WO2016052683A1 - 着座補助具 - Google Patents
着座補助具 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016052683A1 WO2016052683A1 PCT/JP2015/077884 JP2015077884W WO2016052683A1 WO 2016052683 A1 WO2016052683 A1 WO 2016052683A1 JP 2015077884 W JP2015077884 W JP 2015077884W WO 2016052683 A1 WO2016052683 A1 WO 2016052683A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- seating
- seat surface
- chair
- seat
- posture
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
- A47C—CHAIRS; SOFAS; BEDS
- A47C7/00—Parts, details, or accessories of chairs or stools
- A47C7/36—Support for the head or the back
- A47C7/40—Support for the head or the back for the back
- A47C7/42—Support for the head or the back for the back of detachable or loose type
- A47C7/425—Supplementary back-rests to be positioned on a back-rest or the like
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a sitting aid for a chair or a wheelchair, etc., and can satisfactorily reduce the physical load at the time of sitting for both a healthy person and a handicapped person and can keep the sitting posture for a long period of time. It relates to the improvement of auxiliary equipment.
- the appropriate seating posture according to the present invention as a premise is described below.
- the human trunk and lower limbs are connected via a pelvis, and the upper part of the pelvis is connected to the fifth lumbar vertebra by the sacral base and the lower part is connected to the femoral head by a joint with the acetabulum.
- the bones that make up the pelvis are the sacrum, the tailbone, and the left and right hipbones.
- the hipbone consists of three parts: the iliac bone, the pubic bone, and the ischial bone.
- the pelvis is in a vertically stable shape with the ischia positioned at the lowest side.
- the beautiful posture (side) The posture in which the spinal column is drawn in a double S shape as viewed from above.
- a low-resilience urethane resin may be used to devise the cushion on the seating surface so as to be suitable for body pressure dispersion (for example, Patent Document 1, (See paragraph 0024.)
- Cushioning materials that are placed on a chair are known.
- the body pressure is dispersed, it is desirable to simply use a cushion with low resilience, but it will slowly sink according to the unevenness of the seated person's body, but it will only follow if it only sinks. It is not enough to hold the posture.
- the load that is locally applied in the submerged state is not reduced, so it eliminates the need for muscle strength to maintain posture and fatigue in the buttocks and hips when sitting for a long time. Was not enough.
- the present inventor further considers the balance between the skeleton and muscle tension in terms of ergonomic differences in posture between standing and sitting, and the back is rounded when relaxed during sitting as follows. We find that it is natural.
- FIG. 12 (a) when a person is in an upright posture, as shown in FIG. 12 (a), two muscles, the “abdominal muscle group” 27 on the lower abdomen side and the “gluteal muscle group” 28 on the buttocks side, are shown. Acts as an antagonistic muscle, so that the pelvis 22 is firmly and stably held in the “standing position” in which the sciatica is located directly below by the tension pulling each other across an unstable joint called the hip joint. That is, when standing upright, the balance is established by the tension of the front and rear antagonist muscles, so that the posture can be easily maintained without using much muscle strength.
- the “abdominal abdominal muscle group” 27 is a muscle attachment portion.
- the position of the lumbar vertebra and the femur are close, and the stretched muscles are loosened, so the tension is weakened.
- the “gluteal muscle group” 28 on the buttock side is extended from the pelvis 22 to the femur centering on the hip joint, so that the tension is strong.
- the sciatic bone is positioned downward in the standing position.
- the pelvis 22 that is in the “tilt” is tilted so as to push the ischia forward, and the “tilted position” is obtained. That is, the muscle tension in the standing posture in which the pelvis is stabilized in the vertical position acts as the muscle tension that tilts the pelvis around the hip joint in the sitting posture.
- the pelvis tilts naturally and the back becomes round accordingly. From the above, the sitting posture should not be ideal when it is close to the upright posture. Rather, as shown in FIG. It is easier to take the direction 17 of the “tilted position”. If you can sit comfortably in a posture with a rounded and curved back, there is no extra power, and it is natural and easy so you won't get tired even if you sit for a long time.
- the inventors of the present application have invented various chairs that support the back surface along the curvature of the back muscles (see, for example, Patent Document 3). If such a chair can be provided, it will be easy to maintain the posture and will not require muscle strength.However, in order to induce the natural sitting posture, the position and shape of the chair that will be the optimal sitting posture for each individual will be concretely specified. Must be sought, and it was not always easy to obtain the applicable one immediately for each person to use. Moreover, a chair as devised by the inventor of the present application must be obtained from the beginning, and cannot be used when a currently used seating tool such as a commercially available wheelchair is used.
- a metal plate with a corset attached from the waist to the abdomen is folded and hooked on the backrest as a hook, and a cushion that supports the seater is provided near the back of the knee to reduce back pain.
- an auxiliary tool for example, refer to Patent Document 4
- the waist and abdomen around which the corset is wound are restrained together, and the spine extends in an S shape for the purpose of preventing and reducing back pain. .
