WO2016079780A1 - イオン移動度分析装置 - Google Patents
イオン移動度分析装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016079780A1 WO2016079780A1 PCT/JP2014/080318 JP2014080318W WO2016079780A1 WO 2016079780 A1 WO2016079780 A1 WO 2016079780A1 JP 2014080318 W JP2014080318 W JP 2014080318W WO 2016079780 A1 WO2016079780 A1 WO 2016079780A1
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- ions
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/62—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating the ionisation of gases, e.g. aerosols; by investigating electric discharges, e.g. emission of cathode
- G01N27/622—Ion mobility spectrometry
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N30/00—Investigating or analysing materials by separation into components using adsorption, absorption or similar phenomena or using ion-exchange, e.g. chromatography or field flow fractionation
- G01N30/02—Column chromatography
- G01N30/62—Detectors specially adapted therefor
- G01N30/72—Mass spectrometers
- G01N30/7233—Mass spectrometers interfaced to liquid or supercritical fluid chromatograph
- G01N30/724—Nebulising, aerosol formation or ionisation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J49/00—Particle spectrometers or separator tubes
- H01J49/02—Details
- H01J49/04—Arrangements for introducing or extracting samples to be analysed, e.g. vacuum locks; Arrangements for external adjustment of electron- or ion-optical components
- H01J49/0431—Arrangements for introducing or extracting samples to be analysed, e.g. vacuum locks; Arrangements for external adjustment of electron- or ion-optical components for liquid samples
- H01J49/0445—Arrangements for introducing or extracting samples to be analysed, e.g. vacuum locks; Arrangements for external adjustment of electron- or ion-optical components for liquid samples with means for introducing as a spray, a jet or an aerosol
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J49/00—Particle spectrometers or separator tubes
- H01J49/02—Details
- H01J49/04—Arrangements for introducing or extracting samples to be analysed, e.g. vacuum locks; Arrangements for external adjustment of electron- or ion-optical components
- H01J49/0431—Arrangements for introducing or extracting samples to be analysed, e.g. vacuum locks; Arrangements for external adjustment of electron- or ion-optical components for liquid samples
- H01J49/0445—Arrangements for introducing or extracting samples to be analysed, e.g. vacuum locks; Arrangements for external adjustment of electron- or ion-optical components for liquid samples with means for introducing as a spray, a jet or an aerosol
- H01J49/045—Arrangements for introducing or extracting samples to be analysed, e.g. vacuum locks; Arrangements for external adjustment of electron- or ion-optical components for liquid samples with means for introducing as a spray, a jet or an aerosol with means for using a nebulising gas, i.e. pneumatically assisted
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J49/00—Particle spectrometers or separator tubes
- H01J49/02—Details
- H01J49/10—Ion sources; Ion guns
- H01J49/14—Ion sources; Ion guns using particle bombardment, e.g. ionisation chambers
- H01J49/145—Ion sources; Ion guns using particle bombardment, e.g. ionisation chambers using chemical ionisation
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an ion mobility analyzer, and more specifically, generates ions from a compound contained in a liquid sample under an atmospheric pressure atmosphere, and analyzes the ions using ion mobility (Ion Mobility).
- the present invention relates to an ion mobility analyzer equipped with a barometric ion source.
- IMS Ion Mobility Spectrometry
- a general IMS apparatus includes an ion source that ionizes compound molecules in a sample, a drift region provided in a cylindrical housing, for example, for separating ions according to ion mobility, and the drift region. And a detector for detecting ions that have moved inside (see Patent Document 1).
- a uniform electric field is formed in the drift region, which shows a potential gradient with a downward slope in the direction of movement of ions (ion movement direction), that is, has an action of accelerating ions.
- a flow of neutral gas (generally an inert gas) is formed in the direction opposite to the acceleration direction by the electric field, that is, the ion movement direction.
- the ions generated in the ion source and introduced into the drift region proceed according to a potential gradient with a downward slope while colliding with the neutral gas flowing in the opposite direction.
- ions are temporally separated according to their ion mobility, which depends on their size, three-dimensional structure, charge, etc., and ions with different ion mobility reach the detector with a time difference.
- the electric field in the drift region is uniform, it is possible to calculate the ion-neutral gas collision cross section based on the drift time required for ions to pass through the drift region.
- an ion source that ionizes the compound using ⁇ -rays emitted from a radioisotope element such as 63 Ni, an atmospheric pressure ion source that uses corona discharge, etc.
- a radioisotope element such as 63 Ni
- an atmospheric pressure ion source that uses corona discharge, etc.
- Such an IMS apparatus can be used as a detector for a gas chromatograph (GC), and a GC-IMS in which an IMS apparatus is directly connected to the outlet of a GC column has been put to practical use.
- GC-IMS gas chromatograph
- substances that can be detected by GC-IMS are limited to volatile substances that can be vaporized in the GC sample introduction section. Therefore, LC-IMS using an IMS device as a liquid chromatograph (LC) detector has been developed to enable detection of a wider range of substances, including hardly volatile substances and non-volatile substances.
