WO2016098632A1 - 発光素子 - Google Patents
発光素子 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016098632A1 WO2016098632A1 PCT/JP2015/084356 JP2015084356W WO2016098632A1 WO 2016098632 A1 WO2016098632 A1 WO 2016098632A1 JP 2015084356 W JP2015084356 W JP 2015084356W WO 2016098632 A1 WO2016098632 A1 WO 2016098632A1
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- Prior art keywords
- layer
- light emitting
- semiconductor
- semiconductor layer
- carrier block
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- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 193
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 claims description 26
- 229910002704 AlGaN Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005121 nitriding Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 57
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 24
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 18
- PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(1+);methylsulfanylmethane;bromide Chemical compound Br[Cu].CSC PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229920002120 photoresistant polymer Polymers 0.000 description 8
- JMASRVWKEDWRBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium nitride Chemical compound [Ga]#N JMASRVWKEDWRBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 229910002601 GaN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000206 photolithography Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 4
- AQRLNPVMDITEJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylsilane Chemical compound CC[SiH](CC)CC AQRLNPVMDITEJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002149 energy-dispersive X-ray emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001902 propagating effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- HQWPLXHWEZZGKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylzinc Chemical compound CC[Zn]CC HQWPLXHWEZZGKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YMUZFVVKDBZHGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl telluride Chemical compound C[Te]C YMUZFVVKDBZHGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AXAZMDOAUQTMOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylzinc Chemical compound C[Zn]C AXAZMDOAUQTMOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- ILXWFJOFKUNZJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyltellanylethane Chemical compound CC[Te]CC ILXWFJOFKUNZJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 2
- -1 nitride compound Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001020 plasma etching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052594 sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010980 sapphire Substances 0.000 description 2
- VOITXYVAKOUIBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylaluminium Chemical compound CC[Al](CC)CC VOITXYVAKOUIBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RGGPNXQUMRMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylgallium Chemical compound CC[Ga](CC)CC RGGPNXQUMRMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JLTRXTDYQLMHGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylaluminium Chemical compound C[Al](C)C JLTRXTDYQLMHGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XCZXGTMEAKBVPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylgallium Chemical compound C[Ga](C)C XCZXGTMEAKBVPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001771 vacuum deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007738 vacuum evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- PIGFYZPCRLYGLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aluminum nitride Chemical compound [Al]#N PIGFYZPCRLYGLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical compound [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- PZPGRFITIJYNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N disilane Chemical compound [SiH3][SiH3] PZPGRFITIJYNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001312 dry etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005566 electron beam evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- QBJCZLXULXFYCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;cyclopenta-1,3-diene Chemical compound [Mg+2].C1C=CC=[C-]1.C1C=CC=[C-]1 QBJCZLXULXFYCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001451 molecular beam epitaxy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005424 photoluminescence Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001039 wet etching Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L33/00—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L33/02—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies
- H01L33/025—Physical imperfections, e.g. particular concentration or distribution of impurities
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L33/00—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L33/005—Processes
- H01L33/0062—Processes for devices with an active region comprising only III-V compounds
- H01L33/0066—Processes for devices with an active region comprising only III-V compounds with a substrate not being a III-V compound
- H01L33/007—Processes for devices with an active region comprising only III-V compounds with a substrate not being a III-V compound comprising nitride compounds
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/10—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED]
- H10K50/18—Carrier blocking layers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L33/00—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L33/02—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies
- H01L33/14—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies with a carrier transport control structure, e.g. highly-doped semiconductor layer or current-blocking structure
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/10—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED]
- H10K50/11—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED] characterised by the electroluminescent [EL] layers
- H10K50/115—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED] characterised by the electroluminescent [EL] layers comprising active inorganic nanostructures, e.g. luminescent quantum dots
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/10—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED]
- H10K50/11—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED] characterised by the electroluminescent [EL] layers
- H10K50/125—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED] characterised by the electroluminescent [EL] layers specially adapted for multicolour light emission, e.g. for emitting white light
- H10K50/13—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED] characterised by the electroluminescent [EL] layers specially adapted for multicolour light emission, e.g. for emitting white light comprising stacked EL layers within one EL unit
- H10K50/131—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED] characterised by the electroluminescent [EL] layers specially adapted for multicolour light emission, e.g. for emitting white light comprising stacked EL layers within one EL unit with spacer layers between the electroluminescent layers
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a light emitting device.
- the present invention relates to a light emitting element of a nitride compound semiconductor.
