WO2016074592A1 - 一种阵列天线可调移相装置和天线 - Google Patents

一种阵列天线可调移相装置和天线 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016074592A1
WO2016074592A1 PCT/CN2015/094083 CN2015094083W WO2016074592A1 WO 2016074592 A1 WO2016074592 A1 WO 2016074592A1 CN 2015094083 W CN2015094083 W CN 2015094083W WO 2016074592 A1 WO2016074592 A1 WO 2016074592A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
dielectric
strip line
dielectric element
network
cavity
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2015/094083
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李梓萌
斯莱德科夫⋅维克托
Original Assignee
李梓萌
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to US15/507,763 priority Critical patent/US10446896B2/en
Application filed by 李梓萌 filed Critical 李梓萌
Priority to EP15859899.5A priority patent/EP3220472B1/en
Priority to RU2017106918A priority patent/RU2650416C9/ru
Publication of WO2016074592A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016074592A1/zh

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Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01PWAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P1/00Auxiliary devices
    • H01P1/18Phase-shifters
    • H01P1/184Strip line phase-shifters
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01PWAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P1/00Auxiliary devices
    • H01P1/18Phase-shifters
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01PWAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P5/00Coupling devices of the waveguide type
    • H01P5/12Coupling devices having more than two ports
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00Antenna arrays or systems
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/24Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
    • H01Q1/241Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM
    • H01Q1/246Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for base stations
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/0006Particular feeding systems
    • H01Q21/0075Stripline fed arrays
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q23/00Antennas with active circuits or circuit elements integrated within them or attached to them
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
    • H01Q3/30Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array
    • H01Q3/32Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by mechanical means

Definitions

  • the present application relates to a medium phase shifter device, and more particularly to an array antenna adjustable phase shifting device and an antenna
  • the device is used to feed signals between a common transmission line and two or more ports, for example, from an input port of the array antenna to a radiator of the array antenna.
  • the base station ESC antenna realizes beam downtilt adjustment of the base station antenna through a phase shifter in the beamforming network, and has the advantages of large down-tilt angle range, high precision, good pattern control, strong anti-interference ability, and easy control. . Therefore, the phase shifter is an essential component of the base station antenna, and the device adjusts the downtilt angle of the antenna beam by changing the relative phase between the antenna elements, thereby facilitating the optimization of the communication network.
  • the constant thus changing the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave, is equivalent to the change in the electromagnetic wave travel, ie the change in the feed phase.
  • the second is to change the length of the feeder line, increase or decrease the length of the feeder line, that is, directly increase or decrease the stroke of the electromagnetic wave, thereby achieving the change of the feed phase.
  • a beamforming network is described in US Pat. No. 5,949, 303.
  • the technical solution is that the dielectric element piece moves between the chassis and the curved feed network to realize a phase shift function, and the phase difference between different output ports is passed.
  • the transmission line of the feed network is realized by different media coverage lengths.
  • the shortcoming of this scheme is: Since the curved return lines are all parallel to each other, the lateral direction of the device is relatively wide, and the relative position of the output interruption is constrained by the distribution, which is not conducive to reducing the reflected signal, and is not conducive to design with wide frequency.
  • the responsive components also add to the structural complexity of the phase shifter, which in some applications can be contradictory to reality.
  • a beamforming network is described in the CN1547788A patent, the technical proposal of which is to achieve phase shift of multiple ports by relative sliding between a highly integrated circuit board and a whole elongated medium plate.
  • the core idea is similar to US5949303, but the too slender dielectric plate is difficult to ensure long-term maintenance due to material and mechanical strength.
  • the deformed dielectric plate will be unevenly loaded during moving, which may cause the phase shifter to move.
  • the card is dead or affects the phase shift accuracy.
  • the purpose of the present application is to provide a new beam shaping network with improved structure and the application of the beamforming network, in view of the deficiencies of the existing beamforming network.
  • One aspect of the present application discloses an array antenna tunable phase shifting device for feeding signals between a common input port and two or more ports, the device including a conductor cavity, a feeder a branch network, a dielectric component, and a tie rod; a first edge of the conductor cavity is provided with an input port and an output port, and a second edge is provided with a tie rod of a dielectric element;
  • the feeder branch network includes a transformer metal rectangular cavity portion of different widths for subtracting Small signal reflection through the network, the feeder branch network couples part of the input port and the output port through one or more feeder nodes;
  • the dielectric element contains one or more transformer sections for reducing signal reflection through the network;
  • the drawbar is along the cavity Placed on the second edge, the dielectric element is attached to the tie rod, the dielectric element is adjacent to the feeder branch network portion and the dielectric element connected to the first node from the input port contains a transformer portion, and the remaining portion of the dielectric element Transforming only at the end that overlaps the feeder branch network section
  • the transformer portion of the dielectric element is formed by reducing the width of the dielectric element.
  • the transformer portion of the dielectric element is formed by reducing the thickness of the dielectric element.
  • the drawbar is made of a thermally elongated material, which is a metal or fiberglass.
  • the feeder branch network consists of a strip line located inside the conductor cavity; the conductor cavity is composed of two wide walls located on the strip line and the lower portion, and two narrow walls.
