WO2016083088A1 - Test non destructif d'un composant d'un palier à roulement - Google Patents

Test non destructif d'un composant d'un palier à roulement Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016083088A1
WO2016083088A1 PCT/EP2015/075712 EP2015075712W WO2016083088A1 WO 2016083088 A1 WO2016083088 A1 WO 2016083088A1 EP 2015075712 W EP2015075712 W EP 2015075712W WO 2016083088 A1 WO2016083088 A1 WO 2016083088A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
rolling
sensor holder
sensor
component
rolling elements
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2015/075712
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Joachim Ritter
Reinhold Zeilinger
Thorsten KANDRA
Original Assignee
Areva Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Areva Gmbh filed Critical Areva Gmbh
Publication of WO2016083088A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016083088A1/fr

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M13/00—Testing of machine parts
    • G01M13/04—Bearings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C19/00—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C19/52—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with devices affected by abnormal or undesired conditions
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C19/00—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C19/22—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings
    • F16C19/34—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings for both radial and axial load
    • F16C19/38—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings for both radial and axial load with two or more rows of rollers
    • F16C19/383—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings for both radial and axial load with two or more rows of rollers with tapered rollers, i.e. rollers having essentially the shape of a truncated cone
    • F16C19/385—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings for both radial and axial load with two or more rows of rollers with tapered rollers, i.e. rollers having essentially the shape of a truncated cone with two rows, i.e. double-row tapered roller bearings
    • F16C19/386—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings for both radial and axial load with two or more rows of rollers with tapered rollers, i.e. rollers having essentially the shape of a truncated cone with two rows, i.e. double-row tapered roller bearings in O-arrangement
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2300/00—Application independent of particular apparatuses
    • F16C2300/10—Application independent of particular apparatuses related to size
    • F16C2300/14—Large applications, e.g. bearings having an inner diameter exceeding 500 mm
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2360/00—Engines or pumps
    • F16C2360/31—Wind motors

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a test device for non-destructive testing of a component of a rolling bearing having a plurality of rolling elements rolling in a rolling element receiving space, comprising a sensor holder comprising at least one sensor for checking the component, which can be arranged in a region between adjacent rolling elements.
  • the invention relates, moreover, to a rolling bearing having a plurality of rolling elements and a testing device and a wind turbine having a bearing part mounted in such a rolling bearing.
  • the invention further relates to a method for destruction-free testing of the component of the rolling bearing.
  • Rolling bearings have an inner ring and an outer ring, ie they are separated from each other by rolling elements, for example balls, cylinders or cones.
  • the rolling elements are mounted in a cage to keep the distance between them constant.
  • the rolling elements roll on the inner ring, ie an inner running surface of the rolling bearing, and on the outer ring, that is to say an outer running surface of the rolling bearing.
  • the inner ring and the outer ring and thus the treads are usually made of hardened steel to ensure a low rolling friction and a long service life of the roller bearings.
  • it is z. B. known, this even before mounting the bearing on errors, such as differences in hardness, which may have occurred during manufacture to investigate.
  • DE 10 2008 018 611 AI describes a measuring device with a arranged on a bending unit scanning tip, the z. B. is attached to the cage of the rolling bearing and is guided to determine wear and fatigue of treads on this.
  • the non-prepublished patent application DE 10 2013 106 475.2 of the applicant describes sensor holder with at least one sensor, which can be arranged for non-destructive testing of a component of a rolling bearing in a region between adjacent rolling elements.
  • the sensor holder is carried along by a rolling movement of the rolling body.
  • the sensor holder is between the rolling elements by means of a Befestigu ngselements fixed so that it is in no mechanical contact with the rolling elements or the running surfaces of the bearing. It is an object of the invention to provide an improved device and an improved method, so that reliable testing of a component of a roller bearing is ensured.
  • a tester for destructive testing of a component of a rolling bearing having a plurality of rolling elements rolling in a rolling element receiving groove comprises a sensor holder having at least one sensor for checking the component.
  • the sensor holder can be arranged in a region between adjacent rolling elements.
  • a holding device is provided for guiding a connecting cable, which is at least indirectly connectable to the rolling bearing in such a way that the connecting cable guided in the holding device can be connected to the sensor holder for testing the component.
  • the components of the rolling bearing can be tested non-destructively in the assembled state, ie in the final assembly state. No structural changes to the rolling bearing are necessary.