- LC-IMS liquid chromatograph mass spectrometers
- An ion source using an atmospheric pressure ionization method such as an (APCI) method, an electrospray ionization (ESI) method, or an atmospheric pressure photoionization (APPI) method is used.
- a liquid sample containing the compound to be analyzed is sprayed into an atmospheric pressure atmosphere to vaporize the sample solvent, that is, to promote desolvation, and to remove gas ions derived from the target compound. Generate.
- the solvent may not easily evaporate from the droplets formed by spraying.
- an organic solvent such as acetonitrile or water is often used as the LC mobile phase.
- water has a higher boiling point than the organic solvent, desolvation is difficult to proceed when the proportion of water in the mobile phase is large.
- FIG. 9 is an example in which spike noise appears in a chromatogram observed with a conventional LC-APCI-IMS apparatus.
- FIG. 10 is an example in which a baseline fluctuation appears in a spectrum observed with a conventional LC-APCI-IMS apparatus.
- the present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems.
- the first object of the present invention is to provide a corona discharge even in a situation where it is difficult for solvent removal of droplets formed by spraying in an APCI ion source to proceed. It is to provide an ion mobility analyzer capable of stably performing ionization by preventing liquid droplets from adhering to a needle electrode for use as much as possible and maintaining stable corona discharge.
- the second object of the present invention is to provide an ion mobility analyzer capable of reducing baseline fluctuations appearing in a spectrum in an ion mobility analyzer using an atmospheric pressure ion source.
- An ion mobility analyzer made to achieve the first object ionizes components in a sample under a substantially atmospheric pressure atmosphere, and the generated ions are in a substantially atmospheric pressure atmosphere.
- a sample spraying section for spraying a liquid sample into an ionization chamber having a substantially atmospheric pressure atmosphere;
- b) In the ionization chamber, disposed on the side opposite to the side where the drift region is located across the spray region where the liquid sample is sprayed by the sample spray unit, and in the sample sprayed by the sample spray unit
- a needle electrode that causes a corona discharge to generate primary ions that react with the components to produce sample-derived ions;
- An electric field for moving the primary ions existing in the primary ion generation region toward the spray region is formed between the primary ion generation region where the primary ions are generated by corona discharge by the needle electrode and the spray region
- the components in the liquid sample are ionized by the APCI method.
- the liquid sample is sprayed by the sample spraying section, that is, a spray region in which many sample droplets exist.
- the needle electrodes that cause corona discharge are arranged spatially separated. Therefore, even when the solvent is less likely to evaporate from the sample droplet formed by spraying from the sample spraying portion, the sample droplet can be prevented from adhering to the tip of the needle electrode. Thereby, corona discharge can be performed stably.
- the primary ions generated in the primary ion generation region around the tip of the needle electrode by corona discharge are transferred to the spray region by the action of the electric field formed by the primary ion moving electric field forming unit. Therefore, although the tip of the needle electrode and the spray region are spatially separated, a sufficient amount of primary ions can be supplied to the spray region to cause a reaction with the gas molecule of the target component generated from the droplet. . Thereby, high ionization efficiency can be achieved.
- the primary ion mobile electric field forming unit is opposed to the needle electrode and is arranged so as to separate the primary ion generation region and the spray region. It can be set as the structure containing an electrode and the voltage application part which applies a predetermined DC voltage to this grid electrode.
- the primary ion mobile electric field forming unit is arranged at a position where the primary ion generation region and the spray region are separated by the opening surface of the opening inside the ring-shaped part.
- the ring-shaped electrode and a voltage applying unit that applies a predetermined DC voltage to the ring-shaped electrode may be included.
- primary ions generated in the primary ion generation region by corona discharge pass through the large opening of the ring electrode and move to the spray region.
- the sample component in order to efficiently introduce ions derived from the sample component generated in the vicinity of the spray region into the drift region, the sample component is introduced into the space between the spray region and the drift region inlet. It is good to set it as the structure further provided with the target ion movement electric field formation part which forms the electric field which moves the ion derived from toward a drift area
- the target ion mobile electric field forming unit may include, for example, a plurality of ring electrodes and a voltage application unit that applies a predetermined DC voltage to each of the plurality of ring electrodes.
- the target ion mobile electric field forming unit may include a tubular electric resistor and a voltage applying unit that applies a predetermined DC voltage to both ends of the electric resistor.
- an electric field can be formed in which ions smoothly move from the spray region toward the entrance of the drift region.
- a neutral gas usually an inert gas
- ions derived from the sample components generated in the spray region are transferred to the drift region inlet against the gas flow by the action of the electric field.