  • the conductor cavity is formed into a metal profile cavity by an extrusion process.
  • the conductor cavity comprises a plurality of longitudinally-oriented protruding latching portions, the longitudinally-oriented protruding latching positions being disposed on a wide cavity inner surface adjacent the second edge.
  • each dielectric element comprises two identical portions disposed between the wide walls of the conductor cavity, the two identical portions being respectively located on opposite sides of the strip line portion, the dielectric element Fixed to the lever.
  • each dielectric element is made in one piece and includes a longitudinal hollow slot for the placement of the strip line and a longitudinal bore or channel for connecting the tie rod.
  • each of the dielectric elements includes a longitudinal guide slot for projecting the longitudinally oriented tabs for placement on the inner surface of the wide wall.
  • the dielectric element is made of plastic by an extrusion process.
  • each dielectric element comprises a longitudinal hollow slot for receiving a strip line, the inner surface of the longitudinal hollow slot being provided with a chamfer guiding the strip line and a small for mounting the dielectric element on the tie rod The boss and the small boss are loaded into the holes in the tie rod.
  • the dielectric component is integrally formed by injection molding, and the dielectric component is provided with at least one notch for adjusting the contact area of the dielectric component with the feed network.
  • the strip line at least partially connected to the output port comprises a dielectric substrate and is located between the wide walls on either side of the strip line.
  • the substrate of the dielectric element is made of a material having a low dielectric constant.
  • the material having a low dielectric constant is a polyethylene foam.
  • the stripline at least partially connected to the output port comprises a non-conductive spacer, the spacer supporting a stripline between the wide walls.
  • the strip line is formed on one side of the substrate of the lower dielectric element, and the substrate supports a strip line between the wide walls.
  • the substrate of the upper dielectric element is located above the strip line on the substrate of the lower dielectric element.
  • the strip line is formed on both sides of the thin substrate of the dielectric element, the substrate supporting a strip line between the wide walls.
  • At least one of the feeders located between the node and the output port includes a wave impedance that is at least 20% higher than the impedance of the output port and the transformer portion connected to the output port.
  • Another aspect of the present application is an antenna comprising the apparatus of the present application, wherein at least two antenna elements are connected to an output port of the apparatus either directly or through a coaxial cable.
  • the array antenna adjustable phase shifting device of the present application is designed according to the phase shifting principle of the insertion medium method, the feeding network is highly integrated, adopts a strip line connection, and has no nonlinear electrical connection point, Good intermodulation characteristics;
  • the dielectric element placed in the guiding groove makes the transmission error small, the downward tilting precision is high, the transmission is smooth, and the dielectric element moves, and the phase shifting amount changes linearly.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an internal structure of a beam forming network in an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an overall appearance of a beam forming network in an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic overall cross-sectional view of a beam forming network in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 4 is a partially enlarged schematic structural view of a dielectric element in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an internal structure of a beam forming network in another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of an overall appearance of a beam forming network in another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic overall cross-sectional view of a beam forming network in another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of an overall appearance of a polymer beamforming network device in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a two-layer metal cavity of a polymer beamforming network device in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic overall cross-sectional view of a polymer beamforming network device in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram showing the internal structure of a polymer beamforming network device in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the array antenna adjustable phase shifting device of the present application comprises an input port, at least two output ports, a feeding network connecting the input and output ports, a dielectric substrate supporting the feeding network, a drawbar, and a rod a dielectric element piece and a rectangular metal cavity.
  • the feed network is highly integrated.
  • the feeder network connecting the array elements of the antenna array does not use cables. Instead, the strip lines are integrated in the feed network.
  • the feed network is fixed on the dielectric substrate of the two support feed networks. In the middle, the two ends of the conductor cavity are closed, and the other end faces are closed to form a long integrated rectangular cavity.
  • the feeding network with the dielectric block is installed on one side of the rectangular cavity, and the dielectric component block is fixed according to the design.
  • the upper and lower dielectric blocks of the dielectric element block sandwich the strip line of the feed network
  • the dielectric element block has a guiding groove
  • the other side of the metal cavity has a guiding groove and a guiding card position, in the metal cavity
  • the guiding card is stuck in the guiding groove of the dielectric component block
  • the pull rod is placed in the guiding groove of the metal cavity, so that the insulating dielectric block is pulled on the feeding grid by pulling the pull rod
  • the planar space of the surface moves.
  • This new beamforming network architecture shows that if an array antenna has N radiators, the beamforming network will have N-1 phase shifters, resulting in high quality patterns on the horizontal and vertical planes.
  • the feed network connecting the array elements of the antenna array does not use cables, but is integrated into the feed network using strip lines.
  • the feed network is highly integrated, and the feeder network connecting the array elements of the antenna array does not use cables, but is integrated into the feed network using strip lines.
  • the feed network is fixed between two symmetrical insulating dielectric substrates.
  • the insulating dielectric substrate has a fixed hole location for the fixed feed network.
  • the dielectric substrate is about longer than the length of the feed network.
  • the width of the feed network is about wider than the width of the dielectric substrate. There is no coverage of the dielectric substrate at the input and output ports of the feed network.
  • the beamforming network will include N-1 phase shifters.