- the active layer is provided on a well layer made of a nitride semiconductor containing Al and on the most p-type layer side
- Quantum well structure having a p-side barrier layer made of a nitride semiconductor containing Nb and containing a nitride semiconductor having a band gap energy larger than that of the well layer, and an n-side barrier layer provided closest to the n-type layer side.
- the active layer is sandwiched between the light guide layers provided in proximity to form a waveguide, and the light guide layer provided in the p-type layer is from the nitride semiconductor layer having smaller band gap energy than the barrier layer
- a carrier confinement layer made of a nitride semiconductor containing Al having a band gap energy larger than that of the active layer and doped with p-type impurities Nitride semiconductor device which has (for example, see Patent Document 1.).
- Patent Document 1 According to the nitride semiconductor device described in Patent Document 1, it is possible to provide an active layer capable of laser oscillation and a waveguide structure in a short wavelength region of 380 nm or less.
- Non-Patent Document 1 characteristics of a light emitting diode in which Mg is doped in a barrier layer of an InGaN / GaN multiple quantum well have been reported (see, for example, Non-Patent Document 1). According to the technique described in Non-Patent Document 1, a light emitting diode doped with Mg can improve the light output more than a light emitting diode not doped with Mg in the barrier layer.
- Patent Document 1 Although it is described that the luminous efficiency can be improved by doping the well layer of the quantum well with a predetermined concentration (see, for example, paragraph 0071 of Patent Document 1). No attention is paid to the doping concentration at the interface between the light emitting layer and the other semiconductor layer. Although the technique described in Non-Patent Document 1 focuses on doping Mg in the barrier layer, this technique also does not focus on the doping concentration at the interface between the light emitting layer and the other semiconductor layer.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a light emitting device capable of improving external quantum efficiency by controlling the dopant concentration at the interface between the light emitting layer and another semiconductor layer.
- a first semiconductor layer of a first conductivity type, a second semiconductor layer of a second conductivity type different from the first conductivity type, and a first semiconductor layer side of the second semiconductor layer Provided between the carrier block layer and the light emitting layer, the light emitting layer provided between the first semiconductor layer and the carrier block layer, and the light emitting layer And a spacer layer for reducing the impurity concentration of the second conductivity type in the vicinity of the interface with the second semiconductor layer below the predetermined concentration.
- the spacer layer can control the impurity concentration of the second conductivity type in the vicinity of the interface to 1 ⁇ 10 17 cm ⁇ 3 or less.
- the light emitting layer is a quantum well layer in which the barrier layer and the well layer are alternately stacked, the spacer layer is in contact with the well layer, and the interface between the spacer layer and the well layer
- the impurity concentration of the second conductivity type may be 1 ⁇ 10 17 cm ⁇ 3 or less.
- the first semiconductor layer is provided on the semiconductor substrate, and the first semiconductor layer, the second semiconductor layer, the light emitting layer, the spacer layer, and the carrier block layer are AlGaN semiconductors. May be configured.
- the semiconductor substrate may be an AlN substrate, and the first semiconductor layer may be provided on the C surface of the AlN substrate.
- the impurity of the second conductivity type may be Mg, Zn, Ca, C, or Be.
- the light emitting device can provide a light emitting device capable of improving the external quantum efficiency by controlling the dopant concentration at the interface between the light emitting layer and another semiconductor layer.
- FIG. 1 shows an example of an outline of a cross section of a light emitting device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 shows an example of the outline
- the drawings described in this embodiment are merely schematic drawings, and the thickness, size, and the like of each semiconductor layer shown in the drawings do not necessarily reflect the actual thickness, size, and the like.
- the light emitting element 1 is formed mainly of, for example, a GaN-based or AlGaN-based III-V group compound semiconductor, and is a light emitting diode (Light Emitting Light) as a light emitting element that emits light in the deep ultraviolet region. Diode: LED or laser diode.
- the light emitting element 1 has, for example, a rectangular shape in plan view.
- the light emitting element 1 is provided on the substrate 10, the first semiconductor layer 20 of the first conductivity type provided on the substrate 10, the light emitting layer 30 provided on the first semiconductor layer 20, and the light emitting layer 30.
- Spacer layer 35 Spacer layer 35, a carrier block layer 40 provided on the spacer layer 35, and a second semiconductor layer 50 of a second conductivity type provided on the carrier block layer 40 and different from the first conductivity type; And a third semiconductor layer 52 provided on the second semiconductor layer 50.
- the other semiconductor layer when “the other semiconductor layer is provided on one semiconductor layer”, the embodiment in which the other semiconductor layer is provided directly on the one semiconductor layer and the one semiconductor layer A mode in which another semiconductor layer is provided between another semiconductor layer (that is, a mode in which another semiconductor layer is provided above one semiconductor layer) is included.
