WO2016078206A1 - 温度控制系统 - Google Patents

温度控制系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016078206A1
WO2016078206A1 PCT/CN2015/070565 CN2015070565W WO2016078206A1 WO 2016078206 A1 WO2016078206 A1 WO 2016078206A1 CN 2015070565 W CN2015070565 W CN 2015070565W WO 2016078206 A1 WO2016078206 A1 WO 2016078206A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
temperature
circuit
operational amplifier
voltage
mos transistor
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PCT/CN2015/070565
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
柯福波
彭铁成
易明生
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深圳市科曼医疗设备有限公司
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Publication of WO2016078206A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016078206A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D23/00—Control of temperature
    • G05D23/19—Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means
    • G05D23/20—Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means with sensing elements having variation of electric or magnetic properties with change of temperature
    • G05D23/24—Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means with sensing elements having variation of electric or magnetic properties with change of temperature the sensing element having a resistance varying with temperature, e.g. a thermistor

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of temperature control, and in particular to a temperature control system.
  • a temperature control system includes: a temperature measuring circuit for periodically measuring a temperature of a target object and forming a voltage signal, and outputting; a control circuit coupled to the temperature measuring circuit for receiving the voltage signal and according to The voltage signal acquires a current temperature value of the target object, and sets a heating duration according to the preset target temperature value and the current temperature value; the heating duration is less than or equal to a measuring period of the temperature measuring circuit; and executing the circuit, The control circuit is connected to control the heating device to perform heating according to the heating time to achieve adjustment of the temperature of the target object.
  • the temperature measuring circuit includes a constant current source circuit, a temperature sensor, a voltage follower, and a first operational amplifier;
  • the constant current source circuit is configured to form a constant current source and output;
  • the temperature sensor respectively Connected to an output of the constant current source, a non-inverting input of the voltage follower; an output of the voltage follower is respectively connected to the control circuit and the non-inverting input of the first operational amplifier;
  • An inverting input of the first operational amplifier is coupled to an output of the constant current source circuit; an output of the first operational amplifier is coupled to the control circuit.
  • the constant current source circuit includes a reference source voltage chip, a first voltage dividing resistor, and a second voltage dividing resistor; the reference source voltage chip is configured to provide a reference source voltage; and the reference source voltage chip The voltage reference end is connected to one end of the first voltage dividing resistor; the other end of the first voltage dividing resistor is connected in series with the second voltage dividing resistor and grounded; the other end of the first voltage dividing resistor is also connected to the temperature sensor .
  • the constant current source circuit further includes a self-zeroing operational amplifier and a MOS transistor; a non-inverting input terminal of the self-tuning zero operational amplifier is coupled to the first voltage dividing resistor and the second component Between the voltage resistors, an inverting input terminal of the auto-zeroing operational amplifier is connected to a source of the MOS transistor; an output end of the self-tuning zero operational amplifier is connected to a gate of the MOS transistor; The drain of the tube is connected to the temperature sensor.
  • the temperature sensor is a platinum resistance sensor.
  • control circuit performs a temperature adjustment control using a proportional integral differential method.
  • control circuit uses a scaling factor of 1.6 to 5, an integration time constant of 3 to 10, and a differential time constant of 0.5 to 3.
  • the execution circuit includes a first MOS transistor and a relay; a gate of the first MOS transistor is connected to the control circuit, and is configured to control the first MOS transistor according to the heating duration
  • the conduction time is long; the drain of the first MOS transistor is connected to the relay coil; the other end of the relay coil is connected to the power supply input end; and the relay switch is connected to the heating device.
  • a feedback circuit is further included, the feedback circuit includes a second operational amplifier and a third operational amplifier; the execution circuit further includes a current transformer and a second MOS transistor; an input end of the current transformer Connected to the relay switch, the output end is respectively connected to the inverting input end of the second operational amplifier, the inverting input end of the third operational amplifier; the non-inverting input end of the second operational amplifier is the first reference a voltage input terminal; an output end of the second operational amplifier is connected to the control circuit; a non-inverting input terminal of the third operational amplifier is a second reference voltage input terminal; and outputs of the second operational amplifier are respectively a control circuit, a gate connection of the second MOS transistor; a drain of the second MOS transistor is connected to a source of the first MOS transistor, a source of the second MOS transistor is grounded; An operational amplifier is used to detect whether the heating device is activated; and the third operational amplifier is configured to detect whether the heating device is overheated.
  • a conversion circuit is further included; the conversion circuit is connected between the temperature measurement circuit and the control circuit, and is configured to convert an analog voltage signal output by the temperature measurement circuit into a digital voltage signal. Output to the control circuit.
  • the above temperature control system periodically detects the temperature of the target object and sets the on-time of the heating device in the measurement period according to the detected value to achieve temperature adjustment. According to the temperature change of the target object, the output is adjusted accordingly, which can improve the accuracy of temperature adjustment and reduce the temperature error.
  • the temperature measuring circuit outputs a voltage signal with an easy-to-control precision, which improves the accuracy of the measurement result, thereby further improving the accuracy of the temperature adjustment and reducing the temperature error.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the structure of a temperature control system in an embodiment
  • FIG. 2 is a structural block diagram of a temperature control system in another embodiment
  • FIG. 3 is a circuit schematic diagram of a temperature measuring circuit in the temperature control system in the embodiment shown in FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a relationship between a temperature of a platinum resistance sensor and a platinum resistance value in a temperature control system in the embodiment shown in FIG. 2;
  • Figure 5 is a circuit schematic diagram of a control circuit and its surrounding circuits in the temperature control system of the embodiment shown in Figure 2;
  • Figure 6 is a circuit schematic diagram of an execution circuit in the temperature control system of the embodiment shown in Figure 2;
  • Figure 7 is a circuit schematic diagram of a feedback circuit in the temperature control system of the embodiment shown in Figure 2.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the structure of a temperature control system in an embodiment, including a temperature measuring circuit 110, a control circuit 120, and an execution circuit 130.
