WO2016046993A1 - ヒートポンプ装置ならびに、それを備えた空気調和機、ヒートポンプ給湯機、冷蔵庫、および冷凍機 - Google Patents
ヒートポンプ装置ならびに、それを備えた空気調和機、ヒートポンプ給湯機、冷蔵庫、および冷凍機 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016046993A1 WO2016046993A1 PCT/JP2014/075749 JP2014075749W WO2016046993A1 WO 2016046993 A1 WO2016046993 A1 WO 2016046993A1 JP 2014075749 W JP2014075749 W JP 2014075749W WO 2016046993 A1 WO2016046993 A1 WO 2016046993A1
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- voltage
- inverter
- phase
- heat pump
- compressor
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P27/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage
- H02P27/04—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage
- H02P27/06—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using dc to ac converters or inverters
- H02P27/08—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using dc to ac converters or inverters with pulse width modulation
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B13/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, with reversible cycle
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B30/00—Heat pumps
- F25B30/02—Heat pumps of the compression type
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
- F25B49/02—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for compression type machines, plants or systems
- F25B49/025—Motor control arrangements
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2600/00—Control issues
- F25B2600/02—Compressor control
- F25B2600/021—Inverters therefor
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2600/00—Control issues
- F25B2600/02—Compressor control
- F25B2600/024—Compressor control by controlling the electric parameters, e.g. current or voltage
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
- Y02B30/70—Efficient control or regulation technologies, e.g. for control of refrigerant flow, motor or heating
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an inverter control technique for controlling a compressor with an inverter, and in particular, a voltage having a frequency higher than a frequency (hereinafter referred to as “inverter frequency”) when the inverter drives the compressor (hereinafter referred to as “inverter frequency”).
- inverter frequency a voltage having a frequency higher than a frequency
- inverter frequency a voltage having a frequency higher than a frequency
- inverter frequency when the inverter drives the compressor
- Patent Document 1 shifts from the zero vector V0 or the zero vector V7 to either the real vector V3 or the real vector V4 with only one phase being in the off state, thereby allowing the time change rate of the voltage (hereinafter referred to as “ It can be said that this is a technique for increasing the voltage dV / dt ”and preventing the voltage from decreasing.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above, and an object of the present invention is to obtain a heat pump device capable of preventing a reduction in power to the compressor due to regeneration while reducing high-frequency noise.
- the present invention controls a compressor that compresses a refrigerant, a motor that drives the compressor, an inverter that applies an AC voltage to the motor, and the inverter.
- An inverter control unit that generates a control signal, and the inverter control unit controls with a first switching pattern that turns on all three switching elements on the positive voltage side or the negative voltage side of the inverter, Next, control is performed with a second switching pattern in which two switching elements in which currents in the same direction flow when controlled by the first switching pattern are turned off, and then turned off by the second switching pattern. Control by a third switching pattern that turns on the two switching elements on the reverse voltage side of the two switching elements That.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of an inverter in the first embodiment.
- FIG. Timing chart when the selector switches the phase ⁇ p and the phase ⁇ n alternately at the timing of the top and bottom of the carrier signal Explanatory diagram of change in voltage vector shown in FIG.
- Embodiment 1 FIG. In the first embodiment, a basic configuration and operation of the heat pump apparatus 100 will be described.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of the heat pump device 100 according to the first embodiment.
- the heat pump device 100 according to Embodiment 1 includes a refrigeration cycle in which a compressor 1, a four-way valve 2, a heat exchanger 3, an expansion mechanism 4, and a heat exchanger 5 are sequentially connected via a refrigerant pipe 6. Inside the compressor 1, there are provided a compression mechanism 7 that compresses the refrigerant and a motor 8 that operates the compression mechanism 7.
- the motor 8 is a three-phase motor having three-phase windings of U phase, V phase, and W phase.
- the inverter 9 that drives the motor 8 by applying a voltage is electrically connected to the motor 8.
- the inverter 9 applies voltages Vu, Vv, and Vw to the U-phase, V-phase, and W-phase windings of the motor 8, respectively.