- generated in the spraying area vicinity can be efficiently introduce
- the apparatus further includes a gas introduction section for introducing a heating gas between the ionization chamber and the drift region, and the flow of the heated gas by the gas introduction portion is introduced into the drift region inlet. It is good also as a structure formed toward the spray area
- a general sample spraying unit includes a nebulizing gas pipe for ejecting nebulizing gas, and is sprayed into the ionization chamber as fine droplets with the help of the nebulizing gas ejected from the nebulizing gas pipe.
- the ion chamber that forms the ionization chamber and the drift tube that forms the drift region are separate from each other, and the ion chamber and the drift tube are separated from each other. It is good to set it as the structure fixed each independently.
- the ion chamber and the drift tube may be configured not to contact each other, but the ion chamber and the drift tube may be connected via an elastic member having a vibration suppressing effect.
- Nebulization gas is widely used not only in APCI ion sources but also in other atmospheric pressure ion sources such as ESI ion sources, and in fact, it appears in the spectrum even in ion mobility analyzers using atmospheric pressure ion sources other than APCI ion sources. Baseline fluctuations are a problem. Therefore, the preferable configuration is also useful for an ion mobility analyzer using another atmospheric pressure ion source.
- the ion mobility analyzer sprays a liquid sample to be analyzed into an ionization chamber that is an atmospheric pressure atmosphere.
- Ion migration that ionizes the components in the ionization chamber, separates the ions according to the ion mobility by transporting the generated ions to the drift region, which is a substantially atmospheric pressure atmosphere, and drifting in the drift region
- the ion chamber that forms the ionization chamber and the drift tube that forms the drift region therein are separate from each other, and the ion chamber and the drift tube are fixed independently of each other.
- the vibration accompanying the ejection of the nebulization gas can be prevented from propagating to the drift tube, thereby suppressing baseline fluctuations in the spectrum caused by the vibration.
- the primary ions generated by the corona discharge are effectively prevented from adhering to the needle droplets for corona discharge while the sample droplet with insufficient solvent vaporization is attached. It is possible to generate target ions derived from the sample. Thereby, it is possible to avoid the appearance of spike-like noise caused by disappearance of corona discharge or occurrence of sudden discharge in the spectrum, and obtain a good spectrum reflecting stably generated ions.
- the ion mobility analyzer of the second aspect of the present invention even when the supply amount of the nebulization gas is increased, the baseline fluctuation of the spectrum can be suppressed, and a highly accurate spectrum can be obtained. .
- FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of an LC-APCI-IMS device according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. The schematic block diagram of the APCI ion source periphery in FIG. The schematic block diagram of the LC-APCI-IMS apparatus by 2nd Example of this invention.
- FIG. 9 is a schematic configuration diagram of an LC-APCI-IMS device according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic configuration diagram of an LC-APCI-IMS device according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic configuration diagram of an LC-ESI-IMS device according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic configuration diagram of an LC-APPI-IMS device according to a seventh embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a liquid chromatographic atmospheric pressure chemical ion source ion mobility analyzer (LC-APCI-IMS apparatus) according to a first embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the periphery of the APCI ion source in FIG. It is a block diagram.
- This LC-APCI-IMS device is roughly composed of an LC unit 2 and an APCI-IMS unit 1.
- the LC unit 2 includes a mobile phase feeding unit including a liquid feeding pump, an injector for introducing a sample into the mobile phase, a column for separating a compound in the sample, and the like, and a plurality of components included in the sample Are separated in time.
- the liquid sample containing the components thus separated is continuously supplied to the APCI-IMS unit 1.
- the APCI-IMS unit 1 includes an ion chamber 10 that forms an ionization chamber that ionizes components in a sample inside, and a drift tube 11 that forms a drift region that separates ions using ion mobility.
- the ion chamber 10 and the drift tube 11 are substantially cylindrical bodies having the same inner diameter and are integrated.
- the ion chamber 10 and the drift tube 11 are respectively provided with heat blocks 12 and 13 for heating.
- the APCI spray nozzle 3 is attached to the circumferential surface of the ion chamber 10 so that the spray direction of the liquid sample is substantially perpendicular to the central axis of the ion chamber 10.
- the central axis of the ion chamber 10 and the central axis of the drift tube 11 coincide with each other. In the following description, this is simply referred to as the central axis S.
- the spray nozzle 3 puts the liquid sample supplied from the LC unit 2 on a gas flow of a nebulization gas (usually an inert gas such as nitrogen or helium), and then passes ions through a drying tube heated to a high temperature (about 300 to 500 ° C.). It sprays in the chamber 10.
- a nebulization gas usually an inert gas such as nitrogen or helium
- a needle electrode 14 for performing corona discharge is installed at the end opposite to the end connected to the drift tube 11 in the ion chamber 10, and the needle electrode 14 and the spray nozzle 3 are connected to each other.
- a first grid electrode 15 having a large number of openings is stretched between them. Between the first grid electrode 15 and the drift tube 11, a plurality of ring electrodes 16 are provided with a predetermined interval in the extending direction of the central axis S.