- it is a special chair in which the space directly below the buttocks is a hollow, it is not an auxiliary tool but is substantially the same structure as a dedicated chair.
- the above wheelchair aid uses a cushion with a raised knee and recessed hips, and prevents the user from sliding forward by raising the knee, and the back side Is trying to support the gap that occurs in the back by adjusting the angle on the back side.
- the auxiliary tool itself has a frame that is curved to the side, and it has a double structure like a rooftop on the wheelchair seating frame. Its own load is also increasing, making it heavy and complex.
- the frame has a pre-curved angle and the tilting portion that is the pelvic support is configured to change the angle by moving the lower base back and forth, the tilting angle and the front and back are The movement of sliding is linked, and there is no room to separate the two and adjust the angle and front and back position individually. Therefore, even if the gap between the back of the chair and the waist is filled, it does not always fit, and the effect is limited.
- the entire assisting device is prevented from moving forward by locking and fixing to the rear end of the seat with a locking device, so that the seating surface of the assisting device is free from the chair or wheelchair seating surface.
- the present invention which is not directly fixed, has a different degree of freedom and is not necessarily sufficient in terms of ease of adaptation to the posture of the seated person. This is because the seated person cannot easily correct the posture during use. Furthermore, even if the angle of the arc-curved frame is variable, it is not necessarily sufficient to provide a sufficient fit and support for the pelvis if the body shape is different.
- the inventor of the present application has developed a PCT / The inventors have invented a new sitting aid described in JP2014 / 69480.
- This is a seating aid that is used by placing the seat surface portion of the exterior body on a chair or wheelchair having a dorsumum portion, and the cushion gradually moves from the rear of the seat surface portion toward the center of the seat surface portion.
- the exterior body is provided with an inclined surface whose upper surface is gradually increased from the rear to the center of the seat surface, and the exterior body has a rear surface above the back of the chair or wheelchair.
- It is a seating assistance tool characterized by supporting a back surface and a seating surface of a seated person by being suspended from.
- the body pressure is distributed evenly by supporting the back side as a whole, in the vicinity of the sciatica. Distributing such a load and making it difficult to concentrate locally provides a seating aid that allows the wearer to sit comfortably for a long time in a relaxed posture. Moreover, since it is a seating aid having a simple structure that can be placed on a seating tool having various back surfaces such as a chair (for example, a front seat of an automobile) or a wheelchair, it is easy to apply to various chairs. A seating aid.
- one of the problems to be solved by the present invention is to provide a sitting aid suitable for both healthy and disabled persons that can be maintained comfortably for a long time while the pelvis is in an inclined position during use.
- the present invention provides a mechanism that makes it easy to take a seating motion deeply.
- Easier to sit in the appropriate position makes it easier to take a proper posture during use, such as reducing the amount of sit-down even when sitting alone, and the assistant helps the sitting operation. Even if it is a case, if a handicapped person can grasp a seating position and can make load movement appropriate, it will become easy to help that much. Therefore, it is desired to guide it to an appropriate position deeply during the sitting operation.
- Means for solving the problems of the present invention are as follows.
- a chair or a wheelchair having a dorsum back provided with an exterior body composed of a back surface portion and a seat surface portion and a cushion on the seat surface portion is seated on the exterior body.
- a seating aid that is used by placing a surface portion, wherein the cushion gradually increases in thickness from the rear of the seat surface portion toward the center of the seat surface portion. It has an inclined surface that gradually increases from the rear to the center of the seat surface, and the exterior body supports the back of the seated person and the seat by suspending the back of the exterior from above the back of the chair or wheelchair.
- the seating aid of the present invention is supported so that it can be suspended from above the back when it is used while seated. Although it does not make an active contribution, when not seated, the elastic strap on the bottom of the seating surface contracts, causing the seating aid to float up from the seating surface and back of the chair or wheelchair, and the seating surface to tilt forward It will be pushed out in an inclined manner. Then, since it becomes easy for the seated person to sit deeply with the buttocks in contact with the seating aid, it is easy to get a chance to sit deeply in an appropriate position.
- a second means for solving the problems of the present invention is that the elastic string body is composed of a pair of left and right, and each elastic string body has one end thereof at the rear end of the seating surface bottom side.
- the seating assisting device according to the first means characterized in that each is fixed and the other end can be locked to a leg portion in front of the seat surface of the chair.
- a third means for solving the problems of the present invention is provided with a seat surface pulling tool that exposes a non-stretchable string body from the front of the seat surface portion and serves as a handle. It is a seating assistance tool as described in 2 means.
- This seat surface extractor can easily move the seat surface forward by pulling out the handle after sitting. As a result, gaps on the back surface and waist side are reduced, and it becomes easy to form and hold an appropriate posture during use.
- a belt-like side support that protrudes from the seating person contact surface of the back surface portion is provided, and one end thereof is provided on a leg portion in front of the seat surface of the chair.