- the inverter 9 includes an inverter control unit 10 that includes a heating determination unit 12 that determines whether or not the motor 8 needs to be heated and a high-frequency voltage generation unit 11 that performs control for applying a high-frequency voltage to the motor 8. Are electrically connected.
- the inverter control unit 10 performs control to operate in either a compression operation mode in which the compressor 1 compresses the refrigerant or a heating operation mode in which the compressor 1 is heated.
- the inverter 9 When operating in the compression operation mode, the inverter 9 generates an AC voltage having a frequency at which the motor 8 rotates, and when operating in the heating operation mode, the frequency is higher than the frequency of the AC voltage generated in the compression operation mode. A high frequency voltage that is high and does not rotate the motor 8 is generated in the inverter 9.
- the bus voltage Vdc which is the power supply voltage of the inverter 9, is transmitted from the inverter 9 to the high frequency voltage generator 11.
- the heating determination unit 12 When it is determined that the motor 8 needs to be heated, the heating determination unit 12 outputs an ON signal to the high frequency voltage generation unit 11, and when it is determined that it is not necessary to heat the motor 8, the heating signal is output as a high frequency signal. Output to the voltage generator 11.
- the high frequency voltage generator 11 applies pulse width modulation (Pulse Width Modulation) for applying a high frequency voltage to the motor 8 based on the input bus voltage Vdc. (Abbreviated as “PWM”) and generates a signal for output to the inverter 9.
- Pulse Width Modulation pulse width modulation for applying a high frequency voltage to the motor 8 based on the input bus voltage Vdc.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of the inverter 9 according to the first embodiment.
- the inverter 9 includes an AC power supply 14, a rectifier 15 that rectifies the voltage supplied from the AC power supply 14, a smoothing capacitor 16 that smoothes the voltage rectified by the rectifier 15 and generates a DC voltage (bus voltage Vdc), A bus voltage detection unit 17 that detects the bus voltage Vdc generated by the smoothing capacitor 16 and outputs the same to the inverter control unit 10 and a voltage application unit 20 that operates using the bus voltage Vdc as a power supply voltage are provided.
- the voltage application unit 20 includes a series connection unit in which two switching elements are connected in series, that is, a series connection unit including a group of switching elements 18a and 18d, a group of switching elements 18b and 18e, and a group of switching elements 18c and 18f. Three bridge circuits connected in parallel are configured. Each of the switching elements 18a, 18b, 18c, 18d, 18e, and 18f is connected in reverse parallel, that is, the free-wheeling diodes 19a, 19b, 19c, 19d, 19e, and 19f that are connected so that the direction of current flow is reversed. Is provided.
- the voltage application unit 20 is a switching element corresponding to each of the PWM signals UP, VP, WP, UN, VN, and WN transmitted from the inverter control unit 10, more specifically, UP is the switching element 18a, VP. Controls the switching element 18b, WP controls the switching element 18c, UN controls the switching element 18d, VN controls the switching element 18e, and WN controls the switching element 18f. By this control, voltages Vu, Vv, and Vw through the controlled switching elements are output and applied to the U phase, V phase, and W phase in the motor 8, respectively.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of the inverter control unit 10 according to the first embodiment.
- the inverter control unit 10 includes the high-frequency voltage generation unit 11 and the heating determination unit 12.
- the heating determination unit 12 will be described later, and here, the high-frequency voltage generation unit 11 will be described.
- the high-frequency voltage generator 11 includes a voltage command selector 13, a voltage command generator 25, and a PWM signal generator 26. Further, the voltage command selection unit 13 includes table data 21, an external input unit 22, a selection unit 23, and an integrator 24.
- a voltage command value Vd and a rotation speed command value ⁇ d are recorded.
- the selection unit 23 selects and outputs one of the voltage command value Vd recorded in the table data 21 and the voltage command value Va input from the external input unit 22 as the voltage command value V *. . Further, the selection unit 23 uses any one of the rotational speed command value ⁇ d recorded in the table data 21 and the rotational speed command value ⁇ a input from the external input unit 22 as the rotational speed command value ⁇ *. Select and output.
