WO2016084209A1 - Dispositif d'évaluation et procédé d'évaluation de procédé de forgeage à chaud et procédé de fabrication d'un produit forgé - Google Patents

Dispositif d'évaluation et procédé d'évaluation de procédé de forgeage à chaud et procédé de fabrication d'un produit forgé Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016084209A1
WO2016084209A1 PCT/JP2014/081462 JP2014081462W WO2016084209A1 WO 2016084209 A1 WO2016084209 A1 WO 2016084209A1 JP 2014081462 W JP2014081462 W JP 2014081462W WO 2016084209 A1 WO2016084209 A1 WO 2016084209A1
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Prior art keywords
thermocouple
temperature
temperature history
measuring unit
hot forging
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PCT/JP2014/081462
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
浅川　洋平
田中　秀明
舘村　誠
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株式会社日立製作所
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Priority to PCT/JP2014/081462 priority Critical patent/WO2016084209A1/fr
Priority to JP2016561173A priority patent/JP6232507B2/ja
Publication of WO2016084209A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016084209A1/fr

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
    • B21J5/02—Die forging; Trimming by making use of special dies ; Punching during forging

Definitions

  • the present invention is a hot press working technique in which a metal material heated to a high temperature is formed using a mold, and the unsteady history of the mold surface temperature is accurately measured to control whether the press work is properly performed.
  • the present invention relates to a hot forging process evaluation apparatus and evaluation method, and a method for producing a forged product.
  • press processing a processing method in which a material is plastically deformed using a mold is generally called press processing or plastic processing.
  • press processing a method of processing at a temperature of 800 ° C. or higher is called hot processing when processing at a high temperature where the deformation resistance of the material is reduced, for example, processing of an iron-based material.
  • Press work can be broadly divided into two types, one for processing plate materials and one for processing bulk materials, and the latter is called forging. Since forging gives a large deformation to metal, hot forging in which the metal material is heated and formed at a temperature higher than the recrystallization temperature in order to reduce the deformation resistance of the metal material is often performed for forging of large products.
  • the purpose of hot forging is not only to reduce the molding load.
  • shrinkage cavities are generated in the inside or crystal grains are coarse, so that the strength reliability is inferior as it is.
  • the internal shrinkage can be eliminated by applying a large deformation to this by hot forging.
  • the crystal grains are refined by processing heat treatment by forging. This is called crystal grain refinement by recrystallization. Fine crystal grains prevent the development of cracks and improve the toughness of the material.
  • Refinement by recrystallization is carried out by generating new grain boundaries so as to absorb dislocations by using the elastic energy of dislocations introduced in large quantities in the crystal as a result of large deformation. Since grain boundaries also have energy, fine crystal grains are energetically metastable, and the crystal grain size gradually grows when held at high temperatures. Therefore, the processing temperature greatly affects the recrystallized structure. Therefore, in order to obtain a material having a desired crystal grain size, it is important to strictly control the temperature by forging.
  • control of the material temperature within a range of about 10 ° C. is required.
  • Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent No. 4579820
  • an input unit for inputting temperature measurement data of at least two points measured by a temperature sensor embedded in a mold or a mold, and an unsteady heat transfer inverse problem analysis is performed from the input temperature measurement data.
  • a calculating unit that calculates the temperature on the operating surface (mold surface) of the mold or mold, and a determination unit that determines the operating state of the mold or mold based on the calculated temperature on the movable surface.
  • a device that determines the operating state of the working surface of a mold or mold.
  • Patent Document 2 states that “the thermocouple calibration covers a temperature range of 100 ° C. to 1600 ° C. in one furnace, and a comparison is made at an arbitrary temperature point in that temperature range. To enable calibration, the furnace temperature is controlled by directly energizing the heating element of an electric furnace composed of a platinum or platinum alloy tube, and the thermocouples Zn, Al, Ag, Au, Cu, Pd Thermocouple calibration furnace and calibration method for calibrating the fixed point of the wire by the wire method "are described.
  • Non-Patent Document 1 states that “a set of thermoelectric sensors in a temperature sensor block embedded in the roll surface in order to elucidate the heat transfer phenomenon to the roll during rolling and to elucidate optimum lubrication and coolant conditions. A method and a measurement system are described in which a pair is attached and the temperatures of two locations having different depths are detected, and the temperature of the roll surface and the heat flux during the rolling are actually measured.
  • the temperature of the working surface of the mold or mold is calculated by inverse analysis of unsteady heat conduction from the signal of the thermometer embedded in the mold or the surface temperature of the mold or mold. The method is adopted. Also in Non-Patent Document 1, the temperature at two locations with different depths are detected from temperature sensors embedded in the surface of the rolling roll, and the temperature and heat flux of the roll surface are detected by inverse analysis of unsteady heat conduction. Changes are calculated.
  • the depth from the die (roll) surface of the temperature measuring instrument affects the accuracy of the reverse analysis, but there is no mention of the calibration of the temperature measuring instrument depth.
  • ⁇ is temperature conductivity
  • t is time.
  • thermocouple calibration method using the thermocouple calibration furnace disclosed in Patent Document 2 all fixed points of the thermocouple can be calibrated efficiently in a short time.
  • it since there is no configuration that reproduces the heat transfer state from the forging material to the mold, in order to accurately measure the mold surface temperature history in the hot forging process to be solved by the present invention, It cannot be used as a means for calibrating the depth of the thermocouple from the surface portion matched with the mold surface of the temperature measuring device embedded in the mold.
  • the present invention provides, for example, a contact surface between a forging material and a mold in order to realize strict temperature control such as aligning the crystal grain size of a recrystallized structure of a processed product processed in a hot forging process within a desired range.
