WO2016078358A1 - 一种不粘锅的加工工艺 - Google Patents

一种不粘锅的加工工艺 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016078358A1
WO2016078358A1 PCT/CN2015/078563 CN2015078563W WO2016078358A1 WO 2016078358 A1 WO2016078358 A1 WO 2016078358A1 CN 2015078563 W CN2015078563 W CN 2015078563W WO 2016078358 A1 WO2016078358 A1 WO 2016078358A1
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Prior art keywords
pot
peak
coating
stick
stainless steel
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PCT/CN2015/078563
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
方成
程强
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方成
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Priority claimed from CN201410668822.7A external-priority patent/CN104490248B/zh
Application filed by 方成 filed Critical 方成
Publication of WO2016078358A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016078358A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47J—KITCHEN EQUIPMENT; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; APPARATUS FOR MAKING BEVERAGES
    • A47J27/00—Cooking-vessels
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47J—KITCHEN EQUIPMENT; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; APPARATUS FOR MAKING BEVERAGES
    • A47J36/00—Parts, details or accessories of cooking-vessels
    • A47J36/02—Selection of specific materials, e.g. heavy bottoms with copper inlay or with insulating inlay
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D3/00—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials

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  • the invention relates to a non-stick pan processing process.
  • Chinese patent CN103230216 discloses a non-stick pan, the non-stick pan includes a grain on the surface of the pan body, and the grain region includes a plurality of spaced apart regions, and the grain region includes a plurality of spaced ridges and a plurality of grooves, ridges and grooves.
  • the surface is provided with a non-stick layer, the ridge has a ridge top surface, and the groove has a groove bottom surface.
  • the non-stick layer is not easily scratched and peeled off, and can maintain relatively long-lasting non-stick properties.
  • the non-stick pan is provided with a plurality of ridges on the inner surface of the pot, so that the spatula is only in contact with the non-stick layer at the ridge, and the non-stick layer in the groove is effectively protected from scratching and peeling to increase the pot body. Wear resistance and scratch resistance; in actual use, the spatula is in contact with the ridge for a long time, and the top of the ridge and the spatula are in contact with a large area and high frequency, and the non-stick layer on the surface is easily scratched and peeled off.
  • the non-stick layer When the non-stick layer is scratched, the non-stickiness at the top of the ridge is rapidly reduced, and the wear resistance is also greatly reduced, while the spatula continues to perform rapid and high-strength friction, so that the ridge top is quickly smoothed. It tends to be flat, and its plane area is continuously enlarged. Finally, the inner surface of the pot forms a grain surface composed of a plurality of planes and edges.
  • the non-stick layer at the bottom of the groove is basically ineffective, and the food is equivalent to covering one.
  • the non-stick performance is greatly reduced or even disappeared; after using for a period of time, the non-stick layer at the bottom of the groove gradually falls off, and a large number of obvious scratches are visible, and the service life is not significant.
  • the side wall of the ridge has a large slope and is a smooth surface, although it is provided on its surface. With a certain roughness, the non-stick coating easily flows to the bottom of the groove during spraying, and the adhesion is not high, and it is easy to affect the consistency of the non-stick layer.
  • the present invention provides a non-stick processing process which can effectively improve the service life of the non-stick layer and the high consistency of the non-stick layer.
  • a non-stick processing process including the following steps:
  • Shot blasting is applied to the inner surface of the pot by shot blasting machine: firstly, stainless steel pellets with a diameter of 1.2 mm are selected, and the inner surface of the pot is pre-blasted for 5-8 s under the centrifugal force of a power of 11 kW motor. The surface is formed with a first peak and a first trough in a sinusoidal state with a peak pitch of 1.5-2 mm and a depth of 0.6-0.8 mm. Then, a stainless steel pellet having a diameter of 0.8 mm is selected, and the power is 7.5 KW motor, The inner surface of the pot is deepened and shot blasted for 10-15 s.
  • a second peak and a second trough having a peak spacing of 0.8-1.2 mm and a depth of 0.3-0.5 mm are formed; finally, the diameter is selected.
  • the inner surface of the pot is finely shot blasted for 20-30s, forming a peak spacing of a third peak and a third trough having a depth of 0.0-0.4 mm and a depth of 0.08-0.1 mm; finally forming a shot blasting inner surface having a flow linearity;
  • Sand blasting using compressed air of 0.5-0.7 MPa, spraying the high-speed jet of 40 mesh or 60 mesh to spray the high-speed spray onto the inner surface of the pot;
  • Spray coating spray PTFE coating or phenyl silicone coating on the surface of the pot, and bake at 380 ⁇ 440 ° C or 250 ⁇ 300 ° C for 10 minutes, the film thickness is 25 ⁇ 35um;
  • Hard oxidation treatment using a concentration of 200g / L of sulfuric acid, at a temperature of -2 ⁇ 2 ° C, with a voltage of 30 ⁇ 70V, current density of 2 ⁇ 3A / dm2 pulse power supply for 20 to 30 minutes to form 35um The above hard oxide film;
  • Spray coating After hard oxygen is applied, the PTFE coating is sprayed and baked at a temperature of 380 to 440 ° C for 10 minutes to form a non-stick coating having a thickness of 30 to 45 ⁇ m.
  • the SCD degreasing powder having a concentration of 5% is first degreased at a pH of 13 and at a temperature of 40 to 50 ° C to remove surface oil and scale; after washing with water, the concentration is 3 ⁇ 5% SCD polishing agent, neutralized at room temperature, pH 2 ⁇ 3, and finally washed with water and dried.
  • the hot bottoming step is: firstly pressing the 0.5 mm thick 430 stainless steel intact non-porous steel sheet to the heated by heating the pot body to 380-420 ° C by the impact force of the friction pressure of 2000T-2500T. On the outer surface of the pot, press the stainless steel sheet to the bottom of the aluminum pan to fully combine the steel sheet and the bottom of the pot.