  • the cavity in which the feed network is installed is a long conductor cavity at both ends of the mouth.
  • the narrow side wall of the conductor cavity has an input/output port mounting hole, and the wider surface has an insulating medium substrate fixing hole.
  • One side of the conductor cavity has a guiding groove and a guiding card.
  • a feed network with an insulating dielectric substrate mounted is disposed on one side of the side wall bore of the cavity.
  • a dielectric element piece is fixed to the sliding rod.
  • the dielectric element piece is vertically symmetrical with a narrow deep groove in the middle to the bottom thereof, but does not penetrate.
  • the strip line is located in the middle of a narrow deep groove of the dielectric element piece.
  • the dielectric element piece has a guide groove on one side.
  • the dielectric element has one or more notches on the sheet, and the shape and number of the notches are designed.
  • the bottom side of the dielectric element piece has a hot riveted post that holds the FRP rod.
  • the dielectric element piece may be composed of two dielectric sheets, or it may be integrally formed as one piece.
  • the dielectric element has a chamfer on the sheet to guide the strip line.
  • a sliding pull rod mounted with a dielectric element piece is disposed on a side of the cavity body having a guide groove and a guide card.
  • the conductor cavity in which the feed network is mounted is constructed as a single or multi-layer cavity. There is a small barrier cavity on the other side of the metal cavity, and the output input port is disposed in the small cavity.
  • FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment of the present invention, including output ports 8 a , 8b , 8 C , 8d , 8e , input port 9, and a sliding mechanism, package
  • the dielectric element blocks 2a, 2b and 4, the FRP rod 6, the sliding block 5, the FRP rod 6 have fixed holes, the dielectric element blocks 2a, 2b and 4 have plastic posts on one side, and the dielectric element block is passed through a hot riveting process.
  • 2a, 2b and 4 are fixed on the FRP rod 6, and the sliding block 5 is subjected to a large pulling force. We use the POM to make the sliding block 5.
  • the sliding block 5 is also designed with a cylinder, through the hot riveting process. It is fixed to the FRP rod 6.
  • Two identical dielectric substrates 7 are sandwiched by a strip line 3, and the dielectric substrate has fixed holes 10a, 10b, 10c, and the strip line 3 is tightly fixed to the two liners by using plastic fasteners or plastic hot riveting. Between the bottom.
  • the metal cavity 1 has a notch on one side, and the output ports 8a, 8b, 8c, 8d, 8e of the feed network, and the input port 9 are mounted in these notches. As shown in Fig.
  • the strip line 3 on which the dielectric substrate 7 is mounted is fixed in the metal cavity 1 by plastic rivets l la, l ib , 11c , l id , l ie , output ports 8a, 8b, 8c, 8d , 8e, the input port 9 is exposed to the outside of the metal cavity 1, and the FRP rod 6 can also be used as a scale.
  • FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the entire cavity, the glass steel rod 6
  • the dielectric element blocks 2a, 2b and 4 are provided with guiding grooves 13, and the guiding grooves 13 are carded on the guiding card 12 of the metal cavity 1, and the dielectric element piece has a chamfer 21a
  • the chamfer 21a serves to guide the strip line
  • the strip line 3 is disposed in the elongated slots in the dielectric element blocks 2a, 2b and 4.
  • the beamforming network of the ETA base station antenna of this example is shown in FIG. 5-7.
  • the solution of this example is basically similar to that of Embodiment 1, except that the input terminals 50a, 50b, 50c, 50d, 50e, and the output port 511. - a small cavity 512 is added to the side, as shown in FIG. 5, including a metal cavity 51, a metal cavity 51
  • the upper jaw has holes 50a, 50b, 50c, 50d, 50e, 511, a strip line 53, a substrate dielectric block 55 having fixed mounting holes 57 thereon, which are banded by plastic hot riveting or fasteners such as plastic screws.
  • the wire 53 is sandwiched between two identical substrate dielectric blocks 55 and mounted on one side of the input and output ports 511, 50a, 50b, 50c, 50d, 50e, and the dielectric element blocks 52, 54, 56 are heated by plastic
  • the riveting is fixed to the FRP rod 59, and the sliding block 58 is a POM material, which is also fixed to the FRP rod 59 by heat riveting. As shown in FIG.
  • 73 is a riveting point, and a FRP rod 59 is disposed in the guiding groove 72.
  • the sliding carriage 58 and the dielectric member block 56 have guiding grooves 71 which are disposed in the guiding card 74, the dielectric element block.
  • the upper jaw has an elongated slot,
  • the cross section has a chamfer 70 which, when the pull rod 59 is pulled, adjusts to guide the strip line.
  • the surface of the metal cavity has fixing holes 60a, 60b, 60c, 60d, 60e, and the dielectric substrate 55 and the strip line 53 are fixed in the cavity by plastic rivets.
  • 61a, 61b, 61c, 61d, 61e are the holes of the output port on the surface of the cavity
  • 62 is the hole of the input port on the surface of the cavity
  • 512 is a small cavity, closed output input port, in the dual-polarized antenna This design can effectively suppress coupling.
  • FIG. 8-11 The beamforming network device of the EA base station antenna of this example is shown in FIG. 8-11, and the device is actually superposed by the beamforming networks of the two embodiments.