- the first electrode 60 provided in a partial region of the first semiconductor layer 20 opposite to the substrate 10 side, and the surface of the third semiconductor layer 52 opposite to the second semiconductor layer 50.
- a second electrode 65 provided in a partial area of
- the first semiconductor layer 20 includes a dopant as an impurity of the first conductivity type
- the second semiconductor layer 50 and the third semiconductor layer 52 each include a dopant of a second conductivity type different from the first conductivity type.
- the carrier block layer 40 is configured to include the dopant of the second conductivity type.
- the light emitting layer 30 is configured to have, for example, a quantum well layer including well layers and barrier layers alternately stacked.
- the spacer layer 35 is provided between the light emitting layer 30 and the carrier block layer 40, and adjusts the impurity concentration of the second conductivity type in the vicinity of the interface between the light emitting layer 30 and the spacer layer 35 to a predetermined concentration or less.
- the spacer layer 35 is provided in contact with the well layer on the side of the carrier block layer 40 of the light emitting layer 30, and the impurities from the carrier block layer 40 are the nearest to the carrier block layer 40. It has functions and configurations that do not substantially reach near or at the interface.
- the substrate 10 is a semiconductor substrate having a predetermined thickness and plane orientation, or a single crystal substrate such as sapphire.
- a semiconductor substrate for example, a silicon carbide (SiC) substrate, a gallium nitride (GaN) substrate, an aluminum nitride (AlN) substrate having high thermal conductivity, or the like can be used.
- the C-plane AlN substrate is used as the substrate 10 as an example for the purpose of preventing generation of crystal defects such as dislocations and stacking high quality semiconductor layers by using a lattice-matched substrate.
- the substrate 10 is made of a material such as sapphire having a lattice constant largely different from the lattice constant of the first semiconductor layer 20, a buffer layer can be provided between the substrate 10 and the first semiconductor layer 20.
- the first semiconductor layer 20, the light emitting layer 30, the spacer layer 35, the carrier block layer 40, the second semiconductor layer 50, and the third semiconductor layer 52 are stacked in this order, and each is configured mainly using a nitride compound semiconductor. Ru.
- These semiconductor layers are made of, for example, a compound semiconductor represented by Al x Ga 1 -xN (where 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1).
- the carrier block layer 40 is a semiconductor layer that suppresses carriers (for example, electrons) propagating from the first semiconductor layer 20 side from propagating to the second semiconductor layer 50 side.
- the first semiconductor layer 20 is formed of an AlGaN-based compound semiconductor containing an n-type dopant.
- the carrier block layer 40, the second semiconductor layer 50, and the third semiconductor layer 52 are formed of an AlGaN-based compound semiconductor containing a p-type dopant.
- the first semiconductor layer 20 is formed of Al x Ga 1-x N (where 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1) containing a predetermined concentration of n-type dopants such as Si and Se.
- the first semiconductor layer 20 is formed of an Al 0.75 Ga 0.25 N layer containing an n-type dopant.
- the concentration of the n-type dopant contained in the first semiconductor layer 20 is 1 ⁇ 10 17 cm ⁇ 3 or more and 5 ⁇ 10 20 cm ⁇ 3 or less.
- the carrier block layer 40 is formed of Al x Ga 1 -xN (where 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1) containing a predetermined concentration of a p-type dopant such as Mg, Zn, Ca, C, or Be.
- the carrier block layer 40 has a function of suppressing the propagation of carriers propagating from the first semiconductor layer 20 side to the second semiconductor layer 50 side, so the band gap is larger than that of other semiconductor layers. It is preferable to form using a material.
- the carrier block layer 40 is formed of AlN containing a p-type dopant.
- the concentration of the p-type dopant contained in the carrier block layer 40 is 1 ⁇ 10 18 cm ⁇ 3 or more and 5 ⁇ 10 20 cm ⁇ 3 or less.
- the second semiconductor layer 50 and the third semiconductor layer 52 are formed of Al x Ga 1 -xN (where 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1) containing a predetermined concentration of p-type dopant.
- the second semiconductor layer 50 has a function as a cladding layer
- the third semiconductor layer 52 has a function as a contact layer.
- the second semiconductor layer 50 is formed of Al 0.8 Ga 0.2 N containing a p-type dopant
- the third semiconductor layer 52 is formed of GaN containing a p-type dopant.
- the concentration of the p-type dopant contained in the second semiconductor layer 50 is 1 ⁇ 10 17 cm ⁇ 3 or more and 5 ⁇ 10 20 cm ⁇ 3 or less
- the concentration of the p-type dopant contained in the third semiconductor 52 is 1 ⁇ 10 17 cm ⁇ 3 or more and 5 ⁇ 10 20 cm ⁇ 3 or less.
