WO2016063870A1 - 表示装置 - Google Patents
表示装置 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2016063870A1 WO2016063870A1 PCT/JP2015/079577 JP2015079577W WO2016063870A1 WO 2016063870 A1 WO2016063870 A1 WO 2016063870A1 JP 2015079577 W JP2015079577 W JP 2015079577W WO 2016063870 A1 WO2016063870 A1 WO 2016063870A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- light emitting
- layer
- electrode
- organic
- display device
- Prior art date
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- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
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- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/137—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering
- G02F1/13762—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering containing luminescent or electroluminescent additives
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/1336—Illuminating devices
- G02F1/133602—Direct backlight
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/03—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on ceramics or electro-optical crystals, e.g. exhibiting Pockels effect or Kerr effect
- G02F1/0305—Constructional arrangements
- G02F1/0316—Electrodes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/061—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on electro-optical organic material
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/1336—Illuminating devices
- G02F1/133621—Illuminating devices providing coloured light
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/10—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED]
- H10K50/11—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED] characterised by the electroluminescent [EL] layers
- H10K50/125—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED] characterised by the electroluminescent [EL] layers specially adapted for multicolour light emission, e.g. for emitting white light
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/80—Constructional details
- H10K50/805—Electrodes
- H10K50/81—Anodes
- H10K50/816—Multilayers, e.g. transparent multilayers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K59/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element covered by group H10K50/00
- H10K59/80—Constructional details
- H10K59/805—Electrodes
- H10K59/8051—Anodes
- H10K59/80517—Multilayers, e.g. transparent multilayers
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/133509—Filters, e.g. light shielding masks
- G02F1/133514—Colour filters
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/1336—Illuminating devices
- G02F1/133602—Direct backlight
- G02F1/133613—Direct backlight characterized by the sequence of light sources
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/1336—Illuminating devices
- G02F1/133621—Illuminating devices providing coloured light
- G02F1/133622—Colour sequential illumination
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a field sequential display device including an organic electroluminescence element (organic EL element) as a light source.
- organic EL element organic electroluminescence element
- the field sequential method is a color display method using a color mixture by “time division”.
- organic electroluminescence (EL) elements have been proposed as direct-type or side-edge type backlights instead of LEDs (see, for example, Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2).
- any one of red (R), green (G), and blue (B) constituting the backlight can be emitted and continuously displayed for each field.
- Each color is switched (time-division) to emit light, and an arbitrary color light is obtained by sufficiently increasing the switching speed.
- a color field is divided into an R field, a G field, and a B field, and each RGB field is caused to emit light with a time difference in order, and one color field is displayed on the display panel.
- the backlight emission is red (R)
- the backlight emission is blue (B)
- the G field is displayed.
- the backlight emission is green (G).
- a color moving image can be displayed by displaying each of the three color fields that are time-divided in this manner while continuously changing the emission color.
- the field sequential display device has no light loss due to absorption and does not use an expensive color filter compared to a method using a color filter, so the number of members can be reduced, which is a great advantage for cost reduction.
- the display panel is driven at a high speed by the field sequential method. Therefore, the organic EL element also requires a driving speed in combination with the high speed driving of the display panel.
- ITO Indium Tin Oxide
- ITO is used as a transparent electrode of an organic EL element used for a backlight.
- the driving speed required in the field sequential method cannot be obtained sufficiently, and the driving of the organic EL element becomes unstable.
- driving of the display device becomes unstable.
- the present invention provides a display device capable of stable driving in a field sequential method.
- the display device of the present invention includes a backlight and a field sequential display panel.
- the light emission part of a backlight is an organic electroluminescent element provided with the several light emission unit which light-emits a different color, and at least 1 electrode of an organic electroluminescent element consists of an alloy which has Ag or Ag as a main component.
- a display device capable of stable driving can be provided.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a display device to which a field sequential method can be applied.
- the display device shown in FIG. 1 includes a display panel 200 and a backlight 100 made of an organic electroluminescence element (organic EL element).
- FIG. 2 shows a planar arrangement of the backlight 100 used in the display device.
- the display panel 200 is a display panel for a field sequential method that is driven at a high speed by a TFT (Thin Film Transistor) method.
- the display panel 200 has a well-known configuration in the TFT system, and the display panel 200 has a liquid crystal layer 206 between two transparent substrates 202 (for example, a glass substrate or a transparent film substrate) provided with a polarizing plate 201 on the outer surface side. Is sandwiched.
- a pixel electrode 204 and a thin film transistor (TFT) 203 are formed on the lower transparent substrate 202. Further, data lines 210 and scanning lines (not shown) are arranged in a matrix on the transparent substrate 202 with an insulating layer 207 interposed therebetween. A TFT 203 and a pixel electrode 204 are disposed at the intersection of the data line 210 and the scanning line.
- TFT thin film transistor
- a liquid crystal layer 206 capable of high-speed response sandwiched by the alignment film 205 is formed.
- a spacer 208, a seal 209, and a pair of alignment films 205 form a space that encloses the liquid crystal layer 206.
- the display panel 200 is required to be capable of high-speed response in order to display a full-color image by a field sequential method.
- a display panel of a MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical Systems) type may be used. Note that since the display panel 200 is applied to a field sequential display device, a color filter is not provided.
- the light emitting part of the backlight 100 is composed of a strip-shaped organic EL element. These strip-shaped organic EL elements are arranged in parallel in the light emitting surface direction.
- a first electrode 102 made of a transparent electrode formed in a strip-like and substantially parallel stripe shape and a partition wall 108 made of an insulating material are formed.
- the partition wall 108 is formed along the first electrode 102 and is disposed on the first electrode 102 leaving an opening.
- the light emission units 103r, 103g, and 103b containing the light emitting layer which light-emits each color of red, green, or blue are formed.
- the second electrode 104 that is a back electrode is deposited according to the level difference over the transparent substrate 101 at the periphery.
- one of the first electrode 102 and the second electrode 104 functions as a cathode and the other functions as an anode with respect to the light-emitting units 103r, 103g, and 103b sandwiched therebetween.
- a portion where the first electrode 102, the light emitting unit 103r, and the second electrode 104 overlap is formed as one organic EL element.
- a portion where the first electrode 102, the light emitting unit 103g, and the second electrode 104 overlap is formed as one organic EL element, and a portion where the first electrode 102, the light emitting unit 103b, and the second electrode 104 overlap is formed. It is formed as one organic EL element.
- FIG. 2 shows stripe-shaped organic EL regions 109r, 109g, and 109b formed as the backlight 100 and emitting R, G, and B colors.
- the organic EL regions 109r, 109g, and 109b correspond to the respective organic EL elements including the first electrode 102, the light emitting units 103r, 103g, and 103b, and the second electrode 104 shown in FIG.