  • Figure 11 shows the internal structure of the first layer, as shown in Figure 11, including a metal cavity 110, a feed network mounted therein, and a strip line 101 mounted between the two dielectric substrates 102, with fasteners
  • the holes 113, 117 are fixedly fastened and mounted on the output ports 12 0a, 120b, 120c, 120d, 120e, the input port 121, the side of the support end 83, and the dielectric member blocks 104, 114 are fixed on the sliding rod 106. , 116, slide the carriage 118.
  • One side of the metal cavity 110 has a small cavity structure 82 in which the input and output ports are located.
  • the cavity shown in Fig. 8 has a two-layer structure, Fig. 9 is a cross-sectional view thereof, and in Fig. 8, the holes 80a, 80b, 80c, 80d are fixed.
  • 80e has plastic rivet locking substrate 102, 85a, 85b, 85c, 85d, 85e is the hole of the output port ⁇ on the surface of the cavity, 84 is the hole of the input port ,, 83 is the support port, 82 is the small cavity Body, the input and output ports are located therein, and the upper and lower chambers are separated from each other. More specifically, as shown in FIG.
  • 10, 101 and 109 are strip lines in the upper and lower chambers, 102 and 108 dielectric substrates, and strip lines are sandwiched therebetween, and the dielectric element block has elongated slots and strips.
  • the line is located in the middle of the elongated slot, and the dielectric blocks 104 and 107 have chamfers 103 which act as strip lines.
  • the fiberglass tie rod 106 is located in a guide groove located in the cavity, and the slide carriage 105 is located in the cavity guide card. This pulls the FRP rod 106 ⁇ , and the entire part can move smoothly in the cavity.
  • Option 3 applies to long antenna designs or multi-band antenna designs.

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Abstract

本申请公开了一种阵列天线可调移相装置和天线。该装置包括一个馈线分支网络,网络含有不同宽度的变压器部分,用于减小通过网络的信号反射;网络通过一个或多个馈线结点和部分耦合输入端口与输出端口,输入输出端口设置于装置的第一边沿,安装有电介质元件的拉杆设置于装置的第二边沿,电介质元件安装在与这些馈线部分相邻的拉杆上,可以沿这些馈线部分的表面移动,同步调整与输出端口之间的相位关系,电介质元件含有一个或多个变压器部分,用于减少通过网络的信号反射,其中,与馈线部分相邻的以及与来自输入端口的第一个结点相连的电介质元件两端都含有变压器部分,其他电介质元件只在与部分馈线重叠的一端含有变压器部分。

Description

说明书 发明名称:一种阵列天线可调移相装置和天线 技术领域
