Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
  • C09J123/00—Adhesives based on homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Adhesives based on derivatives of such polymers
  • C09J123/02—Adhesives based on homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Adhesives based on derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
  • C09J123/10—Homopolymers or copolymers of propene
  • C09J123/14—Copolymers of propene
  • C09J123/142—Copolymers of propene at least partially crystalline copolymers of propene with other olefins
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• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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  • Y02P20/582—Recycling of unreacted starting or intermediate materials

Definitions

• the invention is directed to preparing hot melt adhesive compositions that include semi-crystalline propylene polymer and wax.
• Hot melt adhesive compositions often include a polymer and a tackifying agent, and in some cases wax or oil.
• Hot melt adhesives used in packaging should exhibit good bond formation, heat resistance, and thermal stability, and a quick set time to be commercially useful. It is difficult to formulate propylene polymer-based hot melt adhesive compositions that are able to exhibit the performance properties that packaging adhesives must meet in order to be commercially useful.
• Tackifying agents for example, can cause the hot melt adhesive to discolor and char. Waxes can have a detrimental effect on the adhesive bond formation properties of a polypropylene hot melt adhesive composition. This is particularly true of waxes that have a high degree of crystallinity.
• Oil has been known to decrease the set speed of hot melt adhesive compositions. Oil also can bleed out from a hot melt adhesive composition and cause undesirable staining of the substrates to which it is bonded.
• the invention features a hot melt adhesive composition that includes at least 55 % by weight of an unmodified, semi-crystalline propylene polymer that includes at least 50 % by weight propylene, at least 15 % by weight of a first non-functionalized wax, and a second wax different from the first wax.
• the hot melt adhesive composition includes greater than 20 % by weight wax.
• the invention features a hot melt adhesive composition that includes at least 55 % by weight of a semi-crystalline propylene polymer that includes at least 50 % by weight propylene, and greater than 20 % by weight wax, the wax including from 0 % by weight to no greater than 10 % by weight, based on the weight of the hot melt adhesive composition, functionalized wax, and the composition exhibiting a set time of no greater than 2 seconds.
• the wax includes a first wax and a second wax different from the first wax.
• the second wax includes a functionalized wax.
• the semi-crystalline propylene polymer is a metallocene catalyzed propylene polymer. In some embodiments, the semi-crystalline propylene polymer has a heat of fusion of from 15 J/g to no greater than 50 J/g. In one embodiment, the semi- crystalline propylene polymer has a heat of fusion of from 15 J/g to no greater than 45 J/g.
• the first non-functionalized wax has a melting point greater than 80 °C. In some embodiments, the first non-functionalized wax has a melting point greater than 100 °C. In other embodiments, the first non-functionalized wax has a melting point greater than 115 °C. In one embodiment, the second wax has a melting point greater than 115 °C. In some embodiments, the first non-functionalized wax has a melting point greater than 115 °C and the composition exhibits a set time no greater than 2 seconds. In some embodiments, the first non-functionalized wax has a melting point greater than 115 °C, and the second wax has a melting point greater than 115 °C.
• the composition exhibits a heat stress resistance of greater than 71 °C. In other embodiments, the composition exhibits a heat stress resistance of greater than 76 °C. In some embodiments, the composition exhibits a heat stress resistance of greater than 71 °C and a set time no greater than 2 seconds. In one embodiment, the composition exhibits a heat stress resistance of greater than 71 °C and a set time no greater than 2 seconds, and the first non-functionalized wax includes at least one of polyethylene wax and Fischer-Tropsch wax, and the second wax includes non-functionalized polypropylene wax, maleated polyethylene wax, maleated polypropylene wax, or a combination thereof.
• the composition exhibits greater than 25 % fiber tear at -18 °C, and greater than 25 % fiber tear at 60 °C. ⁇ In other embodiments, the composition exhibits greater than 25 % fiber tear at 4 °C and greater than 25 % fiber tear at 60 °C. In still other embodiments, the composition exhibits greater than 25 % fiber tear at 4 °C and greater than 25 % fiber tear at 71 °C.
• the hot melt adhesive composition further includes oil, polybutene, or a combination thereof. In other embodiments, the hot melt adhesive composition further includes tackifying agent. ⁇ In one embodiment, the hot melt adhesive composition includes no greater than 7 % by weight tackifying agent.
• the composition exhibits a viscosity of no greater than 2000 centipoise at 177 °C. In other embodiments, the composition exhibits a viscosity of no greater than 1200 centipoise at 177 °C.
• the first non-functionalized wax includes polyethylene wax
• the second wax includes non-functionalized polypropylene wax, maleated polyethylene wax, maleated polypropylene wax, or a combination thereof.
• the first non- functionalized wax exhibits a melting point greater than 115 °C and includes at least one of polyethylene wax and Fischer-Tropsch wax
• the second wax includes maleated polyethylene wax, maleated polypropylene wax, or a combination thereof.
• the first non-functionalized wax includes polyethylene wax
• the second wax includes maleated polyethylene wax, maleated polypropylene wax, or a combination thereof.
• the hot melt adhesive composition includes from 55 % by weight to about 84 % by weight semi-crystalline propylene polymer, from about 20 % by weight to about 35 % by weight first non-functionalized wax, and from about 1 % by weight to about 10 % by weight second wax.