- the area of the organic EL regions 109r, 109g, and 109b may be within a range where the stripe formation period is averaged when time-division driving is performed and there is no problem in white display.
- FIG. 2 schematically shows the backlight 100. Actually, a large number of organic EL regions 109r, 109g, 109b whose emission colors are red, green, or blue are arranged in parallel to each other. .
- the first electrode 102 is connected to the first terminals 102r, 102g, and 102b for each emission color through a wiring portion made of the same material as the first electrode 102.
- the first electrode 102 of the organic EL region 109r whose emission color is red is connected to the first terminal 102r through the wiring portion
- the first electrode 102 of the organic EL region 109b whose emission color is blue is the emission color of the first terminal 102b.
- the first electrodes 102 of the green organic EL region 109g are connected to the first terminal 102g, respectively.
- first terminals 102r, 102g, and 102b are formed on the transparent substrate 101 on the side of the first electrode 102 according to the number of colors emitted from the organic EL regions 109r, 109g, and 109b. And each 1st terminal 102r, 102g, 102b is connected to one edge part of the 1st electrode 102 corresponding to the same luminescent color through a wiring part.
- all the first electrodes 102 in the organic EL region 109r whose emission color is red and the first terminal 102r for red emission are electrically connected. Further, all the first electrodes 102 of the organic EL region 109g whose emission color is green are electrically connected to the first terminal 102g for green light emission. All the first electrodes 102 of the organic EL region 109b whose emission color is blue and the first terminals 102b for blue light emission are electrically connected.
- the organic EL regions 109r, 109g, and 109b for each of the R, G, and B emission colors can be individually driven.
- the luminance can be changed for each of the organic EL regions 109r, 109g, and 109b of each emission color.
- a second terminal 111 that is electrically separated from the first electrode 102 is formed adjacent to the organic EL regions 109r, 109g, and 109b.
- the second electrode 104 is connected to the second terminal 111 by a conductive layer.
- the second terminal 111 is connected to an external circuit and is supplied with a predetermined voltage.
- the organic EL regions 109r, 109g, and 109b are switched to emit light by time division driving.
- this display device it is necessary to switch fields within about 1/60 second or less in order to prevent flickering of images due to color switching. Therefore, in order to perform display of one color per field using the organic EL element having the above-described configuration, the organic EL regions 109r, 109g, and 109b are sometimes opened in about 1/180 second or less, that is, 6 milliseconds or less. It is necessary to drive separately.
- the first terminals 102r, 102g, and 102b are driven and controlled to emit R, G, and B colors.
- all the first electrodes 102 in the organic EL region 109r, all the first electrodes 102 in the organic EL region 109g, and all the first electrodes 102 in the organic EL region 109b are time-division driven for each emission color. .
- the organic EL element includes a first electrode 102 and a second electrode 104, and units 103r, 103g, and 103b containing an organic material having a light emitting property between the electrodes. Each of these components is provided on the transparent substrate 101.
- the first electrode 102 is configured as a translucent electrode. In this configuration, only a portion where the light emitting unit 103 is sandwiched between the first electrode 102 and the second electrode 104 is a light emitting region in the organic EL element.
- the organic EL element is configured as a bottom emission type in which generated light is extracted at least from the transparent substrate 101 side.
- Examples of the transparent substrate 101 of the organic EL element include, but are not limited to, glass and plastic.
- Examples of the transparent substrate 101 preferably used include glass, quartz, and a transparent resin film.
- polyesters such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polyethylene, polypropylene, cellophane, cellulose diacetate, cellulose triacetate (TAC), cellulose acetate butyrate, cellulose acetate propionate ( CAP), cellulose esters such as cellulose acetate phthalate, cellulose nitrate or derivatives thereof, polyvinylidene chloride, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene vinyl alcohol, syndiotactic polystyrene, polycarbonate, norbornene resin, polymethylpentene, polyether ketone, polyimide , Polyethersulfone (PES), polyphenylene sulfide, polysulfones Cycloolefin resins such as polyetherimide, polyetherketoneimide, polyamide, fluororesin, nylon, polymethylmethacrylate, acrylic or polyarylate, Arton (trade name, manufactured by JSR) or Appel (trade name, manufactured by J
- the 1st electrode 102 is a transparent electrode in an organic EL element, and is a conductive layer comprised using silver or the alloy which has silver as a main component.
- the main component refers to a component having the highest component ratio among the components constituting the first electrode 102.
- Examples of the alloy mainly composed of silver (Ag) constituting the first electrode 102 include silver magnesium (AgMg), silver copper (AgCu), silver palladium (AgPd), silver palladium copper (AgPdCu), and silver indium ( AgIn) and the like.
- the first electrode 102 may have a configuration in which silver or an alloy layer mainly containing silver is divided into a plurality of layers as necessary. Further, the layer thickness of the first electrode 102 is preferably in the range of 2 to 15 nm, more preferably in the range of 3 to 12 nm, and particularly preferably in the range of 4 to 9 nm. When the layer thickness is less than 15 nm, the absorption component or reflection component of the layer is small, and the light transmittance of the first electrode 102 is increased. Further, when the layer thickness is thicker than 2 nm, the conductivity of the layer can be sufficiently ensured.
- a wet process such as a coating method, an ink jet method, a coating method, a dip method, a dry method such as a vapor deposition method (resistance heating, EB method, etc.), a sputtering method, a CVD method, or the like is used. Examples include a method using a process. Among these, the vapor deposition method is preferably applied.
- the 1st electrode 102 comprised using the alloy which has silver or silver as a main component is formed on the following base layer.
- the foundation layer is a layer provided on the transparent substrate 101 side of the first electrode 102.
- the material constituting the underlayer is not particularly limited.
- a nitrogen atom or a sulfur atom that can suppress aggregation of silver is used.
- the upper limit of the layer thickness needs to be less than 50 nm, preferably less than 30 nm, and preferably less than 10 nm. More preferably, it is particularly preferably less than 5 nm.
- the lower limit of the layer thickness is required to be 0.05 nm or more, preferably 0.1 nm or more, and particularly preferably 0.3 nm or more.
- the upper limit of the layer thickness is not particularly limited, and the lower limit of the layer thickness is the same as that of the low refractive index material. .
- the layer is formed with a necessary layer thickness that allows uniform film formation.
- the thickness thereof is preferably set to a thickness that does not hinder the light transmittance of the organic EL element, for example, 5 nm or less.
- the base layer needs to have a thickness that can ensure the film uniformity of the first electrode 102.
- the metal layer has one or more atomic layers in the underlayer.