[0001] 本申请涉及一种介质移相器装置, 特别涉及一种阵列天线可调移相装置和天线
, 该装置用来在一个公共传输线和两个或者两个以上的端口间馈送信号, 例如 , 从阵列天线的输入端口给阵列天线的辐射体馈电。
背景技术
[0002] 基站电调天线通过波束形成网络中的移相器实现基站天线的波束下倾调节, 具 有下倾角可调范围大、 精度高、 方向图控制好、 抗干扰能力强、 易于控制等优 点。 因此, 移相器是基站天线的一个必要组件, 该器件通过改变天线单元之间 的相对相位实现调节天线波束的下倾角度, 从而方便通信网络的优化。 在原理 上, 应用于电调基站天线的波束成形网络有两种方法可以实现, 一是在馈电线 路中插入介质的方法, 在电磁波传输的过程中, 插入的介质能够改变传输媒介 的介电常数, 从而改变电磁波的波长, 等效于电磁波行程的变化, 即馈电相位 的变化。 二是改变馈电线路的长度, 增加或减小馈电线路的长度, 也就是直接 地增加或减小电磁波的行程, 从而达到馈电相位的变化。 使用这种移相方法, 馈电线路幅度变化小、 插入损耗小, 但是有些实现方法会使移相量非线性变化 , 结构实现较复杂, 互调差。
[0003] US5949303专利中描述了一种波束成形网络, 其技术方案是, 电介质元件片在 底盘与弯曲状的馈电网络间移动方式实现了移相功能, 不同输出端口之间的相 位差是通过馈电网络的传输线介质覆盖长度不同而实现的。 这种方案的不足在 于: 由于弯曲的回线都是彼此平行的, 所以这个装置的横向比较宽, 其次输出 中断的相对位置会对分布造成约束, 不利于减小反射信号, 不利于设计具有宽 频带响应的部件, 同吋还增加了移相器的结构复杂度, 在某些应用中会与实际 相矛盾。
[0004] CN1547788A专利中描述了一种波束成形网络, 其技术方案是, 通过一块高度 集成的电路板与整块细长介质板间的相对滑动动而达到多个端口相移的目的, 其核心思想和 US5949303相似, 但过于细长的介质板由于材料及机械强度的原 因很难保证长期维持原状, 变形的介质板在移动吋会受力不均匀, 有可能导致 移相器在移动过程中卡死或影响移相精度等。
[0005] 综上可知, 现有技术在实际使用上, 显然存在不便与缺陷, 而随着移动通信技 术的突飞猛进, 基站天线趋于小型化, 宽频带, 多频段等是发展趋势。 针对这 些问题, 需要幵发制造成本低且高性能的创新移相器结构。
[0006] 发明内容
[0007] 本申请的目的是针对现有的波束成形网络的不足, 提供一种结构改进的新的波 束成形网络, 以及该波束成形网络的应用。
[0008] 为了达到以上目的, 本申请采用了如下技术方案。
[0009] 本申请的一方面公幵了一种阵列天线可调移相装置, 该装置用于在公共输入端 口与两个或更多端口之间馈送信号, 该装置包括导体腔体、 一个馈线分支网络 、 电介质元件和拉杆; 导体腔体的第一边沿设置有输入端口和输出端口, 第二 边沿安装有电介质元件的拉杆; 馈线分支网络含有不同宽度的变压器金属矩形 腔体部分, 用于减小通过网络的信号反射, 馈线分支网络通过一个或多个馈线 结点耦合部分输入端口与输出端口; 电介质元件含有一个或多个变压器部分, 用于减少通过网络的信号反射; 拉杆沿着腔体的第二边沿放置, 电介质元件固 定在拉杆上, 电介质元件与馈线分支网络部分相邻的以及与来自输入端口的第 一个结点相连的电介质元件两端都含有变压器部分, 其余部分的电介质元件只 在与馈线分支网络重叠的一端含有变压器部分。
[0010] 优选的, 电介质元件的变压器部分通过削减电介质元件的宽度形成。
[0011] 优选的, 电介质元件的变压器部分通过削减电介质元件的厚度形成。
[0012] 优选的, 拉杆由热伸长的材料制成, 所述热伸长的材料为金属或玻璃纤维。
[0013] 优选的, 馈线分支网络由位于导体腔体内部的带状线组成; 导体腔体由两个位 于带状线上部和下部的宽的壁, 以及两个窄的壁组成。
[0014] 优选的, 导体腔体通过挤压工艺制成金属型材腔体。
[0015] 优选的, 导体腔体包含了一组纵向导向的凸出卡位部分, 该纵向导向的凸出卡 位设置于第二边沿附近宽的腔体内表面上。 [0016] 优选的, 每个电介质元件包含两个相同部分, 该两个相同部分设置于导体腔体 的宽的壁之间, 该两个相同部分分别位于带状线部分的两侧, 电介质元件固定 在拉杆上。
[0017] 优选的, 每个电介质元件被制作成一个整体, 且包含有用于放置带状线的纵向 空心狭槽和用于连接拉杆的纵向孔或通道。
[0018] 优选的, 每个电介质元件都包含有用于将其放置在宽的壁的内表面上的纵向导 向的凸出卡位的纵向导向槽。
[0019] 优选的, 电介质元件由塑料通过挤压工艺制成。
[0020] 优选的, 每个电介质元件含有用于容纳带状线的纵向空心狭槽, 纵向空心狭槽 的内表面设置有引导带状线的倒角和用于在拉杆上安装电介质元件的小凸台, 小凸台装入拉杆中的孔内。
[0021] 优选的, 电介质元件通过模具注塑一体制成, 且电介质元件上幵设有至少一个 缺口, 缺口用于调节电介质元件与馈电网络的接触面积。
[0022] 优选的, 至少部分连接到输出端口的带状线包含有电介质基板, 且分别位于带 状线两侧的宽的壁之间。