  • a temperature measuring unit for accurately measuring the temperature history of an observation point at a very close distance (depth) from the mold surface, and a calibration means for previously calibrating the depth of a thermocouple provided in the temperature measuring unit Provides a hot forging process evaluation device that collects thermocouple temperature history data from a temperature measuring unit embedded in a forging die, calculates die surface temperature history data, and performs quality control of the forged product To do.
  • a hot forging process evaluation device is a calibration device that reproduces the heat conduction of hot forging in advance to a temperature measuring unit in which a thermocouple is metal-bonded to a predetermined depth.
  • a thermocouple depth calibration processing unit that calibrates and records the thermocouple depth from the mold surface and the temperature measuring unit are embedded in the forged mold surface, and in the hot forging process for the forging material, the measurement is performed.
  • Thermocouple temperature history data recording processing unit that collects and records thermocouple temperature history data measured from the thermocouple of the temperature unit, based on the thermocouple temperature history data and the thermocouple depth calibration value, unsteady Based on the die surface temperature history calculation unit for calculating the die surface temperature history data by the inverse heat conduction analysis, the die surface temperature history data, and the hot forging process pass / fail judgment criteria, the forged product and the forging process Constructed by a hot forging process nondefective determination unit that outputs a quality determination.
  • the thermocouple depth calibration processing unit includes a head surface of a temperature measuring unit in which a thermocouple is metal-bonded to a predetermined depth.
  • a thermocouple temperature measured from a thermocouple installed on the adhesion surface of the low-melting-point metal material, and a thermocouple of the temperature-measurement unit The thermocouple depth from the mold surface was calibrated from the history data and recorded in the storage unit.
  • the mold surface temperature history calculation unit includes a thermocouple A having a different embedding depth for each of the recorded temperature measuring units, The thermocouple temperature history data of the thermocouple B and the thermocouple depth calibration value of the thermometer unit are also read and the embedded values of the thermocouple A and thermocouple B are read as the values of the thermocouple A.
  • the temperature history of the mold surface coinciding with the head surface was calculated by solving the inverse problem of one-dimensional unsteady heat conduction.
  • the temperature measurement unit in which a thermocouple is metal-bonded to a predetermined depth is previously calibrated to reproduce the heat conduction of hot forging.
  • the thermocouple depth calibration step for calibrating and recording the thermocouple depth from the mold surface, and the temperature measuring unit is embedded in the forged mold surface, in the hot forging process for the forging material, Based on the thermocouple temperature history data recording step for collecting and recording thermocouple temperature history data measured from the thermocouple of the temperature measuring unit, the thermocouple temperature history data, and the thermocouple depth calibration value.
  • the mold surface temperature history calculation step for calculating the mold surface temperature history data by inverse heat conduction analysis, the mold surface temperature history data, and the hot forging process pass / fail judgment criteria, Goods, and to have a hot forging process quality determining step of outputting the quality determination of the appropriate forging process.
  • the mold surface temperature can be accurately measured by the temperature measuring unit inserted in the hot forging mold.
  • the prediction accuracy of the die life is improved, and the surface temperature history of the processed product after hot forging is accurately measured to control the hot forging process and the quality control of the hot forged product. Can be performed with higher accuracy.
  • thermocouple attached to the contact surface of the calibration punch of the temperature measuring unit calibration device. It is sectional drawing of the surface thermocouple attached to the contact surface of the calibration punch of a temperature measuring unit calibration apparatus. It is the example which showed on the graph the temperature history of each thermocouple at the time of reproducing the heat transfer state similar to hot forging in the temperature measuring unit calibration apparatus.
  • the outline of the embodiment of the hot forging process evaluation system of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.
  • the material 1 to be forged is processed by a lower die 2 attached to a bolster (not shown) of a press (not shown) and an upper die 3 attached to a slide (not shown).
  • the lower mold 2 and the upper mold 3 are collectively referred to as a mold 4.
  • a temperature measuring unit 5 is embedded in the surface of the mold 4 that contacts the material 1.
  • each pair of thermocouples 6 is metal-bonded at two different depths from the mold surface.
  • thermocouple temperature conversion unit 7 The voltage signals emitted from the two thermocouples 6 of each temperature measuring unit 5 are sent to the thermocouple temperature conversion unit 7 where the thermocouple temperature conversion unit 7 converts the voltage into temperature, and the thermocouple temperature history data is hot. It is sent to the forging process evaluation device 100.
  • Configuration of Hot Forging Process Evaluation Apparatus 100 The hot forging process evaluation device 100 loads each program (not shown) stored in the storage unit 120 and executes it by the CPU of the calculation unit 110, whereby the thermocouple depth calibration processing unit is added to the calculation unit 110.
  • thermocouple temperature history data record processing unit 112 thermocouple temperature history data record processing unit 112, mold surface temperature history calculation unit 113, and hot forging process quality determination unit 114.
  • thermocouple depth calibration processing unit 111 embeds the temperature measuring unit 5 in the mold 4
  • the depth of the contact of the thermocouple 6 joined to the temperature measuring unit 5 is located from the mold surface. This is measured in advance using a calibration jig, a thermocouple depth calibration value is calculated from the measurement value, and stored in the thermocouple depth calibration value storage area 121 of the storage unit 120.
  • thermocouple temperature history data recording processing unit 112 performs a predetermined sampling time from the thermocouples 6 of all the temperature measuring units 5 embedded in the mold over the entire process of the hot forging process of the material 1.
  • the obtained thermocouple temperature history data is received from the thermocouple temperature conversion unit 7 and recorded in the thermocouple temperature history data storage area 124 of the storage unit 120.