• the composition exhibits a set time of no greater than 2 seconds. In other embodiments, the composition exhibits a set time of no greater than 1 second.
• the hot melt adhesive composition includes from 60 % by weight to about 80 % by weight polypropylene polymer.
• the semi-crystalline propylene polymer includes a propylene- alphaolefin copolymer.
• the semi-crystalline propylene polymer includes propylene-hexene copolymer, propylene-octene, propylene-butene copolymer, propylene-ethylene copolymer, or a combination thereof.
• the semi- crystalline propylene polymer exhibits a viscosity of no greater than 2,000 cP at 190 °C.
• the semi-crystalline propylene polymer exhibits a viscosity of no greater than 1200 cP at 190 °C.
• the hot melt adhesive composition exhibits a heat stress resistance of greater than 71 °C, greater than 25 % fiber tear at -18 °C, and greater than 25 % fiber tear at 60 °C.
• the composition exhibits a viscosity of no greater than 1500 centipoise at 149 °C.
• the invention features a package that includes a hot melt adhesive composition described herein, a first substrate that includes fibers, and a second substrate that includes fibers, the second substrate bonded to the first substrate through the adhesive composition.
• the adhesive exhibits a fiber tearing bond to at least one of the first substrate and the second substrate at -18 °C and at 60 °C.
• the invention features a hot melt adhesive composition that includes at least 40 % by weight of an unmodified, semi-crystalline propylene polymer that includes at least 50 % by weight propylene, at least 15 % by weight non-functionalized wax, the non- functionalized wax includes a first non-functionalized wax and a second non-functionalized wax different from the first non-functionalized wax, and no greater than 8 % by weight of an ethylene-ethylenically unsaturated ester copolymer.
• the adhesive composition further includes an elastomeric block copolymer that includes styrene.
• the elastomeric block copolymer is selected from the group consisting of styrene-ethylene/butylene-styrene block copolymer, styrene-ethylene/propylene-styrene block copolymer, and combinations thereof.
• the invention features a hot melt adhesive composition that includes at least 40 % by weight of an unmodified, semi-crystalline propylene polymer that includes at least 50 % by weight propylene, at least 15 % by weight non-functionalized wax, from 0 % by weight to no greater than 10 % by weight functionalized wax, and from 1 % by weight to 10 % by weight elastomeric block copolymer that includes styrene.
• the adhesive composition includes at least 45 % by weight unmodified, semi-crystalline propylene polymer. In other embodiments, the adhesive composition includes at least 50 % by weight unmodified, semi-crystalline propylene polymer. In other embodiments, the adhesive composition includes at least 55 % by weight of the unmodified, semi-crystalline propylene polymer.
• the adhesive composition includes from 45 % by weight to about 70 % by weight unmodified, semi-crystalline propylene polymer, from about 20 % by weight to about 35 % by weight non-functionalized wax, and from about 1 % by weight to about 10 % by weight functionalized wax.
• the unmodified, semi-crystalline propylene polymer exhibits a heat of fusion of from 15 J/g to no greater than 50 J/g.
• the first non-functionalized wax includes polyethylene wax, Fischer Tropsch wax, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the first non- functionalized wax has a melting point greater than 100 °C. In other embodiments, the second non-functionalized wax has a melting point greater than 115 °C.
• the adhesive composition further includes a functionalized wax.
• the first non-functionalized wax includes polyethylene wax, Fischer Tropsch wax or a combination thereof, and the functionalized wax includes maleated polyethylene wax, maleated polypropylene wax, or a combination thereof.
• the first non-functionalized wax has a melting point greater than 100 °C. In other embodiments, the first non-functionalized wax has a melting point greater than 100 °C and the second non-functionalized wax has a melting point greater than 110 °C.
• the adhesive composition includes greater than 20 % by weight wax.
• the adhesive composition exhibits a heat stress resistance of greater than 60 °C, ⁇ greater than 50 % fiber tear at 4 °C and greater than 50 % fiber tear at 60 °C, and a set time no greater than 2 seconds. In other embodiments, the adhesive composition exhibits a heat stress resistance of greater than 60 °C, greater than 50 % fiber tear at 4 °C, greater than 50 % fiber tear at 60 °C, and a set time of no greater than 1.5 seconds. In another embodiment, the adhesive composition exhibits a heat stress resistance of greater than 71 °C, greater than 50 % fiber tear at 4 °C, greater than 50 % fiber tear at 71 °C, and a set time of no greater than 1.5 seconds.
• the adhesive composition includes from 50 % by weight to about 65 % by weight unmodified, semi-crystalline polypropylene polymer.
• the unmodified, semi-crystalline propylene polymer exhibits a viscosity of no greater than 1200 cP at 190 °C.
• the unmodified, semi-crystalline propylene polymer includes an unmodified, metallocene-catalyzed, semi-crystalline propylene polymer, an unmodified, non-metallocene heteroaryl-catalyzed, semi-crystalline propylene polymer, or a combination thereof.
• the adhesive composition further includes from 15 % by weight to 30 % by weight tackifying agent.
• the invention features a semi-crystalline propylene polymer-based hot melt adhesive composition that exhibits a fast set time, thermal stability, and good adhesion at low and high temperatures.
• wax as used herein means a polymer or an oligomer having a heat of fusion greater than 60 Joules per gram and a viscosity no greater than 750 centipoise (cP) at 190 °C.