- a plurality of ring electrodes 17 are provided in the extending direction of the central axis S so as to be connected to the ring electrodes 16 in the ion chamber 10.
- a shutter gate 18 that is a grid electrode is provided instead of the ring electrode 17.
- An ion detector 22 is provided in the drift tube 11 at the end opposite to the side connected to the ion chamber 10, and between the ion detector 22 and the ring electrode 17 at the final stage.
- the second grid electrode 19 is stretched.
- a gas introduction pipe 20 is connected to the peripheral surface of the drift tube 11 in the vicinity where the ion detector 22 is located. Is supplied.
- the neutral gas supplied into the drift tube 11 flows from the ion detector 22 toward the needle electrode 14 and is provided at the end of the ion chamber 10 as shown by a thick dashed line in FIG. It is discharged from the mouth 21.
- the neutral gas flowing through the drift tube 11 is usually heated to a temperature (about 200 ° C.) similar to that of the drift tube 11 before introducing the tube.
- the first grid electrode 15, the plurality of ring electrodes 16, 17, and the second grid electrode 19 are each connected to a voltage dividing circuit 23 by a resistor array, and a predetermined DC voltage generated by the second voltage source 25 is applied.
- a DC voltage generated by dividing by the voltage dividing circuit 23 is applied to each electrode.
- a high voltage of about several kV for corona discharge is applied to the needle electrode 14 from the first voltage source 24, and a control voltage for controlling the passage and blocking of ions from the shutter gate control unit 26 to the shutter gate 18. Is applied.
- the first voltage source 24, the second voltage source 25, and the shutter gate control unit 26 are controlled by a control unit (not shown).
- the region indicated by A in the ion chamber 10 is an ionization region
- the region indicated by B in the drift tube 11 is a desolvation region
- C in the drift tube 11 is also the same.
- the region indicated by is a drift region. That is, between the ionization region A for ionizing the target component and the drift region C for separating and detecting ions, the target ions derived from the sample with insufficient solvent vaporization (in the microdroplet)
- a desolvation region B that promotes the vaporization of the solvent with respect to (ion) is provided.
- the distance between the tip of the needle electrode 14 and the first grid electrode 15 is about several mm to 10 mm on the central axis S, and an unequal electric field generated between the tip of the needle electrode 14 and the first grid electrode 15 is obtained. Therefore, corona discharge is caused. Due to this corona discharge, the atmosphere around the tip of the needle electrode 14 or neutral gas flowing from the drift tube 11 is ionized to generate primary ions.
- primary ions are mainly generated in a primary ion generation region 30 around the tip of the needle electrode 14, and the primary ion generation region 30 is a spray region where many droplets sprayed from the APCI spray nozzle 3 are present. It is far from 31.
- an electric field is formed by a DC voltage applied to the first grid electrode 15 and the ring electrode 16, and this electric field sprays primary ions along the central axis S.
- This is an electric field having a potential gradient that moves in a direction toward the region 31. Therefore, by the action of this electric field, primary ions existing in the primary ion generation region 30 pass through the opening of the first grid electrode 15 and travel toward the spray region 31. Then, the primary ions that have reached the vicinity of the spray region 31 are vaporized from the droplets or react with sample components in the droplets, thereby generating ions derived from the components.
- the primary ion generation region 30 and the spray region 31 are spatially separated, ions derived from the sample components can be efficiently generated in the vicinity of the spray region 31. Further, since the needle electrode 14 and the spray region 31 are sufficiently separated from each other and the grid electrode 15 exists between them, the sample droplet is prevented from reaching the tip of the needle electrode 14. . Thereby, it is possible to prevent the sample droplet from adhering to the needle electrode 14, and it is possible to stably generate corona discharge by a preset applied voltage.
- the polarity of the target ions derived from the generated sample components depends on the polarity of the primary ions, and the polarity of the primary ions is determined by the polarity of the voltage applied to the needle electrode 14. Therefore, the polarity of the voltage applied from the first voltage source 24 to the needle electrode 14 is changed in accordance with the polarity of the target ion to be analyzed. Accordingly, the polarity of the voltage by the second voltage source 25 is also changed accordingly.
- the target ions generated in the vicinity of the spray region 31 move in the direction toward the shutter gate 18 by the action of the electric field formed by the voltage applied to the ring electrodes 16 and 17.
- target ions in a gas phase are generated, and target ions existing in droplets in which the solvent is not completely evaporated are also generated. Since the latter is substantially a charged droplet, it goes to the shutter gate 18 by the action of an electric field together with target ions in the gas phase.
- the drift tube 11 is heated to an appropriate temperature (generally about 150 to 250 ° C.) by the heat block 13, and high-temperature neutral gas introduced from the gas introduction pipe 20 and flowing through the drift region C is 11 flows into the desolvation region B between the vicinity of the inlet end of 11 and the shutter gate 18. Therefore, when the charged droplet passes through the desolvation region B, it is exposed to a high-temperature neutral gas, vaporization of the solvent is further promoted, and target ions in the droplet become a gas phase.
