WO2016048093A1 - 비수성 전해액 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차 전지 - Google Patents
비수성 전해액 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차 전지 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016048093A1 WO2016048093A1 PCT/KR2015/010214 KR2015010214W WO2016048093A1 WO 2016048093 A1 WO2016048093 A1 WO 2016048093A1 KR 2015010214 W KR2015010214 W KR 2015010214W WO 2016048093 A1 WO2016048093 A1 WO 2016048093A1
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- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
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- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
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- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
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- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
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- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
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- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/621—Binders
- H01M4/622—Binders being polymers
- H01M4/623—Binders being polymers fluorinated polymers
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/624—Electric conductive fillers
- H01M4/625—Carbon or graphite
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- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
- H01M4/66—Selection of materials
- H01M4/661—Metal or alloys, e.g. alloy coatings
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- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/028—Positive electrodes
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- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0025—Organic electrolyte
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0025—Organic electrolyte
- H01M2300/0028—Organic electrolyte characterised by the solvent
- H01M2300/0037—Mixture of solvents
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention provides a non-aqueous electrolyte solution containing lithium bis (fluorosulfonyl) imide (LiFSI) and a fluorinated benzene compound compound, and a lithium-nickel-manganese-cobalt oxide as a positive electrode active material. It relates to a lithium secondary battery comprising a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a separator.
- lithium secondary batteries having high energy density and voltage among these secondary batteries are commercially used and widely used.
- Lithium metal oxide is used as a positive electrode active material of a lithium secondary battery, and lithium metal, a lithium alloy, crystalline or amorphous carbon or a carbon composite material is used as a negative electrode active material.
- the active material is applied to a current collector with a suitable thickness and length, or the active material itself is applied in a film shape to form an electrode group by winding or laminating together with a separator, which is an insulator, and then put it in a can or a similar container, and then injecting an electrolyte solution.
- a secondary battery is manufactured.
- lithium secondary battery In such a lithium secondary battery, charging and discharging progress while repeating a process of intercalating and deintercalating lithium ions from a lithium metal oxide of a positive electrode to a graphite electrode of a negative electrode.
- lithium is highly reactive and reacts with the carbon electrode to generate Li 2 CO 3 , LiO, LiOH and the like to form a film on the surface of the negative electrode.
- a film is called a solid electrolyte interface (SEI) film, and the SEI film formed at the beginning of charging prevents the reaction between lithium ions and a carbon anode or other material during charging and discharging. It also acts as an ion tunnel, allowing only lithium ions to pass through.
- the ion tunnel serves to prevent the organic solvents of a large molecular weight electrolyte which solvates lithium ions and move together and are co-intercalated with the carbon anode to decay the structure of the carbon anode.
- a solid SEI film must be formed on the negative electrode of the lithium secondary battery. Once formed, the SEI membrane prevents the reaction between lithium ions and the negative electrode or other materials during repeated charge / discharge cycles, and serves as an ion tunnel that passes only lithium ions between the electrolyte and the negative electrode. Will be performed.
- the problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a non-aqueous electrolyte lithium secondary battery and a lithium secondary battery comprising the same, which can improve the low temperature and room temperature output characteristics, as well as the high temperature storage characteristics and capacity characteristics and stability.
- the present invention provides a non-aqueous electrolyte containing lithium bis (fluorosulfonyl) imide (LiFSI) and a fluorinated benzene compound compound additive, and lithium-nickel-manganese-as a cathode active material. It provides a lithium secondary battery comprising a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a separator comprising a cobalt-based oxide.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte solution may further include a lithium salt, the mixing ratio of the lithium salt and lithium bisfluoro sulfonyl imide is 1: 0.01 to 1: 1 in molar ratio, the lithium bisfluoro sulfonyl imide is
- the concentration of the aqueous electrolyte may be a lithium secondary battery of 0.01 mol / L to 2 mol / L.
- the lithium-nickel-manganese-cobalt-based oxide may include an oxide represented by Formula 1 below.
- a solid SEI film is formed at a negative electrode during initial charging of the lithium secondary battery including the same, and the increase in battery thickness is minimized by suppressing gas generation at a high temperature environment.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte solution according to one embodiment of the present invention includes lithium bisfluorosulfonylimide (LiFSI).