• thermoplastic polymer means a polymer having a heat of fusion from greater than 10 J/g to no greater than 60 J/g and a viscosity of at least 750 cP at 190 °C.
• unmodified polymer means a polymer that has not been modified in the presence of a free radical initiator.
• non-functionalized wax refers to a wax that is free of polar functional groups.
• the hot melt adhesive composition includes at least 40 % by weight of a semi- crystalline, propylene polymer that includes at least 50 % by weight propylene, and wax.
• the hot melt adhesive composition exhibits a fast set time: preferably a set time of no greater than 5 seconds, no greater than 3 seconds, no greater than 2 seconds, no greater than 1.5 seconds, or even no greater than 1 second.
• the hot melt adhesive composition also exhibits a fiber tearing bond to fibrous packaging materials at both low and high temperatures.
• the hot melt adhesive composition preferably exhibits greater than 25 %, greater than 30 %, greater than 40 %, greater than 45 %, greater than 50 %, or even greater than 70 % fiber tear at 4 °C, - 18 °C, or even at -29 °C, and greater than 25 %, greater than 30 %, greater than 40 %, greater than 45 %, greater than 50 %, or even greater than 70 % fiber tear at 60 °C, or even at 71 °C.
• the hot melt adhesive composition also exhibits good heat stress resistance, preferably a heat stress resistance of at least 54 °C, at least 60 °C, at least 66 °C, at least 71 °C, or even at least 76 °C.
• the hot melt adhesive composition preferably exhibits a viscosity of no greater than 5000 cP, no greater than about 3000 cP, no greater than about 2000 cP, no greater than about 1500 cP, no greater than about 1200 cP, or even no greater than about 1000 cP at 177 °C, and a viscosity of no greater than about 3000 cP, no greater than about 2000 cP, or even no greater than about 1000 cP at 190 °C.
• the hot melt adhesive composition can be formulated to exhibit a viscosity of no greater than 2000 cP, no greater than about 1500 cP, no greater than about 1300 cP, or even no greater than about 1200 cP at 149 °C, or even at 135 °C.
• the hot melt adhesive composition also exhibits good thermal stability. Two measures of thermal stability are the change in viscosity over time and the presence of charring. After conditioning for 200 hours at 177 °C, the hot melt adhesive composition preferably exhibits no greater than a 20 %, or even no greater than a 10 % change in viscosity relative to its initial viscosity at 177 °C, and exhibits minimal charring or even is free of charring and skin formation, i.e., the formation of a skin coat on the surface of the
• the hot melt adhesive composition also preferably exhibits an initial Gardner color of no greater than 3, no greater than 2, or even no greater than 1.
• the propylene polymer preferably exhibits a glass transition temperature (Tg) of no greater than -10 °C, no greater than -20 °C, or even no greater than -30 °C.
• Tg glass transition temperature
• Useful propylene polymers include, e.g., polypropylene homopolymers (i.e., 100 mole % propylene), propylene copolymers (i.e., copolymer, terpolymer, and higher order polymers), a mixture of at least two different propylene polymers including, e.g., a blend that includes a polypropylene homopolymer and a propylene copolymer, a blend that includes different polypropylene homopolymers, a blend that includes different propylene copolymers, and various combinations thereof.
• polypropylene homopolymers i.e., 100 mole % propylene
• propylene copolymers i.e., copolymer, terpolymer, and higher order polymers
• a mixture of at least two different propylene polymers including, e.g., a blend that includes a polypropylene homopolymer and a propylene copolymer,
• Useful propylene polymers also include, e.g., modified, unmodified, grafted, and ungrafted propylene polymers, uni-modal propylene polymers, multi-modal propylene polymers, and combinations thereof.
• multi-modal means the polymer has a multi-modal molecular weight distribution (weight average molecular weight (Mw)/number average molecular weight (Mn)) as determined by Size Exclusion Chromatography (SEC).
• SEC Size Exclusion Chromatography
• a multi-modal molecular weight distribution exists when the SEC trace has more than one peak or inflection point (i.e., two or more inflection points). An inflection point is the point at which the second derivative changes in sign (e.g., from negative to positive or vice versa).
• uni-modal means the polymer has a uni-modal molecular weight distribution (Mw/Mn) as determined by SEC. A uni-modal molecular weight distribution exists when the SEC trace has only one peak.
• Useful propylene copolymers are derived from propylene and an alpha-olefin co- monomer (e.g., alpha-olefin monomers having at least two carbon atoms, at least four carbon atoms, from four carbon atoms to eight carbon atoms, and combinations of such monomers).
• alpha-olefin co-monomers include mono-alpha olefins (i.e., one unsaturated double bond) and higher order alpha olefins (e.g., dienes (e.g., 1,9- decadiene)).
• Useful alpha-olefin monomers include, e.g., ethylene, butene, pentene, hexene, heptene, octene, nonene, decene, dodecene, 4-methyl-pentene-1, 3-methyl pentene-1,3,5,5- trimethyl-hexene-1, 5-ethyl-1-nonene, and combinations thereof.
• suitable propylene-alpha-olefin copolymers include propylene-ethylene, propylene-butene, propylene-hexene, propylene-octene, and combinations thereof.