- the shutter gate 18 periodically repeats an open state in which ions can pass and a closed state in which the passage of ions is blocked by the voltage applied from the shutter gate control unit 26.
- the time during which the shutter gate 18 is in the open state is sufficiently shorter than the drift time required for the target ions to pass through the shutter gate 18 and reach the detector 22, and starts from the timing at which the shutter gate 18 is in the open state.
- the shutter gate 18 is typically called a BN gate (Bradbury-Nielsen gate), and has a line & space structure in which fine metal wires having a thickness of about 100 ⁇ m are stretched at intervals of about several hundred ⁇ m. When the thin metal wires are at the same potential, the shutter gate 18 is open. Further, when a voltage having a potential difference of about 100 V between adjacent thin metal wires is applied, the shutter gate 18 is in a closed state.
- the target ions reaching the shutter gate 18 when the shutter gate 18 is in the closed state. Stays or diffuses in front of it. Then, the staying target ions pass through the shutter gate 18 and enter the drift region C all at once in a short time when the shutter gate 18 is opened. Then, it is separated according to the ion mobility during the drift movement in the drift region C, passes through the second grid electrode 19 and reaches the detector 22.
- the detector 22 generates and outputs a detection signal corresponding to the amount of ions that have reached.
- the second grid electrode 19 prevents the image current from being induced in the detector 22 by the movement of ions approaching the detector 22, and the target ion is detected by the detector 22 by suppressing the generation of the image current. It is possible to improve the rising characteristic of the detection signal that is generated by reaching.
- a stable corona discharge is prevented by preventing droplets formed by spraying from the APCI spray nozzle 3 from adhering to the needle electrode 14. High ion production efficiency can be achieved while maintaining the generation.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic configuration diagram of an LC-APCI-IMS apparatus according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
- a ring electrode 150 similar to the ring electrode 16 is provided instead of the first grid electrode 15 in the LC-APCI-IMS device of the first embodiment. Yes.
- a substantially planar equipotential surface can be formed inside the ring-shaped portion, and the ring-shaped electrode 150 functions as a counter electrode of the needle electrode 14.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic configuration diagram of an LC-APCI-IMS device according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
- a cylindrical electric resistor along the inner peripheral surface of the ion chamber 10 is used instead of the ring electrode 16 in the LC-APCI-IMS device of the first embodiment.
- 160 is provided, and a predetermined voltage is applied from the voltage dividing circuit 23 to both ends of the electric resistor 160.
- an annular conductor is attached to both ends of the electric resistor 160, and a voltage may be applied to the conductor. Since an electric field having a linear potential gradient along the central axis S is formed in the space inside the electric resistor 160, primary ions generated near the tip of the needle electrode 14 are sprayed by the action of the electric field. It can be moved nearby. Further, target ions generated in the vicinity of the spray region can be moved toward the inlet end of the drift tube 11.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic configuration diagram of an LC-APCI-IMS device according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- a shutter gate 18 is provided at the inlet of the drift tube 11 to increase the ion separation performance, and the drift region C is lengthened.
- a desolvation region cannot be provided in the drift tube 11, and it is necessary to further promote desolvation in a limited space in the ion chamber 10. Therefore, the dried gas is fed into the ion chamber 10 through the dry gas introduction pipe 200 provided with an outlet end between the ion chamber 10 and the drift tube 11.
- the temperature of the heat block 12 around the ion chamber 10 is set higher than the temperature of the heat block 13 around the drift tube 11. As a result, the vaporization of the solvent from the droplets in the ion chamber 10 is further promoted, and the droplets can be prevented from reaching the shutter gate 18 even when the spray area and the shutter gate 18 are close to each other. .
- FIG. 6 is a schematic configuration diagram of an LC-APCI-IMS device according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
- the ion chamber 10 and the drift tube 11 are integrated, whereas in the LC-APCI-IMS device of the fifth embodiment, the ion chamber 10 and the drift tube 11 are integrated. And are independently held in the apparatus housing by fixing members (not shown).
- a vibration isolating member 27 is provided in the gap. Yes. This prevents the vibration of the ion chamber 10 from propagating to the drift tube 11.
- the same problem may occur in an atmospheric pressure ion source having a structure in which a liquid sample is sprayed into an ionization chamber using a nebulization gas, such as an ESI ion source and an APPI ion source, without being limited to an APCI ion source.
- the structure for independently holding the ion chamber 10 and the drift tube 11 as shown in FIG. 6 is an ion mobility analyzer using an atmospheric pressure ion source other than the APCI ion source as follows. It can also be applied to.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic configuration diagram of an embodiment of the LC-ESI-IMS apparatus when the ion source is changed to an ESI ion source in the LC-APCI-IMS apparatus of the fifth embodiment.
- the ESI spray nozzle 4 is mounted on the peripheral surface of the ion chamber 10 instead of the APCI spray nozzle.