- the underlayer is preferably a continuous film. Note that even if there is a defect in the continuous phase of the layer containing the metal serving as the silver growth nucleus in the underlayer, the film of the first electrode 102 is sufficient if the defect is smaller than the Ag atoms constituting the first electrode 102. Uniformity can be ensured.
- the compound containing a nitrogen atom constituting the underlayer is not particularly limited as long as it is a compound containing a nitrogen atom in the molecule, but is preferably a compound having a heterocycle having a nitrogen atom as a heteroatom.
- the heterocycle having a nitrogen atom as a hetero atom include aziridine, azirine, azetidine, azeto, azolidine, azole, azinane, pyridine, azepan, azepine, imidazole, pyrazole, oxazole, thiazole, imidazoline, pyrazine, morpholine, thiazine, indole, Examples include isoindole, benzimidazole, purine, quinoline, isoquinoline, quinoxaline, cinnoline, pteridine, acridine, carbazole, benzo-C-cinnoline, porphyrin, chlorin, choline and
- a method using a wet process such as a coating method, an inkjet method, a coating method, a dip method, a vacuum deposition method (resistance heating, EB method, etc.), a sputtering method, an ion plating method, plasma
- a method using a dry process such as a CVD method or a thermal CVD method.
- assist such as IAD (ion assist) in order to increase the film density.
- the layer containing zinc oxide (zinc oxide-containing layer) constituting the base layer contains zinc oxide (ZnO) as a main component.
- the main component in the zinc oxide-containing layer is a component having the highest constituent ratio among constituent components, and is preferably 50 atomic% or more.
- the zinc oxide-containing layer may contain materials other than zinc oxide.
- the dielectric material or the oxide semiconductor material may be an insulating material or a conductive material.
- Examples of the dielectric material or oxide semiconductor material contained in the zinc oxide-containing layer include TiO 2 , ITO (indium tin oxide), ZnS, Nb 2 O 5 , ZrO 2 , CeO 2 , and Ta 2 O 5.
- the zinc oxide-containing layer may contain only one type of dielectric material or oxide semiconductor material, and may contain two or more types.
- the dielectric material or the oxide semiconductor material is particularly preferably ZnS, TiO 2 , GZO, ITO.
- the zinc oxide-containing layer may contain MgF 2 , SiO 2 or the like in addition to the dielectric material and the oxide semiconductor material.
- MgF 2 MgF 2
- SiO 2 SiO 2
- the zinc oxide-containing layer is likely to be amorphous, and the flexibility of the organic EL element is likely to be enhanced.
- the zinc oxide-containing layer contains zinc oxide as a main component from the viewpoint of suppressing the aggregation of silver during film formation of the first electrode 102 and obtaining the first electrode 102 that is thin but has a uniform thickness. It is preferable.
- the amount of zinc atoms contained in the zinc oxide-containing layer is preferably 0.1 to 50 at%, more preferably 0.5 to 50 at%, based on the total number of atoms constituting the zinc oxide-containing layer. .
- the amount of zinc atoms is excessive, uniform film formation of the zinc oxide-containing layer becomes difficult and transparency may be lowered.
- the kind and content of each atom contained in the first electrode 102 are specified by, for example, the XPS method.
- the thickness of the zinc oxide-containing layer is usually preferably 3 to 35 nm, more preferably 5 to 25 nm.
- the thickness of the zinc oxide-containing layer is 3 nm or more, the film formability of the first electrode 102 is sufficiently improved.
- the thickness of the zinc oxide-containing layer is 35 nm or less, the influence on the optical characteristics of the organic EL element is small, and the light transmittance of the organic EL element is hardly lowered.
- the thickness of the zinc oxide-containing layer is measured with an ellipsometer or the like.
- the first electrode 102 is formed on the base layer, and is sufficiently conductive even without a high-temperature annealing treatment after the first electrode 102 is formed.
- the film may be subjected to high-temperature annealing after film formation.
- the Ag atom adhering to a base material produces
- a metal such as Pd, Al, Ti, Pt, or Mo
- the first electrode 102 made of silver or an alloy containing silver as a main component may be provided on an underlayer formed using a compound containing nitrogen atoms.
- the silver atoms constituting the first electrode 102 interact with the compound containing nitrogen atoms constituting the underlayer, and The diffusion distance on the surface of the formation is reduced and silver aggregation is suppressed.
- the zinc atom contained in the zinc oxide-containing layer has a high affinity with the silver of the first electrode 102. For this reason, at the time of forming the first electrode 102, the silver constituting the first electrode 102 is less likely to aggregate on the zinc oxide-containing layer, and the first electrode 102 having a thin and uniform thickness can be formed. Furthermore, since zinc atoms have a high affinity with silver contained in the first electrode 102, aggregation of silver due to moisture and corrosion of silver can be suppressed in a high humidity environment.
- the first electrode 102 made of silver or an alloy containing silver as a main component has a thinner layer and the conductivity is ensured, so that the conductivity of the first electrode 102 can be improved and light can be transmitted. It becomes possible to aim at coexistence with improvement of property.
- the second electrode 104 has a function of supplying, for example, electrons to the light emitting units 103r, 103g, and 103b, and is an electrode film that is a counter electrode with respect to the first electrode 102 that is a transparent electrode.
- a material having a work function (4 eV or less) metal referred to as an electron injecting metal
- an alloy referred to as an electrically conductive compound
- a mixture thereof is used as the second electrode 104.
- the sheet resistance as the second electrode 104 is several ⁇ / sq.
- the film thickness is usually selected from the range of 10 nm to 5 ⁇ m, preferably 50 to 200 nm.
- Electrode materials include sodium, sodium-potassium alloy, magnesium, lithium, magnesium / copper mixture, magnesium / silver mixture, magnesium / aluminum mixture, magnesium / indium mixture, aluminum / aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ) Mixtures, indium, lithium / aluminum mixtures, rare earth metals and the like.
- a mixture of an electron injecting metal and a second metal which is a stable metal having a larger work function than this, for example, a magnesium / silver mixture, A magnesium / aluminum mixture, a magnesium / indium mixture, an aluminum / aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ) mixture, a lithium / aluminum mixture, aluminum, or the like is preferable.
- the second electrode 104 can be produced by forming a thin film of these electrode materials by a method such as vapor deposition or sputtering.
- the light emitting units 103r, 103g, and 103b each include at least a light emitting organic material between the first electrode 102 and the second electrode 104, and have a light emitting layer that emits light of each color of red, green, and blue. Further, another layer may be provided between the light emitting layer and the electrode.
- the light emitting layer is formed of a single layer or a plurality of layers.
- a non-light emitting intermediate layer may be provided between the light emitting layers.