• Propylene copolymers preferably include at least 1 % by weight, at least 2 % by weight, at least about 5 % by weight, at least about 10 % by weight, no greater than 50 % by weight, no greater than about 40 % by weight, no greater than 30 % by weight, no greater than 20 % by weight, no greater than 17 % by weight, no greater than 15 % by weight, or even no greater than 10 % by weight alpha-olefin co-monomer, and at least 50 % by weight, at least about 60 % by weight, no greater than 99 % by weight, no greater than 98 % by weight, no greater than 95 % by weight, no greater than 90 % by weight, from about 50 % by weight to about 99 % by weight, from about 60 % by weight to about 99 % by weight, or even from about 70 % by weight to about 99 % by weight propylene.
• Useful propylene polymers include propylene polymers prepared using a variety of catalysts including, e.g., a single site catalyst (e.g., metallocene catalysts (e.g., metallocene- catalyzed propylene polymers)), multiple single site catalysts, non-metallocene heteroaryl catalysts, and combinations thereof.
• a single site catalyst e.g., metallocene catalysts (e.g., metallocene- catalyzed propylene polymers)
• multiple single site catalysts e.g., metallocene- catalyzed propylene polymers
• non-metallocene heteroaryl catalysts e.g., a single site catalyst
• Other suitable polymers include polymers prepared by grafting an amorphous propylene polymer onto a semi-crystalline polymer, examples of which and methods of making the same are disclosed, e.g., in U.S.7,541,402 (Abhari et
• propylene polymers are commercially available under a variety of trade designations including, e.g., VISTAMAXX 8880 propylene-ethylene copolymer,
• LICOCENE PP 1502 TP PP 1602 TP
• PP 2602 TP PP 2602 TP
• the hot melt adhesive composition includes at least 40 % by weight, at least 45 % by weight, at least 50 % by weight, at least 55 % by weight, no greater than about 84 % by weight, no greater than about 80 % by weight, no greater than about 75 % by weight, than about 70 % by weight, no greater than about 65 % by weight, no greater than about 60 % by weight, from about 40 % by weight to about 84 % by weight, from about 45 % by weight to about 80 % by weight, or even from about 45 % by weight to about 60 % by weight, propylene polymer.
• WAX propylene polymer
• Useful non-functionalized waxes have a melting point of at least 50 °C, at least 60 °C, at least 80 °C, at least 100 °C or even at least 115 °C, and a heat of fusion of greater than 60 J/g, or even greater than 70 J/g.
• suitable non-functionalized waxes include polyolefin waxes (e.g., polypropylene waxes and polyethylene waxes), Fischer Tropsch waxes, paraffin waxes, microcrystalline waxes, metallocene waxes, and combinations thereof (e.g., a combination of two non-functionalized waxes each having a melting point of at least 115 °C).
• the hot melt adhesive composition preferably includes at least 15 % by weight, greater than 15 % by weight, greater than 20 % by weight, from at least 15 % by weight to about 35 % by weight, from greater than 15 % by weight to about 35 % by weight, or even from about 15 % by weight to about 30 % by weight non-functionalized wax.
• Useful polyethylene waxes are commercially available under a variety of trade designations including, e.g., the EPOLENE series of trade designations from Westlake Chemical Corporation (Houston, Texas) including, e.g., EPOLENE N-21 and N-14 polyethylene waxes, the BARECO series of trade designations from Baker Hughes Inc.
• Fischer Tropsch waxes are commercially available under a variety of trade designations including, e.g., the BARECO series of trade designations from Baker Hughes Inc. (Sugar Land, Texas) including, e.g., BARECO PX-100 and PX-105 Fischer Tropsch waxes, the SHELLWAX series of trade designations from Shell Malaysia Ltd.
• the hot melt adhesive composition can include from 0 % by weight to about 35 % by weight, at least 1 % by weight, at least about 5 % by weight, from about 1 % by weight to about 30 % by weight, from about 1 % by weight to about 25 % by weight, from about 5 % by weight to about 10 % by weight, or even from about 4 % by weight to about 8 % by weight Fischer Tropsch wax.
• the hot melt adhesive composition can include from 0 % by weight to about 35 % by weight, from about 1 % by weight to about 25 % by weight, from about 1 % by weight to about 20 % by weight, or even from about 0 % by weight to about 15 % by weight paraffin wax.
• Useful functionalized waxes have a melting point of at least 50 °C, at least 60 °C, at least 80 °C, at least 100 °C or even at least 115 °C, and a heat of fusion of greater than 60 J/g, or even greater than 70 J/g.
• Useful commercially available functionalized waxes include, e.g., A-C 597P, A-C 596P, and A-C 1325 maleated polypropylene waxes and A-C 573 maleated polyethylene wax all of which are available from Honeywell Int’l Inc. (Morristown, New Jersey), and Westlake E 43 maleated polypropylene wax available from Westlake Chemical Corporation (Houston, Texas).
• the functionalized wax can be present in the hot melt adhesive composition in an amount from about 0 % by weight to no greater than 10 % by weight, from about 1 % by weight to no greater than 10 % by weight, from about 0.2 % by weight to about 5 % by weight, from about 1 % by weight to about 4 % by weight, from about 2 % by weight to about 3.5 % by weight, no greater than 2 % by weight, or even no greater than 1 % by weight.
• the hot melt adhesive composition is free of functionalized wax.