  • the temperature measuring circuit 110, the control circuit 120, and the executing circuit 130 are electrically connected in sequence.
  • the temperature control system is used to adjust the temperature of the target object, and can be applied to a device such as a baby holding station that needs to adjust and control the temperature according to the temperature change of the target object.
  • the temperature measuring circuit 110 is configured to periodically measure the temperature of the target object and form a voltage signal, and then output the signal to the control circuit 120.
  • the control circuit 120 is configured to receive a voltage signal output by the temperature measuring circuit 110 and acquire a current temperature value of the target object according to the voltage signal.
  • the temperature measuring circuit 110 uses a platinum resistance sensor to realize the transition of the temperature value of the target object to the voltage signal, and the temperature measuring circuit 110 is a constant current source circuit. Therefore, after receiving the voltage signal value, the control circuit 120 can obtain the resistance value of the platinum resistor by calculation, thereby obtaining the current temperature value of the target object according to the resistance value.
  • the control circuit 120 compares the current temperature value of the target object with the preset target temperature value, thereby setting a heating duration according to the difference relationship between the two.
  • the heating duration is less than or equal to the measurement period of the temperature measuring circuit 110.
  • the execution circuit 130 controls the heating device according to the heating time to achieve temperature adjustment.
  • the adjustment of the heating power of the heating device can be achieved by controlling the heating time of the heating device.
  • the execution circuit 130 controls the heating device to stop heating, and waits for a new round of temperature measurement process of the temperature measuring circuit 110, thereby repeatedly changing the temperature of the target object according to the temperature change of the target object.
  • the heating time is adjusted to achieve precise adjustment of the temperature of the target object, and to avoid the inconvenience or inconvenience caused to the target object by the temperature of the target object being too high or too low.
  • the above temperature control system periodically detects the temperature of the target object and sets the on-time of the heating device in the measurement period according to the detected value to achieve temperature adjustment. According to the temperature change of the target object, the output is adjusted accordingly, which can improve the accuracy of temperature adjustment and reduce the temperature error.
  • the temperature measuring circuit 110 outputs a voltage signal with an easy-to-control precision, which improves the accuracy of the measurement result, thereby further improving the accuracy of the temperature adjustment and reducing the temperature error.
  • FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing the structure of a temperature control system in another embodiment, including a temperature measuring circuit 210, a control circuit 220, an executing circuit 230, and a feedback circuit 240.
  • the temperature measuring circuit 210 is connected to the control circuit 220
  • the executing circuit 230 is connected to the control circuit 220 and the feedback circuit 240, respectively.
  • Feedback circuit 240 is also coupled to control circuit 220.
  • the temperature measuring circuit 210 includes a constant current source circuit, a temperature sensor, a voltage follower, and a first operational amplifier. The circuit principle is shown in FIG. The temperature measuring circuit 210 periodically measures the temperature of the target object and forms a voltage signal for output.
  • the constant current source circuit includes a reference source voltage chip U11, a first voltage dividing resistor R88, a second voltage dividing resistor R89, a first filter capacitor C50, a self-zeroing operational amplifier U13A, and a MOS transistor Q1.
  • the reference source voltage chip U11 is used to generate a reference source voltage.
  • the voltage input terminal VIN of the reference source voltage chip U11 is connected to the AC power input terminal A+5V, and the voltage reference terminal VFEF is connected to the first voltage dividing resistor R88.
  • the reference source voltage generated by the reference source voltage chip U11 is 3.3V.
  • the first voltage dividing resistor R88 is connected in series with the second voltage dividing resistor R89 and the first capacitor C50.
  • One end of the first voltage dividing resistor R88 connected to the second voltage dividing resistor R89 is also connected to the non-inverting input terminal of the self-zeroing operational amplifier U13A.
  • the inverting input of the self-zeroing operational amplifier U13A is connected to the source of the MOS transistor Q1.
  • the power supply terminal of the self-tuning operational amplifier U13A is connected to the AC power input terminal A+5V, and the output terminal thereof is connected to the gate of the MOS transistor Q1.
  • the drain of the MOS transistor Q1 is connected to the third pin of the first connector J11.
  • the source of the MOS transistor Q1 is also grounded in series with the resistor R95.
  • a reference source voltage is generated by the reference source voltage chip U11, and a constant current source current is generated after the voltage division of the first voltage dividing resistor R88 and the second voltage dividing resistor R89.
  • the generated constant current source current passes through the high-precision self-regulating zero operational amplifier U13A and the low-power MOS transistor Q1 to form a precise current source with a constant current value, which is beneficial to improve the accuracy of the measurement result of the temperature measuring circuit.
  • a temperature sensor (not shown) is connected to other components in the temperature measuring circuit 210 through the first connector J11.
  • the temperature sensor uses a Pt100 thermal resistance to detect the temperature of the target object and output it in the form of a voltage, that is, a voltage signal is formed and output.
  • the fourth pin of the first connector J11 is grounded, the second pin is connected to the DC power input terminal D+5V, and the first pin is connected to the non-inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier U16B after the series resistor R90. .
  • the non-inverting input of operational amplifier U16B is also connected in series with capacitor C51 and grounded.
  • the inverting input of the operational amplifier U16B is connected to the series resistor R101 and grounded.
  • the inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier U16B is also connected in series with the capacitor C56 and the capacitor R97, and is connected to the output terminal of the operational amplifier U16B.
  • the output of operational amplifier U16B is coupled to the non-inverting input of voltage follower U14A.
  • the inverting input of voltage follower U14A is coupled to the output of voltage follower U14A.
  • the power supply terminal of the voltage follower U14A and the power supply terminal of the operational amplifier U16B are both connected to the AC power input terminal A+5V.