- a hole blocking layer hole blocking layer
- an electron injection layer cathode buffer layer
- An electron blocking layer electron barrier layer
- a hole injection layer anode buffer layer
- the electron transport layer is a layer having a function of transporting electrons.
- the electron transport layer includes an electron injection layer and a hole blocking layer in a broad sense.
- the electron transport layer may be composed of a plurality of layers.
- the hole transport layer is a layer having a function of transporting holes.
- the hole transport layer includes a hole injection layer and an electron blocking layer in a broad sense.
- the hole transport layer may be composed of a plurality of layers.
- the light emitting layer preferably contains a phosphorescent compound as a light emitting material.
- the light emitting layer may be a mixture of a plurality of light emitting materials, or a phosphorescent light emitting material and a fluorescent light emitting material (fluorescent dopant, fluorescent compound) may be mixed and used in the same light emitting layer.
- a host compound such as a light emitting host
- a light emitting material light emitting dopant
- the light emitting layer can be formed by forming a light emitting material or a host compound by a known thin film forming method such as a vacuum deposition method, a spin coating method, a casting method, an LB method, or an ink jet method.
- the light emitting layer is not particularly limited in its configuration as long as the light emitting material included satisfies the light emission requirements.
- the light emitting layer is a layer that emits light by recombination of electrons injected from the electrode or the electron transport layer and holes injected from the hole transport layer, and the light emitting portion is in the layer of the light emitting layer. Alternatively, it may be an interface between the light emitting layer and an adjacent layer. Moreover, there may be a plurality of layers having the same emission spectrum and emission maximum wavelength. In this case, a non-light emitting auxiliary layer may be provided between the light emitting layers.
- the total thickness of the light emitting layers is preferably in the range of 1 to 100 nm, and more preferably in the range of 1 to 30 nm because a lower driving voltage can be obtained.
- the thickness of each light emitting layer is preferably adjusted in the range of 1 to 50 nm, more preferably in the range of 1 to 20 nm. Note that the sum of the thicknesses of the light emitting layers is a layer thickness including the intermediate layers when a non-light emitting intermediate layer exists between the light emitting layers.
- Host compound As the host compound contained in the light emitting layer, a compound having a phosphorescence quantum yield of phosphorescence emission at room temperature (25 ° C) of less than 0.1 is preferable. More preferably, the phosphorescence quantum yield is less than 0.01. Moreover, it is preferable that the volume ratio in the layer is 50% or more among the compounds contained in a light emitting layer.
- a known host compound may be used alone, or a plurality of types may be used.
- a plurality of types of host compounds it is possible to adjust the movement of charges, and the organic EL element can be made highly efficient.
- a plurality of kinds of light emitting materials described later it is possible to mix different light emission, thereby obtaining an arbitrary light emission color.
- Luminescent material examples include phosphorescent compounds (phosphorescent compounds, phosphorescent luminescent materials) and fluorescent compounds (fluorescent compounds, fluorescent luminescent materials).
- a phosphorescent compound is a compound in which light emission from an excited triplet is observed. Specifically, it is a compound that emits phosphorescence at room temperature (25 ° C.), and the phosphorescence quantum yield is 0 at 25 ° C. A preferred phosphorescence quantum yield is 0.1 or more, although it is defined as 0.01 or more compounds.
- the phosphorescent quantum yield can be measured by the method described in Spectroscopic II, page 398 (1992 edition, Maruzen) of Experimental Chemistry Course 4 of the 4th edition.
- the phosphorescence quantum yield in solution can be measured using various solvents, but when using a phosphorescent compound, the above phosphorescence quantum yield (0.01 or more) can be achieved in any solvent. That's fine.
- the phosphorescent compound can be appropriately selected from known compounds used for the light emitting layer of the organic EL device.
- it is a complex compound containing a group 8-10 metal in the periodic table of elements, more preferably an iridium compound, an osmium compound, a platinum compound (platinum complex compound) or a rare earth complex, and most preferred among them.
- the at least one light emitting layer may contain two or more phosphorescent compounds, and the concentration ratio of the phosphorescent compound in the light emitting layer may vary in the thickness direction of the light emitting layer.
- the phosphorescent compound is 0.1 volume% or more and less than 30 volume% with respect to the total amount of the light emitting layer.
- Fluorescent compounds include coumarin dyes, pyran dyes, cyanine dyes, croconium dyes, squalium dyes, oxobenzanthracene dyes, fluorescein dyes, rhodamine dyes, pyrylium dyes, perylene dyes, stilbene dyes. System dyes, polythiophene dyes, rare earth complex phosphors, and the like.
- injection layer hole injection layer, electron injection layer
- the injection layer is a layer provided between the electrode and the light-emitting layer in order to lower the driving voltage and improve the light emission luminance.
- the injection layer can be provided as necessary. If it is a hole injection layer, it may exist between the anode (anode) and the light emitting layer or hole transport layer, and if it is an electron injection layer, it may exist between the cathode (cathode) and the light emitting layer or electron transport layer. .
- the electron injection layer is preferably a very thin layer, and the layer thickness is preferably in the range of 1 nm to 10 ⁇ m, depending on the material.
- the hole transport layer is made of a hole transport material having a function of transporting holes, and in a broad sense, a hole injection layer and an electron blocking layer are also included in the hole transport layer.
- the hole transport layer can be provided as a single layer or a plurality of layers. Further, the hole transport layer may have a single layer structure made of one kind or two or more kinds of materials.
- the layer thickness of the hole transport layer is not particularly limited, but is usually about 5 nm to 5 ⁇ m, preferably 5 to 200 nm.
- the hole transport material has any of hole injection or transport and electron barrier properties, and may be either organic or inorganic.
- the hole transport layer material can be doped with impurities to increase the p property. It is preferable to increase the p property of the hole transport layer because an element with lower power consumption can be manufactured.
- the hole transport layer is formed by thinning the hole transport material by a known method such as a vacuum deposition method, a spin coating method, a casting method, a printing method including an ink jet method, or an LB method. Can do.
- the electron transport layer is made of a material having a function of transporting electrons, and in a broad sense, an electron injection layer and a hole blocking layer (not shown) are also included in the electron transport layer.
- the electron transport layer can be provided as a single layer structure or a stacked structure of a plurality of layers.
- the electron transport layer may have a single-layer structure made of one kind or two or more kinds of materials.
- the thickness of the electron transport layer is not particularly limited, but is usually about 5 nm to 5 ⁇ m, preferably 5 to 200 nm.
- the electron transport layer having a single-layer structure and the electron transport layer having a multilayer structure as an electron transport material (also serving as a hole blocking material) constituting a layer portion adjacent to the light emitting layer, electrons injected from the cathode are emitted from the light emitting layer. It suffices to have a function of transmitting to the network. As such a material, any one of conventionally known compounds can be selected and used.