- the light emitting layer 30 emits light of a predetermined range of wavelength when current is supplied from the outside.
- the light emitting layer 30 has a configuration for emitting light of a wavelength including a deep ultraviolet region (for example, light with a light emission peak wavelength of 200 nm or more and 350 nm or less).
- the light emitting layer 30 is formed between the first semiconductor layer 20 and the carrier block layer 40, specifically between the first semiconductor layer 20 and the spacer layer 35, such as a barrier layer (for example, the barrier layer 300) and a well. It has a quantum well structure in which layers (eg, well layers 302 and well layers 304) are alternately stacked.
- the light emitting layer 30 includes a pair of an Al 0.65 Ga 0.35 N layer as a barrier layer containing an n-type dopant and an Al 0.50 Ga 0.50 N layer as an undoped well layer. . Then, a spacer layer 35 made of undoped Al 0.65 Ga 0.35 N is formed between the carrier block layer 40 and the light emitting layer 30 as an example.
- the light emitting layer 30 may have a multiple quantum well structure (i.e., a structure in which a plurality of barrier layers and well layers are alternately stacked) including a plurality of pairs of barrier layers and well layers.
- concentration of the n-type dopant contained in the barrier layer is 1 ⁇ 10 17 cm ⁇ 3 or more and 5 ⁇ 10 20 cm ⁇ 3 or less.
- the barrier layer may or may not contain the n-type dopant.
- the “undoped” semiconductor layer is a semiconductor layer formed without positively adding a dopant in the manufacturing process, and does not exclude the inclusion of unavoidable impurities. .
- the diffusion from the carrier block layer 40 to the interface between the well layer 304 and the spacer layer 35 at the position closest to the carrier block layer 40 of the quantum well structure and the well layer 304 The p-type dopant is substantially not contained. That is, the spacer layer 35 has a function of retaining most of the dopant diffused from the carrier block layer 40 toward the well layer 304 in the spacer layer 35. In the p-type dopant doped in the carrier block layer 40, there is a p-type dopant that diffuses in the spacer layer 35 toward the well layer 304 side.
- the spacer layer 35 according to the present embodiment is formed by forming the spacer layer 35 and the respective semiconductor layers adjacent to the spacer layer 35 under predetermined growth conditions, so that the dopant diffused toward the well layer 304 is formed. It can be kept inside.
- the concentration profile of the p-type dopant in the carrier block layer 40, the spacer layer 35, and the well layer 304 (as well as the interface between the well layer 304 and the spacer layer 35) is adjusted.
- the spacer layer 35 as an undoped layer is formed so that the p-type dopant does not reach the interface substantially.
- the impurity concentration of the second conductivity type in the vicinity of the interface between the spacer layer 35 and the light emitting layer 30 (that is, the interface between the spacer layer 35 and the well layer 304) is controlled to 1 ⁇ 10 17 cm ⁇ 3 or less It is preferable to do.
- the spacer layer 35 is preferably formed to have a thickness similar to that of the carrier block layer 40 or thicker than the carrier block layer 40 and to be thicker than the well layer and the barrier layer of the light emitting layer 30.
- the first electrode 60 is formed of a material that forms an ohmic junction with the first semiconductor layer 20.
- the second electrode 65 is formed of a material that forms an ohmic junction with the third semiconductor layer 52.
- each of the first electrode 60 and the second electrode 65 includes an electrode layer made of a single material, or a combination of a plurality of electrode layers made of different materials in part.
- the first electrode 60 may form a Ti layer, an Al layer, and an Au layer having a predetermined thickness from the first semiconductor layer 20 side in this order. It consists of
- the third semiconductor layer 52 is a p-type semiconductor
- the second electrode 65 is configured by forming an Ni layer having a predetermined thickness from the third semiconductor layer 52 side and an Au layer in this order. Ru.
- the materials constituting the first electrode 60 and the second electrode 65 are not limited to these, and other metal materials and conductive oxides can be used as long as they are materials capable of ohmic junction with the first semiconductor layer 20 and the third semiconductor layer 52. Materials, and / or conductive polymer materials can also be used.
- FIG. 3 shows an outline of a part of an energy band diagram of a semiconductor layer constituting a light emitting element according to the present embodiment.
- FIG. 3 together with a conceptual band diagram 100 of a part of the semiconductor layer forming the light emitting element 1, an outline of the concentration profile 110 of the dopant is shown.