  • the output of the voltage follower U14A is connected in series with the resistor R94 and then connected to the non-inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier U15B.
  • the output of the voltage follower U14A is also connected to the control circuit 220 as an output terminal.
  • the non-inverting input of operational amplifier U15B is also connected in series with resistor R95 and is connected to the output of operational amplifier U15B.
  • the output terminal of the operational amplifier U15B is connected in series with the resistor R102 and then connected to the control circuit 220 as a temperature detection output terminal PROBE_TEMP (ie, a voltage signal output terminal).
  • the inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier U15B is connected to the non-inverting input terminal of the self-tuning operational amplifier U13A.
  • the inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier U15B is also connected in series with the resistor R104 and connected to the ground terminal of the operational amplifier U15B.
  • a constant current source formed by the MOS transistor Q1 passes through a temperature sensor (ie, a platinum resistor) connected to the first connector J11, and a voltage drop is generated. After the calculation of the operational amplifier and the voltage follower voltage follow A stable voltage signal is formed and output to the control circuit 220.
  • the above temperature control system further includes a conversion circuit connected between the temperature measuring circuit 210 and the control circuit 220.
  • the conversion circuit is configured to convert the analog voltage signal output by the temperature measuring circuit 210 into a digital voltage signal that can be read by the control circuit 220, and output the signal to the control circuit 220.
  • the conversion circuit uses an 18-bit externally extended AD chip MCP3421.
  • the temperature measuring circuit 210 can convert the temperature sensor voltage into the operating voltage range by the amplification processing of the operational amplifier.
  • the control circuit 220 is configured to receive a voltage signal and perform calculation according to the voltage signal to obtain a current temperature value of the target object.
  • the temperature measuring circuit 210 generates a voltage drop by generating a constant current source through the platinum resistor to output a corresponding voltage signal. Therefore, the obtained voltage signal is divided by the constant current source to obtain the platinum resistance value, so that the current temperature value of the target object is obtained by the correspondence between the temperature and the platinum resistance value.
  • Figure 4 is a table of temperature and platinum resistance values, where Temperature is the temperature value, Resistance Rt refers to the resistance value, Sensibility refers to the sensitivity, Permissible Deviation refers to the tolerance, limiting Value is the limit value.
  • the current temperature value of the target object can be known based on the platinum resistance value and its sensitivity.
  • the control circuit 220 obtains the platinum resistance value by first measuring the voltage forming voltage signal which is easy to control by the accuracy, and the test process is relatively easy to implement and has high precision. In the conventional temperature measurement, the resistance value of the platinum resistance is directly measured. When the temperature change of the target object is small, the resistance change of the platinum resistance is relatively small, so the resistance change is difficult to measure, and in this embodiment, The temperature control system can overcome this point very well.
  • the control circuit 220 compares the learned current temperature value with the preset target temperature value and sets a heating duration based on the difference relationship between the two.
  • the heating duration is less than or equal to the measurement period of the temperature measuring circuit 210.
  • the measurement period of the temperature measuring circuit 210 is 2 minutes, that is, the temperature measuring circuit 210 performs one measurement every 2 minutes. Therefore, the heating cycle is also 2 minutes.
  • the control circuit 220 needs to set a heating duration according to the temperature relationship between the two, and control the heating time in the temperature cycle, that is, the heating duration can be changed within 0 to 2 minutes according to the calculation.
  • the heating process is continuous heating.
  • the heating device stops heating, and waits for the temperature measuring circuit 210 to perform a new round of temperature measurement, thereby calculating the next measurement according to the actual measurement.
  • the actual heating time of the cycle is continuously corrected for the heating time of the output to achieve effective and precise control of the target temperature and reduce the temperature error.
  • the specific heating time is selected by actually measuring the data size of the feedback, thereby controlling the heating power of the heating device to achieve the purpose of temperature regulation.
  • the length of the temperature measurement period can be set according to specific work objects and temperature control requirements.
  • the microcontroller needs to use a timer for all clocks of the system, such as display refresh, keyboard scan, and so on.
  • the temperature measurement period is relatively long, so the 2 minute (that is, the temperature measurement period) is subdivided, and every minute is divided into 100 equal parts, then two minutes is 200 equal parts, thus achieving With 200 output levels, the output ratio is already thin enough.
  • Another benefit of dividing into 200 equal parts is that the 8-bit MCU corresponding to STM32 can be processed in one byte, the processing is simple and the operation speed is fast.
  • the 2 minute period may be too short, we can achieve by changing the basic timing constant, while maintaining 200 equal parts. .
  • the timing of the general single-chip microcomputer is 5-10ms, so it is necessary to additionally set a variable tTemp1 to count tTemp1 every time the timer interrupt occurs.
  • tTemp1 is set to reach 600ms when it reaches 60, and it is used as a basic output time unit. Therefore, when the time of the measurement cycle is modified, it is only necessary to modify the judgment boundary of the variable tTemp1. For example, when tTemp1 is set to 60 for 2 minutes, and tTemp1 is changed to 90 when the measurement period is 3 minutes, there is no need to modify other parts.
  • FIG. 5 is a circuit schematic diagram of the control circuit 220 and its surrounding circuits.
  • the control circuit 220 is implemented using the STM32 microcontroller U3.
  • the control circuit 220 implements temperature adjustment control using a proportional integral differentiation method (PID).
  • PID proportional integral differentiation method
  • the proportional coefficient Kp of the PID, the integral time constant Ti and the differential time constant Td can also be initially determined according to the actual working object of the temperature control system, and corresponding adjustments are made during the actual operation to achieve a relatively ideal effect.
  • the temperature control system is based on proportional adjustment, and the differential and integral are supplemented.
  • the proportional coefficient Kp is 1.6-5, the integral time constant Ti is 3-10, and the differential time constant Td is 0.5-3.