- the seating assisting device according to any one of the first to third means, wherein the seating assisting device can be detachably locked with the detachable device.
- the belt-like side support that protrudes from the seating person contact surface of the back portion protrudes from a position closer to the center than the left and right ends of the back portion.
- the attaching / detaching device for locking one end of the side support is provided in front of the seat surface of the chair.
- the seat according to the fifth aspect characterized in that a detachable device provided on the right leg side of the side and provided on the left leg side in front of the seat surface of the chair is provided with an attachment / detachment device for locking the right side support. It is an auxiliary tool.
- This side part support protrudes from a place close to the center, not the left and right ends of the back part, and is detachably locked to the front leg on the opposite side while winding one side of the trunk, so both the left and right sides
- the side support body is rubbed so as to cross in front of the trunk. It is suitable for holding the posture of a handicapped person who is inclined to the left or right, but if it is inclined to one of the two when it is used, it is only necessary to support the side of the flank. It is not necessary to use both side supports simultaneously.
- a plastic buckle or the like is suitable as the attachment / detachment tool.
- the leg part in front of the seating surface of the chair, which is the mounting position is a standing pillar in front of the four leg parts, and the pillar that extends to a position higher than the seating surface for the elbow rest is also here Included in the leg.
- the sitting aid of the present invention When the sitting aid of the present invention is installed in a chair or wheelchair, a healthy person or a handicapped person can easily take an easy relaxed posture in which the pelvis is tilted to push the sciatica forward, The sitting posture can be maintained for a long time. And since the exterior body abuts so as to wrap from the back of the seat to the back of the seat from the back of the seated person to the waist, the load of the seated person can be widely dispersed, and it can be avoided that the load concentrates locally. Even if you sit for a long time, it will be less fatigued.
- the sciatic bone tilted by the inclined surface of the upper surface of the seating surface of the seating aid of the present invention is received from the bottom.
- the cushion on the seating surface can be supported in contact with the sciatic bone (the direction of the sciatic bottom) with the inclined surface inclined, so that it remains in an easy-to-go posture.
- the load can be supported appropriately and sufficiently from below the sciatica.
- the stretchable material supports the back side so as to wrap, the load does not concentrate on one point of the cushion material received under the sciatic bone, and the body pressure is appropriately dispersed.
- the function is fully fulfilled by supporting the sciatic portion on the inclined surface of the seat surface, it is not necessary to extend the seat surface long under the knee, and it can be made compact.
- the elastic elastic body fixed (for example, sewn) to the rear end of the seating surface bottom surface side of the seating aid of the present invention is fastened at the other end to the front leg of the chair or wheelchair.
- the standby state in which the seating surface inclined obliquely when viewed from the side between the upper suspension part and the fastening part of the front leg part.
- the seating surface is pushed forward diagonally, so that the buttocks of the person trying to sit in contact with the seating surface early, so it is easy to grasp the trigger for starting the load, and the Since it can be located deep in the seating surface from the beginning, it becomes easy to sit at a more appropriate position from the beginning, and the operation of re-sitting can be avoided / reduced.
- the side support of the present invention when used, the belt-like side support that protrudes from the central portion of the back surface supports one side of the upper body, so that the body tilted to the left and right can be appropriately raised. it can.
- the left and right side supporters are crossed and locked so as to be hooked on the attachment / detachment device provided on the front legs, thereby supporting the torso from the left and right Therefore, it is easy to maintain a posture that allows the upper body to rest comfortably backwards. Therefore, it is possible to alleviate the distress of the handicapped person because they can not hold down forward and can maintain a comfortable posture after sitting for a long time.
- the seating assistance tool of this invention was installed in the wheelchair, the elastic string body was fastened to the front leg part, and it was set as the standby state before seating.
- the seating aid of the present invention is set in a wheelchair and (i) a healthy person, (ii) an elderly person 1, and (iii) a situation in which load is applied to five locations around the sciatica when seated It is the measurement figure compared with the case where it did and the case of non-use.
- the seating assisting tool 1 of the present invention is such that the seated posture of the seated person 21 is not the position where the sciatic bone 23 is straight down as when the pelvis 22 is upright, but the sciatic bone 23 is inclined. It can be used in a relaxed posture in which the pelvis 22 is seated in a slightly inclined posture.
- the sciatic bone 23 is placed on the inclined surface 9 (inclination angle of about 20 degrees) of the seating surface portion that becomes higher from the back of the seating surface toward the center so as to face the inclination of the sciatic bone 23 (direction 17 of the sciatic bottom). Since the seat back 21 is firmly supported by the entire back surface portion 3 and the seat surface portion 4 of the seating aid 1 according to the present invention, the body of the seated person 21 can be held comfortably and comfortably. The body pressure can be dispersed to sit for a long time.
- the means of the present invention can be embodied in the configurations of the following embodiments.