  • the inner surface of the pot is pressed and impacted several times, and finally formed, and the deformation and strength of the pot material are strengthened by using multiple deformations; and the strength and hardness of the base material are improved, and then combined with hard Oxidation, further improving the non-stick coating Anti-wear ability, can achieve 50% strength increase; the inner surface of the pot is treated by three shot blasting to form particles and grooves of special structure, that is, a plurality of smaller curved spheres are formed on the larger curved spherical structure.
  • the curved groove facilitates the adhesion of the non-stick coating to the side wall of the particle, reduces the fluidity of the particle, ensures better surface uniformity of the entire non-stick layer, and at the same time, a plurality of special structures on the inner surface of the pot
  • the granules form an approximately smooth surface of the continuous arcuate structure, and there is substantially no complete plane at the top of the granules that is in direct contact with the food (since the large area of the plane is easily destroyed by hard food and spatula, it is easy to form Visual scratches and wear), while not forming obvious turning and corners, by forming a plurality of smaller curved spherical structures on the larger curved surface, forming a multi-point protection, even if the highest point of the curved spherical surface is Damage, and then there will be a new curved spherical surface as the new highest point, and the spatula and food are always in point contact, more coatings are effectively protected, and the life of the non-stick layer
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic view showing the surface change of the invention after three times of shot blasting.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a non-stick pan of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a partial enlarged view of A of Figure 2 (non-stick coating is not shown).
  • Figure 4 is a partial enlarged view of Figure 3 (showing a non-stick coating).
  • Figure 5 is a magnified view of the final surface simulation of the pot body of the present invention.
  • Fig. 6 is a second enlarged view of the final surface of the pot body of the present invention.
  • a non-stick processing process comprising the following steps:
  • Shot blasting is applied to the inner surface of the pot by shot blasting machine: firstly, stainless steel pellets with a diameter of 1.2 mm are selected, and the inner surface of the pot is pre-blasted for 5-8 s under the centrifugal force of a power of 11 kW motor.
  • the surface is formed with a first peak and a first trough in a sinusoidal state with a peak pitch of 1.5-2 mm and a depth of 0.6-0.8 mm.
  • a stainless steel pellet having a diameter of 0.8 mm is selected, and the power is 7.5 KW motor, The inner surface of the pot was deepened and shot blasted for 10-15 s to form a second peak and a second trough with a peak spacing of 0.8-1.2 mm and a depth of 0.3-0.5 mm. Finally, a stainless steel shot with a diameter of 0.4 mm was selected at a power of 5.5.
  • the inner surface of the pot is subjected to Refined shot blasting for 20-30s, forming a third peak and a third trough with a peak spacing of 0.2-0.4mm and a depth of 0.08-0.1mm; finally forming a blasting inner surface with flow linearity;
  • the shot blasting device adopts a crawler throwing Pill machine, the machine is divided into three sections, the first two motors, the power is 11KW; the second four motors, the power is 7.5KW; the third is six motors, the power is 5.5KW; we use different
  • the steel pellets of the particle size are passed through the three-stage shot blasting station at the same speed to realize the combined shot blasting of the above process. The way is to sweep from top to bottom, and finally achieve the desired effect.
  • a special protective clamp is used to protect the outer surface of the body to prevent the outer surface from being shot blasted.
  • Sand blasting using compressed air of 0.5-0.7 MPa, spraying the high-speed jet of 40 mesh or 60 mesh to spray the high-speed spray onto the inner surface of the pot;
  • Spray coating spray PTFE coating or phenyl silicone coating on the surface of the pot, and bake at 380 ⁇ 440 ° C or 250 ⁇ 300 ° C for 10 minutes, the film thickness is 25 ⁇ 35um;
  • Hard oxidation treatment using a concentration of 200g / L of sulfuric acid, at a temperature of -2 ⁇ 2 ° C, with a voltage of 30 ⁇ 70V, current density of 2 ⁇ 3A / dm2 pulse power supply for 20 to 30 minutes to form 35um The above hard oxide film;
  • Spray coating After hard oxygen is applied, the PTFE coating is sprayed and baked at a temperature of 380 to 440 ° C for 10 minutes to form a non-stick coating having a thickness of 30 to 45 ⁇ m.
  • the blasting is performed by using a compressed air of 0.5 to 0.7 MPa, and a high-speed jet beam of 40 mesh or 60 mesh is used to spray the spray at a high speed onto the surface of the workpiece to be processed, so that the appearance or shape of the outer surface of the workpiece surface occurs.
  • a high-speed jet beam of 40 mesh or 60 mesh is used to spray the spray at a high speed onto the surface of the workpiece to be processed, so that the appearance or shape of the outer surface of the workpiece surface occurs.
  • the outer coating is sprayed on the outer surface by spraying the PTFE coating or the phenyl silicone coating on the outer surface, and baking at a temperature of 380 to 440 ° C or 250 to 300 ° C for about 10 minutes, and the film thickness is 25 ⁇ 35um or so, its coating has the following properties;
  • Non-tacky very thin film also has good non-adhesive properties
  • the coating film has excellent heat resistance and low temperature resistance, and can withstand high temperature up to 300 ° C in a short time. Generally, it can be continuously used between 240 and 260 ° C. It has remarkable thermal stability at high temperature. Does not melt under, does not embrittle at freezing temperatures;
  • the surface of the coating film has no water and oil stains, such as a small amount of dirt, and can be removed by simple wiping;
  • Hard oxygen in the above step 8) using a sulfuric acid concentration of 200g / l, a temperature of -2 ⁇ 2 ° C, a voltage of 30 ⁇ 70V, a current density of 2 ⁇ 3A / dm2 pulse power supply oxidation for 20 ⁇ 30 minutes can get more than 35um hard oxidation membrane;
  • Hardness It can reach Vickers hardness of 350HV or more.
  • the micropores of the film layer can adsorb the lubricant, which is beneficial to improve lubricity and wear resistance.