  • the mold surface temperature history calculation unit 113 reads the thermocouple temperature history data 124, the mold surface temperature calculation coefficient 122, and the thermocouple depth calibration value 121 to solve the inverse problem of one-dimensional unsteady heat conduction. Then, the temperature of the mold surface in which the temperature measuring unit 5 is embedded is calculated and recorded in the mold surface temperature history database 125 of the storage unit 120.
  • the hot forging process pass / fail judgment unit 114 reads the mold surface temperature history database 125 and the hot forging process pass / fail judgment standard 123 in the storage unit 120, calculates various feature amount data, and indicates the transition / trend thereof by the user. Provide to the interface.
  • the hot forging process pass / fail judgment unit 114 performs a pass / fail judgment process for the forged product, displays the judgment result on the display unit 21, and instructs the work product selection process via the network 8. Send.
  • the operation unit 20 of the hot forging process evaluation apparatus 100 includes a display unit 21, a keyboard 22, a mouse 23, and the like.
  • the operation unit 20 is connected to the hot forging process evaluation apparatus 100 via the communication unit 130, and the user communicates with the hot forging process evaluation apparatus 100 by operating the keyboard 22 and the mouse 23, and the display unit 21 has a mold.
  • the surface temperature history data 125, the thermocouple temperature history data 124, and the thermocouple depth calibration value 121 can be displayed. Further, the result of statistical processing of a plurality of mold surface temperature history data stored in the mold surface temperature history database 125 is displayed.
  • ⁇ Structure of temperature measuring unit 5 >> The structure of the temperature measuring unit 5 will be described with reference to FIGS. 2 and 3. FIG.
  • the mold 4 is provided with holes for a temperature measuring unit mounting portion 24, a thermocouple introduction portion 25, and a relief processing portion 26.
  • the temperature measuring unit mounting portion 24 is obtained by removing the same shape so as to accommodate the temperature measuring unit head 27.
  • the thermocouple introduction part 25 has a smaller diameter than the temperature measurement unit mounting part 24. This is to form a surface that receives pressure applied to the temperature measuring unit head 27 by forging, and is desirably less than half the diameter of the temperature measuring unit mounting portion 24.
  • the relief processing portion 26 is performing a large-diameter hole processing.
  • the surface of the temperature measuring unit head 27 exposed to the outside air is referred to as a temperature measuring unit head surface 28.
  • the temperature measuring unit head surface 28 is on the same plane or curved surface as the surface of the mold.
  • FIG. 3 (a) shows an enlarged front view of the temperature measuring unit 5 in which the temperature detection point of one thermocouple 6 is joined to the side surface of the temperature measuring unit head 27.
  • the temperature measuring unit 5 includes a temperature measuring unit head 27 and two sets of thermocouples 6.
  • the temperature measuring unit head 27 is made of the same material as that of the upper die 3 and the lower die 2 (for example, SKD61). This is to make the state of heat conduction from the temperature measuring unit head surface 28 to the temperature detection point of the thermocouple 6 the same for both the upper die 3 and the lower die 2.
  • the temperature measuring unit head 27 is used to make the heat conduction state the same as that of the overlay. It is desirable to use a Ni-base heat-resistant alloy as the material.
  • FIG. 3B is a perspective view of the welded portion of the thermocouple 6 to the temperature measuring unit head 27.
  • the thermocouple 6 is metal-bonded to the temperature measuring unit head bonding surface 29 on the side surface of the temperature measuring unit head 27. This joint location is referred to as a joint portion (temperature detection point) 30.
  • the temperature measuring unit head joint surface 29 is a surface parallel to the temperature measuring unit head surface 28.
  • the type of thermocouple is a K thermocouple, the chromel (trade name) wire 31 and the alumel (trade name) wire 32 are separately joined to the temperature measuring unit head joint surface 29.
  • the joining method employs a method such as resistance welding or ultrasonic joining that has a small melting portion due to heat, and laser welding to reduce the heat transfer resistance between the temperature measuring unit head 27 and the thermocouple 6.
  • the method of welding a wide range is selected as appropriate.
  • FIG. 3 (c) shows a cross-sectional view taken along the line CC in FIG. 3 (a).
  • the distance from the temperature measuring unit head surface 28 to the joint 30 is a distance A and a distance B.
  • thermocouple A33 the thermocouple at the distance A
  • thermocouple B34 the thermocouple at the distance B
  • the distance A and the distance B are different sizes, and both are about twice as large. The difference is desirable.
  • the distance A and the distance B are about 0.1 mm in the temperature measurement of mass-produced products manufactured at several tens of pieces per minute such as automobile parts. Further, in the case of a large part such as an aircraft engine part, since the processing time is long, if the response speed can be sacrificed somewhat, the distance A and the distance B can be allowed to be around 1 mm. However, the accuracy of the distance A and the distance B is important in order to affect the accuracy of inverse analysis of the mold surface temperature history data 125 from the thermocouple temperature history data 124. In this embodiment, the time resolution is set to about 0.1 seconds, and the case where the design value of the distance A is 0.5 mm and the design value of the distance B is 1.0 mm was examined.
  • thermocouple temperature history data 124 of the pair of thermocouples 6.
  • the distance from the temperature measuring unit head surface 28 to the junction 30 of the thermocouple 6 is about 0.1 to several mm, and the accuracy of the distance is important for the two pairs of thermocouples 6. Same as the case. Further, it is possible to further increase the number of thermocouples and perform reverse analysis based on the thermocouple temperature history data 124. Also in this case, it is important that the distance to the junction 30 of the thermocouple 6 is accurately grasped.