- FIG. 1 and 2 and 4 show a seating assisting tool 1 according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a variation of arrangement
- FIG. 1 is an upper plane side of the exterior body, for example, the back surface portion length is 360 mm and the seat surface portion length is 380 mm, and the back surface portion 3 and the seat surface portion 4 are an integral exterior body.
- a 400 mm rectangular outer material is formed of a polyester knitted fabric material having a three-dimensional stitch structure of a warp knitted double russell excellent in stretchability, body pressure dispersibility, and air permeability.
- FIG. 2 shows the back surface side, and the back surface of the back surface is a double russell excellent in stretchability and air permeability.
- the bottom surface 5 of the seat surface portion 4 is suitable for engaging the anti-slip function and the hook surface of the hook-and-loop fastener.
- the knit material of the B side densely raised in the shape of a loop which has the new function is used.
- the front and back surfaces of the exterior body are obtained by sewing the side surfaces to obtain an integral exterior body 2.
- the cushion 7 which provided the inclined surface 9 in the seat surface is inserted in the internal space 6 of the seat surface part 4 of the exterior body 2.
- a cushioning material may be placed on the back surface portion 3 of the exterior body 2, but it is not necessary to place a cushion, and when the cushion is not placed, the double raschel fabrics on the front and back surfaces of the exterior body 2 are further sewn together. And may be integrated.
- the string 12 of the locking body 11 that can be locked to the upper back of the chair 24 or the wheelchair 25 or in the vicinity of the hand handle 26 of the wheelchair 25 is sewn to the upper left and right upper ends of the back surface 3 of the exterior body 2.
- the string 12 of the locking body 11 uses a 12 mm wide polypropylene ribbon.
- a number of metal eyelet rings are connected in series and inserted into pins provided in the vicinity of the handle to adjust the suspension position.
- the string 12 of the latching body 11 shall be sewn on the right and left upper ends of the back surface of the back surface portion 3 of the exterior body 2.
- the locking body 11 may be sewn so as to be sandwiched between the front surface and the back surface of the back surface portion 3 of the exterior body 2, and a canvas or the like may be further sandwiched in the interlining.
- the string 12 of the latching body 11 should just be the material which has the intensity
- the locking metal fitting 13 may not be a metal fitting with a protruding pin, but may be one whose length can be adjusted, such as Koki or a beautiful tablet, or plastic resin.
- the reinforcing member 14 may be sewn.
- the reinforcing member 14 on the back surface of the back surface portion 3 reinforces the exterior body 2 by arranging, for example, a polypropylene string having a width of about 25 mm in the vertical direction above and below the sewing portion of the locking body 11.
- a Y-shaped reinforcing member 20 is arranged from the left and right reinforcing members 14 toward the center on the back side of the lower center of the back surface 3 where the waist of the seated person 21 comes into contact, so that the reinforcing effect is further increased. It may be.
- the portion where the Y-shaped V merges corresponds to the position where the sacrum, tailbone and pelvis come into contact with each other, and a Y-shaped reinforcing member belt (not shown) is sewn into this portion. The skeleton can be caught firmly without falling too far backward.
- the exterior body 2 supported via the latching body 11 expands and contracts by the load of the seated person in combination with these reinforcements, but stays at an appropriate expansion and contraction, and gently curves to fit the seated person's curve. In this way, it can be supported. Furthermore, since the Y-shaped reinforcing member supports the vicinity of the pelvis from behind, the seated person can escape the spine and standing muscles above the pelvis slightly so as to shift slightly backward, but the exterior body Therefore, it becomes easier to maintain the wearer's upper ribcage, neck, and head in a position perpendicular to gravity. Therefore, the positional relationship of the skeleton with respect to gravity is easy to arrange, and it becomes easy to maintain a comfortable posture for a long time with a minimum load. Also, since the reinforcing member makes it difficult to twist or shake, the stress will not be concentrated on a part of the back surface, so that the outer casing itself will not be easily damaged and durability will be obtained. Become.
- a cushioning material provided with an inclination in which the front becomes higher from the backside of the seating surface toward the center of the seating surface so as to be able to face the inclined ischia is placed inside. It has become. Therefore, a space suitable for the shape of the cushion material is provided so that the upper surface on the seating surface side of the exterior body increases from the rear of the seating surface toward the center of the seating surface.
- Fig. 5 shows the cushion 7.
- the cushion 7 has an inclined surface 9 that is inclined so as to increase from the rear of the seat surface toward the center of the seat surface.
- a slope that gently falls from the center of the seat surface of the cushion 7 toward the front of the seat surface is provided, but the front of the seat surface from the center of the seat surface may be nearly horizontal.
- the inclined surface 9 allows the buttocks of the seated person 21 to be placed around the sciatic bone 23, so that the seated person 21 maintains an easy posture while maintaining a relaxed seating posture such as a stiff posture.
- the body since the body does not collapse forward, the body can be held by sitting on the chair 24 or the wheelchair 25 in the relaxed posture.