  • the film has high corrosion resistance, is not corroded for a long time under industrial atmospheric conditions, and has excellent corrosion resistance in maritime climate, such as resistance after sealing treatment. The corrosion performance is better.
  • High temperature and heat resistance of the film The use temperature of the hard oxide film can reach 480 ° C, the melting point of the oxide film can reach 2050 ° C, and the thermal conductivity is as low as 0.67 W / (cm ⁇ ° C), which is excellent. Heat resistant material.
  • Film insulation The film resistance is large, the film thickness is 100 ⁇ m, and it can withstand voltages above 2000V.
  • Film bonding force The film layer is firmly and reliably combined with its substrate.
  • the thickness of the oxide film at the turning point of the peak wave valley reaches a higher thickness of 45-50 u, and the hardness is higher.
  • the inner coating is sprayed with internal hard oxygen, and the specially modified PTFE coating is sprayed at a temperature of 380 to 440 ° C for about 10 minutes, and the film thickness is about 30 to 45 um, and the coating has the following properties;
  • Non-tacky very thin film also has good non-adhesive properties
  • the coating film has excellent heat resistance and low temperature resistance, and can withstand high temperature up to 300 ° C in a short time. Generally, it can be continuously used between 240 and 260 ° C. It has remarkable thermal stability at high temperature. Does not melt under, does not embrittle at freezing temperatures;
  • the surface of the coating film has no water and oil stains, such as a small amount of dirt, and can be removed by simple wiping;
  • Wear resistance it has the dual performance advantages of wear resistance and non-sticking
  • the inner surface of the pot body 10 is formed by three shot blasting treatments.
  • the surface is formed by a plurality of nearly smooth curved structures; that is, a plurality of large sinusoidal structures are formed from the inner surface: the first peak 11 and the first trough 12, specifically the first one in FIG. Forming; then forming a plurality of smaller sinusoidal structures on the basis of which the first peak 11 and the first trough 12 are deformed, that is, the peak is arched upward, and the trough is recessed downward, specifically the second in FIG.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of three superimposed ones, and the final result is a third form, which is only for the convenience of observing the deformation of the surface of the pot body.
  • our inner surface phase has no complete plane at the top of the peak, and it is directly in contact with the real object, because the large-area plane is easily destroyed by hard food and spatula, and it is easy to form. Visible scratches and abrasions, while ensuring that no large planes are formed, we do not form obvious turns and corners. Because of the obvious turning and corners, the use of the process will not form sharp contact, resulting in excessive contact pressure, resulting in excessive contact pressure. The sharp points are quickly worn through; in fact, our inner surface is composed of a plurality of continuous small curved surfaces on the large crests and troughs; and there are at least three third peaks 31 at the final peaks.
  • the inner surface of the pot forms a smooth excess of a continuous small curved surface.
  • the fluidity of the non-stick coating 40 is greatly improved, so that the overall uniformity of the coating is improved, and the prior art is not formed as a zigzag concave.
  • the grooves and the like cause partial deposition of the coating; further, in the side wall 41 of each sine wave, since a plurality of continuous third peak structures are formed, the roughness of the side walls is improved to some extent, and the plane in the prior art Or large arc-shaped paints can easily slide into the troughs and cannot stay and adhere to the sidewalls, resulting in a thin coating on the sidewalls that does not form a durable non-stick coating.
  • our non-stick coatings are more uniform in thickness and more fluid, and the coating will cover the entire surface evenly, regardless of the peak coverage of the peaks and valleys, and the service life is not obvious.
  • the inner surface surface of the invention has many and complicated surfaces, so that the specific surface area of the inner surface of the pot is increased by 30 times to 50 times compared with the prior art, the bonding force of the non-stick coating layer and the coating area are correspondingly improved, and the service life is also synchronized. Get promoted;
  • the small peaks and valleys on the surface of the pot are very dense and continuous. Even if one is worn, one or more nearby peaks will support the adjacent surface, continue to protect other surfaces, and continue to protect it continuously, and its service life is greatly extended.
  • the object moves very smoothly on the surface of the coating, does not get a significant barrier, and also reduces wear to a certain extent, and the residual food is also easier to be cleaned. Wipe it off with a rag.
  • a shot blasting can form a first peak and a first trough with relatively deep impact depth and relatively large spacing to the convex and concave.
  • the second time appropriately reduces the diameter of the steel shot, while reducing the motor power and extending
  • the three process parameters of the shot blasting time can obtain the second peak 21 and the second trough 22 which are increased in density by 100% on the basis of the original first peak and the first trough; the third further reduction
  • the diameter of the steel shot, reducing the motor power and prolonging the time, the same purpose, is to superimpose on the second surface to form a higher density, more gentle third and third trough surface.
  • Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 which is a partial simulation enlarged view of the inner surface of the pot, and the particle structure of the inner surface can be clearly seen;
  • Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 is a partial simulation enlarged view of the inner surface of the pot, and the particle structure of the inner surface can be clearly seen;
  • medium sinusoidal surfaces on the sinusoidal surface and the sinusoidal surface has a smaller sinusoidal surface, which can achieve the following effects:
  • the peak and trough surface can be realized, wherein the peak ratio is 10-15%.
  • this dense peak-to-valley surface always provides a wear surface for the wear surface. This maximizes the scratch-resistant wear cycle of the coating to maximize the protective coating's damaged surface and extend the non-stick life of the coating.
  • the optimal curvature of the superposed third peak trough formed by us is between R40 and 100; when it is less than R40, a steeper and more obvious transition is formed. This will cause uneven coating flow, the local coating is too thick or too thin, affecting the coating's anti-wear ability and service life; if it is larger than R100, it will form a plane-like surface, and the surface we are treating is to try to Eliminate the plane; the flat surface is prone to exposure of the large flat coating, resulting in coating wear and visible scratches, affecting the service life.
  • the distance L1 is 1.5-2.0 mm, which has been repeatedly studied by the inventors.
  • the test determined that such a spacing is also guaranteed to present a smooth curved surface from a macroscopic point.