  • the control circuit 220 continuously outputs the PWM pulse signal for the heating duration to control the execution circuit 230 to control the heating device for heating.
  • the execution circuit 230 is configured to control the heating device to perform heating according to the heating duration output by the control circuit 220 to achieve adjustment of the target temperature.
  • the circuit principle of the execution circuit 230 is as shown in FIG. 6.
  • the execution circuit 230 includes a first MOS transistor Q2, a second MOS transistor Q3, a diode D6, an inductor L2, a relay LS1, a current transformer U4, a full bridge rectifier circuit, a second connection interface J4, and the like.
  • the gate of the first MOS transistor Q2 is connected to the pulse signal output terminal PWM_JRQ_A of the control unit 220 after being connected in series with the resistor R17.
  • the gate of the first MOS transistor Q2 is also grounded in series with the resistor R3.
  • the source of the first MOS transistor Q2 is connected to the drain of the second MOS transistor Q3.
  • the source of the second MOS transistor Q3 is grounded, and the gate series resistor R18 is connected to the feedback circuit 240.
  • the drain of the first MOS transistor Q2 is connected to the coil of the relay LS1 after being connected in series with the inductor L2.
  • the drain of the first MOS transistor Q2 is also connected in series with the diode D6 and connected to the DC power input terminal D+12V.
  • the anode of the diode D6 is connected to the drain of the first MOS transistor Q2, and the cathode is connected to the DC power input terminal D+12V.
  • the switches of the relay LS1 are respectively connected to the current transformer U4 and the second connector J4.
  • the second connector J4 is for connection to a heating device.
  • the output of the current transformer U4 is connected in parallel with the full-bridge rectifier circuit after the resistor R2 is connected in parallel.
  • the execution circuit 230 employs a MOS transistor having advantages of low power consumption, fast response, small leakage current, small turn-on voltage, and the like, and uses a solid state relay.
  • the first MOS transistor Q1 When the single chip U3 of the control circuit 220 outputs a high level, the first MOS transistor Q1 is turned on, the coil of the relay JS1 is energized, the relay switch is closed, the heating circuit is turned on, and the heating device enters the heating state. At the same time, the current will pass through the current transformer U4 and generate a voltage on the resistor R2, which is rectified by the full bridge rectifier circuit to obtain a stable voltage and then output to the feedback circuit 240.
  • the on-time of the relay JS1 is controlled by the on-time of the MOS transistor Q1, thereby controlling the heating duration of the heating device to adjust the target temperature.
  • the feedback circuit 240 includes a second operational amplifier U6A and a third operational amplifier U6B, as shown in FIG.
  • the inverting input of the first operational amplifier U6A and the inverting input of the second operational amplifier U6B are both connected to the output of the full bridge rectifier circuit, ie for receiving the voltage value generated by it.
  • the non-inverting input terminal of the second operational amplifier U6A is a first reference voltage terminal, and the reference voltage value thereof can be determined by the resistor R231 and the resistor R34.
  • One end of the resistor R231 is connected to the DC power input terminal D+5V, and the other end is connected to the resistor R34 and the non-inverting input terminal of the second operational amplifier U6A.
  • the output of the second operational amplifier U6A is connected to the microcontroller U3 of the control circuit 220.
  • the non-inverting input terminal of the third operational amplifier U6B serves as a second reference power supply terminal, and the reference voltage thereof can be set through the resistor R27, the resistor R29, and the resistor R32.
  • the non-inverting input terminals of the third operational amplifier U6B are connected in series with the resistor R27 and the resistor R28, respectively, and are connected to the DC power input terminal D+5V.
  • the non-inverting input of the third operational amplifier U6B is also connected in series with the resistor R32 and grounded.
  • the output terminal TP_OVER_C of the third operational amplifier U6B is respectively connected to the gate of the second MOS transistor Q3 and the single chip U3.
  • the first reference voltage is the starting voltage value of the heating device, that is, the second operational amplifier U6A is used to detect whether the heating device is activated.
  • the second operational amplifier U6A outputs a low level (ie, the voltage value of the inverting input terminal is higher than the first reference voltage)
  • the second reference voltage is a superheat voltage reference value, that is, the third operational amplifier U6B is used to detect whether the heating device is overheated.
  • the third operational amplifier U6B When the third operational amplifier U6B outputs a low level (ie, the voltage value of the inverting input terminal is higher than the second reference voltage), it can be confirmed that the heating device is overheated, and the second MOS transistor Q3 is directly controlled to be disconnected by the low level.
  • the execution circuit 230 is caused to stop working, so that the heating device stops heating, and the system achieves timely and effective overheat protection.
  • the overheating information is also fed back to the control circuit 220, so that the control circuit 220 performs corresponding control processing according to the overheating information.
  • the first reference voltage is set to 0.489V
  • the second reference voltage is set to 4.237V.
  • the voltage values of the two can be continuously set according to specific conditions.