- the cushion 7 has a structure in which a low resilience elastic foam 8 and a core material 10 are formed into a plurality of layers.
- the cushion 7 is provided with a low resilience elastic foam 8 in an upper portion close to a position where it is in contact with the seated person 21 to improve body pressure dispersion, and the periphery of the sciatic bone 23 is firmly supported by the inclined surface 9.
- the core material 10 is combined with a polyethylene foam which is hard and has shape retention.
- the cushion 7 has a width of 400 mm and a total length of 350 mm, and a three-layer structure of a surface urethane film, a low-rebound resilience foam (urethane) having a thickness of 20 mm, and a polyethylene foam that forms a chevron core material is bonded with an adhesive.
- the core material 10 has a width of 400 mm and a length of 250 mm, and a height of a central mountain having a length of 125 mm is set to about 50 mm, and the inclined surface 9 supporting the ischia has an inclination angle of about 21 degrees.
- the polyethylene foam of the core material 10 has, for example, a density of 20 to 40 kg / m 3 and a hardness of about 100 to 130N.
- the low rebound resilience foam 8 is formed by bonding a polyurethane foam having a thickness of 20 mm along the inclination of the upper plane of the core material 10.
- the low resilience foam has, for example, a density of 40 to 80 kg / m 3 , a hardness of about 25 to 50 N, and a resilience of 10 or less.
- a urethane film having high durability and smoothness may be stuck on the low resilience foam 8 for protecting the surface layer. Thereby, it is avoided that the cloth on the inner surface of the double raschel of the exterior material and the low resilience foam are in direct contact with each other and are damaged.
- the seat surface pulling tool 34 is obtained by sewing a non-expandable polypropylene string, which is arranged from the rear to the front, in the center of the bottom surface of the seat surface, and is sewn to the exterior body 2. It protrudes forward and is folded to form a handle 35 as a loop.
- the width of the string is, for example, 25 mm.
- the loop handle 35 may be folded back by about 60 mm so that a finger enters the loop.
- the seat holder When the seat holder is pulled with a handle after sitting, the seat surface of the seat holder 1 is pulled forward, and the seat holder is in close contact with the back, buttocks, and waist of the seated person, so that a desired posture is appropriately formed. It becomes easy.
- the elastic cord body 36 is made of a stretchable elastic rubber cord or the like, and is made of a tension that is so gentle that the seated person can stretch without resisting the load.
- two elastic strings 36 one on the left and one on the rear end on the bottom side of the seating portion, are sewn to the exterior body 2 at a distance from the center of the bottom rear end.
- the length of the elastic string 36 is, for example, 230 mm, and the tip of the elastic string 36 is attached with a thin string divided into two forks so that it can be tied to the front or front leg column of the seat surface.
- the fastening portion 37 is used.
- the seating assisting tool of the present invention holds the string 12 of the locking body 11 above the backrest by the locking metal fitting 13 and suspends it.
- the elastic cord body 36 is weaker in tension than holding a load. Therefore, the elastic cord body 36 is in an extended state when seated and used, and the elastic string body 36 is contracted and fastened when standing up.
- the exterior body 2 of the seating holder 1 is suspended obliquely between the portion 37 and the upper portion of the suspended backrest.
- FIG. 7 shows a state of sitting
- FIG. 8 shows a state of the sitting holder 1 when standing up. In FIG. 8, the elastic cord body 36 is contracted, whereby the seat surface portion 4 is pulled forward obliquely, and is in a sitting standby state.
- a non-stretchable strap is provided from the rear rear surface of the seat surface toward the base of the back of the chair, and the seat surface portion 4 does not jump out vigorously due to the contraction of the elastic string body 36. You may take a role to hold back. This reservation string only regulates the return amount in the standby state.
- FIGS. 13, 14 (a) and 14 (b) show a seating aid 1 suitable for a front seat 30 for an automobile or the like.
- the exterior body 2 has a double russell mesh surface in consideration of air permeability on the back surface 3 and the seat surface portion 4, and the back surface is a knitted fabric.
- Each of the back surface portion 3 and the seat surface portion 4 is a trapezoid having a length of 40 cm and a lateral width of 50 cm for the seat surface, and the back surface portion 3 is 38 cm closer to the seat surface portion 4 and a width of 20 cm on the upper end side.
- the exterior body 2 contains a fabric such as a canvas used for a tent as a core material 10, and two flat fasteners (male) are vertically arranged on the back surface of the seat surface portion 4 and stitched.
- the cushion 7 is made of a low resilience elastic foam 8 and has a triangular cross section when viewed from the side.
- the cushion 7 is detachably attached by a flat fastener (female) on the cushion upper surface provided at a position facing the flat fastener below the seat surface portion. Further, since the inclined surface 9 of the seat surface portion 4 of the exterior body 2 is formed by the triangular inclination of the cushion 7, the angle is adjusted by replacing the cushion 7 with a gentle inclination.