  • the spacing is less than 1.5 mm, it is inconvenient to form a smaller curved surface, which also causes a problem of too small R; when the spacing is too large, it will cause The peaks cannot be protected from each other. In actual use, the peak spacing is too far, so that food or hard objects can directly contact the bottom surface of the trough, and the purpose of protecting the surface by the peak is not achieved.
  • the height H1 of the peak is most selected to be 0.6-0.8 mm, and the peak is too high, and it is easy to cause the surface to be steep and R to decrease.
  • the problem of uneven coating is caused; when the peak is too low, effective support cannot be formed, and the purpose of protecting the trough is not achieved.
  • the surface of the small peak and trough formed by the second and third times on the surface of the large curve has an optimum spacing of L2 of 0.2-0.4 mm, which has been repeatedly studied by the inventors. And experiments have determined that the spacing is within this range, basically 6-12 similar small peak surfaces can be realized between two large peaks, the spacing is too small, too dense, too many peak contact points, and many points are worn, Increase the wear contact point, and it is not easy to clean; when the distance is too large, the purpose of secondary protection is not achieved.
  • the small second peak height H2 is 0.08-0.1mm, which is also verified. If the height is lower than 0.08mm, the effective support is not effective. When the height is higher than 0.1mm, the tooth state is formed, the curved surface is steep and the R is reduced. Not uniform.
  • the peak height of the peak wave trough formed by the shot blasting is 0.8mm and the lowest is 0.08mm.
  • the distance between the two peaks of the same height is 2.0mm, and the closest is 0.2mm.
  • the roughness Rz and Ra range are 35-70 ⁇ m and 18-32 ⁇ m, respectively, and the specific surface is 30-50. Times.
  • the data range of Rz and Ra determines the density of our peaks and troughs, and how many relatively small peaks and valleys between the highest peaks and valleys. After many times of verification and comparison tests, this rough surface can maximize the performance of our products. This data can be used as a reference for daily production commissioning processes and quality inspections.
  • the surface condition achieved by the shot blasting surface produced by our special process meets the following conditions:
  • the scratch resistance and long-lasting non-stick properties of the inner surface coating are greatly improved.