- FIG. 3 shows that the respective semiconductor layers are provided in the order of the part of the second semiconductor layer 50, the carrier block layer 40, the spacer layer 35, and the well layer 304 from the left side.
- the carrier block layer 40 in the carrier block layer 40, there is a region where the p-type dopant concentration is at a maximum in at least two layers of the carrier block layer 40 and the spacer layer 35. Then, the concentration gradually decreases from the carrier block layer 40 side toward the well layer 304 closest to the carrier block layer 40 in the thickness direction of the spacer layer 35.
- a p-type dopant is substantially formed in the interface between the spacer layer 35 and the well layer 304 or in the vicinity of the interface for the purpose of suppressing the subpeak light emission of the light emitting element 1 to improve the external quantum efficiency. It is preferable not to exist in the above, or to make the p-type dopant concentration at the interface extremely low (eg, make the impurity concentration 1 ⁇ 10 17 cm ⁇ 3 or less). In the process of forming each semiconductor layer after the carrier block layer, such a concentration profile 110 causes each semiconductor to have a predetermined dopant at a predetermined doping speed under a predetermined growth temperature reached by a rising / lowering profile at a predetermined growth temperature.
- an AlGaN-based semiconductor multilayer structure including a plurality of compound semiconductor layers is formed on the substrate 10 by, for example, metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD).
- MOCVD metal organic chemical vapor deposition
- the first semiconductor layer 20 having Al x Ga 1 -x N (where 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1.
- MOCVD a doped Al x Ga 1-x N by MOCVD
- organic metal compounds such as trimethylgallium (TMGa), triethylgallium (TEGa), trimethylaluminum (TMAl), triethylaluminum (TEAl), and ammonia (NH 3 ) can be used.
- triethylsilane (TESi) or the like can be used as a raw material of the n-type dopant.
- biscyclopentadienyl magnesium (Cp 2 Mg) or the like can be used as a p-type dopant material.
- hydrogen selenide H 2 Se
- disilane Si 2 H 6
- monosilane SiH 4
- diethyl tellurium DETe
- dimethyl tellurium DMTe
- H 2 Se hydrogen selenide
- disilane Si 2 H 6
- monosilane SiH 4
- diethyl tellurium DETe
- dimethyl tellurium DMTe
- Zn Zn as ap type dopant
- dimethyl zinc (DMZn) or diethyl zinc DEZn
- Hydrogen, nitrogen or the like can be used as the carrier gas.
- the semiconductor multilayer structure on the substrate 10 can also be formed by using another semiconductor layer forming method such as molecular beam epitaxy (MBE).
- MBE molecular beam epitaxy
- the semiconductor laminated structure formed on the substrate 10 is heat-treated under a predetermined atmosphere at a predetermined temperature for a predetermined time.
- a photoresist pattern having an opening for exposing a part of the surface of the third semiconductor layer 52 of the semiconductor multilayer structure is formed by photolithography.
- an etching process is performed on the opening.
- the etching process can be performed using wet etching and / or dry etching (eg, reactive ion etching).
- an etching process is performed until the surface of the 1st semiconductor layer 20 is exposed from the surface of the 3rd semiconductor layer 52 corresponding to an opening part, and the etching processed semiconductor lamination structure is formed.
- the photoresist pattern is removed by cleaning the etched semiconductor laminated structure.
- a photoresist pattern having an opening of a predetermined shape is formed in a predetermined region of the surface of the first semiconductor layer 20 exposed to the outside, using photolithography.
- the first electrode 60 is formed in the opening using a vacuum evaporation method (for example, a resistance heating method, an electron beam evaporation method, a sputtering method, or the like).
- the etched semiconductor laminated structure on which the first electrode 60 is formed is subjected to a predetermined temperature at a predetermined temperature for a predetermined time under an inert atmosphere or an active atmosphere.
- a semiconductor multilayer structure having the first electrode 60 is formed.
- a photoresist pattern having an opening of a predetermined shape is formed in a predetermined region of the surface of the third semiconductor layer 52 of the semiconductor multilayer structure having the first electrode 60.
- the second electrode 65 is formed using a vacuum evaporation method in the same manner as the formation of the first electrode 60.
- the photoresist pattern used for forming the second electrode 65 is removed, and after cleaning, the semiconductor laminated structure on which the second electrode 65 is formed is annealed for a predetermined time at a predetermined temperature in an active atmosphere or an inert atmosphere. As a result, a wafer having a light emitting element structure is formed.
- the light emitting device 1 is manufactured by cutting the obtained wafer into a rectangular shape of a predetermined size using an apparatus such as a dicing apparatus for cutting a wafer.