- the lithium bisfluorosulfonylimide is added to the non-aqueous electrolyte as a lithium salt to form a solid, thin SEI film on the negative electrode to improve low temperature output characteristics, as well as to decompose positive electrode surfaces that may occur during high temperature cycle operation. It can suppress and prevent the oxidation reaction of electrolyte solution.
- the SEI film generated on the negative electrode has a small thickness so that the movement of lithium ions in the negative electrode can be more smoothly performed, thereby improving the output of the secondary battery.
- the lithium bisfluorosulfonylimide preferably has a concentration in the non-aqueous electrolyte of 0.01 mol / L to 2 mol / L, more preferably 0.01 mol / L to 1 mol / L. Do.
- the concentration of the lithium bisfluorosulfonylimide is less than 0.1 mol / L, the effect of improving the low temperature output and the high temperature cycle characteristics of the lithium secondary battery is insignificant, and the concentration of the lithium bisfluorosulfonylimide is When the amount exceeds 2 mol / l, side reactions in the electrolyte may be excessively generated during charging and discharging of the battery, and a swelling phenomenon may occur, and corrosion of the positive electrode or the negative electrode current collector made of metal in the electrolyte may occur.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte solution of the present invention may further include a lithium salt.
- the lithium salt may be used a lithium salt commonly used in the art, for example LiPF 6 , LiAsF 6 , LiCF 3 SO 3 , LiBF 6 , LiSbF 6 , LiN (C 2 F 5 SO 2 ) 2 , LiAlO 4 , LiAlCl 4 , LiSO 3 CF 3 and LiClO 4 may be any one selected from the group consisting of or a mixture of two or more thereof.
- the mixing ratio of the lithium salt and lithium bisfluoro sulfonyl imide is preferably 1: 0.01 to 1 as molar ratio.
- the mixing ratio of the lithium salt and lithium bisfluoro sulfonyl imide is greater than or equal to the molar ratio, side reactions in the electrolyte may occur excessively during charging and discharging of the battery, and a swelling phenomenon may occur. In this case, output improvement of the generated secondary battery may be reduced.
- the mixing ratio of the lithium salt and lithium bisfluoro sulfonyl imide is less than 1: 0.01
- a process of forming an SEI film in a lithium ion battery, and lithium ions solvated by a carbonate solvent In the process of being inserted between the negative electrode, a large number of irreversible reactions may occur, and by the peeling of the negative electrode surface layer (for example, the carbon surface layer) and the decomposition of the electrolyte, the low temperature output of the secondary battery may be improved, the high temperature storage, the cycle characteristics and The effect of improving the dose characteristics may be insignificant.
- the mixing ratio of the lithium salt and the lithium bisfluoro sulfonyl imide is a molar ratio
- the ratio is greater than 1: 1
- lithium bisfluoro sulfonyl imide of excessive capacity is included in the electrolyte to prevent corrosion of the electrode current collector during charging and discharging. This may affect the stability of the secondary battery.
- the positive electrode active material which is the lithium-nickel-manganese-cobalt-based oxide may include an oxide represented by Formula 1 below.
- the positive electrode active material which is the lithium-nickel-manganese-cobalt-based oxide
- the positive electrode active material which is the lithium-nickel-manganese-cobalt-based oxide
- it may be combined with lithium bisfluoro sulfonyl imide to have a synergistic effect.
- Li + 1 ions and Ni + 2 ions in the layered structure of the cathode active material change as the amount of Ni in the transition metal increases. mixing) occurs and the structure thereof collapses, and the cathode active material causes side reactions with the electrolyte, or dissolution of transition metals. This occurs because Li +1 ions and Ni +2 ions have similar sizes.
- the performance of the battery is easily degraded due to electrolyte depletion and structural collapse of the positive electrode active material inside the secondary battery.
- LiFSI applied electrolyte to the positive electrode active material of Formula 1 to form a layer layer of the LiFSI-based components on the surface of the anode cation mixing of Li + 1 ions and Ni + 2 ions While suppressing the phenomenon, a range was found in which sufficient nickel transition metal amount for securing the capacity of the positive electrode active material could be secured.
- the positive electrode active material including the oxide according to Chemical Formula 1 of the present invention when using a LiFSI-applied electrolyte, it is possible to effectively suppress the electrolyte, side reactions, metal dissolution and the like.
- Li + 1 is also ionized by the layer layer formed of LiFSI on the electrode surface described above. And Ni +2 may not suppress cation mixing of ions.