[0023] 优选的, 电介质元件的基板由低介电常数的材料制成, 优选的, 低介电常数的 材料为聚乙烯泡沫。
[0024] 优选的, 至少部分连接到输出端口的带状线包含不导电间隔物, 间隔物支撑宽 的壁之间的带状线。
[0025] 优选的, 带状线在下层电介质元件的基板上的一边形成, 基板支撑宽的壁之间 的带状线。
[0026] 优选的, 上层电介质元件的基板位于下层电介质元件的基板上的带状线之上。
[0027] 优选的, 带状线在电介质元件的薄基板上的两边形成, 基板支撑宽的壁之间的 带状线。
[0028] 优选的, 至少一条位于结点和输出端口之间的馈线包含的波阻抗至少比输出端 口以及连接到输出端口的变压器部分的阻抗高 20%。
[0029] 本申请的另一面公幵了一种包含本申请的装置的天线, 其中至少两个天线元件 直接或通过同轴电缆连接到所述装置的输出端口。 [0030] 本申请的有益效果是: 本申请的阵列天线可调移相装置, 根据插入介质法的移 相原理设计, 馈电网络高度集成, 采用带状线连接, 无非线性电连接点, 具有 良好的交调特性; 设置于导向槽中的电介质元件, 使传动误差小, 下倾精度高 , 传动顺畅, 并且, 电介质元件运动吋, 移相量为线性变化。
对附图的简要说明
附图说明
[0031] 图 1是本申请实施例中波束形成网络的内部结构示意图;
[0032] 图 2是本申请实施例中波束形成网络的整体外观示意图;
[0033] 图 3是本申请实施例中波束形成网络的整体截面示意图;
[0034] 图 4是本申请实施例中电介质元件的局部放大结构示意图;
[0035] 图 5是本申请另一实施例中波束形成网络的内部结构示意图;
[0036] 图 6是本申请另一实施例中波束形成网络的整体外观示意图;
[0037] 图 7是本申请另一实施例中波束形成网络的整体截面示意图;
[0038] 图 8是本申请实施例中聚合波束成形网络装置的整体外观示意图;
[0039] 图 9是本申请实施例中聚合波束成形网络装置的双层金属腔体的截面示意图;
[0040] 图 10是本申请实施例中聚合波束成形网络装置的整体截面示意图;
[0041] 图 11是本申请实施例中聚合波束成形网络装置的内部结构示意图。
[0042] 具体实施方式
[0043] 本申请的阵列天线可调移相装置, 包括输入端口、 至少两个输出端口、 将输入 输出端口连接起来的馈电网络、 支撑馈电网络的介质衬底、 拉杆、 拉杆上固定 的电介质元件片、 及长方形金属腔体。 馈电网络高度集成, 连接天线阵的阵元 间的馈电网络不使用电缆, 而是使用带状线集成在馈电网络中, 馈电网络被固 定在两块支撑馈电网络的介质衬底中间, 导体腔体两端幵口, 其它端面封闭, 组成了一个长的一体的矩形腔体, 安装有介质块的馈电网络被安装在矩形腔体 的一侧, 电介质元件块根据设计固定在拉杆上, 电介质元件块的上下介质块将 馈电网络的带状线夹在中间, 电介质元件块上有导向槽, 金属腔体的另一侧有 导向槽及导向卡位, 金属腔体里的导向卡位卡在电介质元件块的导向槽里, 而 拉杆则置于金属腔体的导向槽中, 这样通过拉动拉杆所述绝缘介质块在馈电网 络表面的平面空间移动。 这种新的波束成形网络结构展示, 若一个阵列天线有 N 个辐射体, 那么这个波束形成网络将有 N-1个移相器, 从而在水平面与垂直面上 产生高质量的方向图。 并且, 在这种新的设计下, 连接天线阵的阵元间的馈电 网络不使用电缆, 而是使用带状线集成在馈电网络中。
[0044] 馈电网络高度集成, 连接天线阵的阵元间的馈电网络不使用电缆, 而是使用带 状线集成在馈电网络中。 馈电网络被固定在的两个对称的绝缘介质衬底之间。 绝缘介质衬底上有固定馈电网络的固定孔位。 绝缘介质衬底要约长于馈电网络 的长度。 馈电网络的宽度要约宽于绝缘介质衬底的宽度。 馈电网络的输入输出 端口处无绝缘介质衬底的覆盖。
[0045] 本申请中, 若一个阵列天线有 N个辐射体, 那么这个波束形成网络中将包含 N- 1个移相器。
[0046] 安装馈电网络的腔体为长的两端幵口的导体腔体。 导体腔体较窄的一边侧墙上 幵有输入输出端口安装孔, 较宽的表面幵有绝缘介质衬底固定孔。
[0047] 导体腔体内一侧有导向槽和导向卡位。 安装有绝缘介质衬底的馈电网络设置于 腔体内其侧墙幵孔的一侧。 滑动拉杆上固定有电介质元件片。
[0048] 电介质元件片上下对称, 中间有一条狭窄的深槽到其底部, 但不贯穿。
[0049] 带状线位于电介质元件片狭窄的深槽中间。 电介质元件片的一侧有导向槽。 电 介质元件片上幵有一个或多个缺口, 缺口的形状和数量根据设计而定。 电介质 元件片的底部一侧有固定玻璃钢拉杆的热铆接柱子。 电介质元件片的可有两块 介质片组成, 也可以将其做成一个整体一体成型。 电介质元件片上有倒角, 起 引导带状线的作用。 安装有电介质元件片的滑动拉杆设置于腔体内有导向槽和 导向卡位的一侧。 安装馈电网络的导体腔体是单层或多层腔体构成。 在金属腔 体的另一侧有一个小的隔幵腔体, 输出输入端口设置于此小型腔体内。
[0050] 下面通过具体实施方式结合附图对本申请作进一步详细说明, 以下实施例仅仅 用于理解和说明本申请, 不应理解为对本申请的限定。