- the liquid sample that has reached the ESI spray nozzle 4 is sprayed while passing through a biased electric field applied by the high voltage applied from the fourth voltage source 28 to the spray nozzle 4, thereby forming a charged droplet.
- the charged droplets come into contact with a neutral gas or the like and are refined, and target ions that are in the gas phase are generated in the process of vaporizing the solvent by heat.
- the spray direction of the liquid sample from the ESI spray nozzle 4 is not a direction orthogonal to the central axis S, but a direction toward the shutter gate 18 at an angle obliquely intersecting the central axis S. This is to assist the charged droplets and target ions generated therefrom travel toward the shutter gate 18.
- the ion chamber 10 and the drift tube 11 are separate and are held independently, so that minute vibrations generated in the ion chamber 10 are generated in the drift tube 11. Propagation of the baseline of the spectrum due to vibration of the drift tube 11 without propagating can be prevented.
- FIG. 8 is a schematic configuration diagram of an embodiment of the LC-APPI-IMS apparatus when the ion source is changed to an APPI ion source in the LC-APCI-IMS apparatus of the fifth embodiment.
- an APPI light source 29 is provided in the ion chamber 10. The light emitted from the APPI light source 29 is irradiated in the vicinity of the spray region where many droplets sprayed from the spray nozzle 3 are present, and the sample component is ionized by the action of this light.
- the ion chamber 10 and the drift tube 11 are separate and independently held, so that minute vibrations generated in the ion chamber 10 are generated in the drift tube 11. Propagation of the baseline of the spectrum due to vibration of the drift tube 11 without propagating can be prevented.
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Abstract
Description
a)略大気圧雰囲気であるイオン化室内に液体試料を噴霧する試料噴霧部と、
b)前記イオン化室内で、前記試料噴霧部により液体試料が噴霧される噴霧領域を挟んで、前記ドリフト領域が位置する側とは反対側に配置され、前記試料噴霧部により噴霧された試料中の成分と反応し試料由来イオンを生成するための一次イオンを発生するためにコロナ放電を生起させる針電極と、
c)前記針電極によるコロナ放電によって一次イオンが生成される一次イオン生成領域と前記噴霧領域との間に、該一次イオン生成領域に存在する一次イオンを前記噴霧領域に向かって移動させる電場を形成する一次イオン移動電場形成部と、
を備えることを特徴としている。
この構成では、コロナ放電によって一次イオン生成領域で生成された一次イオンはリング状電極の大きな開口部を通過して噴霧領域に移動する。
前記イオン化室を形成するイオンチャンバと前記ドリフト領域を内部に形成するドリフトチューブとは別体であり、該イオンチャンバと該ドリフトチューブとはそれぞれ独立に固定されてなることを特徴としている。
[第1実施例]
図1は本発明の第1実施例による液体クロマトグラフ大気圧化学イオン源イオン移動度分析装置(LC-APCI-IMS装置)の概略構成図、図2は図1中のAPCIイオン源周辺の概略構成図である。