- a nickel transition metal having a d-orbit should have an octahedral structure in coordination bonds at high temperature or the like due to variation in the oxidation number of Ni. The order is reversed, or the oxidation number is varied (heterogeneous reaction) to form a distorted octahedron. As a result, the crystal structure of the positive electrode active material including the nickel transition metal is deformed to increase the probability of eluting nickel metal in the positive electrode active material.
- the present inventors have confirmed that while producing a high output when the positive electrode active material including the oxide according to the range of the formula (1) and LiFSI salt combination, while showing a high efficiency in the output characteristics and capacity characteristics.
- the electrolyte additive according to an embodiment of the present invention may include a fluorinated benzene compound. Specifically, at least one selected from the group consisting of compounds represented by Formula 2 below.
- N is an integer of 1 to 3.
- R 1 is the fluorinated benzene compound may be at least one selected from the group consisting of fluoro benzene, difluoro benzene, trifluoro benzene and derivatives thereof, according to an embodiment of the present invention,
- the fluorinated benzene compound may be 1,3,6 trifluoro benzine.
- a fluorinated benzene compound In a lithium secondary battery, oxygen released from a positive electrode in a high temperature environment promotes an exothermic decomposition reaction of an electrolyte solvent, causing a so-called swelling phenomenon in which the battery swells, thereby rapidly deteriorating battery life and charging / discharging efficiency.
- the battery is greatly deteriorated, such as an explosion.
- a fluorine substituent is added to the electrolyte as a flame retardant compound, and the surface of the negative electrode and the positive electrode at a high temperature inside the battery may react with the electrolyte to suppress a gas generated due to decomposition of the electrolyte.
- the life and storage characteristics at high temperatures can be improved, and the stability of the secondary battery can be increased by reducing the possibility of ignition during nail test.
- the content of the fluorinated benzene-based compound may be used without limitation as long as it is an amount necessary to achieve the effects of the present invention, such as high temperature storage output and stability of the battery, for example, 1 to 20 weight based on the total amount of the electrolyte %, Preferably 3.0% to 15% by weight.
- the amount of the fluorinated benzene compound is less than 1% by weight, it is difficult to sufficiently exhibit the effect of suppressing gas generation and flame retardancy with addition.
- the amount of the fluorinated benzene compound is more than 20% by weight, the effect is increased. While the degree is limited, problems may arise such as increasing the irreversible capacity or increasing the resistance of the cathode.
- the fluorinated benzene compound can be adjusted depending on the amount of lithium bis fluoro sulfonyl imide added. This is to more effectively prevent side reactions that may occur with the addition of a large amount of lithium bis fluorosulfonyl imide.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte solution includes a non-aqueous organic solvent, the non-aqueous organic solvent that may be included in the non-aqueous electrolyte, the decomposition by the oxidation reaction, etc. in the charge and discharge of the battery can be minimized, with an additive
- a non-aqueous organic solvent the non-aqueous organic solvent that may be included in the non-aqueous electrolyte, the decomposition by the oxidation reaction, etc. in the charge and discharge of the battery can be minimized, with an additive
- an additive There is no restriction as long as it can exhibit the desired properties, and for example, it may be a nitrile solvent, a cyclic carbonate, a linear carbonate, an ester, an ether or a ketone, or the like. These may be used alone, or two or more thereof may be used in combination.
- Carbonate-based organic solvents of the organic solvents can be easily used, the cyclic carbonate is any one selected from the group consisting of ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC) and butylene carbonate (BC) or two of them A mixture of two or more species, the linear carbonate consists of dimethyl carbonate (DMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), dipropyl carbonate (DPC), ethylmethyl carbonate (EMC), methylpropyl carbonate (MPC) and ethylpropyl carbonate (EPC) It may be any one selected from the group or a mixture of two or more thereof.
- DMC dimethyl carbonate
- DEC diethyl carbonate
- DPC dipropyl carbonate
- EMC ethylmethyl carbonate
- MPC methylpropyl carbonate
- EPC ethylpropyl carbonate
- the nitrile solvents include acetonitrile, propionitrile, butyronitrile, valeronitrile, caprylonitrile, heptanenitrile, cyclopentane carbonitrile, cyclohexane carbonitrile, 2-fluorobenzonitrile and 4-fluorobenzonitrile , Difluorobenzonitrile, trifluorobenzonitrile, phenylacetonitrile, 2-fluorophenylacetonitrile, 4-fluorophenylacetonitrile may be one or more selected from the group consisting of, one embodiment of the present invention Acetonitrile may be used as the non-aqueous solvent according to the example.