  • the above temperature control system can achieve precise control of the temperature of the target object and reduce the temperature error.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Control Of Resistance Heating (AREA)
  • Control Of Temperature (AREA)

Abstract

一种温度控制系统，包括：温度测量电路（110，210），用于对目标物体的温度进行周期性测量并形成电压信号后输出；控制电路（120，220），与温度测量电路（110，210）连接，用于接收电压信号并根据电压信号获取目标物体的当前温度值，并根据预设目标温度值和当前温度值设定加热时长，加热时长小于或等于温度测量电路（110，210）的测量周期；执行电路（130，230），与控制电路（120，220）连接，用于控制加热设备按加热时长进行加热以实现对目标物体的温度的调节。温度控制系统会周期性地对目标物体的温度进行检测并根据检测值对测量周期内的加热设备的导通时间进行设定实现对温度调节。根据目标物体的温度变化对输出进行相应的调整，能够提高温度调节的精准度，减少了温度误差。

Description

温度控制系统
【技术领域】
本发明涉及温度控制技术领域，特别是涉及一种温度控制系统。
【背景技术】
传统的温度控制系统（例如保温台中）都存在不同程度的温度误差。虽然部分温度采集装置的采集温度可以精确到 0.1 摄氏度，但是整个系统的温度却很难精准的跟随被加温物体温度变化而进行调整，导致系统的温度与目标温度之间存在较大的温度误差。
【发明内容】
基于此，有必要针对上述问题，提供一种温度误差小的温度控制系统。
一种温度控制系统，包括：温度测量电路，用于对目标物体的温度进行周期性测量并形成电压信号后输出；控制电路，与所述温度测量电路连接，用于接收所述电压信号并根据所电压信号获取目标物体的当前温度值，并根据预设目标温度值和所述当前温度值设定加热时长；所述加热时长小于或等于所述温度测量电路的测量周期；执行电路，与所述控制电路连接，用于控制加热设备按所述加热时长进行加热以实现对目标物体的温度的调节。
在其中一个实施例中，所述温度测量电路包括恒流源电路、温度传感器、电压跟随器以及第一运算放大器；所述恒流源电路用于形成恒流源并输出；所述温度传感器分别与所述恒流源的输出端、所述电压跟随器的同相输入端连接；所述电压跟随器的输出端分别与所述控制电路、所述第一运算放大器的同相输入端连接；所述第一运算放大器的反相输入端与所述恒流源电路的输出端连接；所述第一运算放大器的输出端与所述控制电路连接。
在其中一个实施例中，所述恒流源电路包括基准源电压芯片、第一分压电阻以及第二分压电阻；所述基准源电压芯片用于提供基准源电压；所述基准源电压芯片的电压参考端与第一分压电阻的一端连接；所述第一分压电阻的另一端串联第二分压电阻后接地；所述第一分压电阻的另一端还与所述温度传感器连接。
在其中一个实施例中，所述恒流源电路还包括自调零运算放大器以及MOS管；所述自调零运算放大器的同相输入端连接于所述第一分压电阻和所述第二分压电阻之间，所述自调零运算放大器的反相输入端与所述MOS管的源极连接；所述自调零运算放大器的输出端与所述MOS管的栅极连接；所述MOS管的漏极与所述温度传感器连接。
在其中一个实施例中，所述温度传感器为铂电阻传感器。
在其中一个实施例中，所述控制电路采用比例积分微分方法进行温度调节控制。
在其中一个实施例中，所述控制电路采用的比例系数为1.6～5，积分时间常数为3～10，微分时间常数为0.5～3。
在其中一个实施例中，所述执行电路包括第一MOS管以及继电器；所述第一MOS管的栅极与所述控制电路连接，用于根据所述加热时长控制所述第一MOS管的导通时长；所述第一MOS管的漏极与所述继电器线圈连接；所述继电器线圈的另一端与供电电源输入端连接；所述继电器开关与所述加热设备连接。
在其中一个实施例中，还包括反馈电路，所述反馈电路包括第二运算放大器以及第三运算放大器；所述执行电路还包括电流互感器以及第二MOS管；所述电流互感器的输入端与所述继电器开关连接，输出端分别与所述第二运算放大器的反相输入端、所述第三运算放大器的反相输入端连接；所述第二运算放大器的同相输入端为第一参考电压输入端；所述第二运算放大器的输出端与所述控制电路连接；所述第三运算放大器的同相输入端为第二参考电压输入端；所述第二运算放大器的输出端分别与所述控制电路、所述第二MOS管的栅极连接；所述第二MOS管的漏极与所述第一MOS管源极连接，所述第二MOS管的源极接地；所述第二运算放大器用于检测所述加热设备是否启动；所述第三运算放大器用于检测所述加热设备是否处于过热。
在其中一个实施例中，还包括转换电路；所述转换电路连接于所述温度测量电路和所述控制电路之间，用于将所述温度测量电路输出的模拟电压信号转换为数字电压信号后输出给所述控制电路。
上述温度控制系统会周期性地对目标物体的温度进行检测并根据检测值对测量周期内的加热设备的导通时间进行设定实现对温度调节。根据目标物体的温度变化对输出进行相应的调整，能够提高温度调节的精准度，减少温度误差。同时，温度测量电路输出的是精准度易于控制的电压信号，提高了测量结果的精准度，从而进一步提高了温度调节的准确度并减少了温度误差。
【附图说明】
图1为一实施例中的温度控制系统的结构框图；
图2为另一实施例中的温度控制系统的结构框图；
图3为图2所示实施例中的温度控制系统中的温度测量电路的电路原理图；
图4为图2所示实施例中的温度控制系统中的铂电阻传感器的温度和铂电阻阻值对应关系图；
图5为图2所示实施例中的温度控制系统中的控制电路及其周围电路的电路原理图；
图6为图2所示实施例中的温度控制系统中的执行电路的电路原理图；
图7为图2所示实施例中的温度控制系统中的反馈电路的电路原理图。
【具体实施方式】
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合附图及实施例，对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。