  • thermocouple 6 of each temperature measuring unit 5 extends to the outside of the mold 4 through the thermocouple introduction part 25 processed into the mold 4 and the escape processing part 26 and is connected to the thermocouple temperature conversion part 7. Yes. Between the thermocouple temperature conversion part 7 and each thermocouple 6, you may use the cheap compensation conducting wire which has the electromotive force similar to a thermocouple in a low temperature area
  • the thermocouple temperature converter 7 converts the voltage signal of the thermocouple 6 into temperature.
  • the converted temperature data is received by the thermocouple temperature history data recording processing unit 112 and stored in the thermocouple temperature history data storage area 124.
  • thermocouple temperature history data storage area 124 is mounted on all temperature measuring units 5 embedded in the mold 4 for each time resolution from the start point to the end point of the hot forging process of one material 1.
  • the thermocouple temperature history data of thermocouple A33 and thermocouple B34 are stored.
  • Die surface temperature calculation method> The mold surface temperature history calculation unit 113 uses the thermocouple temperature history data of the thermocouple A33 and the thermocouple B34 having different embedding depths for each temperature measurement unit 5 recorded in the thermocouple temperature history data storage area 124.
  • the surface temperature of the mold 4 in which the temperature measuring unit 5 is embedded in the mold 4 and the temperature measuring unit head surface 28 and the mold surface are set to the same plane is calculated, and the mold surface temperature history database 125 is calculated. Record.
  • the calculation method uses Shoji's formula that solves the inverse problem of one-dimensional unsteady heat conduction employed in Non-Patent Document 1.
  • ⁇ 1 to 6 6 are coefficients determined by the sampling interval ⁇ t and the depths A and B.
  • x 1 is the actual measured value corresponding to the depth of the design value A (distance shown in FIG. 3 (c) A), x 2 also depth of the design value B (FIG. 3 ( It is an actually measured value corresponding to the distance B) shown in c).
  • ⁇ is the temperature conductivity
  • the coefficient ⁇ is calculated using Equation 8
  • the coefficient ⁇ is calculated using Equation 9.
  • Br is the Bernoulli number.
  • thermocouple 6 Since the values of the depths x 1 and x 2 are used to calculate the coefficients 1 1 to 6 6 and ⁇ and ⁇ in Equation 1 , in order to obtain the mold surface temperature history data 125 with high accuracy, x with high accuracy is used. value of 1 and x 2 are important. However, the joint 30 shown in FIG. 3B requires fine processing, and there is a large relative variation with respect to the distances A and B shown in FIG. When the temperature measuring unit 5 to which the thermocouple 6 is bonded is cut and observed, the thermocouple 6 is bonded not only to the temperature measuring unit head bonding surface 29 but also to the temperature measuring unit head side surface 35 perpendicular thereto. There is. In this case, longer than the distance x 1 (measured value) of the distance A (the design value), accuracy of inverse analysis fall.
  • FIG. 4 shows a temperature measuring unit calibration device 36.
  • the temperature measuring unit 5 is housed in a calibration punch 37 made of the same material (for example, SKD61) as the mold material or the temperature measuring unit head 27.
  • the temperature measuring unit 5 is inserted from the contact surface 38 of the calibration punch 37.
  • the diameter of the temperature measuring unit insertion hole opened in the calibration punch 37 is a clearance fit that allows the stored temperature measuring unit 5 to move smoothly.
  • the fitting tolerance of the diameter of the temperature measuring unit head 27 is m6, and the fitting tolerance of the hole formed in the calibration punch 37 is E7.
  • the temperature measuring unit 5 can be extracted after being calibrated and inserted into the mold 4 again. Since the tolerance of the calibration punch 37 is a clearance fit, the temperature measuring unit 5 may fall off during calibration if it remains as it is. At the time of calibration, it is fixed from the side using a retaining screw (not shown).
  • the fitting of the hole dimensions of the temperature measuring unit mounting portion 24 is set to H7 represented by the JIS standard to measure the temperature.
  • the insertion of the unit 5 requires press-fitting and does not drop during use without using a retaining screw.
  • a surface thermocouple 39 is bonded to the contact surface 38 of the calibration punch 37.
  • the calibration punch 37 is coupled to the support member 41 via the heat insulating material 40.
  • the support member 41 is joined to a movable device (not shown) such as a hydraulic press (not shown) or a hydraulic cylinder (not shown).
  • a heating die 42 is fixed to the lower part of the temperature measuring unit calibration device 36, and a heater 43 is inserted into the heating die 42 so that the heating die can be heated to a predetermined temperature. .
  • a low melting point metal material 44 is disposed at a location where the heating die 42 contacts the calibration punch 37. In this embodiment, the low melting point metal material 44 has a diameter of 100 mm and a thickness of 10 mm.
  • the low melting point metal material 44 industrial pure aluminum having a purity of 99% or more is used.
  • a material having a high temperature strength such as an iron-based material or a Ni-based material is used as a material for calibration, the surface thermocouple 39 exposed on the punch surface is damaged.
  • the load is lowered, the heat transfer coefficient is reduced, and the heat transfer between the calibration punch 37 and the temperature measuring unit 5 is significantly different from the actual hot forging.
  • the inventor of the present application uses a low melting point for the heat transfer coefficient.
  • the real contact area between the metal material and the punch is the dominant factor.
  • the low melting point metal material 44 Although various materials were examined as the low melting point metal material 44, in this embodiment, a case where pure aluminum is used will be described. Since pure aluminum forms a stable oxide film even immediately below the melting point, slag does not occur, the same material can be used repeatedly, and it is suitable for calibration including the repeatability of the temperature measuring unit 5. However, the low melting point metal material 44 used in the present invention is not limited to pure aluminum.
  • FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of the surface thermocouple 39.
  • the calibration punch 37 is provided with a thermocouple introduction hole 48 for introducing the thermocouple 6 from the back side to the surface.