- the lithium secondary battery according to an embodiment of the present invention may include a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a separator interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode and the non-aqueous electrolyte.
- the positive electrode and the negative electrode may each include a positive electrode active material and a negative electrode active material according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the negative electrode active material includes amorphous carbon or crystalline carbon, specifically, carbon such as non-graphitized carbon, graphite-based carbon; LixFe 2 O 3 (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1), LixWO 2 (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1 ), SnxMe 1 - x Me ' y O z (Me: Mn, Fe, Pb, Ge; Me': Al, B, P , Metal complex oxides such as Si, Group 1, 2, 3 Group elements of the periodic table, halogen, 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1, 1 ⁇ y ⁇ 3, 1 ⁇ z ⁇ 8); Lithium metal; Lithium alloys; Silicon-based alloys; Tin-based alloys; SnO, SnO 2 , PbO, PbO 2 , Pb 2 O 3 , Pb 3 O 4 , Sb 2 O 3 , Sb 2 O 4 , Sb 2 O 5 , GeO, GeO 2 , Bi 2 O 3 , Bi 2 O
- the separator is a porous polymer film, for example, a porous polymer film made of a polyolefin-based polymer such as ethylene homopolymer, propylene homopolymer, ethylene / butene copolymer, ethylene / hexene copolymer and ethylene / methacrylate copolymer This may be a single or two or more laminated.
- a porous nonwoven fabrics such as high-melting glass fibers, polyethylene terephthalate fibers, and the like may be used, but are not limited thereto.
- the secondary battery is various according to the purpose of performing the cylindrical, square, pouch type and the like, and is not limited to the configuration known in the art.
- Lithium secondary battery according to an embodiment of the present invention may be a pouch-type secondary battery.
- a non-aqueous electrolyte was prepared by adding 0.9 mol / l and 0.1 mol / l of lithium bisfluorosulfonylimide and 1,3,6 trifluorinated benzene as an additive based on the total weight of the non-aqueous electrolyte.
- Li (Ni 0.6 Co 0.2 Mn 0.2 ) O 2 as a positive electrode active material
- carbon black as a conductive agent
- PVdF polyvinylidene fluoride
- NMP 2-pyrrolidone
- the positive electrode mixture slurry was applied to a thin film of aluminum (Al), which is a positive electrode current collector having a thickness of about 20 ⁇ m, dried to prepare a positive electrode, and then subjected to roll press to prepare a positive electrode.
- a negative electrode mixture slurry was prepared by adding carbon powder as a negative electrode active material, PVdF as a binder, and carbon black as a conductive agent at 96 wt%, 3 wt%, and 1 wt%, respectively, to NMP as a solvent.
- the negative electrode mixture slurry was applied to a copper (Cu) thin film, which is a negative electrode current collector having a thickness of 10 ⁇ m, dried to prepare a negative electrode, and then roll-rolled to prepare a negative electrode.
- Cu copper
- the positive electrode and the negative electrode prepared as described above were manufactured with a polymer battery by a conventional method with a separator composed of three layers of polypropylene / polyethylene / polypropylene (PP / PE / PP), followed by pouring the prepared non-aqueous electrolyte solution into a lithium secondary battery. The manufacture of the battery was completed.
- LiPF 6 based on the total amount of the non-aqueous electrolyte A non-aqueous electrolyte solution and a lithium secondary battery were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 0.7 mol / l and 0.3 mol / l of lithium bisfluorosulfonylimide were used.
- LiPF 6 based on the total amount of the non-aqueous electrolyte A non-aqueous electrolyte solution and a lithium secondary battery were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 0.6 mol / l and 0.4 mol / l of lithium bisfluorosulfonylimide were used.
- LiPF 6 based on the total amount of the non-aqueous electrolyte A non-aqueous electrolyte solution and a lithium secondary battery were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 0.5 mol / l and 0.5 mol / l of lithium bisfluorosulfonylimide were used.
- LiPF 6 based on the total amount of the non-aqueous electrolyte A non-aqueous electrolyte solution and a lithium secondary battery were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 0.4 mol / l and 0.6 mol / l of lithium bisfluorosulfonylimide were used.
- a non-aqueous electrolyte solution and a lithium secondary battery were prepared in the same manner as in Example 2 except that the additive was not used.