- the conductivity type of the compound semiconductor layer constituting each of the semiconductor layers can be opposite to that in the present embodiment.
- the first conductivity type may be p-type and the second conductivity type may be n-type.
- the ultraviolet light is controlled by controlling the composition of the compound semiconductor constituting the light emitting layer 30 and / or the quantum well structure.
- a light emitting element which emits light of a wavelength corresponding to light different from deep ultraviolet light such as light, blue light, and green light can also be formed.
- the light emitting layer 30 can also be formed from an active layer doped with undoped or a predetermined dopant, a single quantum well structure, or a multiple quantum well structure.
- planar shape of the light emitting element 1 is not limited to the above embodiment.
- the planar dimension of the light emitting element 1 is designed so that the longitudinal dimension is shorter than the lateral dimension, the shape of the light emitting element 1 in a plan view becomes substantially rectangular.
- the light emitting diode structure has been described as an example in the present embodiment, it is also possible to form a semiconductor laser having a semiconductor laminated structure according to the present embodiment.
- the dopant is not substantially present at the interface between the well layer 304 closest to the carrier block layer 40 and the spacer layer 35, or controlled to a predetermined impurity concentration.
- the external quantum efficiency of the light emitting element 1 can be improved.
- Example 1 a light emitting device having the following structure was manufactured as well as the light emitting device 1 manufactured in the manufacturing process according to the embodiment of the present invention as shown in FIG.
- a C-plane AlN substrate having a side of 7 mm square and a thickness of 500 ⁇ m was prepared.
- the AlN substrate was set in the MOCVD apparatus.
- an Al 0.75 Ga 0.25 N layer having a thickness of 1.0 ⁇ m and doped with Si was formed as the first semiconductor layer 20 on the AlN substrate by the MOCVD method (however, The Si concentration is 1 ⁇ 10 19 cm ⁇ 3 ).
- a quantum well layer having a barrier layer and a well layer as a light emitting layer 30 was formed.
- the barrier layer has a thickness of 7 nm and forms an Al 0.65 Ga 0.35 N layer doped with Si
- the well layer has a thickness of 4 nm and an undoped Al 0. .5 Ga 0.5 N layer was formed (provided that the Si concentration of the barrier layer is 1 ⁇ 10 18 cm -3 ).
- the quantum well layer is configured to include three well layers and three barrier layers. That is, three pairs of the barrier layer and the well layer were formed from the side of the first semiconductor layer 20. Each barrier layer had the same composition and thickness. Similarly, each well layer was identical in composition and thickness.
- the spacer layer 35 was formed on the light emitting layer 30. As the spacer layer 35, an undoped Al 0.65 Ga 0.35 N layer having a thickness of 20 nm was formed.
- a Mg-doped AlN layer having a thickness of 15 nm was formed as the carrier block layer 40 on the spacer layer 35 (however, the Mg concentration is 5 ⁇ 10 19 cm ⁇ 3 , AlN The band gap of is 6.00 eV.).
- an Al 0.80 Ga 0.20 N layer having a thickness of 35 nm and doped with Mg was formed as the second semiconductor layer 50 on the carrier block layer 40 (provided that the Mg concentration is 5 ⁇ 10 7). 19 cm -3 ).
- the second semiconductor layer 50 is a semiconductor layer that functions as a p-type cladding layer.
- a GaN layer having a thickness of 70 nm and doped with Mg was formed as the third semiconductor layer 52 on the second semiconductor layer 50 (provided that the Mg concentration is 2 ⁇ 10 19 cm ⁇ 3 , , The band gap of GaN is 3.40 eV).
- the third semiconductor layer 52 is a semiconductor layer that functions as a p-type contact layer.
- the semiconductor multilayer structure was formed on the AlN substrate (hereinafter, simply referred to as "semiconductor multilayer structure").
- the light emitting element structure was heat-treated at 900 ° C. for 20 minutes in a nitrogen atmosphere. Then, a photoresist pattern having an opening of a predetermined shape was formed on the surface of the third semiconductor layer 52 (that is, the p-type contact layer) by photolithography. Next, reactive ion etching was performed on the opening until the surface of the first semiconductor layer 20 was exposed. Thereafter, the first electrode 60 was formed on the surface of the first semiconductor layer 20 by vacuum evaporation.
- a Ti layer (with a thickness of 20 nm), an Al layer (with a thickness of 200 nm), and an Au layer (with a thickness of 5 nm)
- a Ti layer (with a thickness of 20 nm)
- an Al layer (with a thickness of 200 nm)
- an Au layer (with a thickness of 5 nm)
- heat treatment was performed on the semiconductor multilayer structure in which the first electrode 60 was formed, at 810 ° C. for 1 minute in a nitrogen atmosphere.