- the material for the electron transport layer (electron transport compound)
- a compound containing a nitrogen atom constituting the above-described underlayer may be used. This is the same for the electron transport layer that also serves as the electron injection layer, and the same material as that for the above-described underlayer may be used.
- the electron transport layer can be formed by thinning the above material by a known method such as a vacuum deposition method, a spin coating method, a casting method, a printing method including an ink jet method, or an LB method.
- Blocking layer hole blocking layer, electron blocking layer
- the blocking layer is provided as necessary in addition to the basic constituent layer of the organic compound thin film. For example, as described in JP-A Nos. 11-204258 and 11-204359 and “Organic EL elements and the forefront of industrialization (published by NTT Corporation on November 30, 1998)”. There is a hole blocking layer.
- the hole blocking layer has a function of an electron transport layer in a broad sense.
- the hole blocking layer is made of a hole blocking material that has a function of transporting electrons but has a very small ability to transport holes, and recombines electrons and holes by blocking holes while transporting electrons. Probability can be improved.
- the structure of an electron carrying layer can be used as a hole-blocking layer as needed.
- the hole blocking layer is preferably provided adjacent to the light emitting layer.
- the electron blocking layer has a function of a hole transport layer in a broad sense.
- the electron blocking layer is made of a material that has a function of transporting holes but has a very small ability to transport electrons. By blocking holes while transporting holes, the electron recombination probability is improved. Can be made.
- the structure of a positive hole transport layer can be used as an electron blocking layer as needed.
- the thickness of the hole blocking layer is preferably in the range of 3 to 100 nm, more preferably in the range of 5 to 30 nm.
- Second Embodiment of Display Device> a second embodiment of the field sequential display device will be described.
- the second embodiment is different from the first embodiment only in the configuration of the organic EL element of the backlight. For this reason, in the following description, only the configuration of the organic EL element will be described, and the description of the configuration of the display panel and the like and the overlapping description in each configuration will be omitted.
- FIG. 3 shows a schematic configuration diagram of a field sequential display device according to the second embodiment.
- the field sequential display device shown in FIG. 3 includes a display panel 200 and a backlight 300 composed of an organic electroluminescence element (organic EL element).
- organic EL element organic electroluminescence element
- a so-called three-layer stack in which three layers of light-emitting units are stacked in the thickness direction (light emission direction) of the organic EL elements that constitute the light-emitting portion of the backlight 300. It has a structure. Further, unlike the first embodiment, the organic EL element does not have a partition made of an insulating material for distinguishing organic EL elements having different emission colors, and is continuous over the entire area where the backlight 300 is provided. Is formed.
- the organic EL elements constituting the backlight 300 are provided on a transparent substrate 301 with a first electrode 302, a first light emitting unit 303, a first intermediate electrode 304, a second light emitting unit 305, The two intermediate electrodes 306, the third light emitting unit 307, and the second electrode 308 are stacked in this order.
- the organic EL element includes a first light-emitting unit 303, a second light-emitting unit 305, and a first light-emitting unit 303 sandwiched between the first electrode 302, the first intermediate electrode 304, the second intermediate electrode 306, and the second electrode 308, respectively.
- One of the three light emitting units 307 functions as a cathode and the other functions as an anode.
- the first electrode 302 is composed of a transparent electrode. Similar to the first electrode of the first embodiment described above, it is configured using silver or an alloy containing silver as a main component. Examples of the alloy mainly composed of silver (Ag) include silver magnesium (AgMg), silver copper (AgCu), silver palladium (AgPd), silver palladium copper (AgPdCu), silver indium (AgIn), and the like.
- the first electrode 302 is preferably in the range of 2 to 15 nm, more preferably in the range of 3 to 12 nm, and particularly preferably in the range of 4 to 9 nm.
- the layer thickness is less than 15 nm, the absorption component or reflection component of the layer is small, and the light transmittance of the first electrode 102 is increased. Further, when the layer thickness is thicker than 2 nm, the conductivity of the layer can be sufficiently ensured.
- the transparent electrode composed of silver or an alloy containing silver as a main component is formed on the base layer.
- the underlayer as in the first embodiment, for example, the first electrode 302, the first intermediate electrode 304, and the second intermediate electrode 306 made of silver or an alloy containing silver as a main component are formed.
- a layer containing a nitrogen atom or sulfur atom that can suppress aggregation of silver, a layer containing a metal such as Pd, Al, Ti, Pt, or Mo that becomes a growth nucleus when forming a silver film, and zinc oxide A content layer is mentioned.
- the first intermediate electrode 304 and the second intermediate electrode 306 are provided between the first light emitting unit 303, the second light emitting unit 305, and the third light emitting unit 307 in the organic EL element. For this reason, it is preferable that the first intermediate electrode 304 and the second intermediate electrode 306 have few absorption components and reflection components of the layer and have high light transmittance.
- the same configuration as the first electrode 302 described above can be applied.
- silver of 2 to 15 nm or an alloy containing silver as a main component can be used.
- the first intermediate electrode 304 and the second intermediate electrode 306 may be formed on the above-described base layer, or constitute a light emitting unit. You may form directly on organic material layers, such as an electron carrying layer.
- first intermediate electrode 304 and the second intermediate electrode 306 for example, aluminum of 5 nm to 20 nm can be used. Furthermore, the structure which laminated
- first intermediate electrode 304 and the second intermediate electrode 306 ITO (indium / tin oxide), IZO (indium / zinc oxide), ZnO 2 , TiN, ZrN, HfN, TiO x , VO x , CuI, InN, GaN, CuAlO 2 , CuGaO 2 , SrCu 2 O 2 , LaB 6 , RuO 2 and other conductive inorganic compound layers, Au / Bi 2 O 3 and other two-layer films, SnO 2 / Ag / Multilayer films such as SnO 2 , ZnO / Ag / ZnO, Bi 2 O 3 / Au / Bi 2 O 3 , TiO 2 / TiN / TiO 2 , TiO 2 / ZrN / TiO 2 , fullerenes such as C 60 , oligos Conductive organic material layers such as thiophene, conductive organic compound layers such as metal phthalocyanines, metal-free phthalo
- the second electrode 308 is an electrode film that is a counter electrode with respect to the first electrode 302, the first intermediate electrode 304, and the second intermediate electrode 306 that are transparent electrodes.
- the second electrode 308 corresponds to the second electrode of the first embodiment described above, and a configuration similar to that of the second electrode of the first embodiment can be applied.
- a material having a work function (4 eV or less) metal referred to as an electron injecting metal
- an alloy referred to as an alloy
- an electrically conductive compound an electrically conductive compound
- a mixture thereof as an electrode material is used.