  • the reasons are as follows: due to shot blasting and hard oxygen treatment, the average hardness of the aluminum surface can reach 380-400 HV, wherein the convex portion has a higher thickness of the apex oxide film due to the cusp release effect, and the hardness can reach 480-500 HV. 3 times the hardness of traditional stainless steel.
  • the inner surface is single-sided oxidation treatment by first protecting the outer surface, thereby reducing the process cost.

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Abstract

一种不粘锅的加工工艺，包括如下步骤：1）成型；2）除油；3）热覆底；4）清洗：5）采用抛丸机对锅体内表面进行抛丸处理：选直径为1.2mm的不锈钢丸，于功率为11KW电机的离心力作用下，锅体内表面形成有成正弦波状态的第一波峰和第一波谷；再选直径为0.8mm的不锈钢丸，于功率为7.5KW电机，对锅体内表面进行深化抛丸10-15s，形成第二波峰和第二波谷；最后，选直径为0.4mm的不锈钢丸，于功率为5.5kw电机的离心力作用下，对锅体内表面进行精细化抛丸20-30s，形成第三波峰和第三波谷；6）喷砂；7）喷外涂；8）硬质氧化处理；9）喷内涂后，即制成不粘锅。

Description

一种不粘锅的加工工艺 技术领域
本发明涉及一种不粘锅的加工工艺。
背景技术
中国专利CN103230216公开了一种不粘锅，上述不粘锅包括在锅身表面具有纹路，纹路区域包括间隔设置的多个，纹路区域均包括间隔设置的多个脊和多个槽，脊和槽的表面设置有不粘层，脊具有脊顶面，槽具有槽底面。该不粘锅的相较于传统的不粘结构，其不粘层不易被刮擦和剥落，能够保持较为持久的不粘性能。
上述不粘锅通过在锅内表面设置多个脊，使得锅铲只与脊处的不粘层相接触，槽内的不粘层被有效保护，不会被刮擦和剥落，以增加锅体的耐磨、耐刮性；而实际使用过程中，锅铲长时间与脊相接触，脊顶与锅铲进行大面积、高频率的接触，其表面的不粘层很容易被刮伤和剥落；而当不粘层被刮擦后，脊顶处的不粘性迅速降低，同时其耐磨性也大大降低，而锅铲则继续与其进行快速、高强度的摩擦，使得脊顶被快速磨平趋向于平面，且其平面面积不断扩大，最后使得锅体内表面形成了一个由多个平面和棱角结合的纹路表面，槽底的不粘层基本不起作用了，食物相当于都覆盖在一个不具有不粘层的平面上，其不沾性能大大降低，甚至消失；这样使用一段时间后，逐渐导致槽底部的不粘层也逐渐脱落，以及可见大量的明显划伤，使用寿命并不显著。
再者，脊的侧壁坡度较大，且为平滑表面，虽然在其表面设置 了一定的粗糙度，不粘涂料在喷涂时很容易流动至槽底，附着度不高，还是很容易影响不粘层的一致性。
发明内容
本发明为了克服现有技术的不足，提供一种能有效提高不粘层使用寿命、不粘层一致性高的不粘锅加工工艺。
为了实现上述目的，本发明采用以下技术方案：一种不粘锅的加工工艺，包括如下步骤：
1)成型：
2)除油：除去锅体表面的油污和氧化皮并吹干；
3)热覆底：采用2500吨锻压机进行热覆底；
4)清洗：用浓度2～3％，温度30～40℃，PH值12～14的氢氧化钠溶液清洗，然后用水洗干净；再用浓度1～2％，温度室温，PH值1～3的稀硝酸中和，最后用水洗干净后吹干；
5)采用抛丸机对锅体内表面进行抛丸处理：首先，选取直径为1.2mm的不锈钢丸，于功率为11KW电机的离心力作用下，对锅体内表面进行预抛丸5-8s，锅体内表面形成有成正弦波状态的第一波峰和第一波谷，其波峰间距为1.5-2mm，深度为0.6-0.8mm；然后，选取直径为0.8mm的不锈钢丸，于功率为7.5KW电机，对锅体内表面进行深化抛丸10-15s,在第一波峰和第一波谷的基础上形成波峰间距为0.8-1.2mm，深度为0.3-0.5mm的第二波峰和第二波谷；最后，选取直径为0.4mm的不锈钢丸，于功率为5.5kw电机的离心力作用下，对锅体内表面进行精细化抛丸20-30s，形成波峰间距为 0.2-0.4mm，深度为0.08-0.1mm的第三波峰和第三波谷；最终形成具有流线性的抛丸内表面；
6)喷砂：采用压缩空气0.5～0.7MPa，以40目或60目的金刚砂高速喷射束将喷料高速喷射到锅体内表面；
7)喷外涂：在锅体内表面喷PTFE涂料或苯基有机硅涂料，，于380～440℃或250～300℃的温度下烘烤10分钟，膜厚25～35um；
8)硬质氧化处理：采用浓度为200g/L的硫酸，于温度-2～2℃下，用电压30～70V、电流密度2～3A/dm2的脉冲电源氧化20～30分钟，以形成35um以上的硬质氧化膜；
9)喷内涂：待硬氧后，喷涂经PTFE涂料，在380～440℃的温度下烘烤10分钟，形成厚度为30～45um的不粘涂层。
作为优选，所述除油步骤中，先用浓度为5％的SCD脱脂粉，于PH值13，温度40～50℃下除油，除去表面的油污和氧化皮；水洗干净后再用浓度3～5％SCD抛光剂，于室温下，PH值2～3进行中和，最后水洗干净后吹干。
作为优选，所述热覆底步骤为：先通过将锅体加热到380-420℃，通过2000T-2500T的摩擦压力的冲击力将0.5mm厚的430不锈钢完整无孔的钢片压到加热过的锅体外表面上，将不锈钢片压到铝锅锅底，使钢片和锅底充分结合。
