角参考值，dx为相对感性压降，Io为直流电流指令值，Id为所述直流输电系统逆变侧的实际直流电流，IdN为所述直流输电系统逆变侧的额定直流电流，Udi0N为额定理想空载直流电压，Udi0为实际理想空载直流电压，K为正斜率系数，AMAX为所述最大触发延迟角，Δα为所述触发延迟角增加量。
  16. 如权利要求10至15任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，
    所述检测单元，还用于根据以下条件至少之一检测直流输电系统发生的暂态扰动是否满足扰动判据条件；
    所述直流输电系统逆变侧的实际直流电流的绝对值与直流电流指令值的绝对值的偏差大于第一阈值；
    所述直流输电系统逆变侧的直流电流单位时间内变化量的绝对值大于第二阈值；
    所述直流输电系统逆变侧的直流电压指令值的绝对值与直流电压实际值的绝对值的偏差大于第三阈值；
    所述直流输电系统逆变侧的直流电压单位时间内变化量的绝对值大于第四阈值；
    所述直流输电系统第二极或所述直流输电系统本极第二阀组所连接的不同交流电网网侧电流在单位时间内变化量的绝对值大于第五阈值；
    所述直流输电系统第二极或所述直流输电系统本极第二阀组所连接的不同交流电网网侧电压单位时间内变化量的绝对值大于第六阈值；
    所述直流输电系统的直流输电本极接收到第二极的以下信号至少之一：闭锁信号、保护闭锁信号、紧急停运信号、移相信号、换相失败预测信号；
    所述直流输电系统的直流输电本极的第一阀组接收到第二阀组的以下信号至少之一：闭锁信号、保护闭锁信号、紧急停运信号、移相信号和换相失败预测信号。
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