- the second electrode 65 was formed on the surface of the third semiconductor layer 52 by vacuum evaporation. Specifically, the second electrode 65 is formed in this order from the third semiconductor layer 52 side by forming a Ni layer (however, the thickness is 20 nm) and an Au layer (however, the thickness is 50 nm). Formed. Then, heat treatment was performed on the semiconductor multilayer structure in which the second electrode 65 was formed under conditions of 550 ° C. for 3 minutes in an oxygen atmosphere. Thus, a wafer having a light emitting structure was manufactured.
- a nitride semiconductor light emitting device according to Example 1 was manufactured by cutting a 700 ⁇ m square chip from the wafer using a dicing apparatus.
- each semiconductor layer is evaluated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray analysis by transmission electron microscope (Transmission Electron Microscope-Energy Dispersive X-ray spectrometry: TEM-EDX), and 3 A three dimensional atom probe method (3 Dimensional Atom Probe: 3DAP) was used.
- XRD X-ray diffraction
- TEM-EDX Transmission Electron Microscope-Energy Dispersive X-ray spectrometry
- 3DAP Three dimensional atom probe method
- the evaluation of the dopant concentration of each semiconductor layer was performed using a secondary ion mass spectrometer (SIMS).
- SIMS secondary ion mass spectrometer
- PL method photoluminescence method
- the Mg concentration at the interface between the final well layer (ie, the well layer 304 closest to the carrier block layer) and the spacer layer 35 was evaluated.
- the Mg concentration at the interface is 4.36 ⁇ 10 16 cm ⁇ 3 , which indicates that Mg as a dopant does not substantially reach the interface. It was done.
- the external quantum efficiency of the light emitting element 1 is determined in proportion to the product of the internal quantum efficiency and the injection efficiency.
- the internal quantum efficiency depends on the crystal quality of the light emitting layer (for example, the well layer constituting the quantum well), and when the crystal quality of the light emitting layer is high, the internal quantum efficiency is higher than when the crystal quality is low.
- the injection efficiency depends on the design of the LED itself, such as the dopant concentration of the n-type layer, the p-type layer, the composition, and the film thickness. As a result, in the same structure, the external quantum efficiency of the light emitting element 1 is also improved by the increase of the internal quantum efficiency.
- the reason why the external quantum efficiency decreases with the decrease in crystal quality of the light emitting layer is considered to be due to an increase in non-emission transition in crystal defects generated due to the decrease in crystal quality. Then, when the emission wavelength of the light emitting element 1 is analyzed, the increase of the non-emission transition is observed by the increase of the intensity of the subpeak emission in a wavelength range different from the main peak wavelength. At the same time, as the subpeak emission intensity increases, a decrease in emission intensity at the main peak wavelength is observed. Thus, as the intensity of sub-peak emission increases, the external quantum efficiency decreases.
- light emitting devices according to Example 2 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4 were manufactured.
- the light emitting devices according to Example 2 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4 have substantially the same structure as the light emitting device 1 according to Example 1 except that the Mg concentration at the interface between the final well layer and the spacer layer 35 is changed. Equipped with
- FIG. 4 is a view showing the relationship between the intensity of sub-peak emission and the Mg concentration in the light emitting device according to the example and the light emitting device according to the comparative example.
- the X axis indicates the Mg concentration at the interface between the final well layer and the spacer layer 35
- the Y axis indicates the intensity of the subpeak emission (when driving at 10 mA. The unit is au).
- Table 1 shows the Mg concentration and the subpeak intensity at the interface for each of the example and the comparative example.
- the subpeak intensity also tends to increase. That is, it was shown that when the Mg concentration at the interface is increased, the non-emission transition of the light emitting element is increased and the external quantum efficiency is decreased. In other words, it is shown that the external quantum efficiency of the light emitting device can be improved by not causing Mg as a dopant to reach the interface substantially from the carrier block layer (or not causing the dopant to substantially exist at the interface). It was done.
- the intensity of the subpeak emission can be significantly suppressed. It has been shown that the external quantum efficiency of the light emitting device is greatly improved (at least the subpeak intensity is less than or equal to "2 (au)").