通过三次抛丸处理，对锅体内表面进行多次的挤压、冲击，最终成型，利用多次形变来强化锅体材料的强度和硬度；而基材本身强度和硬度提高以后，再结合硬质氧化，进一步提高了不粘涂层的 抗磨损能力，可以达到50％的强度提升；锅体内表面通过三次抛丸处理，形成特殊结构的颗粒和凹槽，即在较大的弧形球面结构上形成有多个较小的弧形球面和弧形凹槽，有利于不粘涂料依附在颗粒的侧壁上，减小了颗粒的流动性，保证了整个不粘层的表面一致性更好；同时，锅体内表面的多个特殊结构的颗粒，形成了连续弧面结构的近似光滑表面，且在颗粒顶部处基本没有完整的平面直接跟食物接触(因为大面积的平面很容易被硬质食物和锅铲所破坏，很容易形成可视的划伤和磨损)，同时没有形成明显的转折和棱角，通过在较大弧形表面上形成多个较小弧形球面结构，构成了多点保护，即使最高点的弧形球面被摩损，继而会有新的弧形球面作为新的最高处，与锅铲和食物始终是以点接触，更多涂层被有效保护，真正意义上的延长了不粘层的使用寿命。
附图说明
图1为发明锅体经三次抛丸处理后的表面变化示意图。
图2为本发明的不粘锅的剖面示意图。
图3为图2的A处局部放大图(未示出不粘涂层)。
图4为图3的局部放大图(示出不粘涂层)。
图5为本发明的锅体最终的表面仿真放大图一。
图6为本发明的锅体最终的表面仿真放大图二。
具体实施方式
为了使本技术领域的人员更好的理解本发明方案，下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、 完整的描述。
一种不粘锅的加工工艺，包括如下步骤：
1)成型：
2)除油：除去锅体表面的油污和氧化皮并吹干；具体的，先用浓度为5％的SCD脱脂粉，于PH值13，温度40～50℃下除油，除去表面的油污和氧化皮；水洗干净后再用浓度3～5％SCD抛光剂，于室温下，PH值2～3进行中和，最后水洗干净后吹干；
3)热覆底：采用2500吨锻压机进行热覆底，具体的，先通过将锅体加热到380-420℃，通过2000T-2500T的摩擦压力的冲击力将0.5mm厚的430不锈钢完整无孔的钢片压到加热过的锅体外表面上，将不锈钢片压到铝锅锅底，使钢片和锅底充分结合；
4)清洗：用浓度2～3％，温度30～40℃，PH值12～14的氢氧化钠溶液清洗，然后用水洗干净；再用浓度1～2％，温度室温，PH值1～3的稀硝酸中和，最后用水洗干净后吹干；
5)采用抛丸机对锅体内表面进行抛丸处理：首先，选取直径为1.2mm的不锈钢丸，于功率为11KW电机的离心力作用下，对锅体内表面进行预抛丸5-8s，锅体内表面形成有成正弦波状态的第一波峰和第一波谷，其波峰间距为1.5-2mm，深度为0.6-0.8mm；然后，选取直径为0.8mm的不锈钢丸，于功率为7.5KW电机，对锅体内表面进行深化抛丸10-15s,形成波峰间距为0.8-1.2mm，深度为0.3-0.5mm的第二波峰和第二波谷；最后，选取直径为0.4mm的不锈钢丸，于功率为5.5kw电机的离心力作用下，对锅体内表面进行 精细化抛丸20-30s，形成波峰间距为0.2-0.4mm，深度为0.08-0.1mm的第三波峰和第三波谷；最终形成具有流线性的抛丸内表面；抛丸设备采用履带式抛丸机器，该机器分为三段，第一段二个电机，功率为11KW；第二段4个电机，功率为7.5KW；第三段为6个电机，功率为5.5KW；我们分别采用不同粒径的钢丸，以同样速度通过三段抛丸工位，实现上述的工艺的组合抛丸。方式为从上向下扫射方式，最终达到期望效果。抛丸过程中采用专门的保护夹具对锅身外表面进行防护，避免外表面被抛丸处理。
6)喷砂：采用压缩空气0.5～0.7MPa，以40目或60目的金刚砂高速喷射束将喷料高速喷射到锅体内表面；
7)喷外涂：在锅体内表面喷PTFE涂料或苯基有机硅涂料，，于380～440℃或250～300℃的温度下烘烤10分钟，膜厚25～35um；
8)硬质氧化处理：采用浓度为200g/L的硫酸，于温度-2～2℃下，用电压30～70V、电流密度2～3A/dm2的脉冲电源氧化20～30分钟，以形成35um以上的硬质氧化膜；
9)喷内涂：待硬氧后，喷涂经PTFE涂料，在380～440℃的温度下烘烤10分钟，形成厚度为30～45um的不粘涂层。
上述步骤6)中，喷砂是采用压缩空气0.5～0.7MPa，以40目或60目的金刚砂高速喷射束将喷料高速喷射到被需处理工件表面，使工件表面的外表面的外表或形状发生变化，由于磨料对工件表面的冲击和切削作用，使工件的表面获得一定的清洁度和不同的粗糙度，使工件表面的机械性能得到改善，因此提高了工件的抗疲劳性， 增加了它和涂层之间的附着力，延长了涂膜的耐久性；
具体的，上述步骤7)中喷外涂：外表面喷PTFE涂料或苯基有机硅涂料对外表面进行保护，在380～440℃或250～300℃的温度下烘烤10分钟左右，膜厚25～35um左右，其涂料具有性能如下；
(1)不粘性：很薄的膜也具有很好的不粘附性能；
(2)耐热性：涂膜具有优良的耐热和耐低温特性，短时间可以耐高温到300℃，一般在240～260℃之间可以连续的使用，有显著的热稳定性，在高温下不融化，在冷冻的温度下不脆化；
(3)抗湿性：涂膜表面具有不沾水和油污，如粘有少量的污垢，简单的擦拭也可以去除干净；
(5)耐磨损性：具有耐磨损和不粘附的双重性能优点；
(5)耐腐蚀性：不受药品和其他化学药品的侵蚀；
上述步骤8)中硬氧：采用硫酸浓度200g/l，温度-2～2℃，电压30～70V，电流密度2～3A/dm2的脉冲电源氧化20～30分钟可以得到35um以上的硬质氧化膜；
(1)硬度：可以达到维氏硬度350HV以上，
(2)耐磨性：低温度氧化使氧化膜更加致密，耐磨、耐刮；
(3)膜层润滑性：膜层的微孔可吸附润滑剂，有利于提高润滑性和耐磨能力。
(4)膜层耐蚀性：膜层具有较高的抗蚀性能，在工业大气条件下较长时间不受腐蚀，在海洋性气候中也有卓越的耐蚀性，如经封闭处理则其抗蚀性能更佳。
(5)膜层耐高温耐热性：硬质氧化膜的使用温度可以达到480℃，氧化膜的熔点可达2050℃，其热导率低至0.67W/(cm·℃)，是极好的耐热材料。
(6)膜层绝缘：膜层电阻大，膜层厚度lOOμm，可耐2000V以上的电压。
(7)膜层结合力：膜层与其基体结合牢固可靠。
由于抛丸表面是波峰波谷状态，根据氧化尖点放点原理，在波峰波谷转弯位氧化膜厚度达到45-50u的更高厚度，硬度更高。
上述步骤9)中喷内涂：内硬氧后内喷经特殊改良过的PTFE涂料，在380～440℃的温度下烘烤10分钟左右，膜厚30～45um左右，其涂料具有性能如下；
(1)不粘性：很薄的膜也具有很好的不粘附性能；
(2)耐热性：涂膜具有优良的耐热和耐低温特性，短时间可以耐高温到300℃，一般在240～260℃之间可以连续的使用，有显著的热稳定性，在高温下不融化，在冷冻的温度下不脆化；