- the first light emitting unit 303, the second light emitting unit 305, and the third light emitting unit 307 each have a light emitting layer that emits a predetermined color.
- Each light emitting layer includes at least a light emitting organic material.
- each light emitting layer includes a light emitting dopant of each color of blue (B), green (G), and red (R) as the light emitting organic material.
- the first light emitting unit 303, the second light emitting unit 305, and the third light emitting unit 307 emit light of any one of R, G, and B, respectively. This corresponds to the stripe-shaped organic EL region and the light emitting unit that emit each color of R, G, and B in the first embodiment.
- the 1st light emission unit 303, the 2nd light emission unit 305, and the 3rd light emission unit 307 are set as the structure similar to the light emission unit which light-emits each red, green, or blue color of the above-mentioned 1st Embodiment, respectively. be able to.
- the organic EL element has a configuration capable of freely adjusting the emission color by controlling each light emitting layer.
- the organic EL elements may be stacked so that the diode characteristics of the first light emitting unit 303, the second light emitting unit 305, and the third light emitting unit 307 are in the same direction, or stacked differently. Also good. For example, all of the first light emitting unit 303, the second light emitting unit 305, and the third light emitting unit 307 may be stacked in the same direction, and the first light emitting unit 303, the third light emitting unit 307, and the like. The diode characteristics may be stacked in the same direction, and only the second light emitting unit 305 may be stacked in a direction in which the diode characteristics are different from those of the two light emitting units.
- FIG. 4 shows an equivalent circuit diagram and a timing chart of the organic EL element.
- a pair of electrodes sandwiching the first light emitting unit 303, the second light emitting unit 305, and the third light emitting unit 307 (the first electrode 302, the first intermediate electrode 304, the second intermediate electrode 306, and the like shown in FIG. A second electrode 308) is connected in parallel.
- the first light emitting unit 303 emits red (R)
- the second light emitting unit 305 emits blue (B)
- the third light emitting unit 307 emits green (G)
- the timing chart shown in FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the drive timing of the display panel and the light emission timing of each light emitting unit of the organic EL element of the backlight.
- a timing chart of driving pulses of Vr, Vg, and Vb when the R, G, and B fields are sequentially driven to form one frame for the organic EL region (pixel) is shown.
- the light emitting unit sequentially divides each color of R, G, and B, and emits each color, for example, by dividing one frame into three equal parts (1/3 frame). Then, the display panel shields the light emitted by the time division in synchronism for each of the three primary colors, so that time-division field images (R field, G field, B field) are sequentially formed. Then, one frame image is formed by temporal color mixing of the time-division field images of the respective colors.
- the ratios of the light emission periods of the R, G, and B light emitting units are the same is described.
- the ratio of the light emission periods of the light emitting units may be arbitrarily changed. Is possible.
- the life of the backlight can be extended by adjusting the light emission periods of R, G, and B according to the life of each light emitting unit.
- the light emission period of the light emitting unit having relatively large deterioration with time is longer than that of the other light emitting units.
- the organic EL element including the light emitting unit capable of emitting the R, G, and B primary colors has been described.
- the light emitting color of the light emitting unit is not limited to this.