  • the components to be tested include, in particular, internal components or components or surfaces lying inside the roller bearing, eg. B. Treads of an inner or Au tungsrings, rolling elements or inner side surfaces of the bearing or a cage.
  • the sensor holder with the at least one sensor is disposed within the WälzSystem93 ms.
  • For checking the component it is necessary to rotate the rolling bearing at least over an angular range, but usually over 360 °, whereby the sensor holder is carried along, so that the at least one sensor detects the measurement data characterizing the state of the component can. Since, for this purpose, the sensor is connected to the connecting cable, the case may arise, in particular in the case of large rolling bearings, that the connecting cable is jammed and damaged in the rotation of the rolling bearing. Damage to the connection cable can be counteracted by the fixture on the device side, since the connection cable is securely guided when the component is tested in the fixture.
  • the test device can be used or arranged in a simple manner in an already mounted rolling bearing between two adjacent rolling elements.
  • the sensor holder is inserted loosely and is carried along by one of the rolling elements for checking the component, ie in the test mode of the sensor holder, by means of a rolling movement. Therefore it is not necessary to fix the test device to the cage or roller bearing.
  • the sensor can be coupled to it for testing the component.
  • the sensor holder has at least one in the inserted state the rolling body facing side surface, ie the concave shaped and adapted to the Au OHkontur of the rolling body.
  • the side surface is designed as a sliding surface, so that the intermediate see the side surface and the rolling element occurring friction is minimized. A rolling of the rolling body on the tread is thus not or at most negligible affected, even if the rolling element is in direct contact with the side surface.
  • the sensor holder of the test device between two adjacent rolling elements is arranged and fixed by means of a fastener to the two adjacent rolling elements, that the sensor holder is mounted from a running surface of the rolling bearing and spaced from the rolling elements.
  • the test device is permanently installed in the rolling bearing before the rolling element receiving space is closed by the cage. This has the advantage that the test device constantly remains in the area between adjacent rolling elements, so that interrupted at any time of normal operation and a test can be performed.
  • the fastening element for fastening a single sensor holder is essentially T-shaped.
  • the fastener is bow-shaped or has the shape of a triangular plate.
  • two sensor holders are fastened in the region between the two adjacent rolling elements by means of the fastening element. The two sensor holders are arranged opposite one another and can thus serve, for example, for checking the running surfaces arranged opposite one another on an outer ring and on an inner ring.
  • the Haltevorrichtu ng is preferably fastened to the fastening element or to at least one bolt of the two adjacent rolling elements.
  • it is provided to mount the retaining element on the bolt during assembly of the rolling bearing.
  • a plurality of sensors are provided, which are arranged distributed in U nter different Konfig in the sensor holder.
  • the sensor holder comprises a plurality of sensors, arranged one after the other in a longitudinal direction, for checking the component.
  • the test device thus has a plurality of sensors, which are, for example, in a row next to each other or one behind the other transversely to the Laufrichtu ng of the rolling elements angeord net.
  • Such a configuration allows z. B. a test ning of the entire tread, in particular also in the radial direction or transversely to the running direction of the rolling bodies.
  • the sensors may, for example, also be arranged offset relative to one another, so that the test areas of the individual sensors overlap and a larger "footprint.” It is likewise conceivable to arrange a plurality of rows of sensors arranged one behind the other in a longitudinal direction next to one another in the sensor holder to integrate .
  • the side surface of the sensor holder facing the rolling body has at least one movable rolling element protruding beyond the side surface.
  • the side face facing the front rolling body viewed in the direction of rotation can have such rolling elements, whereas the side face of the checking device facing the rear rolling body is designed as a sliding surface.
  • the at least one movable, above the side surface ü protruding rolling element is preferably a ball rol le.
  • ball rollers are mounted on both sides of the sensor holder, so that in a rotational movement in both directions, the entrainment can take place without or with reduced Reibu ng.
  • the sensor holder has, on its coupling surface facing the running surface, a sliding surface adapted to the geometric shape of the running surface, which in the running direction is either convex (outer running surface) or concave (depending on which of the running surfaces it adjoins). inner tread) is formed. Dadu rch the sensor holder slides with low friction, d. H . Wear-resistant along the tread. It is particularly advantageous if each of the component facing coupling side or coupling surface is designed as adapted to the geometric shape of the component sliding surface.
  • the at least one sensor is preferably in an open towards r coupling side recess of the sensor holder in the direction of the coupling side, z. B. perpendicular to this, and resiliently mounted.