图1所示为一实施例中的温度控制系统的结构框图，包括温度测量电路110、控制电路120以及执行电路130。其中，温度测量电路110、控制电路120以及执行电路130依次电性连接。温度控制系统用于对目标物体的温度进行调节，可以适用于婴儿保温台等需要根据目标物体的温度变化对温度进行调节控制的设备中。
温度测量电路110用于对目标物体的温度进行周期性测量并形成电压信号后输出给控制电路120。控制电路120用于接收温度测量电路110输出的电压信号并根据该电压信号获取目标物体的当前温度值。在本实施例中，温度测量电路110是采用铂电阻传感器来实现目标物体的温度值到电压信号的转变，且温度测量电路110为恒流源电路。因此控制电路120在接收到该电压信号值后通过计算即可获得该铂电阻的阻值，从而根据其阻值获知目标物体的当前温度值。控制电路120对目标物体的当前温度值以及预设目标温度值进行比较，从而根据二者之间的差值关系设定一加热时长。加热时长小于或等于温度测量电路110的测量周期。执行电路130根据该加热时长对加热设备进行控制从而实现对温度的调节。通过对加热设备的加热时长的控制，可以实现对加热设备的加热功率的调节。在本实施例中，当加热时长到达后，执行电路130会控制加热设备停止加热，并等待温度测量电路110的新一轮的温度测量过程，从而周而复始的根据目标物体的温度变化对加热设备的加热时长进行调整，实现对目标物体的温度的精准调节，避免目标物体温度过高或者过低给目标物体所带来的不适应或者不便。
上述温度控制系统会周期性地对目标物体的温度进行检测并根据检测值对测量周期内的加热设备的导通时间进行设定实现温度调节。根据目标物体的温度变化对输出进行相应的调整，能够提高温度调节的精准度，减少温度误差。同时，温度测量电路110输出的是精准度易于控制的电压信号，提高了测量结果的精准度，从而进一步提高了温度调节的准确度并减少了温度误差。
图2所示为另一实施例中的温度控制系统的结构框图，包括温度测量电路210、控制电路220、执行电路230以及反馈电路240。其中，温度测量电路210与控制电路220连接，执行电路230分别与控制电路220和反馈电路240连接。反馈电路240还与控制电路220连接。
温度测量电路210包括恒流源电路、温度传感器、电压跟随器以及第一运算放大器等，其电路原理如图3所示。温度测量电路210会周期性的对目标物体的温度进行测量并形成电压信号后输出。恒流源电路包括基准源电压芯片U11、第一分压电阻R88、第二分压电阻R89、第一滤波电容C50、自调零运算放大器U13A以及MOS管Q1。其中，基准源电压芯片U11用于产生基准源电压。基准源电压芯片U11的电压输入端VIN与交流电源输入端A+5V连接，电压参考端VFEF与第一分压电阻R88连接。在本实施例中，基准源电压芯片U11产生的基准源电压为3.3V。第一分压电阻R88分别串联第二分压电阻R89、第一电容C50后接地。第一分压电阻R88与第二分压电阻R89连接的一端还与自调零运算放大器U13A的同相输入端连接。自调零运算放大器U13A的反相输入端连接于MOS管Q1的源极。自调零运算放大器U13A的电源端与交流电源输入端A+5V连接，其输出端与MOS管Q1的栅极连接。MOS管Q1的漏极则连接于第一连接器J11的第三引脚。MOS管Q1的源极还串联电阻R95后接地。在本实施例中，通过基准源电压芯片U11产生一基准源电压，经过第一分压电阻R88和第二分压电阻R89的分压后产生一恒流源电流。产生的恒流源电流经过高精度的自调零运算放大器U13A和低功耗的MOS管Q1后形成具有恒定电流值的精准电流源，有利于提高温度测量电路测量结果的精准度。
温度传感器（图中未示）是通过第一连接器J11与温度测量电路210中其他元件进行连接的。在本实施例中温度传感器采用Pt100热电阻来对目标物体的温度进行检测并以电压形式输出，即形成电压信号后输出。在本实施例中，第一连接器J11的第四引脚接地，第二引脚与直流电源输入端D+5V连接，第一引脚则串联电阻R90后与运算放大器U16B的同相输入端连接。运算放大器U16B的同相输入端还串联电容C51后接地。运算放大器U16B的反相输入端串联电阻R101后接地。运算放大器U16B的反相输入端还分别串联电容C56、电容R97后连接于运算放大器U16B的输出端。运算放大器U16B的输出端连接于电压跟随器U14A的同相输入端。电压跟随器U14A的反相输入端连接于电压跟随器U14A的输出端。电压跟随器U14A的电源端和运算放大器U16B的电源端均与交流电源输入端A+5V连接。电压跟随器U14A的输出端串联电阻R94后连接于运算放大器U15B的同相输入端，电压跟随器U14A的输出端还串联电阻R93后作为输出端与控制电路220连接。运算放大器U15B的同相输入端还串联电阻R95后连接于运算放大器U15B的输出端。运算放大器U15B的输出端串联电阻R102后作为温度检测输出端PROBE_TEMP（即电压信号输出端）与控制电路220连接。运算放大器U15B的反相输入端串联电阻R103后连接于自调零运算放大器U13A的同相输入端。运算放大器U15B的反相输入端还串联电阻R104后与运算放大器U15B的接地端连接后接地。
在本实施例中，经过MOS管Q1形成的恒流源通过第一连接器J11连接的温度传感器（即铂电阻）时会产生压降，在经过运算放大器的计算以及电压跟随器的电压跟随后形成稳定的电压信号输出给控制电路220。上述温度控制系统还包括转换电路，连接于温度测量电路210和控制电路220之间。转换电路用于将温度测量电路210输出的模拟电压信号转换为控制电路220所能够读取的数字电压信号后输出给控制电路220。具体地，转换电路采用18位的外扩AD芯片MCP3421。在本实施例中，温度测量电路210通过运算放大器的放大处理可以将温度传感器电压转换到工作电压范围内。