- the cord body 12 provided at the upper left and right ends of the back surface of the seating surface assisting tool 1 is turned to the headrest and is made of a resin that becomes a locking portion.
- the fastener (locking body) 11 is locked while adjusting the length thereof, and the seating surface auxiliary tool 1 is used by being suspended from the back portion 32.
- the handle 35 (hook 33) is a string made of polypropylene, for example, and is stitched straight so as to cross the center of the back surface of the seating surface, so that the entire seating surface can be pulled forward.
- This car seat also sits deeply when an elastic cord is placed on the back of the seating surface, the tip of the elastic cord is fastened to the back of the seat, etc., and the seating surface rises diagonally. It becomes easy to take. Further, by pulling out the handle 35 at the front center of the seating surface after sitting, the gap on the back side is eliminated, the adhesiveness is further increased, and the posture maintaining effect of the present invention can be more fully pulled out.
- FIG. 15 shows the seating surface assisting tool 1 provided with the side support 38 for the handicapped person.
- a disabled person has a case where the body is always tilted, and it may be difficult to sit in a wheelchair for a long time. In such a case, since the comfortable posture desired by the present invention cannot be obtained in the first place, the holding stage may not be reached. So, if you hold the sloping body from the side and support the belt-like belt on the side support so that it wraps around one half of the torso, you can return your body to a straight position, It can be formed and can sit without getting tired for a long time.
- each band of the side support bodies 38 are projected sideways above the left and right rear surfaces, and each band is inserted and fixed to a buckle attachment / detachment device 39 provided on a leg column in front of the wheelchair. If each band is made of a double raschel-like material with excellent body pressure dispersion at the part that supports the body and is received as a surface with a slightly wider band, it will be less likely to cause pain to the seated person.
- the portion close to the detachable device 39 is preferably a light and upper polypropylene strap.
- a pair of left and right side support members are provided, but one support member may be provided in the center and wrapped around the wearer from either the left or right side and fixed to the attachment / detachment device.
- the side supporter does not protrude from both ends of the backrest, but instead of protruding from the center, it wraps and supports the body so that it wraps around the side, so that the body is firmly supported without blurring The If it protrudes from both ends of the backrest, it will try to support from the outside that is larger than the width of the body, so the restraining force is inevitably weak and it cannot be said to be enough to draw the body to the center.
- the left and right side supports are crossed by the opposite leg attachment / detachment device, the amount of entrainment is large and the support force is strong.
- the left and right side support members 38 of the present invention can be firmly held in the center and the body can be put back.
- the seating aid of Example 3 was applied to an elderly person (female) who was seated while leaning forward for 3 hours, the body and head were lifted and the front could be viewed directly. In addition to being able to sit comfortably for a long time, the body's tension was released and the movement of the upper limbs was recognized.
- the seating surface aid 1 of the present invention is installed in the chair 24 or the wheelchair 25 as follows.
- the locking bodies 11 extending obliquely from the upper part of the exterior body 1 are respectively fixed to the steel pipes in front of the gripping portions of the left and right hand push handles 26 at the upper back of the wheelchair 25.
- the length of the locking body 11 can be appropriately adjusted by the locking metal fitting 13.
- the string 12 of the locking body 11 is so far that there is no gap between the back surface of the seated person 21 and the upper surface of the back surface 3 of the exterior body 1 of the seating surface assisting tool 1 with the seated person 21 seated.
- the length is adjusted to be short and fastened with the locking metal fitting 13.
- Adjustment of the length of the string 12 of the locking body 11 with the locking metal 13 is sufficient if it is adjusted once according to each user, and thereafter a similar feeling of support is obtained each time the user sits.
- the wheelchair 25 is being rehabilitated so that the condition of the seated person 21 changes day by day, it is easy to adjust the length with the locking bracket 13 to enhance the feeling of adhesion.
- the posture of the seated person 21 is not the orientation of the pelvis 22 with the sciatic bone 23 facing down as in the case of standing upright, but sits in a relaxed and seated state so that the back is slightly rounded. That is, as shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, the pelvis 22 tilts the sciatic bone 23 obliquely forward, so that the hip 23 is inclined so that it faces the inclined surface 9 of the seating surface portion 4 of the sitting aid 1. Sit on top of 9. Then, even if the seat surface portion 4 is not fixed, an appropriate friction of the pile on the bottom surface side of the seat surface portion 4 can be obtained by the load of the seated person 21, so that the seat can be used satisfactorily without sliding down from the chair.
- the body is stable without much special support from there to the tip of the foot. It is not necessary to support the sole of the foot all the way to the knee, and it is sufficient if the sole is placed on the ground or a footrest. Therefore, the seating aid does not need to have a particularly long seating surface and can be made compact.