LC部2で分離された成分を含む液体試料がAPCI用スプレーノズル3に到達すると、ネブライズガスの助けを受けて液体試料は微小液滴としてイオン化室内に噴霧される。イオンチャンバ10はヒートブロック12によって適宜の温度(一般に150~300℃程度)に加熱されているため、微小液滴に含まれる溶媒は気化し、試料中の目的成分が気体分子となる。一方、第1電圧源24から針電極14に印加される高電圧によって、細い針電極14の先端には電界が集中する。針電極14先端と第1グリッド状電極15との間隔は中心軸S上で数mm~10mm程度であって、針電極14先端と第1グリッド状電極15との間に発生する不平等電場のためにコロナ放電が生起される。このコロナ放電によって針電極14先端の周囲にある大気やドリフトチューブ11から流れて来た中性ガスなどがイオン化され、一次イオンが生成される。
シャッタゲート18は典型的にはBNゲート(Bradbury-Nielsen gate)と呼ばれるもので、100μm程度の太さの金属細線を数百μm程度の間隔で張設したライン&スペース構造であり、隣接する全ての金属細線が同電位であるときシャッタゲート18は開放状態である。また、隣接する金属細線間の電位差が100V程度である電圧が印加されるとき、シャッタゲート18は閉鎖状態である。
図3は本発明の第2実施例によるLC-APCI-IMS装置の概略構成図である。図1に示した第1実施例によるLC-APCI-IMS装置と同じ構成要素には同じ符号を付している。
この第2実施例のLC-APCI-IMS装置では、第1実施例のLC-APCI-IMS装置における第1グリッド状電極15の代わりに、リング状電極16と同様のリング状電極150を設けている。リング状電極150でもそのリング状部の内側にほぼ平面状の等電位面を形成することができ、またリング状電極150は針電極14の対向電極として機能する。
図4は本発明の第3実施例によるLC-APCI-IMS装置の概略構成図である。図1に示した第1実施例によるLC-APCI-IMS装置と同じ構成要素には同じ符号を付している。
この第3実施例のLC-APCI-IMS装置では、第1実施例のLC-APCI-IMS装置におけるリング状電極16の代わりに、イオンチャンバ10の内周面に沿って円筒形状の電気抵抗体160を設け、分圧回路23からその電気抵抗体160の両端部にそれぞれ所定の電圧を印加している。なお、周方向での電位差をなくすために、電気抵抗体160の両端にはそれぞれ円環状の導電体を取り付け、該導電体に電圧を印加するとよい。電気抵抗体160の内側の空間には中心軸Sに沿って直線状の電位勾配を有する電場が形成されるから、その電場の作用により、針電極14先端付近で生成された一次イオンを噴霧領域付近に移動させることができる。また、噴霧領域付近で生成された目的イオンをドリフトチューブ11の入口端の方向に移動させることができる。
図5は本発明の第4実施例によるLC-APCI-IMS装置の概略構成図である。図1に示した第1実施例によるLC-APCI-IMS装置と同じ構成要素には同じ符号を付している。
この第4実施例のLC-APCI-IMS装置では、イオン分離性能を向上させるために、シャッタゲート18をドリフトチューブ11の入口に設け、ドリフト領域Cを長くしている。ただし、そのためにドリフトチューブ11内には脱溶媒領域を設けることができず、イオンチャンバ10内という限られた空間で脱溶媒を一層促進させる必要がある。そこで、イオンチャンバ10とドリフトチューブ11との間に出口端を設けた乾燥ガス導入管200を通して乾燥したガスをイオンチャンバ10内に送り込む。また、イオンチャンバ10周囲のヒートブロック12の温度をドリフトチューブ11周囲のヒートブロック13の温度よりも高く設定する。それによって、イオンチャンバ10内で液滴からの溶媒の気化が一層促進され、噴霧領域とシャッタゲート18との距離が近くても、シャッタゲート18に液滴が到達することを回避することができる。
図6は本発明の第5実施例によるLC-APCI-IMS装置の概略構成図である。図1に示した第1実施例によるLC-APCI-IMS装置と同じ構成要素には同じ符号を付している。第1実施例のLC-APCI-IMS装置では、イオンチャンバ10とドリフトチューブ11とが一体であるのに対し、この第5実施例のLC-APCI-IMS装置では、イオンチャンバ10とドリフトチューブ11とは別体であり、図示しない固定部材によってそれぞれ独立に装置筐体内に保持されている。イオンチャンバ10とドリフトチューブ11との間の間隙は小さいが、ここでは、この間隙を通して外気や浮遊物がイオンチャンバ10内に侵入するのを防止するために、間隙に防振部材27を設けている。これによって、イオンチャンバ10の振動がドリフトチューブ11に伝播することを防止している。
図7は、第5実施例のLC-APCI-IMS装置においてイオン源をESIイオン源に変更したときのLC-ESI-IMS装置の実施例の概略構成図である。図6に示した第5実施例によるLC-APCI-IMS装置と同じ構成要素には同じ符号を付している。
この第6実施例のLC-ESI-IMS装置では、イオンチャンバ10の周面にAPCI用スプレーノズルに代えてESI用スプレーノズル4を装着している。ESI用スプレーノズル4に達した液体試料は、第4電圧源28からスプレーノズル4に印加されている高電圧による片寄った電場中を通過しつつ噴霧されることで、帯電した液滴となる。その帯電液滴が中性ガス等に接触し微細化され、また熱によって溶媒が気化する過程で、気相である目的イオンが生成される。
この第6実施例においても第5実施例と同様に、イオンチャンバ10とドリフトチューブ11とが別体であって独立に保持されているため、イオンチャンバ10に発生する微小振動がドリフトチューブ11に伝播せず、ドリフトチューブ11が振動することによるスペクトルのベースライン変動の発生を防止することができる。
[第7実施例]
図8は、第5実施例のLC-APCI-IMS装置においてイオン源をAPPIイオン源に変更したときのLC-APPI-IMS装置の実施例の概略構成図である。図6に示した第5実施例によるLC-APCI-IMS装置と同じ構成要素には同じ符号を付している。