[0051] 实施例一
[0052] 本例的电调基站天线的波束形成网络, 如图 1-3所示, 图 1展示了本发明的第一 种实施方案, 包括输出端口 8a, 8b, 8C, 8d, 8e、 输入端口 9,以及一个滑动机构, 包 括电介质元件块 2a, 2b和 4, 玻璃钢拉杆 6, 滑动拖块 5, 玻璃钢拉杆 6上有固定孔 位, 电介质元件块 2a, 2b和 4一侧有塑料柱, 通过热铆接工艺将电介质元件块 2a , 2b和 4固定在玻璃钢拉杆 6上, 滑动拖块 5要承受较大的拉力, 我们选用 POM制 作滑动拖块 5, 同样道理, 滑动拖块 5—侧也设计有圆柱, 通过热铆接工艺将其 固定在玻璃钢拉杆 6上。 两块相同的介质衬底 7中间夹有带状线 3, 介质衬底上有 固定孔位 10a, 10b , 10c , 使用塑料紧固件或者塑料热铆接将带状线 3紧紧固定在 两衬底之间。 金属腔体 1的一侧边幵有缺口, 馈电网络的输出端口 8a, 8b, 8c, 8d, 8e、 输入端口 9就安装在这些缺口中。 如图 2所示, 安装有介质衬底 7的带状线 3通 过塑料铆钉 l la, l ib , 11c , l id, l ie固定在金属腔体 1中, 输出端口 8a, 8b, 8c, 8d, 8e、 输入端口 9暴露与金属腔体 1外面, 玻璃钢拉杆 6还可以作为标尺之用。
[0053] 如图 3所展示的是整个腔体的截面图, 玻璃钢拉杆 6
设置于金属腔体 1的导向槽 14中, 电介质元件块 2a, 2b和 4上有导向槽 13, 导向槽 13卡设置在金属腔体 1的导向卡位 12上, 电介质元件片上有倒角 21a, 如图 4所示 , 在调整移相器吋, 此倒角 21a起引导带状线作用, 带状线 3设置于电介质元件块 2a, 2b和 4内的细长槽内。 当拖动滑动拖板电介质元件片就沿着金属腔体的导向 槽与导向卡位中移动。 这个设计避免了长介质块引起的机械强度问题, 移相精 度高, 且制作成本低廉。
[0054] 实施例二
[0055] 本例的电调基站天线的波束形成网络如图 5-7所示, 本例的方案与实施例一基 本相似, 只是在输入端 50a, 50b, 50c, 50d, 50e, 输出端口 511—侧增加了一个 小型腔体 512, 如图 5所示, 包括金属腔体 51, 金属腔体 51
上幵有孔 50a, 50b, 50c, 50d, 50 e, 511, 带状线 53, 衬底介质块 55, 其上有固 定安装孔 57, 通过塑料热铆接或者塑料螺丝等紧固件将带状线 53夹在两块相同 的衬底介质块 55中间, 并将其安装在输入输出端口 511, 50a, 50b , 50c , 50d, 50 e的一侧, 电介质元件块 52, 54, 56通过塑料热铆接固定在玻璃钢拉杆 59上, 滑动拖块 58为 POM材料, 同样也通过热铆接固定在玻璃钢拉杆 59上。 如图 7所示 , 73为铆接点, 玻璃钢拉杆 59设置于导向槽 72中, 滑动拖板 58与电介质元件块 5 6上都有导向槽 71, 它们设置与导向卡位 74中, 电介质元件块上幵有细长槽, 其 截面都有倒角 70, 在拉动拉杆 59吋, 这个倒角 70其调整引导带状线的作用。 如 图 6所示金属腔体表面有固定孔 60a, 60b , 60c , 60d, 60e, 用塑料铆钉将介质衬 底 55与带状线 53固定在腔体中。 61a, 61b , 61c , 61d, 61e是输出端口在腔体表 面幵的孔, 62为输入端口在腔体表面幵的孔, 512是一个小型的腔体, 封闭输出 输入端口, 在双极化天线中这个设计可以有效地抑制耦合。
[0056] 实施例三
[0057] 本例的电调基站天线的波束形成网络装置如图 8-11所示, 该装置实际上是由两 个实施例一的波束形成网络叠合而成。 图 11显示的第一层的内部结构, 如图 11 所示, 包括金属腔体 110, 安装在里面的馈电网络, 带状线 101安装在两块介质 衬底 102间, 用紧固件通过孔 113, 117将其固定加紧, 并将其安装在输出端口 12 0a, 120b , 120c , 120d, 120e, 输入端口 121, 支撑端 83所在一侧, 滑动拉杆 106 上固定有电介质元件块 104, 114, 116, 滑动拖板 118。 金属腔体 110的一侧有小型 腔体结构 82, 输入输出端口位于其中。 如图 8所示腔体为双层结构, 图 9为其横 截面图, 在图 8中, 固定孔 80a, 80b , 80c , 80d。 80e中有塑料铆钉锁紧衬底 102, 85a, 85b , 85c , 85d, 85e为输出端口幵的在腔体表面幵的孔, 84为输入端口幵 的孔, 83为支撑端口, 82为小型腔体, 输入输出端口位于其中, 上下两腔体相 互独立隔幵。 更详细的如图 10所示, 101与 109是上下两层腔体中的带状线, 102 与 108介质衬底, 带状线夹在它们中间, 电介质元件块上有细长槽, 带状线位于 细长槽正中间, 且绝缘介质块 104与 107上都有倒角 103, 其导向带状线的作用。 玻璃钢拉杆 106位于位于腔体的导向槽中, 滑动拖板 105位于腔体导向卡为中。 这样拉动玻璃钢拉杆 106吋, 整个部件就能顺畅的在腔体里运动。 方案三适用于 长天线设计或多频段天线设计。