• the hot melt adhesive composition optionally includes oil.
• oils include, e.g., naphthenic petroleum-based oils, paraffinic oils (e.g., cycloparaffin oils), mineral oils, animal oils, vegetable oils, synthetic oils, derivatives of oils, glycerol esters of fatty acids, and combinations thereof.
• Useful commercially available oils include KAYDOL OIL from Sonneborn
• KRYSTOL 550 mineral oil from Petrochem Carless Limited (Surrey, England)
• CALSOL 550 naphthenic oil from Calumet Specialty Products Partners, LP (Indianapolis, Indiana).
• the hot melt adhesive composition optionally includes polybutene having a weight average molecular weight no greater than about 2000 grams per mole.
• polybutenes are commercially available under a variety of trade designations including, e.g., TPC 595 from TPC Group (Houston Texas), the INDOPOL series of trade designations from Ineos Europe, Limited (Belgium), and the PARAPOL series of trade designations from ExxonMobil Chemical Company (Houston, Texas).
• the hot melt adhesive composition optionally includes from 0 % by weight to no greater than about 20 % by weight, no greater than about 15 % by weight, no greater than about 12 % by weight, from about 0.5 % by weight to about 10 % by weight, from about 1 % by weight to about 10 % by weight, or even from about 2 % by weight to about 5 % by weight polybutene.
• rosin esters examples include e.g., glycerol esters of pale wood rosin, glycerol esters of hydrogenated rosin, glycerol esters of polymerized rosin, pentaerythritol esters of natural and modified rosins including pentaerythritol esters of pale wood rosin, pentaerythritol esters of hydrogenated rosin, pentaerythritol esters of tall oil rosin, phenolic-modified pentaerythritol esters of rosin, and combinations thereof.
• polyterpene resins examples include polyterpene resins having a softening point, as determined by ASTM method E28-58T, of from about 10 oC to about 160 oC, hydrogenated polyterpene resins, and copolymers and terpolymers of natural terpenes (e.g. styrene-terpene, alpha- methyl styrene-terpene and vinyl toluene-terpene), and combinations thereof.
• useful aliphatic and cycloaliphatic petroleum hydrocarbon resins include aliphatic and cycloaliphatic petroleum hydrocarbon resins having Ring and Ball softening points of from about 10 oC to 160 oC, the hydrogenated derivatives thereof, and combinations thereof.
• Suitable aliphatic and cycloaliphatic petroleum hydrocarbon resins include, e.g., branched, unbranched, and cyclic C5 resins, C9 resins, and C10 resins.
• Useful tackifying agents are commercially available under a variety of trade designations including, e.g., the ESCOREZ series of trade designations from ExxonMobil Chemical Company (Houston, Texas) including, e.g., ESCOREZ 1310LC, ESCOREZ 5400, ESCOREZ 5637, ESCOREZ 5415, ESCOREZ 5600, ESCOREZ 5615, and ESCOREZ 5690, the EASTOTAC series of trade designations from Eastman Chemical Company (Kingsport, Tennessee) including, e.g., EASTOTAC H-100R, EASTOTAC H-100L, and EASTOTAC H130W, the WINGTACK series of trade designations from Cray Valley HSC (Exton, Pennsylvania) including, e.g., WINGTACK 86, WINGTACK EXTRA, and WINGTACK 95, the PICCOTAC series of trade designations from Eastman Chemical Company (Kingsport, Tennessee) including, e.g., PICCOTA
• Useful tackifying agents that are liquid at room temperature include, e.g., REGALREZ 1018 hydrocarbon resin from Eastman Chemical Company, PICCOLASTIC A5 hydrocarbon resin from Eastman Chemical Company, and WINGTACK 10 from Cray Valley (Exton, Pennsylvania).
• the hot melt adhesive composition optionally includes at least about 1 % by weight, at least 5 % by weight, at least about 10 % by weight, at least about 15 % by weight, at least about 20 % by weight, no greater than about 40 % by weight, no greater than about 35 % by weight, no greater than about 30 % by weight, no greater than about 25 % by weight, from about 15 % by weight to about 30 % by weight, or even from about 20 % by weight to about 25 % by weight tackifying agent.
• compositions that include at least 55 % by weight semi- crystalline polypropylene polymer useful amounts of the optional tackifying agent include from about 0 % by weight to no greater than about 30 % by weight, from 1 % by weight to no greater than about 30 % by weight, from about 1 % by weight to about 20 % by weight, from about 1 % by weight to about 15 % by weight, from about 1 % by weight to about 10 % by weight, no greater than 10 % by weight, no greater than about 7 % by weight, or even no greater than about 0.5 % by weight.
• Useful antioxidants include, e.g., pentaerythritol tetrakis[3,(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4- hydroxyphenyl)propionate], 2,2'-methylene bis(4-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol), phosphites including, e.g., tris-(p-nonylphenyl)-phosphite (TNPP) and bis(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl)4,4'- diphenylene-diphosphonite, di-stearyl-3,3'-thiodipropionate (DSTDP), and combinations thereof.