  • the coupling side is to be understood as that side of the sensor holder to which the transmission / reception surface of the sensor is aligned. Accordingly, z. B. the tread facing the coupling surface of the sensor holder ⁇ ffnu lengths at which the sensors abut with their transmitting / receiving surfaces u nffen bar on the tread, as well as fixed, the openings surrounding g conductive areas. These fixed areas will be pressed by the rolling body located in the direction behind the sensor holder with a caused by the entrainment, depending on the operating condition variable force against the tread.
  • the pressure force of the sensors against the tread can for example be determined solely by a spring used for pressing, which must be sized so large that lifting the transmitting / receiving surface or contact surface of the sensors during a slow rotation of the bearing during the implementation of Testing, ie in the test mode of the sensor holder, is prevented. This reduces the friction between the contact surface of the sensors and the running surface and minimizes their wear.
  • a resilient mounting of the sensors also allows a height compensation to the tread. This is necessary, for example, if the rolling elements can move relative to one another and thereby change the region lying between adjacent rolling elements. If this area is reduced, for example, in the case of closely adjoining rolling elements, the checking device and thus the sensor would be pressed increasingly onto the running surface. Furthermore, the resilient mounting of the sensors ensures a constant pressure of the same on the tread.
  • the at least one sensor is mounted alternatively or additionally in the recess in the direction of the coupling side, for example, perpendicular to this, slidably.
  • the sensors are mounted within the sensor holder in such a way that constant contact and thus wear due to wear during rolling operation are prevented.
  • a spring is present, which is arranged between the sensor and the coupling side and keeps this within the sensor holder.
  • the sensor is brought into the test position, that is to say lowered out of the sensor holder in such a way that the test can be carried out with a fixed distance to the running surface, for example 0.1 mm.
  • This displacement of the sensor perpendicular to the coupling side for example, electrically, pneumatically or done mechanically. This is how the spring is squeezed and put into a taut state. After checking the tread, the sensor is returned to its rest position inside the sensor holder by the spring force. In idle mode and normal operation of the rolling bearing, the sensor is thus protected against wear or wear.
  • the sliding surface of the sensor holder formed as a sliding block has transverse recesses extending to the longitudinal direction of the sensor holder.
  • the running surface facing coupling side of the sensor holder du rch rolling elements preferably Kugelrol len, spaced from the tread. This reduces the friction between the running surface and the sensor holder and avoids excessive wear of the sliding surface of the sensor holder.
  • the sensors z. B. as explained above lowered to the tread and thus coupled to d iese.
  • two or even more sensor holders can be arranged simultaneously in the rolling bearing for checking the component. These can be installed in each case in any area between adjacent rolling elements, that is both in itself gegenü berograph positions between Densel ben adjacent rolling elements, as well as between each different union, adjacent rolling elements.
  • the sensor holder preferred two opposing coupling sides or coupling surfaces, which can be applied to opposite treads, each of these coupling sides at least one sensor is zugeord net, so that both an inner and an outer tread g checked leichzeitig with only one sensor holder can be.
  • the sensor holder is thus designed so that it is seated on both, against berieri running surfaces or can be coupled to this.
  • H ier Oh r is the testing device z. B. formed as a double wedge.
  • the sensor holder of the test apparatus comprises at least one sensor with a transmitting / receiving surface aligned with at least one of the side surfaces facing the rolling element in the inserted state.
  • the side surface of the sensor holder thus forms a further coupling side or coupling surface, wherein the sensor is mounted in the sensor holder such that it is coupled to an inner component to be tested bar.
  • the sensor holder can sensors, which are aligned both led igl I to one and to both the rolling elements facing side surfaces, u massen.
  • B the rolling surface of a rolling element to be tested.
  • the sensor holder of the testing device comprises at least one sensor with a transmitting / receiving surface aligned with an end face of the sensor holder. This made light z. B. a sketchu ng the inner side surface of a rolling bearing, z. B. a bearing shell or existing in the rolling bearing cage.
  • the at least one sensor is an eddy current sensor or an eddy current coil or an ultrasonic sensor or an ultrasonic transducer.
  • the number u and size of the sensors is only Lich you rch the size of the test device or the sensor holder is limited. It is also possible to integrate combinations of different sensor types, for example, two ultrasonic and two eddy current sensors in the same sensor holder.
  • the component to be tested with the test device is in particular a side surface of an inner ring and / or a side surface of an outer ring and / or a rolling surface of a rolling element and / or an inner and / or outer tread.
  • the holding device for testing the component is temporarily attachable to the rolling bearing.