  • the calibration punch 37 is provided with a shallow groove 49 for arranging the thermocouple 6.
  • FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the surface thermocouple 39. The thinner the alumel wire 32 and the chromel wire 31 of the surface thermocouple 39, the faster the response speed, and the more accurate the surface temperature can be measured. On the other hand, processing including welding is more difficult as the diameter of the thermocouple is smaller.
  • the alumel wire 32 and the chromel wire 31 are 0.13 mm in diameter will be described in consideration of the reaction rate and workability.
  • the depth of the shallow groove 49 is 0.05 mm, and after placing the alumel wire and chromel wire, the shallow groove 49 is compressed and flattened and placed in the shallow groove 49.
  • the alumel wire 32 and the chromel wire 31 are each welded to the calibration punch 37 by laser welding. Further, in the unfilled portion of the shallow groove 49, a portion protruding from the surface of the calibration punch 37 that is excessively welded with the filling 50 of the same material as the calibration punch 37 is removed by polishing, and the alumel wire 32, the chromel wire 31 and the like.
  • the surface of the calibration punch 37 forms the same surface. It is possible to use resistance welding or the like for welding the surface thermocouple 39, but by using laser welding, the interface between the alumel wire 32, the chromel wire 31 and the calibration punch 37 has a metal bond of 80% or more. And heat transfer resistance is lost.
  • thermocouple 6 in a metal-bonded state on the surface of the calibration punch 37, the temperature output from the thermocouple 6 can be regarded as the same as the surface temperature of the calibration punch 37.
  • a K thermocouple is used as the type of the thermocouple 6, but the thermocouple 6 is not limited to the K thermocouple, and the diameter is not limited to the above dimensions.
  • the low melting point metal material 44 When the calibration punch 37 has a diameter of 90 mm and pure aluminum having a temperature of 600 ° C. is used as the low melting point metal material 44, the low melting point metal material 44 is completely yielded with a load of about 100 kN. The melting point metal material 44 is in close contact with each other and is in a state of heat transfer similar to that of normal hot forging.
  • FIG. 7 shows an example of the results measured under the above conditions.
  • the surface thermocouple temperature history 45 output from the surface thermocouple 39
  • the thermocouple A temperature history 46 output from the thermocouple A33 of one temperature measuring unit 5 inserted in the vicinity thereof
  • the thermocouple B34 thermocouple The temperature history 47 versus B is displayed on a graph with the vertical axis representing temperature and the horizontal axis representing time.
  • the initial temperature of the calibration punch 37 before contact with the low melting point metal material 44 is 200 ° C.
  • the initial temperature 51 in the graph includes the surface thermocouple temperature history 45, the thermocouple A temperature history 46, and the thermocouple B temperature history 47. 200 ° C.
  • the surface thermocouple temperature history 45 starts to rise immediately after the calibration punch 37 and the low melting point metal material 44 come into contact with each other.
  • the thermocouple A temperature history 46 starts to rise after a short delay
  • the thermocouple B temperature history 47 starts to rise after a short delay.
  • the diameter of the calibration punch 37 is 90 mm
  • the design depths of the thermocouple A33 and thermocouple B34 of the temperature measuring unit 5 are 0.5 mm and 1.0 mm, respectively
  • the heat conduction state from the low melting point metal material 44 is one-dimensional. It can be regarded as heat conduction. Therefore, it is possible to reproduce the heat conduction measured with the one-dimensional analysis model as shown in FIG.
  • thermophysical property of the mold material 52 (calibration punch, temperature measuring unit material) is input, the initial temperature is set to the initial temperature 51 of FIG. 7, and the surface thermocouple temperature history 45 is set as the boundary condition.
  • FIG. 9 shows the relationship between the surface thermocouple temperature history 45 (thick solid line), which is an input condition for heat conduction analysis, and the temperature measurement unit internal temperature history 53 (dotted line display), which is the analysis result.
  • the depth k from the surface was changed at intervals of 0.1 mm pitch from the surface of the analysis point, and the temperature measurement unit internal temperature history 53 was acquired.
  • the calibration value xr of the depth of the thermocouple A33 can be roughly obtained. Further, the combined ratio p that maximizes the similarity between the combined temperature history 54 and the combined thermocouple A temperature history 46 from the temperature measurement unit internal temperature history 53 before and after the rough depth calibration value xr. It is possible to obtain the depth x 1 after calibration of the thermocouple A with higher accuracy.
  • Equations 10 to 15 as an example of similarity criteria, the small sum of squares of the difference between the temperature measurement unit internal temperature history 53 output from the heat conduction analysis and the thermocouple A temperature history 46 A method for determining similarity will be described.
  • Sk (i) is the temperature measurement unit internal temperature history 53 having a depth of km from the surface of the temperature measurement unit 5.
  • T 1 (i) is the thermocouple A temperature history 46.
  • Rk the sum of squares of the difference between the two is calculated and expressed as Rk.
  • a rough calibration value xr is calculated by obtaining k with the smallest Rk.
  • Tp (i) of the synthesized temperature history 54 is created by synthesizing the temperature measuring unit internal temperature history 53 corresponding to k 1 and k 2 with a synthesis ratio of p: 1 ⁇ p.
  • Equation 12 the sum of squares of the difference between the combined temperature history 54 including the variable p and the thermocouple A temperature history 46 is obtained.
  • p the thermocouple A temperature history 46
  • a calibration value for the depth of the thermocouple A33 is obtained.
  • Equation 12 is partially differentiated by p as shown in Equation 13 to be zero.
  • the number 14 indicating p is obtained.