• TNPP tris-(p-nonylphenyl)-phosphite
• DSTDP diphenylene-diphosphonite
• DSTDP di-stearyl-3,3'-thiodipropionate
• Useful antioxidants are commercially available under a variety of trade designations including, e.g., the IRGANOX series of trade designations including, e.g., IRGANOX 1010, IRGANOX 565, and IRGANOX 1076 hindered phenolic antioxidants, and IRGAFOS 168 phosphite antioxidant, all of which are available from BASF Corporation (Florham Park, New Jersey), and ETHYL 7024,4'-methylene bis(2,6-di-tert-butylphenol), which is available from Albemarle Corporation (Baton Rouge, Louisiana).
• the adhesive composition preferably includes from about 0.1 % by weight to about 2 % by weight antioxidant.
• Useful additional polymers include, e.g., homopolymers, copolymers, and
• thermoplastic polymers including, e.g., other polyolefins (e.g., high viscosity polyolefins (e.g., high viscosity propylene and ethylene polymers), Ziegler-Natta catalyzed amorphous polyalphaolefins, (e.g., amorphous propylene and ethylene polymers), and combinations thereof), elastomers including, e.g., elastomeric block copolymers (e.g., elastomeric block copolymers that includes styrene (e.g., styrene-butadiene-styrene, styrene- isoprene-styrene, styrene-ethylene/butene-styrene, styrene-ethylene/propylene-styrene and combinations thereof), metallocene-based elastomeric block copoly
• High viscosity polymers exhibit a viscosity greater than 100,000 at 121 °C.
• Useful additional high viscosity polyolefin polymers include, e.g., high viscosity amorphous polyalphaolefins, high viscosity crystalline polyolefins, high viscosity semi-crystalline polyolefins, and combinations thereof.
• Suitable high viscosity polyolefins the L-MODU series of trade designations from Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd (Japan) including, e.g., L-MODU S400, S600, and S901 propylene homopolymers, and the VISTAMAXX propylene-ethylene copolymers from ExxonMobil Chemical Company (Houston, Texas) including, e.g., VISTAMAXX 6202, 3980, and 2330.
• Ziegler Natta catalyzed amorphous polyalphaolefin polymers are commercially available under a variety of trade designations including, e.g., the REXTAC series of trade designations available from Rextac LLC (Odessa, Texas) and the EASTOFLEX and
• the hot melt adhesive composition optionally includes no greater than about 10 % by weight, from about 1 % by weight to no greater than about 7 % by weight, or even no greater than about 5 % by weight of a polyolefin polymer that is other than a semi-crystalline propylene polymer.
• Useful elastomeric block copolymers are available under a variety of trade
• the hot melt adhesive composition optionally includes from about 1 % by weight to about 10 % by weight, or even from about 4 % by weight to about 10 % by weight block copolymer that includes styrene.
• the hot melt adhesive composition preferably is free of an ethylene-ethylenically unsaturated ester copolymer such as ethylene vinyl acetate, ethylene acrylate, ethylene methacrylate, and ethylene butyl acrylate.
• an ethylene-ethylenically unsaturated ester copolymer is present in the hot melt adhesive composition, it preferably is present in an amount of less than 8 % by weight, no greater than 5 % by weight, no greater than 3 % by weight, or even no greater than 1 % by weight.
• the hot melt adhesive composition can be applied to or incorporated in a variety of articles including, e.g., fibers, substrates made from fibers (e.g., virgin fibers, recycled fibers, synthetic polymer fibers (e.g., nylon, rayon, polyesters, acrylics, polypropylenes,
• cellulose fibers e.g., natural cellulose fibers such as wood pulp
• natural fibers e.g., cotton, silk and wool
• glass fibers and combinations thereof
• release liners porous substrates, cellulose substrates, sheets (e.g., paper, and fiber sheets), paper products, woven and nonwoven webs (e.g., webs made from fibers (e.g., yarn, thread, filaments, microfibers, blown fibers, and spun fibers) perforated films, and combinations thereof), tape backings, and combinations thereof.
• the hot melt adhesive composition is useful for bonding a variety of substrates including, e.g., cardboard, coated cardboard, paperboard, fiber board, virgin and recycled kraft, high and low density kraft, chipboard, treated and coated kraft and chipboard, and corrugated versions of the same, clay coated chipboard carton stock, composites, leather, fibers and substrates made from fibers (e.g., virgin fibers, recycled fibers, synthetic polymer fibers, cellulose fibers, and combinations thereof), release liners, porous substrates (e.g., woven webs, nonwoven webs, and perforated films), cellulose substrates, sheets (e.g., paper, and fiber sheets), paper products, tape backings, and combinations thereof.
• substrates including, e.g., cardboard, coated cardboard, paperboard, fiber board, virgin and recycled kraft, high and low density kraft, chipboard, treated and coated kraft and chipboard, and corrugated versions of the same, clay coated chipboard carton stock, composites, leather, fibers and substrates made from
• the hot melt adhesive composition is useful for bonding a first substrate to a second substrate in a variety of applications and constructions including, e.g., packaging, bags, boxes, cartons, cases, trays, multi-wall bags, articles that include attachments (e.g., straws attached to drink boxes), ream wrap, cigarettes (e.g., plug wrap), filters (e.g., pleated filters and filter frames), bookbinding, paper products including, e.g., paper towels (e.g., multiple use towels), toilet paper, facial tissue, wipes, tissues, towels (e.g., paper towels), and combinations thereof.