[0058] 以上仅是本申请的两个较佳实施例, 并非对本申请的技术范围作任何限制, 本 行业的技术人员, 在本技术方案的启迪下, 可以做出一些变形与修改, 凡是依 据本技术实质对以上的实施例所作的任何修改、 等同变化与修饰, 均仍属于本 申请技术方案的范围内。

Claims

权利要求书
[权利要求 1] 一种阵列天线可调移相装置, 所述装置用于在公共输入端口与两个或 更多端口之间馈送信号, 其特征在于, 所述装置包括导体腔体、 一个 馈线分支网络、 电介质元件和拉杆;
所述导体腔体的第一边沿设置有输入端口和输出端口, 第二边沿设置 有安装电介质元件的拉杆;
所述馈线分支网络含有不同宽度的变压器金属矩形腔体部分, 用于减 小通过网络的信号反射, 馈线分支网络通过一个或多个馈线结点和部 分耦合输入端口与输出端口;
所述电介质元件含有一个或多个变压器部分, 用于减少通过网络的信 号反射, 其中, 与沿着该装置的第二边沿放置的馈线分支网络部分相 的以及与来自输入端口的第一个结点相连的电介质元件两端都含有 变压器部分, 其余部分的电介质元件只在与馈线分支网络重叠的一端 含有变压器部分;
所述拉杆沿着腔体的第二边沿放置, 电介质元件固定在拉杆上。
[权利要求 2] 根据权利要求 1所述的装置, 其特征在于, 所述电介质元件的变压器 部分通过削减电介质元件的宽度形成。
[权利要求 3] 根据权利要求 1所述的装置, 其特征在于, 所述电介质元件的变压器 部分通过削减电介质元件的厚度形成。
[权利要求 4] 根据权利要求 1所述的装置, 其特征在于, 所述拉杆由热伸长的材料 制成, 所述热伸长的材料为金属或玻璃纤维。
[权利要求 5] 根据权利要求 1所述的装置, 其特征在于, 所述馈线分支网络由位于 导体腔体内部的带状线组成; 所述导体腔体由两个位于带状线上部和 下部的宽的壁, 以及两个窄的壁组成。
[权利要求 6] 根据权利要求 5所述的装置, 其特征在于, 所述导体腔体通过挤压工 艺制成金属型材腔体。
[权利要求 7] 根据权利要求 5或 6所述的装置, 其特征在于, 所述导体腔体包含了一 组纵向导向的凸出卡位部分, 该纵向导向的凸出卡位设置于所述第二 边沿附近宽的腔体内表面上。
根据权利要求 5所述的装置, 其特征在于, 每个电介质元件包含两个 相同部分, 该两个相同部分设置于导体腔体的宽的壁之间, 且此两个 相同部分分别位于沿着该装置的第二边沿放置的带状线部分的两侧, 同吋电介质元件固定在拉杆上, 设置在导体腔体的宽的壁之间。 根据权利要求 8所述的装置, 其特征在于, 每个电介质元件被制作成 一个整体, 且包含有用于放置带状线的纵向空心狭槽和用于连接拉杆 的纵向孔或通道。
根据权利要求 9所述的装置, 其特征在于, 每个电介质元件都包含有 用于将其放置在宽的壁的内表面上的纵向导向的凸出卡位的纵向导向 槽。
根据权利要求 8-10任一项所述的装置, 其特征在于, 每个电介质元件 由上下层组成, 且由塑料注塑工艺一体成型制造而成。
根据权利要求 1中所述的装置, 其特征在于, 每个电介质元件含有用 于容纳带状线的纵向空心狭槽, 纵向空心狭槽的内表面设置有引导带 状线的倒角和用于在拉杆上安装电介质元件的小凸台, 小凸台装入拉 杆中的孔内。
根据权利要求 12中所述的装置, 其特征在于, 电介质元件通过模具注 塑一体制成, 且电介质元件上幵设有至少一个缺口, 所述缺口用于调 节电介质元件与馈电网络的接触面积。
根据权利要求 5所述的装置, 其特征在于, 所述带状线连接到所述输 出端口, 并且, 连接到输出端口的带状线中包含有电介质基板, 且分 别位于带状线两侧的宽的壁之间。
根据权利要求 14中所述的装置, 其特征在于, 电介质元件的基板由低 介电常数的材料制成, 优选的, 低介电常数的材料为泡沫类材料, 优 选的, 所述泡沫类材料为聚乙烯泡沫。
根据权利要求 14所述的装置, 其特征在于, 所述连接到输出端口的带 状线中包含不导电间隔物, 间隔物支撑宽的壁之间的带状线。 [权利要求 17] 根据权利要求 11所述的装置, 其特征在于, 带状线在下层电介质元件 的基板上的一边形成, 基板支撑宽的壁之间的带状线。
[权利要求 18] 根据权利要求 1, 5或 17所述的装置, 其特征在于, 上层电介质元件的 基板位于下层电介质元件的基板上的带状线之上。
[权利要求 19] 根据权利要求 18所述的装置, 其特征在于, 带状线在电介质元件的基 板上的两边形成, 基板支撑宽的壁之间的带状线。
[权利要求 20] 根据权利要求 1所述的装置, 其特征在于, 至少一条位于结点和输出 端口之间的馈线包含的波阻抗至少比输出端口以及连接到输出端口的 变压器部分的阻抗高 20%。
[权利要求 21] —种包含权利要求 1-20任一项所述的装置的天线, 其中至少两个天线 元件直接或通过同轴电缆连接到所述装置的输出端口; 所述装置可由 所述多个单导体腔体网络叠加而成。
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