- a configuration including a light emitting unit capable of emitting complementary colors of yellow, cyan, and magenta may be used.
- the three primary colors may be emitted by combining these complementary colors.
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Abstract
Description
このように時分割された3色のカラーの各フィールドを、発光色を切り替えながら連続して表示することにより、カラーの動画を表示できる。
しかしながら、上述の特許文献1及び特許文献2に記載されたフィールドシーケンシャル液晶表示装置においては、バックライトに用いられる有機EL素子の透明電極としてITO(Indium Tin Oxide)が用いられている。有機EL素子の透明電極としてITOを用いた場合には、透明電極の抵抗値が高いため、フィールドシーケンシャル方式において必要となる駆動速度が十分に得られず、有機EL素子の駆動が不安定となることがある。
このため、ITOを透明電極として備える有機EL素子をバックライトとして用いた場合には、表示装置の駆動が不安定となる。
なお、説明は以下の順序で行う。
1.表示装置の第1実施形態
2.表示装置の第2実施形態
3.タイミングチャート
図1に、フィールドシーケンシャル方式を適用可能な表示装置の概略構成図を示す。図1に示す表示装置は、表示パネル200と、有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子(有機EL素子)からなるバックライト100とを備える。
また、図2に、この表示装置に用いられるバックライト100の平面配置を示す。
表示パネル200は、TFT(Thin Film Transistor)方式により高速駆動されるフィールシーケンシャル方式用の表示パネルである。表示パネル200は、TFT方式における周知の構成であり、表示パネル200は、偏光板201を外面側に備えた2枚の透明基板202(例えば、ガラス基板若しくは透明フィルム基板)の間に液晶層206が挟まれている。
次に、図1に示すフィールドシーケンシャル方式に用いられるバックライト100について説明する。バックライト100の発光部は、帯状の有機EL素子からなる。この帯状の有機EL素子が発光面方向に並行に並べられている。
第1端子102r,102g,102bは、第1電極102の側方の透明基板101上において、有機EL領域109r,109g,109bの発光色数に応じて同じ数が形成されている。そして、各第1端子102r,102g,102bは、同じ発光色に対応する第1電極102の一方の端部に配線部を介して接続されている。
次に、バックライトの発光部を構成する有機EL素子の各構成について説明する。
有機EL素子は、第1電極102及び第2電極104と、この電極間に発光性を有する有機材料を含むユニット103r,103g,103bを備える。そして、これらの各構成が、透明基板101上に設けられている。
また、有機EL素子において、第1電極102が、透光性の電極として構成されている。この構成において、第1電極102と第2電極104とで発光ユニット103が挟持されている部分のみが、有機EL素子における発光領域である。そして、有機EL素子は、発生させた光を、少なくとも透明基板101側から取り出すボトムエミッション型として構成されている。
以下、これら各構成の詳細について説明する。
有機EL素子の透明基板101としては、例えばガラス、プラスチック等を挙げることができるが、これらに限定されない。好ましく用いられる透明基板101としては、ガラス、石英、透明樹脂フィルムを挙げることができる。
第1電極102は、有機EL素子における透明電極であり、銀又は銀を主成分とした合金を用いて構成された導電層である。ここで、主成分とは、第1電極102を構成する成分のうち、構成比率が最も高い成分をいう。
さらに、この第1電極102の層厚は、2~15nmの範囲内にあることが好ましく、3~12nmの範囲内にあることがより好ましく、4~9nmの範囲内にあることが特に好ましい。層厚が15nmより薄い場合には、層の吸収成分又は反射成分が少なく、第1電極102の光透過率が大きくなる。また、層厚が2nmより厚い場合には、層の導電性を十分に確保することができる。
また、銀又は銀を主成分とした合金を用いて構成された第1電極102は、下記の下地層上に形成さることが好ましい。下地層は、第1電極102の透明基板101側に設けられる層である。
下地層を構成する材料としては、特に限定されるものではなく、例えば、銀又は銀を主成分とする合金からなる第1電極102の成膜に際し、銀の凝集を抑制できる窒素原子や硫黄原子を含んだ化合物等や、銀を成膜する際に成長核となるPd、Al、Ti、Pt、Mo等の金属を含む層、及び、酸化亜鉛を含む層が挙げられる。
下地層が、高屈折率材料(屈折率1.7以上)からなる場合、その層厚の上限としては特に制限はなく、層厚の下限としては上記低屈折率材料からなる場合と同様である。
ただし、単なる下地層の機能としては、均一な成膜が得られる必要層厚で形成されれば十分である。
一方、亜鉛原子の量が過剰であると、酸化亜鉛含有層の均一な成膜が難しくなり、透明性が低下する場合がある。第1電極102に含まれる各原子の種類や、その含有量は、例えばXPS法等で特定される。
第2電極104は、発光ユニット103r,103g,103bに、例えば電子を供給する機能を有し、透明電極である第1電極102に対して対向電極となる電極膜である。第2電極104は、仕事関数の小さい(4eV以下)金属(電子注入性金属と称する)、合金、電気伝導性化合物及びこれらの混合物を電極物質とするものが用いられる。
第2電極104としてのシート抵抗は数Ω/sq.以下が好ましく、膜厚は通常10nm~5μmの範囲内、好ましくは50~200nmの範囲内で選ばれる。
これらの中で、電子注入性及び酸化等に対する耐久性の点から、電子注入性金属とこれより仕事関数の値が大きく安定な金属である第二金属との混合物、例えば、マグネシウム/銀混合物、マグネシウム/アルミニウム混合物、マグネシウム/インジウム混合物、アルミニウム/酸化アルミニウム(Al2O3)混合物、リチウム/アルミニウム混合物やアルミニウム等が好適である。
第2電極104は、蒸着やスパッタリング等の方法によりこれらの電極物質の薄膜を形成することにより、作製することができる。
発光ユニット103r,103g,103bは、第1電極102と第2電極104との間において、少なくとも発光性を有する有機材料を含み、赤、緑又は青の各色に発光する発光層を有し、さらに、発光層と電極との間に他の層を備えていてもよい。
(1)陽極/発光層/陰極
(2)陽極/発光層/電子輸送層/陰極
(3)陽極/正孔輸送層/発光層/陰極
(4)陽極/正孔輸送層/発光層/電子輸送層/陰極
(5)陽極/正孔輸送層/発光層/電子輸送層/電子注入層/陰極
(6)陽極/正孔注入層/正孔輸送層/発光層/電子輸送層/陰極
(7)陽極/正孔注入層/正孔輸送層/(電子阻止層/)発光層/(正孔阻止層/)電子輸送層/電子注入層/陰極
上記の中で(7)の構成が好ましく用いられるが、これに限定されるものではない。
上記の代表的な素子構成において、陽極と陰極を除く層が、発光性を有する発光ユニットである。
上記構成において、発光層は、単層または複数層で構成される。発光層が複数の場合は、各発光層の間に非発光性の中間層を設けてもよい。
また、必要に応じて、発光層と陰極との間に正孔阻止層(正孔障壁層)や電子注入層(陰極バッファー層)等を設けてもよく、また、発光層と陽極との間に電子阻止層(電子障壁層)や正孔注入層(陽極バッファー層)等を設けてもよい。
電子輸送層は、電子を輸送する機能を有する層である。電子輸送層には、広い意味で電子注入層、及び、正孔阻止層も含まれる。また、電子輸送層は、複数層で構成されていてもよい。
正孔輸送層は、正孔を輸送する機能を有する層である。正孔輸送層には、広い意味で正孔注入層、及び、電子阻止層も含まれる。また、正孔輸送層は、複数層で構成されていてもよい。
発光層には、発光材料としてリン光発光化合物が含有されていることが好ましい。また、発光層は、複数の発光材料を混合してもよく、また、リン光発光材料と蛍光発光材料(蛍光ドーパント、蛍光性化合物)とを同一発光層中に混合して用いてもよい。発光層の構成として、ホスト化合物(発光ホスト等)、発光材料(発光ドーパント)を含有し、発光材料より発光させることが好ましい。発光層は、発光材料やホスト化合物を、例えば、真空蒸着法、スピンコート法、キャスト法、LB法、インクジェット法等の公知の薄膜形成方法により成膜して形成することができる。
発光層に含有されるホスト化合物としては、室温(25℃)におけるリン光発光のリン光量子収率が0.1未満の化合物が好ましい。さらに好ましくはリン光量子収率が0.01未満である。また、発光層に含有される化合物の中で、その層中での体積比が50%以上であることが好ましい。
発光材料としては、リン光発光性化合物(リン光性化合物、リン光発光材料)と蛍光発光性化合物(蛍光性化合物、蛍光発光材料)が挙げられる。