(3)抗湿性：涂膜表面具有不沾水和油污，如粘有少量的污垢，简单的擦拭也可以去除干净；
(4)耐磨损性：具有耐磨损和不粘附的双重性能优点；
(5)耐腐蚀性：不受药品和其他化学药品的侵蚀；
(6)抗脱落性：即使涂料脱落，也只是在波峰尖点位置造成断层破损，不会牵连到其他区域，保持其他区域涂层的完整性。
如图1所示，本锅体10内表面通过三次抛丸处理后，形成的内 表面是由多个接近光滑的弧面结构连接而成；即，先自内表面形成多个较大的正弦波结构:第一波峰11和第一波谷12，具体为图1中的第一种形态；然后在其基础上形成多个更小的正弦波结构，使得第一波峰11和第一波谷12发生形变，即波峰向上拱起，波谷向下凹进，具体为图1中的第二种形态；最终在每个第一波峰上形成有至少三个波峰间距0.2-0.4mm、深度为0.08-0.1mm的第三波峰31和第三波谷32，具体为图1中的第三种形态；图1中的第四种形态为三种叠加在一起的示意图，最终结果为第三种形态，该图只是为了方便观察锅体表面的形变情况而作的。
从图1、4中可以看出，我们的内表面相在顶部的波峰处基本没有完整的平面直接跟实物接触，因为大面积的平面很容易被硬质食物和锅铲所破坏，很容易形成可视的划伤和磨损，同时在确保没有大平面形成的同时，我们没有形成明显的转折和棱角，因为明显转折和棱角，使用过程也不会形成尖点接触，导致接触压强过大，导致尖点被快速磨穿；实际上我们的内表面则是在大的波峰波谷线条上还有由连续的多个小弧形曲面构成；且在最终形成的波峰处至少有三个第三波峰31，当使用一端时间后，最高点的第三波峰被破坏后，还有剩下至少两个第三波峰31可以作为新的最高点支撑，从而继续保护其他低处的涂层表面；始终保证最高处仍然是以点接触，更多涂层被有效保护。如此这样，当波峰31尖点被磨损，新的尖点凸显出来，那么三个尖点之间的涂层仍可以被有效保护，从曲面理论计算，被保护涂层面积是被直接接触磨损的4倍以上，如此这样 确保大量涂层的有效使用，保证了不粘性和使用寿命。
锅体内表面形成的是连续的小型曲面的光滑过度，在喷涂过程中，不粘涂层40的涂料流动性会大大提高，使得涂料整体均匀度提高，不会形成现有技术中如锯齿形凹槽等造成局部堆积涂料；再者，在每个正弦波的侧壁41由于形成了多个连续的第三波峰结构，从一定程度上提高了侧壁的粗糙度，而现有技术中的平面或大圆弧面涂料很容易滑入波谷，无法在侧壁停留和附着，导致侧壁的涂层厚度很薄，无法形成持久的不粘涂层。总的来说，我们的不粘涂层厚度更均匀，流动性更好，涂层会整体均匀的覆盖在整个表面上，无论波峰波谷都是实现的均匀覆盖，使用寿命没有明显短板。
本发明的内表面曲面多而繁复，使得锅体内表面的比表面积相对于现有技术增加了30倍到50倍，不粘涂层的结合力和涂层面积都得到相应提升，使用寿命也同步得到提升；
我们通过三次抛丸处理，对锅体内表面进行多次的挤压、冲击，最终成型，利用多次形变来强化材料的强度和硬度，而基材本身强度和硬度提高以后，再结合硬质氧化，进一步提高了不粘涂层的抗磨损能力，可以达到50％的强度提升。
锅体表面的小型波峰波谷非常致密和连续，即使一处被磨损，马上会有临近的一个或多个波峰候补起到支撑作用，继续保护其他表面，一直如此持续保护，其使用寿命大大延长。
由于是近似光滑表面，实物在涂层表面移动也非常顺畅，不会受到明显阻隔，也一定程度降低磨损，残留食物也更容易被清洗， 用抹布就可以擦拭干净。
通过三个抛丸步骤，实现我们最终所追求的叠加正弦波表面，第一次冲击抛丸，通过大粒径钢丸和大功率电机获得的冲击力，对铝基材表面进行短时间的第一抛丸，可以形成冲击深度较深，间距较大的相对稀松到凸起和凹陷显著的第一波峰和第一波谷；第二次适当缩小了钢丸直径，同时减小了电机功率以及延长抛丸时间这三个工艺参数，可以获得在原有稀松的第一波峰和第一波谷的整个表面基础上形成致密度提高了100％的第二波峰21和第二波谷22；第三次进一步缩小钢丸直径，减小电机功率以及延长时间，目的同样，是在第二次表面基础上进一度叠加形成致密度更高、更平缓的第三波峰和第三波谷表面。
通过以上叠加抛丸方式，获得了近似光滑、致密、多维的正弦曲线的表面，如图5、6所示，为锅体内表面的局部仿真放大图，可以清楚看出内表面的颗粒结构；大正弦曲面上有中正弦曲面，中正弦曲面又有更小的正弦曲面，如此可以达到以下效果：
1)、表面经过三次不同粒径不同冲击力的叠加抛丸，表面强度实现最大程度强化，表面强度、硬度提高100％。
2)、表面积达到最大化：表面积相对原有平面增加了30-50倍，意味着涂料附着面积，实际使用面积提高30-50倍，涂层结合力和使用寿命都同比提升30-50倍。
3)、在波峰波谷任何一个水平面上，可以实现波峰与波谷表面，其中波峰占比为10-15％，越是在高点，波峰占比越少，意味着当该 产品首次使用时，波峰占比为10％，实际与实物接触和磨损的位置只有10％，剩余90％涂层被有效保护。当波峰在使用一段时候被磨损，马上周边又会有新的15％的波峰表面来接替，继续支撑表面的抗磨损；这种致密的波峰波谷表面，始终提后备的支撑表面提供磨损。如此最大化的延长涂层抗刮耐磨周期，最大化保护涂层被破坏表面，延长涂层的不粘性寿命。
如图4所示，经发明人的反复研究和验证，我们形成的叠加的第三波峰波谷的最佳弧度为R40-100之间；当小于R40时，就会形成比较陡峭，明显的转折，如此会造成涂层流动不均匀，局部涂层过厚或过薄，影响涂层的抗磨损能力，使用寿命；如果大于R100，就会形成类似平面的表面，而我们如此处理的表面就是为了尽量消除平面；平面容易出现大平面涂层裸露，导致涂层的磨损和可视的划伤，影响使用寿命。
如图1的第一种形态所示，我们形成的叠加正弦波形曲面,大的曲线表面，两个第一波峰之间的间距L1的最佳距离为1.5-2.0mm，经发明人反复研究和试验确定，这样的间距也是从宏观上保证呈现出光滑的曲线表面，当间距小于1.5mm，不便于更小的波形曲面的形成，也会造成R过小问题；当间距过大，又会造成波峰之间互相不能保护，在实际使用中，波峰间距太远，导致食物或硬物可以直接接触到波谷底面，达不到通过波峰保护表面的目的。