  • k 1 and a value x 1 which the depth in Synthesis ratio p of k 2 is the calibration value of the depth of the thermocouples A33 (number 15).
  • Calibration values x 2 is obtained by a similar calculation applies to the thermocouple B34.
  • thermocouple temperature history 45 the difference between the surface thermocouple temperature history 45, the thermocouple A temperature history 46, and the thermocouple B temperature history 47 is reduced, and the calibration accuracy is greatly reduced.
  • thermocouple depth calibration processing unit 111 of the hot forging process evaluation apparatus 100 performs the surface thermocouple 39, the thermocouple A33, and the calibration process of the temperature measuring unit 5 to be calibrated inserted in the temperature measuring unit calibration apparatus 36. collect the temperature history of the thermocouple B34, which is then stored to the thermocouple temperature history data storage area 124, the depth of the calibration value x 1 of the depth of the thermocouples A33, and thermocouple B34 based on those data the calibration value x 2 of calculated based on the equation and stored in the thermocouple depth calibration value storage area 121 in association with the ID of the temperature measuring unit 5.
  • the calculation accuracy of the mold surface temperature using Equation 1 can be improved by using the thermocouple depth calibration value from Equation 2 to Equation 9.
  • the algorithm using the thermocouple depth at the time of calculation can use the method for obtaining the thermocouple depth calibration value of the present invention, and is limited to the contents of this embodiment. Not what you want.
  • FIG. 10 shows an example of a forging process of a Ni-base heat-resistant alloy turbine part of an aircraft jet engine.
  • the upsetting material 56 is manufactured by upsetting the material 55 in the first step.
  • the upset material 56 is die forged to produce a die forged material 57.
  • the die forging material 57 is die forged to form the final forging material 58.
  • the outer peripheral portion 59 of the final forged material 58 is a portion where thermal fatigue occurs when used in an aircraft engine, and is required to be controlled to a crystal grain size of about 10 ⁇ m in order to avoid fatigue failure.
  • a material 55 having a crystal grain size of several tens to several hundreds of ⁇ m is refined by thermomechanical treatment.
  • this is a method of miniaturizing crystal grains by generating new crystal grain boundaries using the energy of dislocations accumulated by the processing as a driving source.
  • Control factors for grain refinement are strain, strain rate, and temperature.
  • the movement of the crystal grain boundary is a thermal activation process, and a temperature of a certain level or more is required to advance the miniaturization.
  • the fine crystal structure itself is a metastable structure, and at a temperature higher than a certain level, the coarsening of crystal grains proceeds and a predetermined fine structure cannot be obtained. Therefore, for parts that require a fine structure, such as Ni-based alloy parts used in aircraft engines, processing under strict temperature control is important.
  • the die forging upper die 60 four temperature measuring units 5 including an upper center temperature measuring unit 61, an upper periphery temperature measuring unit a62, an upper periphery temperature measuring unit b63, and an upper periphery temperature measuring unit c64 are embedded. Since the upper center temperature measuring unit 61 has a small friction with the die forging material 57 and has been in contact with the die forging material 57 for a long time, the upper center temperature measuring unit 61 is a position capable of measurement with few error factors. Further, the three upper peripheral temperature measuring units are in the vicinity of the material, and are easily affected by an error factor, and the temperature to be measured is easily changed. Similarly, the arrangement of the temperature measuring unit 5 of the lower die forging die 65 will be described with reference to FIG. In the die forging lower die 65, four temperature measuring units 5 including a lower center temperature measuring unit 66, a lower peripheral temperature measuring unit a67, a lower peripheral temperature measuring unit b68, and a lower peripheral temperature measuring unit c69 are embedded.
  • FIG. 13 shows a state of the die forging process start 70 in the third step in which the die forging material 57 is die forged to obtain the final forging material 58.
  • the die forging lower die 65 is fixed to a press bolster (not shown), and the die forging upper die 60 is fixed to a press slide (not shown).
  • the die forging upper die 60 and the die forging lower die 65 are heated to a predetermined temperature, for example, 400 ° C.
  • the die forging material 57 is heated to a predetermined temperature, for example, 980 ° C.
  • FIG. 14 shows a state after the die forging process 71 after plastic deformation.
  • FIG. 15 is a temperature history display screen 72 as an example of a screen displayed on the display unit 21 of the hot forging process evaluation apparatus 100 shown in FIG.
  • the temperature history display screen 72 includes a graph display unit 73 and a feature amount display unit 74.
  • the graph display unit 73 includes an upper mold temperature history display screen 75 and a lower mold temperature history display screen 76 for displaying the mold surface temperature history data 125 of the upper and lower molds.
  • the upper mold temperature history display screen 75 displays the thermocouple depth calibration value from the thermocouple temperature history data 124 of the upper center temperature measuring unit 61, the upper periphery temperature measuring unit a62, the upper periphery temperature measuring unit b63, and the upper periphery temperature measuring unit c64.
  • the mold surface temperature history data 125 obtained by reverse analysis using 121 is displayed.
  • each of them is displayed as an upper center temperature measurement unit surface temperature history 77, an upper periphery temperature measurement unit a surface temperature history 78, an upper periphery temperature measurement unit b surface temperature history 79, and an upper periphery temperature measurement unit c surface temperature history 80. is there.
  • the temperature rise of the upper peripheral temperature measuring unit c surface temperature history 80 is smaller than the upper peripheral temperature measuring unit a surface temperature history 78 and the upper peripheral temperature measuring unit b surface temperature history 79. It is considered that there is little heat transfer between the upper peripheral temperature measuring unit c64 and the material, and some abnormality is detected, for example, the lubricating oil is lost and the heat transfer coefficient is changed only here.