リン光発光性化合物とは、励起三重項からの発光が観測される化合物であり、具体的には室温(25℃)にてリン光発光する化合物であり、リン光量子収率が25℃において0.01以上の化合物であると定義されるが、好ましいリン光量子収率は0.1以上である。
蛍光発光性化合物としては、クマリン系色素、ピラン系色素、シアニン系色素、クロコニウム系色素、スクアリウム系色素、オキソベンツアントラセン系色素、フルオレセイン系色素、ローダミン系色素、ピリリウム系色素、ペリレン系色素、スチルベン系色素、ポリチオフェン系色素、又は希土類錯体系蛍光体等が挙げられる。
注入層とは、駆動電圧低下や発光輝度向上のために、電極と発光層との間に設けられる層のことで、「有機EL素子とその工業化最前線(1998年11月30日エヌ・ティー・エス社発行)」の第2編第2章「電極材料」(123~166頁)に詳細に記載されており、正孔注入層と電子注入層とがある。
電子注入層はごく薄い膜からなる層であることが望ましく、素材にもよるがその層厚は1nm~10μmの範囲内であることが好ましい。
正孔輸送層は、正孔を輸送する機能を有する正孔輸送材料からなり、広い意味で正孔注入層、電子阻止層も正孔輸送層に含まれる。正孔輸送層は、単層又は複数層設けることができる。また、正孔輸送層は、1種又は2種以上の材料からなる一層構造であってもよい。正孔輸送層の層厚については特に制限はないが、通常は5nm~5μm程度、好ましくは5~200nmの範囲内である。
電子輸送層は、電子を輸送する機能を有する材料からなり、広い意味で電子注入層、正孔阻止層(図示略)も電子輸送層に含まれる。電子輸送層は、単層構造又は複数層の積層構造として設けることができる。また、電子輸送層は、1種又は2種以上の材料からなる1層構造であってもよい。電子輸送層の層厚については特に制限はないが、通常は5nm~5μm程度、好ましくは5~200nmの範囲内である。
阻止層は、上記のように、有機化合物薄膜の基本構成層の他に、必要に応じて設けられるものである。例えば、特開平11-204258号公報、同11-204359号公報及び「有機EL素子とその工業化最前線(1998年11月30日エヌ・ティー・エス社発行)」の237頁等に記載されている正孔阻止(ホールブロック)層がある。
次に、フィールドシーケンシャル方式の表示装置の第2実施形態について説明する。第2実施形態は、バックライトの有機EL素子の構成のみが上述の第1実施形態と異なる。このため、以下の説明では、有機EL素子の構成のみを説明し、表示パネル等の構成、及び、各構成において重複する説明は省略する。
第1電極302は、透明電極により構成されている。上述の第1実施形態の第1電極と同様に、銀又は銀を主成分とした合金を用いて構成される。銀(Ag)を主成分とする合金としては、例えば、銀マグネシウム(AgMg)、銀銅(AgCu)、銀パラジウム(AgPd)、銀パラジウム銅(AgPdCu)、銀インジウム(AgIn)等が挙げられる。
第1中間電極304、及び、第2中間電極306は、有機EL素子において、第1発光ユニット303、第2発光ユニット305、及び、第3発光ユニット307の間に設けられる。このため、第1中間電極304、及び、第2中間電極306は、層の吸収成分及び反射成分が少なく、光透過率が大きいことが好ましい。
第2電極308は、透明電極である第1電極302、第1中間電極304、及び、第2中間電極306に対して対向電極となる電極膜である。第2電極308は、上述の第1実施形態の第2電極に相当し、第1実施形態の第2電極と同様の構成を適用することができる。例えば、仕事関数の小さい(4eV以下)金属(電子注入性金属と称する)、合金、電気伝導性化合物及びこれらの混合物を電極物質とするものが用いられる。
第1発光ユニット303、第2発光ユニット305、及び、第3発光ユニット307は、それぞれ所定の色を発光する発光層を有する。各発光層は、少なくとも発光性の有機材料を含み、例えば、発光性の有機材料として、青(B)、緑(G)、及び、赤(R)の各色の発光ドーパントを有することにより、第1発光ユニット303、第2発光ユニット305、及び、第3発光ユニット307が、それぞれR、G、Bのいずれかの色を発光する。これは、上述の第1実施形態における、R、G、Bの各色を発光するストライプ状の有機EL領域及び発光ユニットに相当する。このため、第1発光ユニット303、第2発光ユニット305、及び、第3発光ユニット307は、それぞれ上述の第1実施形態の赤、緑又は青の各色に発光する発光ユニットと同様の構成とすることができる。
次に、図4に有機EL素子の等価回路図とタイミングチャートを示す。
第1発光ユニット303、第2発光ユニット305、及び、第3発光ユニット307をそれぞれ挟む1組の電極(図3に示す第1電極302、第1中間電極304、第2中間電極306、及び、第2電極308)が並列に接続されている。ここでは一例として、第1発光ユニット303が赤(R)、第2発光ユニット305が青(B)、第3発光ユニット307が緑(G)を発光する場合について説明する。
発光ユニットがR、G、Bの各色を順次時分割して、例えば1フレームを3等分(1/3フレーム)して各色を発光する。そして、この時分割して発光した光を、表示パネルが三原色毎に同期させて遮光することにより、時分割された各色のフィールド画像(Rフィールド、Gフィールド、Bフィールド)が順次形成される。
そして、時分割された各色のフィールド画像の時間的な混色により、一つのフレーム画像が形成される。
特に、各発光ユニットの寿命に応じて、各R、G、Bの発光期間を調整することで、バックライトの長寿命化を実現することができる。その際、相対的に経時劣化が大きい(寿命が短い)発光ユニットの発光期間を、他の発光ユニットよりも長くすることが好ましい。例えば、最も寿命の短い発光ユニットの発光期間の比率を、最も長くすることが好ましい。これにより、経時劣化によるバックライトの輝度の低下や、色度の変化を抑制することができ、表示装置の信頼性が向上する。
上述の第1実施形態及び第2実施形態のフィールドシーケンシャル方式の表示装置においては、バックライトとなる有機EL素子の透明電極として、銀又は銀を主成分とした合金が適用される。このため、有機EL素子の透明電極として、光透過性が高く、導電性の高い電極を形成することができる。即ち、電極の導電性が高まることにより、有機EL素子の各色R、G、Bの各色を発光する発光ユニットを駆動する際のVr、Vg、Vbの駆動パルスに対する応答性が高まる。この結果、表示装置においてバックライトに要求される、少なくとも約1/180秒以下の時分割駆動においても、有機EL素子において安定した高速駆動が可能となる。従って、フィールドシーケンシャル方式の表示装置の駆動に必要とされる、高速駆動に対応することが可能な有機EL素子を構成することができる。そして、フィールドシーケンシャル方式において表示装置の安定した駆動が可能となる。
Claims (7)
- バックライトと、フィールドシーケンシャル方式の表示パネルと、を備える表示装置であって、
前記バックライトの発光部が、異なる色を発光する複数の発光ユニットを備える有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子であり、
前記有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子の少なくとも1つの電極が、Ag又はAgを主成分として含む合金からなる
表示装置。 - 前記有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子は、異なる色を発光する発光ユニットが積層された構成を有する請求項1に記載の表示装置。
- 前記発光部において、異なる色を発光する前記有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子が、発光面方向に並べられた構成を有する請求項1に記載の表示装置。
- 最も前記表示パネル側に形成される前記電極がAg又はAgを主成分として含む合金からなる請求項1に記載の表示装置。
- Ag又はAgを主成分として含む合金からなる前記電極が、窒素原子を含む化合物からなる下地層上に形成されている請求項1に記載の表示装置。
- 前記発光ユニットが積層された前記有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子において、積層された前記発光ユニットの間に形成される中間電極が、Ag又はAgを主成分として含む合金からなる請求項2に記載の表示装置。
- 異なる色を発光する複数の前記発光ユニットにおいて、第1発光ユニットの発光期間の比率が、他の色を発光する第2発光ユニットの発光期間の比率と異なる請求項1に記載の表示装置。
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US11596034B2 (en) | 2018-05-30 | 2023-02-28 | Pioneer Corporation | Light-emitting module |
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