- the exterior body 1 when seated on the seating aid 1 of the present invention, the exterior body 1 also gently curves in the shape of the body from the back of the seated person 21 to the lower back, so to speak, so to speak, it wraps up as a whole. To be held. As a result, the body is not easily tilted to the left and right, and the seated person 21 can naturally sit at the center of the seating assisting tool 1, so that the handicapped person can easily hold the posture stably for a long time without breaking the sitting position. Become.
- a string 16 with a hook-and-loop fastener is provided on the bottom surface of the seat surface so as to surround the seat surface of the chair.
- the protruding surface of the hook-and-loop fastener at the tip of the threaded string 16 may be attached to the pile surface of the bottom surface 5 of the seat surface portion 4 and gently locked.
- the seating surface assisting tool described in the second embodiment is preferably applied to a front seat 30 of an automobile as shown in FIG.
- the string 12 provided at the upper left and right upper ends of the back surface is suspended so that the string 12 straddles the column of the headrest 30 of the front seat for an automobile, and the string 12 is locked by the locking body 11, and the length of the string 12 is adjusted. Then sit down and use.
- the handle 35 (hook 33) may be pulled to adjust the back support condition more closely.
- the cushion below the seat surface is detachable with a flat fastener, depending on the shape of the seat, it can be removed as appropriate, and the cushion slope can be replaced with a more gentle one Can be used.
- Table 1 and FIGS. 10 show the measurement results of three subjects in order.
- the subjects are (i) healthy person, (ii) elderly person 1, and (iii) elderly person 2.
- the elderly in (ii) and (iii) are able to maintain a sitting posture on a wheelchair by themselves, but are rehabilitating with some difficulty in walking due to cerebrovascular disorder paralysis.
- the values at the five measurement points all showed low values, and no bias toward one point was observed. That is, in the case of the product of the present invention, the body pressure around the seat bone of the seated person is evenly distributed, and further, the dispersed pressure is compared with the case of not using it even when the values at five locations are integrated. Since the value is small, it is suggested that the body pressure is more widely dispersed. In this way, in the case of elderly people who are difficult to maintain their body posture, when not in use, the posture was blurred from side to side or biased back and forth. No local concentration was observed, and it was confirmed that the load was moderately dispersed.
- FIG. 11 shows measurement results when seated on a wheelchair manufactured by Panthera, Sweden.
- Panthera wheelchairs are known as high performance wheelchairs that are relatively comfortable and comfortable.
- the measurement of the comparative example was carried out under the guidance of Assistant Professor Tadahiko Kamagaya of Department of Occupational Therapy, Department of Occupational Therapy, Gunma University School of Health Sciences, and each pressure is displayed in shades from black to white . Black is the part with the lowest pressure, and white indicates the part with the highest pressure.
- FIG. I the seat side.
- a white spot showing extremely high pressure concentration on both the left and right sides was recognized behind the buttocks on the seat surface side of (b). It can be seen that when a person who is extremely handicapped such as a disabled person who regularly uses a wheelchair is used, it is not always preferable to sit on the seat for a long time because the posture cannot be changed.
- the following shows how the seating posture changes depending on the presence or absence of this seating standby state.