控制电路220用于接收电压信号并根据该电压信号进行计算以获得目标物体当前的温度值。在本实施例中，温度测量电路210通过产生一恒流源经过铂电阻上形成压降从而输出对应的电压信号。因此将获得的电压信号除以恒流源即可以获得铂电阻阻值，从而通过温度和铂电阻阻值对应关系获知目标物体的当前温度值。图4为温度和铂电阻阻值对应表，其中Temperature是指温度值，Resistance Rt是指电阻值，Sensibility是指灵敏度，Permissible Deviation是指允许偏差，limiting value是指极限值。因此，根据铂电阻阻值以及其灵敏度等信息既可以获知目标物体的当前温度值。控制电路220通过先测量精准度易于控制的电压形成电压信号再计算获得铂电阻阻值，测试过程较为容易实现且精准度较高。而传统的温度测量，多采用直接测量铂电阻的阻值变化情况，当目标物体的温度变化较小时，铂电阻的阻值变化比较微小，因此其阻值变化较难测量，而本实施例中的温度控制系统可以很好的克服该点。
控制电路220会对获知的当前温度值和预设目标温度值进行比较，并根据二者之间的差值关系设定一个加热时长。加热时长小于或者等于温度测量电路210的测量周期。在本实施例中，温度测量电路210的测量周期为2分钟，即温度测量电路210每间隔2分钟进行过一次测量。因此加热周期也为2分钟。控制电路220需要根据二者的温度关系设定一个加热时长，对温度周期内的加热时间进行控制，即根据计算可以让加热时长在0～2分钟内变化。加热过程为连续加热，在加热时长到达而加热周期（即测量周期）还未到达时，加热设备停止进行加热，并等待温度测量电路210进行新一轮的温度测量，从而根据实际测量计算下一周期实际的加热时长，周而复始不断地修正输出的加热时长，以达到对目标温度的有效精准控制，降低温度误差。通过实际测量反馈的数据大小来选择具体的加热时长，从而控制加热设备的加热功率，以达到温度调节的目的。在其他的实施例中，温度测量周期的长短可以根据具体的工作对象以及温度控制要求进行设定。
为了处理过程的方便，单片机需要使用一个定时器用于系统全部时钟，例如显示刷新、键盘扫描等。相对于单片机的计算来说，温度的测量周期比较长，所以对2分钟（即温度测量周期）进行细分，将每分钟划分为100等份，则两分钟就是200等份，这样就达到了200个输出等级了，这样的输出比例已经足够细。划分为200等份的另一个好处是，对应于STM32的8位单片机刚好可以在一个字节内进行处理，处理过程简单且运算速度快。当需要改变测量周期（有些不同的加热对象，例如对较大热惯性的加热对象）时，可能2分钟周期太短，我们可以通过修改基本定时常数的办法来实现，而保持200等分不变。具体地，对2分钟进行200等份的划分，则基本单位是T=60*2/200=0.6ms，这对于单片机来说太长了。为了显示、键盘等的处理，一般单片机的定时在5－10ms，所以就需要另外设定一个变量tTemp1在每一个定时中断发生时对tTemp1计数。例如：本系统的定时器的定时常数对应于10ms，则设定tTemp1在达到60的时候确认是达到600ms，才作为一个基本的输出时间单位。因此，当测量周期的时间修改后，而只要修改变量tTemp1的判断边界就可以了。例如对应于2分钟时，tTemp1设定为60，则在测量周期时为3分钟时，将tTemp1改为90即可，而无需对其他部分进行修改。
图5为控制电路220以及其周围电路的电路原理图。控制电路220是采用STM32单片机U3来实现的。在本实施例中，控制电路220采用比例积分微分方法（PID）来实现温度调节控制。PID方法具有结构简单、稳定性能好、可靠性高等优点。PID的比例系数Kp、积分时间常数Ti以及微分时间常数Td也可以根据温度控制系统的实际工作对象去进行初步确定，并在实际运行过程中进行相应的调节，以便达到相对理想的效果。本温度控制系统采用比例调节为基础，微分、积分为辅，其比例系数Kp为1.6～5，积分时间常数Ti为3～10，微分时间常数Td为0.5～3。控制电路220会在加热时长内连续输出PWM脉冲信号以控制执行电路230控制加热设备进行加热。
执行电路230用于控制加热设备按控制电路220输出的加热时长进行加热以实现对目标温度的调节。执行电路230的电路原理如图6所示。执行电路230包括第一MOS管Q2、第二MOS管Q3、二极管D6、电感L2、继电器LS1、电流互感器U4、全桥整流电路以及第二连接接口J4等。其中，第一MOS管Q2的栅极串联电阻R17后与控制单元220的脉冲信号输出端PWM_JRQ_A连接。第一MOS管Q2的栅极还串联电阻R3后接地。第一MOS管Q2的源极连接于第二MOS管Q3的漏极。第二MOS管Q3的源极接地，栅极串联电阻R18后与反馈电路240连接。第一MOS管Q2的漏极串联电感L2后连接于继电器LS1的线圈。第一MOS管Q2的漏极还串联二极管D6后与直流电源输入端D+12V连接。二极管D6的正极连接于第一MOS管Q2的漏极，负极连接于直流电源输入端D+12V。继电器LS1的开关分别与电流互感器U4、第二连接器J4连接。第二连接器J4用于与加热设备连接。电流互感器U4的输出端并联电阻R2后与全桥整流电路进行连接。在本实施例中，执行电路230采用的是具有功耗小、反应快以及漏电流小、开启电压小等优点的MOS管，并采用固态继电器。
当控制电路220的单片机U3输出高电平时，第一MOS管Q1导通，继电器JS1的线圈得电，继电器开关吸合，加热电路导通，加热设备进入加热状态。同时电流会经过电流互感器U4并在电阻R2上产生电压，经过全桥整流电路的整流后得到一个稳定的电压之后输出给反馈电路240。通过对MOS管Q1的导通时间来控制继电器JS1的导通时间，进而控制加热设备的加热时长，实现对目标温度的调节。
反馈电路240包括第二运算放大器U6A和第三运算放大器U6B，如图7所示。第一运算放大器U6A的反相输入端和第二运算放大器U6B的反相输入端均与全桥整流电路的输出端连接，即用于接收其产生的电压值。第二运算放大器U6A的同相输入端为第一参考电压端，其参考电压值可以通过电阻R231和电阻R34确定。电阻R231的一端连接于直流电源输入端D+5V，另一端则分别连接电阻R34、第二运算放大器U6A的同相输入端。第二运算放大器U6A的输出端与控制电路220的单片机U3连接。第三运算放大器U6B的同相输入端作为第二参考电源端，其参考电压可以通过电阻R27、电阻R29以及电阻R32进行设定。第三运算放大器U6B的同相输入端分别串联电阻R27和电阻R28后与直流电源输入端D+5V连接。第三运算放大器U6B的同相输入端还串联电阻R32后接地。第三运算放大器U6B的输出端TP_OVER_C则分别与第二MOS管Q3的栅极、单片机U3连接。