  • a plurality of temporarily fastened holding device for testing the component are circumferentially arranged distributed around the rolling bearing.
  • the individual holding devices can be arranged in particular at regular intervals, for example in 3 ° to 5 ° intervals.
  • the holding device of the test device is non-positively and / or positively fastened to the rolling bearing.
  • Temporary non-positive and / or positive connections can be provided, for example, by means of clamps or the like, which are removed again after the component has been tested.
  • the holding device for temporary attachment comprises at least one magnetic attachment part, which is configured, for example, plate-shaped.
  • the magnetic attachment part is for non-positive attachment of the holding device on Rolling is formed and can be easily placed on the cage of the bearing, for example, before the test.
  • the holding device for the connection cable at least in sections from a metal and / or from a plastic.
  • the holding device is designed for temporary attachment to the cage or on the inner or outer ring of the rolling bearing.
  • the holding device is firmly connected to the cage.
  • the holding device comprises a cable receptacle into which the connection cable can be inserted.
  • the cable receptacle of two mutually offset offset and arranged U-shaped holding parts is formed, which are made for example of a plastic.
  • connection cable is stored in a spring-loaded retainer.
  • the connection cable is thus removed while exerting a tensile force from the retainer and is accordingly retracted into this, if the tensile force is not maintained. This further minimizes the risk that the connection cable will be damaged during the test.
  • the connecting cable is designed to connect the at least one sensor to a power source, in particular to a current and / or voltage source.
  • the connection cable connects the at least one sensor for transmitting acquired measurement data to a control unit and / or evaluation unit.
  • the control and evaluation unit is preferably an integrated electronic device, in particular a computer, which has control electronics designed to control the at least one sensor arranged in the sensor holder having.
  • the control / evaluation unit is preferably only connected to the sensor for testing by means of the connection cable. Since the at least one sensor can be connected to the external control unit for testing, there is no need to provide an electronic control unit for controlling the sensor in the sensor holder. This allows a substantial miniaturization of the sensors to optimize a sufficiently large provided by the sensors test coverage.
  • the above-mentioned testing device is according to possible embodiments firmly installed in the rolling bearing.
  • Such rolling bearings thus have an integrated test device, so that a test of the component in case of need without extensive preparatory work is possible.
  • the rolling bearing having the test device is particularly preferably provided for supporting a plant part, in particular a rotor or a machine house, a wind turbine. Such equipment parts are difficult to access for the examination of the component, so that a reduction of the installation effort is particularly desirable here.
  • the object is achieved by a method for non-destructive testing of the aforementioned type with the further features of claim 18.
  • the checking device is arranged in the area between adjacent rolling elements.
  • the connection cable guided in the holding device is connected to the sensor holder.
  • the rolling bearing for non-destructive testing the component at least ü over an angular range ged ged.
  • the rolling bearing for non-destructive testing one or two times by 180 ° or 360 ° ged ged. When turning twice, the individual turns can be made in the same direction of rotation or in opposite directions of rotation.
  • the connecting cable is securely guided in the one or more provided holding devices, so that the risk that this is jammed and / or damaged during the test is minimized.
  • the method is preferably used immediately before the component is tested in the region between the adjacent rolling bodies. This eliminates the need for unnecessary wear of the sensor holder. Accordingly, it is provided to remove the sensor holder u immediately after checking the component from the area between the adjacent rolling elements again.
  • Fig. 1 shows a detail of a partially opened roller bearing in a perspective plan view in which between two adjacent rolling elements a test device for testing the component angeord net
  • FIG. 2 shows a test device with a sensor holder with several sensors for checking the running surface also in a perspective view
  • FIG. 3 shows the sensor holder according to FIG. 2 in a longitudinal section
  • Fig. 4 shows a detail A from FIG. 3 of a sensor of the sensor holder, which is in Ru hemodus
  • Fig. 5 shows a detail A from FIG. 3 of a sensor of the sensor holder, which is in the test mode
  • Fig. 6 a sensor holder with a base body arranged on a sliding shoe in a perspective view
  • Fig. 7 shows a further embodiment of a sensor holder in a perspective view
  • Fig. 8 shows a further embodiment of a sensor holder in a perspective view
  • FIG. 9 shows a sensor holder which is designed as a double wedge for testing opposing running surfaces
  • FIG. 10 a sensor holder which is fastened with a fastening element to a bolt of a rolling element
  • FIG. 11 a rolling bearing with a holding device having a test device in a sectional illustration
  • FIG. 12 shows another embodiment with a holding device which is arranged on a fastening element for a sensor holder
  • FIG. 13 shows a further embodiment with a holding device which is fastened to a bolt of a roller bearing
  • FIG. 14 shows a further embodiment with a holding device which has a magnetic fastening part
  • Fig. 15A shows a further embodiment with a holding device which has two U-shaped holding parts, in a side view, Fig. 15B, the embodiment of Fig. 15A in a plan view.