• attachments e.g., straws attached to drink boxes
• ream wrap e.g., cigarettes
• filters e.g., pleated filters and filter frames
• bookbinding paper products including, e.g., paper towels (e.g., multiple use towels), toilet paper, facial tissue, wipes, tissues, towels (e.g., paper towels), and combinations thereof.
• the hot melt adhesive composition can be applied to a substrate in any useful form including, e.g., as a coating (e.g., a continuous coatings and discontinuous coatings (e.g., random, pattern, and array)), as a bead, as a film (e.g., a continuous films and discontinuous films), and combinations thereof, using any suitable application method including, e.g., slot coating, spray coating (e.g., spiral spray, random spraying, and random fiberization (e.g., melt blowing), foaming, extrusion (e.g., applying a bead, fine line extrusion, single screw extrusion, and twin screw extrusion), wheel application, noncontact coating, contacting coating, gravure, engraved roller, roll coating, transfer coating, screen printing, flexographic, “on demand” application methods, and combinations thereof.
• a coating e.g., a continuous coatings and discontinuous coatings (e.g., random, pattern, and array)
• a film e
• the volume of molten hot melt composition is no greater than about 1 liter, or even no greater than about 500 milliliters, and the hot melt composition is maintained in a molten state for a relatively brief period of time, including, e.g., less than two hours, less than one hour, or even less than 30 minutes.
• Suitable on demand hot melt adhesive application systems include, e.g., InvisiPac Tank-Free Hot Melt Delivery System from Graco Minnesota Inc. (Minneapolis, Minnesota) and the Freedom Hot Melt Dispensing System from Nordson Corporation (Westlake, Ohio). On demand hot melt adhesive application systems are described in U.S.
• the invention will now be described by way of the following examples. All parts, ratios, percentages and amounts stated in the Examples are by weight unless otherwise specified.
• Viscosity is determined in accordance with ASTM D-3236 entitled,“Standard Test Method for Apparent viscosity of Hot Melt Adhesives and Coating Materials,” (October 31, 1988), using a Brookfield viscometer, a Brookfield Thermosel heated sample chamber, and a number 27 spindle. The results are reported in centipoise (cP).
• a bead of adhesive composition measuring 5.08 cm by 0.24 cm is applied to a first substrate of RockTenn 56SK-23ME-56SK high performance 44 pound ECT 87 % virgin liner board using a MEC ASM-15N Hot Melt Bond Simulator at 177 °C.
• Two seconds after the bead of adhesive is applied to the first substrate the bead of adhesive is contacted with the second substrate of RockTenn 56SK-23ME-56SK high performance 44 pound ECT 87 % virgin liner board, which is then pressed against the first substrate with a pressure of 0.21 MPa and for a period of time (referred to herein as the compression time).
• Simulator timer is started when the substrates are compressed. After a pre-programmed compression time the instrument separates the two substrates by pulling on the second substrate in the Z direction and holding the first substrate in a fixed position and the force required to separate the substrates and the amount of fiber tear present on the adhesive composition is measured. Samples are run in triplicate at each compression time. Initially, the compression time is 0.5 seconds. If the three samples fail to exhibit greater than 50 % Fiber Tear for each sample, the compression time is increased by 0.1 second and the test method is repeated until greater than 50 % fiber tear is noted for all three samples. The set time is recorded as the compression time at which the three samples achieve greater than 50 % fiber tear immediately upon separation. The set time is recorded in seconds. Heat Stress Resistance Test Method
• Heat stress resistance is measured according to standard number IOPP T-3006 entitled,“Suggested Test Method for Determining the Heat Stress Resistance of Hot Melt Adhesives,” using a starting temperature of 46 °C (115 °F) , a 200 gram load per sample, and five bonded samples per adhesive. After each 24 hour period, the number of samples that are no longer supporting the weight is recorded, and the temperature is increased by 2.8 °C (5.0 °F). The pass temperature for each adhesive, which is defined as the maximum temperature at which 80 % of the samples remain bonded, is the heat stress resistance and is reported in degrees Celsius (°C). Fiber Tear Test Method
• the percentage fiber tear is the percentage of fiber that covers the area of the adhesive after two substrates, which have been previously bonded together through the adhesive, are separated by force.
• the percentage of fiber tear exhibited by an adhesive composition is determined as follows. A bead of the adhesive composition measuring 15.24 cm (6 inch) x 0.24 cm (3/32 inch) is applied to a first substrate of RockTenn 56SK-23ME-56SK 44 pound ECT 87 % virgin liner board, using a ROCKTENN bond simulator at the specified application temperature.
• the bead of adhesive is contacted with a second substrate of RockTenn 56SK-23ME-56SK 44 pound ECT 87 % virgin liner board, which is pressed against the adhesive and the first substrate with a pressure of 0.21 MPa (30 pounds per square inch (psi)) for a period of 2 seconds.
• the resulting constructions are then conditioned at room temperature for at least 4 hours and then conditioned at the specified test temperature for at least 12 hours.
• the substrates of the construction are then separated from one another at the conditioning temperature (e.g., immediately after removing the sample from the conditioning chamber) by pulling the two substrates apart from one another by hand.
• the surface of the adhesive composition is observed and the percent of the surface area of the adhesive composition that is covered by fibers is determined and recorded. A minimum of five samples are prepared and tested for each hot melt adhesive composition. The results are reported in units of % fiber tear.