- a non-aqueous electrolyte solution and a lithium secondary battery were prepared in the same manner as in Example 2 except for Li (Ni 0.5 Co 0.3 Mn 0.2 ) O 2 as the cathode active material.
- the output was calculated using the voltage difference generated when the secondary batteries prepared in Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 were charged and discharged at ⁇ 30 ° C. at 0.5C for 10 seconds. At this time, the output of Comparative Example 1 was 4.18W. Based on Comparative Example 1, the outputs of Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Examples 2 to 3 were calculated as percentages. The results are shown in Table 1 below. The test was performed at 50% SOC (state of charge).
- the outputs were calculated using the voltage difference generated when the secondary batteries prepared in Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 were charged and discharged at 23 ° C. for 0.5 seconds at 0.5 ° C. At this time, the output of Comparative Example 1 was 45.9W. Based on Comparative Example 1, the outputs of Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Examples 2 to 3 were calculated as percentages. The results are shown in Table 1 below. The test was performed at 50% SOC (state of charge).
- the lithium secondary batteries of Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 were charged at 1 C to 4.2 V / 38 mA at constant current / constant voltage (CC / CV) conditions at 45 ° C., and then to 2.5 V at constant current (CC) conditions. It discharged at 3C and the discharge capacity was measured. This was repeated 1 to 800 cycles, and the discharge capacity measured by calculating the percentage of the 800th cycle as a percentage based on the first cycle (800th capacity / 1st capacity * 100 (%)) is shown in Table 1.
- the secondary batteries manufactured in Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 were charged at 1 C up to 4.2 V / 38 mA under constant current / constant voltage (CC / CV) conditions, and then discharged at 3 C up to 2.5 V under constant current (CC) conditions. And the discharge capacity was measured. Then, after storing the secondary batteries prepared in Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 for 20 weeks at 60 ° C., the secondary batteries were again 4.2V / 38mA at 23 ° C. under constant current / constant voltage (CC / CV) conditions. After charging to 1C, and discharged at 3C to 2.5V under constant current (CC) conditions, the discharge capacity was measured. Table 1 shows the results obtained by calculating the discharge capacity after 24 weeks as a percentage based on the initial discharge capacity (discharge capacity after 20 weeks / initial discharge capacity * 100 (%)).
- thermocouple was applied to the battery while the safety test was performed by performing a nail test that penetrates the battery into the nail at a rate of 1 m / min after charging to 4.2V. The temperature rise of the battery was confirmed by the adhesion. The maximum rise temperature of the battery at each nail test is shown in Table 1 below.
- Example 1 Compared with Low Temperature Output (%) Comparative Example 1 Compared to Comparative Example 1 High temperature characteristics Elevated Temperature at Nail Test (°C) Life Characteristics (%) Capacity characteristic (%) Example 1 3.34 1.25 81 89.6 - Example 2 4.98 3.4 83.9 93.4 37 Example 3 4.31 2.87 82.1 90.2 - Example 4 3.78 1.69 81.6 90.4 34 Comparative Example 1 - - 80.4 88.2 38 Comparative Example 2 -8.61 -4.82 77.2 91.6 102 Comparative Example 3 -4.72 -3.94 73.5 83.7 -
- the secondary batteries of Examples 1 to 4 exhibited excellent outputs of up to about 8% than the secondary batteries of Comparative Examples 1 to 3 at low temperature and room temperature output.
- the secondary batteries of Examples 1 to 4 have a stability at high temperature by using a fluorinated benzene-based compound as an additive, and in combination with LiFSI, which is a lithium salt, even in the properties after the high temperature storage (capacity and lifespan characteristics), Comparative Examples It was confirmed that the effect was superior to the secondary battery of 1 to 3.
- the batteries prepared in Examples 2, 4 and Comparative Example 1, to which the fluorinated benzene-based compound was added have a maximum temperature of 34 to 38 ° C. as compared to the batteries prepared in Comparative Example 2.
- the temperature rise above normal operating temperature was suppressed.
- the rise temperature was the largest according to the LiFSI ratio. Therefore, it was found that the secondary battery within the scope of the present invention most efficiently improved safety.