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Abstract
Description
図1は、本発明の実施の形態に係る発光素子の断面の概要の一例を示す。また、図2は、本発明の実施の形態に係る発光層近傍の断面の概要の一例を示す。なお、本実施の形態において説明する図はあくまでも概要図であり、各図に示す各半導体層の厚さ、及びサイズ等は、実際の厚さ及びサイズ等を反映しているとは限らない。
本実施の形態に係る発光素子1は、例えば、主としてGaN系、若しくはAlGaN系のIII-V族化合物半導体を用いて構成され、深紫外領域の光を放射する発光素子としての発光ダイオード(Light Emitting Diode:LED)あるいはレーザダイオードである。発光素子1は、一例として、平面視にて矩形状を有する。発光素子1は、基板10と、基板10の上に設けられる第1導電型の第1半導体層20と、第1半導体層20の上に設けられる発光層30と、発光層30の上に設けられるスペーサー層35と、スペーサー層35の上に設けられるキャリアブロック層40と、キャリアブロック層40の上に設けられ、第1導電型とは異なる第2導電型の第2半導体層50と、第2半導体層50の上に設けられる第3半導体層52とを備える。
一例として、第1導電型がn型であり、第2導電型がp型である例を説明する。
基板10は、予め定められた厚さ及び面方位を有する半導体基板、若しくはサファイア等の単結晶基板である。例えば、基板10として半導体基板を用いる場合、炭化ケイ素(SiC)基板、窒化ガリウム(GaN)基板、又は高熱伝導性を有する窒化アルミニウム(AlN)基板等を用いることができる。本実施の形態では、格子整合する基板を用いることで転位等の結晶欠陥の発生を防ぎ、高品質な半導体層を積層する事を目的として、一例として、C面のAlN基板を基板10として用いる。なお、基板10にサファイア等の第1半導体層20の格子定数とは大きく異なる格子定数を有する材料を用いる場合、基板10と第1半導体層20との間にバッファ層を設けることもできる。
第1半導体層20、発光層30、スペーサー層35、キャリアブロック層40、第2半導体層50、及び第3半導体層52はこの順に積層され、それぞれ、主として窒化物系化合物半導体を用いて構成される。これらの半導体層は、例えば、AlxGa1-xN(ただし、0≦x≦1)で表される化合物半導体から構成される。ここで、キャリアブロック層40は、第1半導体層20側から伝搬してくるキャリア(例えば、電子)が第2半導体層50側に伝搬することを抑制する半導体層である。
第1電極60は、第1半導体層20にオーミック接合する材料から形成される。同様に、第2電極65は、第3半導体層52にオーミック接合する材料から形成される。また、第1電極60及び第2電極65はそれぞれ、単一材料から構成される電極層、又は一部が異なる材料から構成される複数の電極層の組合せを含んで構成される。
以下、本実施の形態に係る発光素子1の製造方法の一例を説明する。
本実施の形態に係る発光素子1は、キャリアブロック層40に最も近い側の井戸層304とスペーサー層35との界面にドーパントを実質的に存在させないこと、若しくは予め定められた不純物濃度に制御することで、発光素子1の外部量子効率を向上させることができる。
10 基板
20 第1半導体層
30 発光層
35 スペーサー層
40 キャリアブロック層
50 第2半導体層
52 第3半導体層
60 第1電極
65 第2電極
100 バンド図
110 濃度プロファイル
300 障壁層
302 井戸層
304 井戸層
Claims (6)
- 第1導電型の第1半導体層と、
前記第1導電型とは異なる第2導電型の第2半導体層と、
前記第2半導体層の前記第1半導体層側に設けられ、前記第2導電型の不純物を含むキャリアブロック層と、
前記第1半導体層と前記キャリアブロック層との間に設けられる発光層と、
前記キャリアブロック層と前記発光層との間に設けられ、前記発光層との界面近傍の前記第2導電型の不純物濃度を予め定められた濃度以下にするスペーサー層と
を備える窒化物系半導体発光素子。 - 前記スペーサー層が、前記界面近傍の前記第2導電型の不純物濃度を1×1017cm-3以下に制御する請求項1に記載の窒化物系半導体発光素子。
- 前記発光層が、障壁層と井戸層とが交互に積層される量子井戸層であり、
前記スペーサー層が、前記井戸層に接し、前記スペーサー層と前記井戸層との界面の前記第2導電型の不純物濃度が1×1017cm-3以下である請求項1又は2に記載の窒化物系半導体発光素子。 - 前記第1半導体層が、半導体基板の上に設けられ、
前記第1半導体層、前記第2半導体層、前記発光層、及び前記キャリアブロック層が、AlGaN系半導体を含んで構成される請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の窒化物系半導体発光素子。 - 前記半導体基板が、AlN基板であり、
前記第1半導体層が、前記AlN基板のC面上に設けられる請求項4に記載の窒化物系半導体発光素子。 - 前記第2導電型の不純物が、Mg、Zn、Ca、C、又はBeである請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の窒化物系半導体発光素子。
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