- the test subjects were six healthy women. When A had no elastic string, the distance from the back of the knee to the base of the backrest when B had the elastic string was measured. If this distance is large, you are sitting shallow. The measurement results are shown in Table 2 below.
Landscapes
- Mattresses And Other Support Structures For Chairs And Beds (AREA)
- Chair Legs, Seat Parts, And Backrests (AREA)
Abstract
Description
しかしながら、体圧を分散させるといっても、単に低反発なクッションを用いただけでは、着座者の身体の凹凸に合わせてゆっくり沈み込むものの、沈み込むだけであれば追従するのみであるから、望ましい姿勢を保持するというには十分とはいえない。また沈み込んでしまった状態での局所的にかかる荷重が軽減されるわけではないので、長時間着座すると姿勢保持に筋力を要したり、臀部や腰部が疲労するようになるといった点の解消には十分ではなかった。
本発明の座面補助具1は、以下のように椅子24又は車椅子25に設置する。たとえば、車椅子25の背面上部の左右の手押しハンドル26の把持部の手前の鋼製パイプに、それぞれ、外装体1の上部から斜めに向けて伸びている係止体11をそれぞれ固定する。係止体11の長さは、係止金具13で適宜調整できる。着座者21を着座させた状態で着座者の背面と、座面補助具1の外装体1の背面部3の上平面とのあいだに隙間が生じない程度まで、係止体11の紐12の長さを短く調整して係止金具13で留める。係止金具13での係止体11の紐12の長さの調整は、各使用者に応じて一度調整すれば十分であり、その後は、着座するたびに同様なサポート感が得られる。もちろん、着座者21のコンディションが日々変動するようなリハビリ中の車椅子25の使用であれば、係止金具13でその都度長さを調整して密着感を高めることが容易にできる。
本発明品を車椅子に設置した場合としない場合について、着座者の体圧分散の様子を測定して評価した。測定には株式会社ケープ社製の携帯型接触圧力測定器「パームQ CR-490」を用いることとし、センサーパットを座骨の当接するあたりに設置して、座骨周辺のa座骨中央、b座骨左側、c前、d座骨右側、e後ろ、の5点にかかる圧力をそれぞれ測定した。
図8に示すように、弾性紐体36の先端の紐は車椅子の前脚支柱に締結部37の位置で締結されているので、紐12との間で吊りさがった状態となり、座っていない着座待機状態では、座面部4を斜め前方に押し出すことになる。
2 外装体
3 背面部
4 座面部
5 底面
6 内部空間
7 クッション
8 低反発弾性フォーム
9 傾斜面
10 芯材
11 係止体
12 紐
13 係止金具
14 補強部材
15 金属枠体
16 面ファスナーのついた紐
17 坐骨底面の向き
18 ウレタンフィルム
19 ネオプレン
20 Y字補強部材
21 着座者
22 骨盤
23 坐骨
24 椅子
25 車椅子
26 手押しハンドル
27 腸腰筋群
28 殿筋群
29 ヘッドレスト
30 前席シート
31 折り返し部
32 榻背部(背もたれ)
33 フック
34 座面引出具
35 持ち手
36 弾性紐体
37 締結部
38 脇部支持体
39 着脱器具
Claims (6)
- 背面部と座面部からなる外装体とその座面部にクッションを備えた、榻背部を有する椅子又は車椅子に該外装体の座面部を載置して使用する着座補助具であって、該クッションは、座面部後方から座面部中央方向に向かって徐々にその肉厚を厚くするものであって、その座面の上平面を座面部後方から中央に向かって徐々に高くした傾斜面を備えており、該外装体はその背面部を椅子又は車椅子の榻背部上方から吊り下げられることで着座者の背面と座面を支持するものであって、さらに伸縮性の弾性紐体の一端を座面部裏面側後端部に固定して、他端を椅子の座面前方に係止可能としたことを特徴とする、着座補助具。
- 前記の弾性紐体は左右1対からなるものであって、それぞれの弾性紐体は、その一端を座面部底面側の後端部にそれぞれ固定しており、他端を椅子の座面前方の脚部にそれぞれ係止可能としたことを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の着座補助具。
- 非伸縮の紐体を座面部前方より露出させて持ち手とする座面引出具を備えていることを特徴とする、請求項1又は請求項2に記載の着座補助具。
- 前記背面部の着座者当接面から突出する帯状の脇部支持体を設け、その一端を椅子の座面前方の脚部に設けた着脱器具と着脱自在に係止可能としたことを特徴とする、請求項1から請求項3のいずれか1項に記載の着座補助具。
- 前記背面部の着座者当接面から突出する帯状の脇部支持体は、背面部の左右端よりも中央寄りの位置から突出している左右1対の脇部支持体であって、その一端を椅子の座面前方の脚部に設けた着脱器具と着脱自在に係止可能としたことを特徴とする、請求項1から請求項3のいずれか1項に記載の着座補助具。
- 前記の脇部支持体の一端を係止するための着脱器具は、左側の脇部支持体を係止する着脱器具を椅子の座面前方の右脚部側に設け、右側の脇部支持体を係止する着脱器具を椅子の座面前方の左脚部側に設けていることを特徴とする、請求項5に記載の着座補助具。
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Cited By (1)
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JP7354462B2 (ja) | 2020-07-23 | 2023-10-02 | ミジョ キム | 身体の正しい姿勢及び脊椎疾患予防のための姿勢矯正補助装置 |
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JPH01178149U (ja) * | 1988-06-07 | 1989-12-20 |
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- 2015-09-30 WO PCT/JP2015/077884 patent/WO2016052683A1/ja active Application Filing
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JPS491989U (ja) * | 1972-04-07 | 1974-01-09 | ||
US4118066A (en) * | 1977-02-14 | 1978-10-03 | Hex Fastener Corporation | Apparatus for shading the seats of a vehicle |
WO1992003953A1 (en) * | 1990-09-08 | 1992-03-19 | John Cameron Little | A protective seat cover |
JPH04104952U (ja) * | 1991-02-19 | 1992-09-09 | 加藤 富美子 | 椅子用補助用具 |
US5297848A (en) * | 1992-07-13 | 1994-03-29 | Grinnell Sandra H | Portable, orthopedically correct, adjustable seating cushion |
JPH11216041A (ja) * | 1998-02-04 | 1999-08-10 | Ace Five:Kk | 座椅子用補助クッション |
JPH11309047A (ja) * | 1998-04-30 | 1999-11-09 | Imamura:Kk | 椅子用マット |
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WO2013061552A1 (ja) * | 2011-10-23 | 2013-05-02 | 碓田 拓磨 | 座具及び椅子 |
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JP7354462B2 (ja) | 2020-07-23 | 2023-10-02 | ミジョ キム | 身体の正しい姿勢及び脊椎疾患予防のための姿勢矯正補助装置 |
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