  • the lower mold temperature history display screen 76 includes a lower center temperature measuring unit surface temperature history 81, a lower surrounding temperature measuring unit a surface temperature history 82, a lower surrounding temperature measuring unit b surface temperature history 83, and a lower surrounding temperature measuring unit c.
  • the surface temperature history 84 is displayed.
  • the temperature rise of the lower peripheral temperature measuring unit c surface temperature history 84 is lower as shown in the lower mold temperature history display screen 76 as an example.
  • the temperature measurement unit a surface temperature history 82 and the lower peripheral temperature measurement unit b surface temperature history 83 are delayed.
  • the variation in the position of the joint 30 in the temperature measuring unit 5 appears as a change in response time.
  • the temperature rise in the inverse analysis result due to the variation in the depth of the thermocouple Therefore, it can be confirmed that the temperature rise is actually delayed on the surface of the lower peripheral temperature measuring unit c69.
  • the feature amount display unit 74 includes an upper type temperature measurement unit feature amount display unit 85, a lower type temperature measurement unit feature amount display unit 86, and a feature amount selection button 87.
  • three feature quantity selection buttons 87 for displaying the average temperature, the temperature integral value, and the heat inflow are displayed as the feature quantities.
  • the feature quantity to be displayed is not limited to the present embodiment, and the mold surface temperature history storing the mold surface temperature history data calculated using the thermocouple temperature history data 124 and the thermocouple depth calibration value 121 is used.
  • the database 125 can be searched to display any feature quantity subjected to arithmetic processing, for example, arithmetic operation, calculation using elementary functions such as trigonometric functions, exponential functions, logarithmic functions, differentiation, integration, etc. It is not limited to the contents of.
  • FIG. 16 is a temperature history comparison screen 88 as an example of a screen displayed on the display unit 21.
  • the mold surface temperature history data 125 of the temperature measuring unit 5 to be displayed is displayed.
  • the surface temperature history data 89 in the latest processing, the average temperature history data 90 that is the average value of the past predetermined period, the first temperature history past data 91 that is the latest past data, and the second temperature history past data 92. Can be displayed on the temperature history comparison screen 88. Thereby, it can be confirmed whether any abnormality has occurred in the latest machining.
  • the feature quantities to be compared here are various feature quantities obtained by processing the mold surface temperature history data 125, such as the maximum temperature, the temperature at the end of machining, and the value obtained by integrating the temperature from the start to the end of machining.
  • thermocouple depth calibration value 121 for the calculation of the mold surface temperature history data 125, a highly accurate value can be calculated and displayed.
  • FIG. 17 is a feature value time series comparison display diagram 93 which is an example of a screen displayed on the display unit 21.
  • the time series is shown on the horizontal axis
  • the feature quantity is shown on the vertical axis.
  • the feature quantity shown here is selected by a feature quantity selection button 94, which is selected using the keyboard 22 or the mouse 23.
  • the feature quantity selected by the feature quantity selection button 94 includes the maximum temperature, the temperature at the end of machining (mold surface temperature), and the material temperature at the end of machining (originally not accurately determined, but using the transfer coefficient of the material The temperature inside the material is calculated backward from the mold surface temperature.), An example of the integrated value of the heat flow per area is shown, but in the mold surface temperature history data 125 calculated using the thermocouple depth calibration value 121 It is possible to display any feature amount calculated based on the above.
  • an upper limit line 95 and a lower limit line 96 of the process window read from the hot forging process pass / fail judgment criterion 123 are displayed.
  • the out-of-work data (feature value) 97 exceeding the upper limit line 95 of the process window is preferentially subjected to inspection such as structure observation because the crystal grain size of the corresponding work may be coarse.
  • the upper limit line 95 and the lower limit line 96 of the process window which are threshold values for determining the quality of the workpiece, are determined and re-registered in the hot forging process quality determination criterion storage area 123. To do.
  • the hot forging process pass / fail judgment unit 114 of the hot forging process evaluation apparatus 100 collects thermocouple temperature history data for each workpiece in the hot forging process, and converts it into die surface temperature history data. For example, it is determined that a workpiece whose feature value data for each workpiece is within the range of the upper limit line 95 and the lower limit line 96 of the process window registered in the hot forging process pass / fail judgment standard 123 is a non-defective product, and the judgment result is For example, a notification is given to the work sorting process via the communication unit 130 and the network 8. In the work selection process, based on the determination result of the hot forging process evaluation apparatus 100, it is selected whether to send the work to the next process for commercialization or to send the work to the inspection, regeneration, and disposal processes.
  • FIG. 18 shows an example of a screen displayed on the display unit 21, which is a lot comparison display screen 140 with past performance data.
  • a specific temperature measuring unit 5 and a past lot are specified, the mold surface temperature history data measured by the temperature measuring unit 5 is searched, a desired feature amount is calculated, and a graph display unit 73 is obtained.
  • the lot feature quantity comparison display unit 143 displays the feature quantity average of the current evaluation target lot, the standard deviation of the feature quantity of the current evaluation target lot, the past lot feature average, and the like. This also enables monitoring in lot units.
  • the present invention When the present invention is applied to the production of hot plastic working, the balance between cost and quality is increased, such as increasing the number of inspections when the deviation from the average is large and reducing the number of inspections when the lot is close to the average. As a result, it is possible to improve the quality of forged products.
  • thermocouple temperature history 46 ... Thermocouple A temperature history, 47 ... Thermocouple B temperature history, 48 ... Thermocouple introduction hole, 49 ... Shallow groove, 50 ... Filling, 51 ... Initial temperature, 52 ... Mold material, 53 ... Temperature measuring unit internal temperature history, 54 ... Synthesis temperature history 55 ... Material, 56 ... Upset material, 57 ... Die forging material, 58 ...