• a 200 gram sample of hot melt adhesive composition is placed in a glass beaker (uncovered) and conditioned in a temperature controlled, forced air oven at 177 °C for 200 hours. The molten sample is removed from the oven. The molten sample is observed for the presence of gel, surface skin formation, and charring. The observations are recorded.
• the sample is then tested according to the Viscosity test method and the measured viscosity is reported in centipoise.
• the melting point is determined according to ASTM D-3461 entitled,“Standard Test Method for Softening Point of Asphalt and Pitch (Mettler Cup and Ball Method)” with a heating rate of 2 °C per minute. Gardner Color
• a sample is tested (in the molten state) to determine Gardner color by comparing the color of the sample against the Gardner Color Standards as set forth in ASTM D-1544. The comparison is made using a Gardner Delta Comparator equipped with an Illuminator available from Pacific Scientific (Bethesda, Maryland). The result is reported as the number corresponding to the Gardner Color Standard. Examples 1-4
• Hot melt adhesive compositions of Examples 1-4 were prepared by combining LINXAR 127 propylene-hexene copolymer (ExxonMobil Chemical Company, Houston, Texas), wax, oil, and antioxidant in the amounts (in % by weight) and of the types specified in Table 1, and heating the same to from 175 °C to 190 °C with mixing.
• LINXAR 127 propylene-hexene copolymer ExxonMobil Chemical Company, Houston, Texas
• wax, oil, and antioxidant in the amounts (in % by weight) and of the types specified in Table 1, and heating the same to from 175 °C to 190 °C with mixing.
• Hot melt adhesive compositions of Examples 5-8 were prepared by combining LINXAR 127 propylene-hexene copolymer (ExxonMobil Chemical Company, Houston, Texas), wax, oil, antioxidant and tackifying agent in the amounts (in % by weight) and of the types specified in Table 2, and heating the same to from 175 °C to 190 °C with mixing.
• LINXAR 127 propylene-hexene copolymer ExxonMobil Chemical Company, Houston, Texas
• wax, oil, antioxidant and tackifying agent in the amounts (in % by weight) and of the types specified in Table 2, and heating the same to from 175 °C to 190 °C with mixing.
• Hot melt adhesive compositions of Examples 9-13 were prepared by combining LINXAR 127 propylene-hexene copolymer (ExxonMobil Chemical Company, Houston, Texas), wax, oil (where present), and antioxidant in the amounts (in % by weight) and of the types specified in Table 3, and heating the same to from 175 °C to 190 °C with mixing.
• Hot melt adhesive compositions of Examples 14-17 were prepared by combining the components in the amounts (in % by weight) and of the types specified in Table 4, and heating the same to from 175 °C to 190 °C with mixing.
• the hot melt adhesive compositions of Examples 18 and 19 were tested according to at least one of the Viscosity, Set Time, and Fiber Tear test methods. The results are reported in Table 5 Table 5
• a hot melt adhesive composition comprising at least 40 % by weight of an unmodified, semi-crystalline propylene polymer comprising at least 50 % by weight propylene, at least 15 % by weight non-functionalized wax, the non-functionalized wax comprising a first non-functionalized wax and a second non-functionalized wax different from the first non-functionalized wax, and no greater than 8 % by weight of an ethylene- ethylenically unsaturated ester copolymer.
• a hot melt adhesive composition comprising at least 40 % by weight of an unmodified, semi-crystalline propylene polymer comprising at least 50 % by weight propylene, at least 15 % by weight non-functionalized wax, from 0 % by weight to no greater than 10 % by weight functionalized wax, and from 1 % by weight to 10 % by weight elastomeric block copolymer that includes styrene.
• a hot melt adhesive composition that includes at least 55 % by weight of a semi-crystalline propylene polymer comprising at least 50 % by weight propylene, and greater than 20 % by weight wax, the wax comprising a first wax, a second wax different from the first wax, and from 0 % by weight to no greater than 10 % by weight, based on the weight of the hot melt adhesive composition, functionalized wax, the hot melt adhesive composition exhibiting a set time of no greater than 2 seconds.
• the hot melt adhesive composition of any one of paragraphs 1-22 comprising from 45 % by weight to about 70 % by weight unmodified, semi-crystalline propylene polymer, from about 20 % by weight to about 35 % by weight non-functionalized wax, and from 0 % by weight to about 10 % by weight functionalized wax.
• thermoplastic adhesive composition of any one of paragraphs 1-25, comprising from 50 % by weight to about 65 % by weight unmodified, semi-crystalline polypropylene polymer.
• thermoplastic adhesive composition of any one of paragraphs 1-29, wherein the composition exhibits a heat stress resistance of greater than 60 °C, greater than 50 % fiber tear at -18 °C, and greater than 50 % fiber tear at 60 °C.
• thermoplastic adhesive composition of any one of paragraphs 1-30, wherein the composition exhibits a viscosity of no greater than 1500 centipoise at 149 °C.
• non-functionalized wax comprises a first non-functionalized wax and a second non- functionalized wax different from the first non-functionalized wax.
• thermoplastic adhesive composition of any one of paragraphs 1-32 further comprising from 15 % by weight to 30 % by weight tackifying agent.
• a package comprising the hot melt adhesive composition of any one of paragraphs 1-33, a first substrate comprising fibers, and a second substrate comprising fibers, the second substrate bonded to the first substrate through the adhesive composition.

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