同样的，经发明人反复研究和试验确定，波峰高度H1最有选为0.6-0.8mm，波峰太高，经验证就容易造成曲面陡峭和R减小， 导致涂层不均匀问题；当波峰太低，不能形成有效支撑，同样达不到保护波谷的目的。
如图1的第二种形态所示，我们形成的叠加正弦波形曲面，大的曲线表面上二次三次形成的小波峰波谷表面，其间距L2最佳为0.2-0.4mm，经发明人反复研究和试验确定，间距在这个范围内，基本在两个大的波峰之间可以实现6-12个类似的小波峰表面，间距太小，过于致密，波峰接触点过多，同时多点被磨损，增加磨损接触点，同时也不便于清洗；当间距过大，起不到二次保护的目的。小第二波峰高度H2为0.08-0.1mm，同样经过验证，高度低于0.08mm，则起不到有效支撑，高度高于0.1mm，则形成齿纹状态，曲面陡峭和R减小，涂层不均匀。
总体说来，我们经过抛丸冲击形成的波峰波谷表面，最高的波峰高度为0.8mm，最低为0.08mm，相对等高的两个波峰之间间距最长为2.0mm,最相近为0.2mm。这同时，在这个数据范围内，如图1的第三种形态所示，为我们最终的形态图，粗糙度Rz和Ra范围分别为35-70μm和18-32μm，以及比表面为30-50倍。Rz和Ra这个数据范围决定了我们波峰波谷的致密程度，以及最高波峰波谷间有多少个相对小的波峰波谷。经过多次反正验证，对比试验，这种粗糙度表面可以实现我们产品性能的最大化。这个数据可以作为日常生产调试工艺和品质检验的参考基准。
经过我司特殊工艺下制得的抛丸表面实现的表面状态达到以下条件：
表1
Figure PCTCN2015078563-appb-000001
通过本工艺，极大了提高了内表面涂层的抗刮性能和持久不粘性能。原因如下：由于经过抛丸以及硬氧处理，铝表面的平均硬度可以达到380-400HV，其中凸起部分由于尖点放点效应，尖点氧化膜厚度更高，硬度可以达到480-500HV，是传统不锈钢的3倍硬度。我们用炒田螺做实验，坚硬的田螺壳会与涂层表面发生刮擦，首先是与抛丸形成的20％硬度最高波峰接触，80％表面被保护。这种点接触可最大限度的降低田螺壳对涂层的伤害，即使经过长时间使用，造成损伤，也只是20％点被磨损，从目视效应也难以察觉，性能上仍具有同样的不粘性。同时，又会有新的第三波峰凸显出来作为最高点，并继续提供高强度的支撑，继续保持高抗刮性能和持久不粘性。同时我们通过这种叠加的抛丸工艺，最终实现并不完全对称的 波峰波谷表面，在波峰表面致密度略疏松，最相近的间距约为0.2-0.4mm，而在波谷间距为0.1-0.2mm，可实现对外接触的波峰比例较少，更多的涂层被有效的保护，降低涂层的被破坏几率。
经实际测试，该产品性能明显提升，具体表现数据为：
表2
Figure PCTCN2015078563-appb-000002
通过工艺路线的改变，通过先保护外表面，实现内表面单面氧化处理，降低工艺成本。通过以上几点综述，实现了铝合金不粘炒锅更长的使用寿命，更符合中国人消费习惯的持久不粘以及耐磨耐刮的中华炒锅。
抗刮效果评价：
一、抗刮效果评价方法：
炒田螺，将不粘锅大火加热1min后，将500g新鲜田螺倒入，进行爆炒，爆炒过程中适时加热少量自来水，确保不要烧糊即可。10分钟一个循环。炒完后观察内表面涂层的划伤情况，并进行煎鸡蛋测试。
二、测试结果如下表3
表3
Figure PCTCN2015078563-appb-000003

Claims (3)

  1. 一种不粘锅的加工工艺，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
    1)成型：
    2)除油：除去锅体表面的油污和氧化皮并吹干；
    3)热覆底：采用2500吨锻压机进行热覆底；
    4)清洗：用浓度2～3％，温度30～40℃，PH值12～14的氢氧化钠溶液清洗，然后用水洗干净；再用浓度1～2％，温度室温，PH值1～3的稀硝酸中和，最后用水洗干净后吹干；
    5)采用抛丸机对锅体内表面进行抛丸处理：首先，选取直径为1.2mm的不锈钢丸，于功率为11KW电机的离心力作用下，对锅体内表面进行预抛丸5-8s，锅体内表面形成有成正弦波状态的第一波峰和第一波谷，其波峰间距为1.5-2mm，深度为0.6-0.8mm；然后，选取直径为0.8mm的不锈钢丸，于功率为7.5KW电机，对锅体内表面进行深化抛丸10-15s,形成波峰间距为0.8-1.2mm，深度为0.3-0.5mm的第二波峰和第二波谷；最后，选取直径为0.4mm的不锈钢丸，于功率为5.5kw电机的离心力作用下，对锅体内表面进行精细化抛丸20-30s，形成波峰间距为0.2-0.4mm，深度为0.08-0.1mm的第三波峰和第三波谷；最终形成具有流线性的抛丸内表面；
    6)喷砂：采用压缩空气0.5～0.7MPa，以40目或60目的金刚砂高速喷射束将喷料高速喷射到锅体内表面；
    7)喷外涂：在锅体内表面喷PTFE涂料或苯基有机硅涂料，，于380～440℃或250～300℃的温度下烘烤10分钟，膜厚25～35um；
    8)硬质氧化处理：采用浓度为200g/L的硫酸，于温度-2～2℃下，用电压30～70V、电流密度2～3A/dm2的脉冲电源氧化20～30分钟，以形成35um以上的硬质氧化膜；
    9)喷内涂：待硬氧后，喷涂经PTFE涂料，在380～440℃的温度下烘烤10分钟，形成厚度为30～45um的不粘涂层。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种不粘锅的加工工艺，其特征在于：所述除油步骤中，先用浓度为5％的SCD脱脂粉，于PH值13，温度40～50℃下除油，除去表面的油污和氧化皮；水洗干净后再用浓度3～5％SCD抛光剂，于室温下，PH值2～3进行中和，最后水洗干净后吹干。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种不粘锅的加工工艺，其特征在于：所述热覆底步骤为：先通过将锅体加热到380-420℃，通过2000T-2500T的摩擦压力的冲击力将0.5mm厚的430不锈钢完整无孔的钢片压到加热过的锅体外表面上，将不锈钢片压到铝锅锅底，使钢片和锅底充分结合。
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