在本实施例中，第一参考电压为加热设备的启动电压值，即第二运算放大器U6A用于检测加热设备是否启动。当第二运算放大器U6A输出低电平（即反相输入端的电压值高于第一参考电压时）即可以确认加热设备已经启动，并将该信息反馈给控制电路220。第二参考电压为过热电压参考值，即第三运算放大器U6B用于检测加热设备是否过热。当第三运算放大器U6B输出低电平（即反相输入端的电压值高于第二参考电压时）即可确认加热设备处于过热，并通过该低电平直接控制第二MOS管Q3断开，使得执行电路230停止工作，从而使得加热设备停止加热，对系统实现及时有效的过热保护。同时，还将该过热信息反馈给控制电路220，以便于控制电路220根据该过热信息进行相应的控制处理。在本实施例中，第一参考电压设定为0.489V，第二参考电压设定为4.237V。在其他的实施例中，二者的电压值可以根据具体情况继续设定。
上述温度控制系统可以实现对目标物体温度的精准控制，减小温度误差。
以上所述实施例的各技术特征可以进行任意的组合，为使描述简洁，未对上述实施例中的各个技术特征所有可能的组合都进行描述，然而，只要这些技术特征的组合不存在矛盾，都应当认为是本说明书记载的范围。
以上所述实施例仅表达了本发明的几种实施方式，其描述较为具体和详细，但并不能因此而理解为对发明专利范围的限制。应当指出的是，对于本领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明构思的前提下，还可以做出若干变形和改进，这些都属于本发明的保护范围。因此，本发明专利的保护范围应以所附权利要求为准。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种温度控制系统，其特征在于，包括：
    温度测量电路，用于对目标物体的温度进行周期性测量并形成电压信号后输出；
    控制电路，与所述温度测量电路连接，用于接收所述电压信号并根据所电压信号获取目标物体的当前温度值，并根据预设目标温度值和所述当前温度值设定加热时长；所述加热时长小于或等于所述温度测量电路的测量周期；
    执行电路，与所述控制电路连接，用于控制加热设备按所述加热时长进行加热以实现对目标物体的温度的调节。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的温度控制系统，其特征在于，所述温度测量电路包括恒流源电路、温度传感器、电压跟随器以及第一运算放大器；所述恒流源电路用于形成恒流源并输出；所述温度传感器分别与所述恒流源的输出端、所述电压跟随器的同相输入端连接；所述电压跟随器的输出端分别与所述控制电路、所述第一运算放大器的同相输入端连接；所述第一运算放大器的反相输入端与所述恒流源电路的输出端连接；所述第一运算放大器的输出端与所述控制电路连接。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的温度控制系统，其特征在于，所述恒流源电路包括基准源电压芯片、第一分压电阻以及第二分压电阻；所述基准源电压芯片用于提供基准源电压；所述基准源电压芯片的电压参考端与第一分压电阻的一端连接；所述第一分压电阻的另一端串联第二分压电阻后接地；所述第一分压电阻的另一端还与所述温度传感器连接。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的温度控制系统，其特征在于，所述恒流源电路还包括自调零运算放大器以及MOS管；所述自调零运算放大器的同相输入端连接于所述第一分压电阻和所述第二分压电阻之间，所述自调零运算放大器的反相输入端与所述MOS管的源极连接；所述自调零运算放大器的输出端与所述MOS管的栅极连接；所述MOS管的漏极与所述温度传感器连接。
  5. 根据权利要求2～4任一所述的温度控制系统，其特征在于，所述温度传感器为铂电阻传感器。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的温度控制系统，其特征在于，所述控制电路采用比例积分微分方法进行温度调节控制。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的温度控制系统，其特征在于，所述控制电路采用的比例系数为1.6～5，积分时间常数为3～10，微分时间常数为0.5～3。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的温度控制系统，其特征在于，所述执行电路包括第一MOS管以及继电器；所述第一MOS管的栅极与所述控制电路连接，用于根据所述加热时长控制所述第一MOS管的导通时长；所述第一MOS管的漏极与所述继电器线圈连接；所述继电器线圈的另一端与供电电源输入端连接；所述继电器开关与所述加热设备连接。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的温度控制系统，其特征在于，还包括反馈电路，所述反馈电路包括第二运算放大器以及第三运算放大器；所述执行电路还包括电流互感器以及第二MOS管；所述电流互感器的输入端与所述继电器开关连接，输出端分别与所述第二运算放大器的反相输入端、所述第三运算放大器的反相输入端连接；所述第二运算放大器的同相输入端为第一参考电压输入端；所述第二运算放大器的输出端与所述控制电路连接；所述第三运算放大器的同相输入端为第二参考电压输入端；所述第二运算放大器的输出端分别与所述控制电路、所述第二MOS管的栅极连接；所述第二MOS管的漏极与所述第一MOS管源极连接，所述第二MOS管的源极接地；所述第二运算放大器用于检测所述加热设备是否启动；所述第三运算放大器用于检测所述加热设备是否处于过热。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的温度控制系统，其特征在于，还包括转换电路；所述转换电路连接于所述温度测量电路和所述控制电路之间，用于将所述温度测量电路输出的模拟电压信号转换为数字电压信号后输出给所述控制电路。
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