  • a rolling bearing 2 is shown with a plurality of conical rolling elements 6, of which only two are completely reproduced in a partial view.
  • the rolling elements 6 are stored here, for example in a cage 4, reproduced by the only part of the back and as
  • a sensor holder 10 of a test is used according to the invention f
  • a sensor holder 10 of a test is used according to the invention f
  • the sensor holder 10 may have any shape adapted to the shape of the roller bearing or the area 8.
  • the design of the sensor holder 10 may be wedge-shaped (solid line) or trapezoidal (dashed line).
  • the sensor holder 10 is inserted depending on its design and the type of rolling bearing 2 in this in the final assembled state. In particular, this possibility generally exists in slewing bearings, such as those used for example for the storage of turbine wind turbine components.
  • the sensor holder 10 can then be introduced via a lateral, narrow access in the rolling bearing, without requiring structural changes to the rolling bearing itself would be required.
  • the inspection of the component in such an embodiment is performed such that the sensor holder 10 is used immediately before the inspection process.
  • the rolling bearing 2 to an angular range, in particular rotated over 180 ° or 360 °, for example, in the circumferential direction u and back to back.
  • the inserted sensor holder 10 is entrained by the rolling element 6 located behind it in the direction of travel and is thus pressed onto the running surface 12 by the rolling movement of the rolling elements 6 and guided over the running surface 12, whereby the state of the component is characterized Measurement data are recorded.
  • the sensor holder 10 is removed again from the rolling bearing 2. According to the embodiment u shown in FIG.
  • the sensor holder 10 comprises five sensors 14 arranged in dashed lines in a longitudinal direction L, for example ultrasound sensors or ultrasonic transducers or eddy current coils.
  • a plurality of rows of sensors 14 arranged in the longitudinal direction L of the sensor holder 10 can also be integrated into the sensor holder 10.
  • the conical rolling elements 6 facing side surfaces 16a, 16b of the sensor holder 10 are formed in the dargestel in Fig. 2 Aushe tion form as concave sliding surfaces, which are adapted to the Au stoffkontu r 18 of the rolling element 6.
  • the sensor holder 10 accordingly has an approximately wedge-shaped form.
  • the coupling surface 20 of the sensor holder 10 facing the running surface 12 has a sliding surface 24 adapted to the geometric shape of the running surface 12, in order to reduce the friction and wear between the sensor holder 10 and the running surface 12.
  • the end faces 44a, 44b of the sensor holder 10 are designed as sliding surfaces and adapted to the contour of the cage 4.
  • the sensor holder 10 has a connection 40, via which the sensors 14 by means of supply lungs 36 - ebenfal ls indicated by dashed lines - for example, with energy ie, in particular with current u nd / or voltage supplied and measuring and Steuersig signals between the sensors 14 and a schematically illustrated control and evaluation unit 21 can be transmitted.
  • the supply lines 36 are designed so that in addition to the electrical supply lines additional pneumatic and / or hydraulic media lines are included.
  • connection cable 25 during normal operation is not an obstacle.
  • the regular operation of the rolling bearing 2 is interrupted and the connecting cable 25 is plugged.
  • the control of the sensors 14 is carried out by the control and evaluation unit 21, in particular, the existing for moving the sensors 14 pneumatics is controlled accordingly and extended the sensors 14 for the acquisition of measurement data.
  • a holding device 62 which is shown in detail in Figures 11 to 15.
  • FIG. 2 also shows schematically a spring-loaded retainer 27, from which the connection cable 25 can be removed while exerting a tensile force.
  • the retainer 27 also serves to protect the connection cable 25 from damage during the test, since the connection cable 25 is automatically retracted due to the resilient bias in the retainer 27, as soon as a strain relief occurs.
  • FIG. 3 shows a section of the test device 10 shown in FIG. 2 in the longitudinal direction L.
  • the sensor holder 10 is a number of sensors 14 corresponding number of recesses 22 which are open to the coupling side 20 and in which the sensors 14 are arranged.
  • the sensors 14 are resiliently mounted via a spring 28 perpendicular to the coupling side 20 and slidably.