この第7実施例のLC-APPI-IMS装置では、イオンチャンバ10内にAPPI用光源29を設けている。APPI用光源29から発した光は、ちょうどスプレーノズル3から噴霧された液滴が多く存在する噴霧領域付近に照射されるようになっており、この光の作用によって、試料成分はイオン化される。
この第7実施例においても第5実施例と同様に、イオンチャンバ10とドリフトチューブ11とが別体であって独立に保持されているため、イオンチャンバ10に発生する微小振動がドリフトチューブ11に伝播せず、ドリフトチューブ11が振動することによるスペクトルのベースライン変動の発生を防止することができる。
2…LC部
3…APCI用スプレーノズル
4…ESI用スプレーノズル
10…イオンチャンバ
11…ドリフトチューブ
12、13…ヒートブロック
14…針電極
15…第1グリッド状電極
16、17、150…リング状電極
18…シャッタゲート
19…第2グリッド状電極
20…ガス導入管
21…排気口
22…イオン検出器
23…分圧回路
24…第1電圧源
25…第2電圧源
26…シャッタゲート制御部
27…防振部材
28…第4電圧源
160…電気抵抗体
200…乾燥ガス導入管
A…イオン化領域
B…脱溶媒領域
C…ドリフト領域
Claims (9)
- 略大気圧雰囲気であるイオン化室内で試料中の成分をイオン化し、生成されたイオンを略大気圧雰囲気であるドリフト領域に導入し該ドリフト領域中をドリフト運動させることでイオンをイオン移動度に応じて分離するイオン移動度分析装置において、
a)前記イオン化室内に分析対象である液体試料を噴霧する試料噴霧部と、
b)前記イオン化室内で、前記試料噴霧部により液体試料が噴霧される噴霧領域を挟んで、前記ドリフト領域が位置する側とは反対側に配置され、前記試料噴霧部により噴霧された試料中の成分と反応し試料由来イオンを生成するための一次イオンを発生するためにコロナ放電を生起させる針電極と、
c)前記針電極によるコロナ放電によって一次イオンが生成される一次イオン生成領域と前記噴霧領域との間に、該一次イオン生成領域で生成された一次イオンを前記噴霧領域に向かって移動させる電場を形成する一次イオン移動電場形成部と、
を備えることを特徴とするイオン移動度分析装置。 - 請求項1に記載のイオン移動度分析装置であって、
前記一次イオン移動電場形成部は、前記針電極に対向するとともに、前記一次イオン生成領域と前記噴霧領域とを隔てるように配置されたグリッド状電極と、該グリッド状電極に所定の直流電圧を印加する電圧印加部と、を含むことを特徴とするイオン移動度分析装置。 - 請求項1に記載のイオン移動度分析装置であって、
前記一次イオン移動電場形成部は、そのリング状部の内側の開口の開口面で前記一次イオン生成領域と前記噴霧領域とが隔てられる位置に配置されたリング状電極、該リング状電極に所定の直流電圧を印加する電圧印加部と、を含むことを特徴とするイオン移動度分析装置。 - 請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載のイオン移動度分析装置であって、
前記噴霧領域と前記ドリフト領域の入口との間の空間に、試料成分由来のイオンをドリフト領域入口に向かって移動させる電場を形成する目的イオン移動電場形成部をさらに備えることを特徴とするイオン移動度分析装置。 - 請求項4に記載のイオン移動度分析装置であって、
前記目的イオン移動電場形成部は、複数のリング状電極と、該複数のリング状電極にそれぞれ所定の直流電圧を印加する電圧印加部と、を含むことを特徴とするイオン移動度分析装置。 - 請求項4に記載のイオン移動度分析装置であって、
前記目的イオン移動電場形成部は、円管状の電気抵抗体と、該電気抵抗体の両端にそれぞれ所定の直流電圧を印加する電圧印加部と、を含むことを特徴とするイオン移動度分析装置。 - 請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載のイオン移動度分析装置であって、
前記イオン化室と前記ドリフト領域との間に加熱ガスを導入するガス導入部をさらに備え、該ガス導入部による加熱ガスの流れを前記ドリフト領域入口側から前記噴霧領域に向かって形成するようにしたことを特徴とするイオン移動度分析装置。 - 請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載のイオン移動度分析装置であって、
前記イオン化室を形成するイオンチャンバと前記ドリフト領域を内部に形成するドリフトチューブとは別体であり、該イオンチャンバと該ドリフトチューブとはそれぞれ独立に固定されてなることを特徴とするイオン移動度分析装置。 - 略大気圧雰囲気であるイオン化室内に分析対象である液体試料を噴霧し、該試料中の成分を該イオン化室内でイオン化し、生成されたイオンを略大気圧雰囲気であるドリフト領域まで移送して該ドリフト領域中をドリフト運動させることでイオンをイオン移動度に応じて分離するイオン移動度分析装置において、
前記イオン化室を形成するイオンチャンバと前記ドリフト領域を内部に形成するドリフトチューブとは別体であり、該イオンチャンバと該ドリフトチューブとはそれぞれ独立に固定されてなることを特徴とするイオン移動度分析装置。
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20200110057A1 (en) | 2020-04-09 |
CN107003283A (zh) | 2017-08-01 |
US11054391B2 (en) | 2021-07-06 |
JP6421823B2 (ja) | 2018-11-14 |
US20170328863A1 (en) | 2017-11-16 |
JPWO2016079780A1 (ja) | 2017-04-27 |
US10551348B2 (en) | 2020-02-04 |
CN107003283B (zh) | 2020-08-07 |
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