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Abstract
Description
저온출력(%)비교예 1 대비 | 상온출력(%)비교예 1 대비 | 고온 특성 | Nail test 시 상승온도(℃) | ||
수명 특성(%) | 용량 특성(%) | ||||
실시예 1 | 3.34 | 1.25 | 81 | 89.6 | - |
실시예 2 | 4.98 | 3.4 | 83.9 | 93.4 | 37 |
실시예 3 | 4.31 | 2.87 | 82.1 | 90.2 | - |
실시예 4 | 3.78 | 1.69 | 81.6 | 90.4 | 34 |
비교예 1 | - | - | 80.4 | 88.2 | 38 |
비교예 2 | -8.61 | -4.82 | 77.2 | 91.6 | 102 |
비교예 3 | -4.72 | -3.94 | 73.5 | 83.7 | - |
Claims (13)
- 리튬 비스플루오로 설포닐 이미드(Lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide; LiFSI) 및 플루오르화 벤젠계 화합물 첨가제를 포함하는 비수성 전해액; 양극 활물질로서 리튬-니켈-망간-코발트계 산화물을 포함하는 양극; 음극; 및 분리막을 포함하는 리튬 이차전지.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,상기 리튬-니켈-망간-코발트계 산화물은 하기 화학식 1로 표시되는 산화물을 포함하는 리튬 이차전지.[화학식 1]Li1+x(NiaCobMnc)O2(상기 화학식 1에서, 0.55≤a≤0.65, 0.18≤b≤0.22, 0.18≤c≤0.22, -0.2≤x≤0.2, 및 x+a+b+c+=1이다.)
- 제 1 항에 있어서,상기 비수성 전해액은 리튬염을 더 포함하는 리튬 이차전지.
- 제 3 항에 있어서,상기 리튬염과 리튬 비스플루오로 설포닐 이미드의 혼합비는 몰비로서 1:0.01 내지 1:1인 리튬 이차전지.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,상기 리튬 비스플루오로 설포닐 이미드는 비수성 전해액 중의 농도가 0.01 mol/ℓ 내지 2 mol/ℓ인 리튬 이차전지.
- 제 3 항에 있어서,상기 리튬염은 LiPF6, LiAsF6, LiCF3SO3, LiN(CF3SO2)2, LiBF6, LiSbF6, LiN(C2F5SO2)2, LiAlO4, LiAlCl4, LiSO3CF3 및 LiClO4로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 어느 하나 또는 이들 중 2종 이상의 혼합물을 포함하는 리튬 이차전지.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,상기 플루오르화 벤젠계 화합물은 플루오로 벤젠, 디플루오로 벤젠, 트리플루오로 벤젠 및 그 유도체로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 1종 이상인 리튬 이차전지.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,상기 플루오르화 벤젠계 화합물 첨가제의 함량은 상기 비수 전해액 총 중량을 기준으로 1~20 중량%인 리튬 이차전지.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,상기 비수성 전해액은 비수성 유기 용매를 포함하고, 상기 비수성 유기 용매는 니트릴계 용매, 선형 카보네이트, 환형 카보네이트, 에스테르, 에테르, 케톤 또는 이들의 조합을 포함하는 리튬 이차전지.
- 제 10 항에 있어서,상기 환형 카보네이트는 에틸렌 카보네이트(EC), 프로필렌카보네이트(PC) 및 부틸렌 카보네이트(BC)로 이루어진 군에서 선택된 어느 하나 또는 이들 중 2종 이상의 혼합물이고, 선형 카보네이트는 디메틸카보네이트(DMC), 디에틸 카보네이트(DEC), 디프로필 카보네이트(DPC), 에틸메틸카보네이트(EMC), 메틸프로필카보네이트(MPC) 및 에틸프로필 카보네이트(EPC)로 이루어진 군에서 선택된 어느 하나 또는 이들 중 2종 이상의 혼합물인 리튬 이차전지.
- 제 10 항에 있어서,상기 니트릴계 용매는 아세토니트릴, 프로피오니트릴, 부티로니트릴, 발레로니트릴, 카프릴로니트릴, 헵탄니트릴, 싸이클로펜탄 카보니트릴, 싸이클로헥산 카보니트릴, 2-플루오로벤조니트릴, 4-플루오로벤조니트릴, 다이플루오로벤조니트릴, 트리플루오로벤조니트릴, 페닐아세토니트릴, 2-플루오로페닐아세토니트릴, 4-플루오로페닐아세토니트릴로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 1종 이상인 리튬 이차전지.
- 제 1 항 내지 제 12 항 중 어느 한 항의 이차전지는 파우치형 리튬 이차전지인 리튬 이차전지.
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