  • FIG. 4 rest mode
  • FIG. 5 test mode
  • the sleep mode FIG. 4
  • the sensor 14 is arranged within the recess 22, the spring 28 present between the sensor 14 and the coupling side 20 is in the relaxed state.
  • the sensors 14 are displaced, for example pneumatically using a pressure accumulator or mechanically via a spindle in the direction of the coupling side 20 and the spring 28 is compressed. As a result, the sensors 14 are pressed against the spring force on the tread 12. The sensor 14 or its transmitting / receiving surface 52 is now coupled to the tread 12. After the test, the sensors 14 are pushed back by the force of the spring 28 in its rest position. To the sensor holder 10 z. B. to prevent ingress of lubricant, the sensor 14 with respect to the recess 22 with a seal 54, z. B. a sensor 14 circumferential sealing ring, sealed.
  • a spring 60 on the top of the sensor 14 between this and a z. B. be mounted with the aid of the pneumatically displaceable plate 58 to ensure height compensation and a constant contact pressure of the sensors 14 on the tread 12 during the test. If such an additional spring 60 is present, its spring force is greater than that of the spring 28, so that upon displacement of the plate 58 in the direction of the coupling side 20 is compressed. Furthermore, a - not shown here - locking device is provided, with which the sensor 14 can be locked in the sleep mode or held in a secure position in the sensor holder 10. FIG.
  • FIG. 6 shows a testing device with a sensor holder 10 in a further embodiment, in particular for testing the running surface 12, in which the sliding surface 24 is formed by a sliding shoe 30 arranged on a base body 26.
  • the five sensors 14 - shown in dashed lines - are fixedly arranged in the sliding block 30 and the sliding block 30 itself is resiliently mounted on the base body 26 via, for example, four springs 32, which are each arranged in a corner of the base body 26.
  • a gap 34 is provided between the base body 26 and the shoe 30, a gap 34 is provided to allow the height compensation and the contact pressure of the shoe 30 to the tread 12.
  • the sensors 14 are thus here together spring-mounted in the shoe 30, so that all sensors 14 always have the same distance from the tread 12.
  • the sliding shoe 30 can also have, in its sliding surface 24 recesses 46, two of which are shown dotted in FIG. 6 for illustration, in order to reduce accumulation of lubricant in front of the sensor holder 10.
  • FIG. 7 shows a further embodiment of the testing device, in which the sensor holder 10 has rolling elements 42 projecting beyond the side surface 16a, 16b on one of the side surfaces 16a, 16b facing the rolling element 6, in the example ball rollers.
  • rolling elements 42 projecting beyond the side surface 16a, 16b on one of the side surfaces 16a, 16b facing the rolling element 6, in the example ball rollers.
  • cylindrical rollers are provided for this purpose.
  • the sensor holder 10 according to FIG. 7 also has rolling elements 38 on the coupling surface or coupling side 20 facing the running surface 12, likewise ball rollers in the example shown.
  • the coupling surface 20 and the transmitting / receiving surfaces 52 of the sensors 14 are thereby spaced from the tread 12 by a thin gap. This has the advantage, for example, that lubricant present in the roller bearing 2 can flow under the test device 10.
  • FIG. 8 shows a further embodiment of the test device, in which the sensor holder 10 comprises five sensors 14 whose transmission
  • the sensor holder 10 may additionally include sensors 14, the transmitting / receiving surfaces 52 are aligned with the side surface 16 b. In the inserted state, the side surface 16a facing the rolling elements 6, so that a test of the rolling element 6 is possible. Furthermore, the sensor holder 10 comprises two sensors 14, the transmitting / receiving surfaces 52 are aligned with the end face 44 a, to check a further components, for. B. parts of a bearing ring or a cage to allow. The sensor holder 10 may additionally include sensors 14 whose transmitting / receiving surfaces 52 are aligned with the end face 44b.
  • the side surface 16a, 16b and the end face 44a, 44b thus also form a coupling side 20 of the sensor holder 10 at the end faces 44a, 44b and the soflä- 16a, 16b also an arbitrary arrangement and number of sensors 14 is possible.
  • the test device comprises a sensor holder 10 in the form of a double wedge, which has two opposing coupling surfaces 20a, 20b which, for testing the running surface, are guided against opposite running surfaces 12a, 12b - in FIG. 9 indicated by dashed lines - to be created.
  • four sensors 14 are arranged in a longitudinal direction L in a row one behind the other on the coupling surface 20b.