  • Final forging material 59 ... Outer peripheral part, 60 ... Die forging upper die, 61 ... Upper center temperature measuring unit, 62 ... Upper periphery temperature measuring unit a, 63 ... Upper peripheral temperature measuring unit b, 64 ... Upper peripheral temperature measuring unit c, 65 ... Die forging lower die, 66 ... Lower center temperature measuring unit, 67 ... Lower peripheral temperature measuring unit a, 68 ... Lower peripheral temperature measuring Unit b, 69 ... Lower peripheral temperature measuring unit c, 70 ... Die forging process start, 71 ... Die forging process end, 72 ... Temperature history display screen, 73 ... Graph display part, 74 ... Feature quantity display part, 75 ... Upper die Temperature history display screen, 76 ...
  • Lower temperature history display 81 upper center temperature measuring unit surface temperature history, 78 upper surface temperature measuring unit a surface temperature history, 79 upper surface temperature measuring unit b surface temperature history, 80 upper surface temperature measuring unit c surface temperature history, 81 ... lower central temperature measuring unit surface temperature history, 82 ... lower peripheral temperature measuring unit a surface temperature history, 83 ... lower peripheral temperature measuring unit b surface temperature history, 84 ... lower peripheral temperature measuring unit c surface temperature history, 85 ... upper mold Temperature measurement unit feature value display section 86: Lower temperature measurement unit feature value display section 87: Feature quantity selection button 88 ... Temperature history comparison screen 89: Surface temperature history data 90: Average temperature history data 91 ... first temperature history past data, 92 ... second temperature history past data, 93 ...

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)
  • Measuring Temperature Or Quantity Of Heat (AREA)

Abstract

La gestion de la température au moyen d'une mesure d'une température de surface d'un moule est importante pour assurer la qualité des produits de travail forgés à chaud. La présente invention concerne un dispositif d'évaluation de procédé de forgeage à chaud : la profondeur d'un thermocouple par rapport à une surface de moule étant étalonnée, dans un dispositif d'étalonnage qui reproduit la conductivité thermique lors du forgeage à chaud, au préalable dans une unité de mesure de température comportant un thermocouple à liant métallique à une profondeur prescrite ; l'unité de mesure de température étant incorporée dans la surface d'un moule de forgeage, et dans un procédé de forgeage à chaud de matériau forgé, des données d'historique de température du thermocouple, qui sont mesurées par le thermocouple dans l'unité de mesure de température, sont collectées et enregistrées ; sur la base des données d'historique de température du thermocouple et des valeurs d'étalonnage de la profondeur du thermocouple, des données d'historique de température de surface du moule sont calculées par analyse inverse de la conductivité thermique non stable ; et un jugement de la qualité du produit forgé et du procédé de forgeage est émis sur la base des données d'historique de la température de surface du moule et des normes de qualité relatives au procédé de forgeage à chaud.
PCT/JP2014/081462 2014-11-27 2014-11-27 Dispositif d'évaluation et procédé d'évaluation de procédé de forgeage à chaud et procédé de fabrication d'un produit forgé WO2016084209A1 (fr)

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JP2016561173A JP6232507B2 (ja) 2014-11-27 2014-11-27 熱間鍛造プロセス評価装置および評価方法、並びに鍛造品の製造方法

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CN112122520A (zh) * 2020-09-04 2020-12-25 四川蜂巢智造云科技有限公司 一种多工序锻造材料温度反馈系统
CN115319014A (zh) * 2022-08-10 2022-11-11 成都成德重型锻造有限公司 一种核岛用棘齿盘的锻造质量控制方法

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JPH0576978A (ja) * 1991-09-19 1993-03-30 Aisan Ind Co Ltd 鍛造用ダイス
JP4579820B2 (ja) * 2005-12-19 2010-11-10 新日本製鐵株式会社 鋳型または金型の稼動面の操業状態判定装置および判定方法、鋳型または金型の操業方法、コンピュータプログラム、並びにコンピュータ読み取り可能な記録媒体。
WO2013128646A1 (fr) * 2012-03-02 2013-09-06 国立大学法人東北大学 Système de prédiction de travail à chaud et procédé de prédiction de travail à chaud
EP2684627A1 (fr) * 2012-07-13 2014-01-15 Rovalma, S.A. Procédé de formation de matériau dans un état préchauffé ou fondu afin de réduire fortement le coût de production des pièces produites

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JPH0576978A (ja) * 1991-09-19 1993-03-30 Aisan Ind Co Ltd 鍛造用ダイス
JP4579820B2 (ja) * 2005-12-19 2010-11-10 新日本製鐵株式会社 鋳型または金型の稼動面の操業状態判定装置および判定方法、鋳型または金型の操業方法、コンピュータプログラム、並びにコンピュータ読み取り可能な記録媒体。
WO2013128646A1 (fr) * 2012-03-02 2013-09-06 国立大学法人東北大学 Système de prédiction de travail à chaud et procédé de prédiction de travail à chaud
EP2684627A1 (fr) * 2012-07-13 2014-01-15 Rovalma, S.A. Procédé de formation de matériau dans un état préchauffé ou fondu afin de réduire fortement le coût de production des pièces produites

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112122520A (zh) * 2020-09-04 2020-12-25 四川蜂巢智造云科技有限公司 一种多工序锻造材料温度反馈系统
CN115319014A (zh) * 2022-08-10 2022-11-11 成都成德重型锻造有限公司 一种核岛用棘齿盘的锻造质量控制方法
CN115319014B (zh) * 2022-08-10 2024-04-02 成都成德重型锻造有限公司 一种核岛用棘齿盘的锻造质量控制方法

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