  • Eight sensors 14 are arranged next to one another in two rows on the coupling surface 20a, four sensors 14 each being arranged one behind the other in a longitudinal direction L and the two rows being offset from each other.
  • FIG. 10 shows such a fastening element 48, which carries a wedge-shaped sensor holder 10.
  • the fastening element 48 is formed by way of example in the form of a T-piece and fixed to bolts 50 of the rolling elements 6.
  • the fastening element 48 holds the entire sensor holder 10 in the area between the rolling elements 6 such that it does not come into contact with the rolling elements 6.
  • it is provided to extend the sensors 14, which can be retracted, in particular, in the sensor holder 10 and to couple them to the component to be tested.
  • the sensor holder 10 is in sleep mode, the sensors 14 are thus at least as far disposed within the sensor holder 10 that they or their transmitting / receiving surfaces 52 have no contact with the inner component to be tested and wear of the sensors 14th prevented or at least reduced.
  • the sensors 14 are displaced perpendicular to a coupling side 20 of the sensor holder 10 and thus the sensors 14 and their transmitting / receiving surfaces 52 are coupled to the inner component to be tested, ie z. B. lowered to the tread 12 (test mode). After completion of the examination of the inner component, the sensors 14 are pulled back into the sensor holder 10.
  • Figure 11 shows a sectional view of a roller bearing 2 with an inner ring 64 and an outer ring 66.
  • the bolts 50 of the rolling elements 6 are guided in the cage 4, on the outside of a holding device 62 is arranged for receiving the connecting cable 25.
  • the holding device 62 has a clip-like receiving area into which the connection cable 25 can be inserted.
  • a plurality of holding devices 62 are circumferentially distributed around the outside of the cage 4 for safe guidance of the connecting cable 25 in a manner not shown.
  • the distance between the individual holding devices 62 is for example between 3 ° and 5 °. This distance varies depending on the diameter of the rolling bearing.
  • FIG. 12 shows a further exemplary embodiment, in which the holding device 62 is connected to the fastening element 48.
  • the fastening element 48 of the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 12 is designed to fasten two wedge-shaped sensor holders 10, which are arranged opposite one another in the region between the two adjacent rolling elements. With such a design, the simultaneous testing of both the inner ring 64 and the outer ring 66 is possible.
  • FIG. 13 shows a further exemplary embodiment in which the holding device 10 is mounted on a bolt 50 of the roller body 6.
  • the cable receptacle for the connecting cable 25 is arranged on the outside of the cage 4.
  • FIG 14 shows an embodiment of the holding device 62 in a schematic sectional view.
  • the holding device 62 has holding parts 68 for cable receiving, which have a U-shaped configuration and are arranged opposite one another for receiving the connection cable 25.
  • a magnetic fastener ngsteil 70 is provided which is plate-shaped. The you r the that like genetic attachment ungsteil 70 mediated frictional Befestigu ng the holding device 62 can therefore be done on almost bel iebiger Stel le on the cage 4.
  • FIGS. 15A and 15B show another embodiment of the holding device 62, in which the two holding parts 68 arranged opposite each other and U-shaped are overlapped with each other. As shown in Figu r 15B shown the top plan ersichtl I, an S-shaped gap is formed between the two holding parts 68, you rch who can be passed through the 25 usefing the cable.
  • a checking device of one of the above-described embodiments is used.
  • test device is already arranged in the region between the adjacent rolling elements 6 during assembly in particular in the embodiments shown in FIGS. 10, 12 and 13.
  • test apparatus In the embodiments of the test apparatus which are designed to be inserted into an already mounted rolling bearing 2, the test apparatus is arranged in the rolling bearing immediately before the component is tested.
  • the rolling bearing is, if necessary, rotated several times 360 ° back and forth, the connecting cable 25 being guided in the retaining device 62.
  • the at least one sensor 14 acquires measured data which describe the state, for example the hardness, of the component which are transmitted via the connection cable 25 to the control and evaluation unit 21.
  • the sensors 14 are optionally recessed in the sensor holder 10, the connecting cable 25 is removed and, in the case of embodiments which temporarily hold holding devices 62 fastened by means of clamps or magnetic fasteners 70, remove them again , Accordingly, if necessary, the sensor holder 10 is removed from the area between the rolling elements 6 prior to recording the reg ulary operation.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Rolling Contact Bearings (AREA)
  • Testing Of Devices, Machine Parts, Or Other Structures Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif de test non destructif d'un composant d'un palier à roulement (2) qui comporte une pluralité d'éléments de roulement (6), roulant dans une chambre de réception d'éléments de roulement. Le dispositif de test comprend un support (10) qui comporte un ou plusieurs capteurs (14) destinés à tester le composant et qui peut être disposé dans une région située entre des éléments de roulement (6) adjacents. Selon l'invention, un dispositif de retenue (62), destiné à guider un câble de raccordement (25), peut être relié au moins indirectement au palier à roulement (6) de telle sorte que le câble de raccordement (25), guidé dans le dispositif de retenue (62), peut être raccordé au support de capteurs (10) pour tester le composant.
PCT/EP2015/075712 2014-11-28 2015-11-04 Test non destructif d'un composant d'un palier à roulement WO2016083088A1 (fr)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102014117553.0A DE102014117553B3 (de) 2014-11-28 2014-11-28 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung einer Komponente eines Wälzlagers
DE102014117553.0 2014-11-28

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WO2016083088A1 true WO2016083088A1 (fr) 2016-06-02

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102023103280A1 (de) 2023-02-10 2024-08-14 Knorr-Bremse Systeme für Nutzfahrzeuge GmbH Messvorrichtung und Verfahren zur Prüfung der geometrischen Maße eines Schwenklagerkäfigs

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EP1211500A1 (fr) * 2000-12-01 2002-06-05 Nsk Ltd Dispositif de palier à roulement avec capteur
EP1258642A2 (fr) * 2001-04-12 2002-11-20 Aktiebolaget SKF Logement de palier muni d'un dispositif de mesure
EP1293766A1 (fr) * 2001-09-11 2003-03-19 Nsk Ltd Palier à roulement avec capteur de temperature et/ou de vibration
EP1398636A2 (fr) * 1996-09-13 2004-03-17 The Timken Company Palier de roulement avec module de détection
DE102008046357A1 (de) * 2008-09-09 2010-03-11 Schaeffler Kg Sensoranordnung zur Bestimmung einer Kenngröße für den Verschleiß eines Wälzlagers und Windkraftanlage
DE102010013934A1 (de) * 2010-04-06 2011-10-06 Schaeffler Technologies Gmbh & Co. Kg Messsystem für Wälzlager

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US3921065A (en) * 1974-02-15 1975-11-18 Wendell G Rawlins Magnetic sensor for detecting flaws on one surface of roller bearing
DE4103151A1 (de) * 1991-02-02 1992-08-13 Hoesch Ag Mittenfreies grosswaelzlager
DE10060219B4 (de) * 2000-12-04 2004-12-02 Hegenscheidt-Mfd Gmbh & Co. Kg Schnellwechselsystem für Messtaster-Baugruppe
DE102007013160B4 (de) * 2007-03-20 2008-12-04 ThyssenKrupp Fördertechnik GmbH Verfahren und Einrichtung zur Kontrolle der Laufbahnen von Großwälzlagern
DE202008010292U1 (de) * 2008-08-01 2009-01-08 Bip-Industrietechnik Gmbh Vorrichtung zur zerstörungsfreien Materialprüfung eines Prüflings und Prüfstand
DE102012200783B4 (de) * 2012-01-20 2013-11-07 Aktiebolaget Skf Wälzkörper und Wälzlager

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EP1398636A2 (fr) * 1996-09-13 2004-03-17 The Timken Company Palier de roulement avec module de détection
EP1211500A1 (fr) * 2000-12-01 2002-06-05 Nsk Ltd Dispositif de palier à roulement avec capteur
EP1258642A2 (fr) * 2001-04-12 2002-11-20 Aktiebolaget SKF Logement de palier muni d'un dispositif de mesure
EP1293766A1 (fr) * 2001-09-11 2003-03-19 Nsk Ltd Palier à roulement avec capteur de temperature et/ou de vibration
DE102008046357A1 (de) * 2008-09-09 2010-03-11 Schaeffler Kg Sensoranordnung zur Bestimmung einer Kenngröße für den Verschleiß eines Wälzlagers und Windkraftanlage
DE102010013934A1 (de) * 2010-04-06 2011-10-06 Schaeffler Technologies Gmbh & Co. Kg Messsystem für Wälzlager

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102023103280A1 (de) 2023-02-10 2024-08-14 Knorr-Bremse Systeme für Nutzfahrzeuge GmbH Messvorrichtung und Verfahren zur Prüfung der geometrischen Maße eines Schwenklagerkäfigs

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