- the integrator 24 obtains the voltage phase ⁇ from the rotation speed command value ⁇ * output from the selection unit 23.
- the voltage command generator 25 receives the voltage command value V * and the voltage phase ⁇ obtained by the integrator 24 as inputs, generates voltage command values Vu *, Vv *, and Vw * and outputs them to the PWM signal generator 26. To do.
- the PWM signal generator 26 generates PWM signals UP, VP, WP, UN, VN based on the voltage command values Vu *, Vv *, Vw * generated by the voltage command generator 25 and the input bus voltage Vdc. , WN are generated and output to the inverter 9.
- the external input unit 22 may calculate, for example, a necessary heating amount of the heating determination unit 12 and input the voltage command Va and the rotation speed command value ⁇ a to the external input unit 22.
- the inverter control unit 10 is configured, but a value may be input from the outside of the inverter control unit 10.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of input / output waveforms of the PWM signal generation unit 26 according to the first embodiment.
- the voltage command values Vu *, Vv *, and Vw * are defined as cosine waves that are different in phase by 2 ⁇ / 3 as shown in (Expression 1) to (Expression 3) below.
- V * is the amplitude of the voltage command value
- ⁇ is the phase of the voltage command value.
- a sine wave may be used instead of the cosine wave.
- Vu * V * ⁇ cos ⁇ (Formula 1)
- Vv * V * ⁇ cos ⁇ (2/3) ⁇
- Vw * V * ⁇ cos ⁇ + (2/3) ⁇ (Formula 3)
- the voltage command generator 25 uses (Equation 1) to (Equation 3) to use the voltage command values Vu *, Vv *, Vw *. And the calculated voltage command values Vu *, Vv *, and Vw * are output to the PWM signal generator 26.
- the PWM signal generation unit 26 compares the voltage command values Vu *, Vv *, and Vw * with a carrier signal as a reference signal that has an amplitude of Vdc / 2 and fluctuates at a preset frequency. Based on the relationship, the PWM signals UP, VP, WP, UN, VN, WN are generated.
- UP is a voltage for turning on the switching element 18a
- UN is a voltage for turning off the switching element 18d.
- UP is a voltage that turns off the switching element 18a
- UN is a voltage that turns on the switching element 18d.
- VP and VN are determined by comparing the voltage command value Vv * and the carrier signal
- WP and WN are determined by comparing the voltage command value Vw * and the carrier signal.
- the frequency of the carrier signal shown in FIG. 4 is an example, and an arbitrary frequency can be selected from the set frequencies.
- the waveform of the carrier signal is also an example, and any waveform may be used as long as both the top and bottom of the waveform can be identified.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing eight switching patterns in the first embodiment.
- symbols V0 to V7 are attached to voltage vectors generated in each switching pattern.
- the direction of the voltage of each voltage vector is denoted by “ ⁇ ”, and is represented by “0” when no voltage is generated. More specifically, for example, “+ U” is a voltage that generates a current in the U-phase direction that flows into the motor 8 via the U-phase and flows out of the motor 8 via the V-phase and the W-phase.
- “ ⁇ U” is a voltage that flows into the motor 8 through the V phase and the W phase and generates a current in the direction opposite to the U phase direction that flows out of the motor 8 through the U phase. The same interpretation applies to “ ⁇ V” and “ ⁇ W”.
- a desired voltage can be applied to the inverter 9 by outputting a voltage vector by combining the switching patterns shown in FIG.
- the refrigerant of the general compressor 1 When the refrigerant of the general compressor 1 is compressed using the motor 8 in the normal operation mode, it is generally operated at 1 kHz or less. At this time, by changing the phase ⁇ at a high speed, a high frequency voltage exceeding 1 kHz can be applied to heat the compressor 1.
- Such an operation mode in which the compressor 1 is heated by applying a high-frequency voltage exceeding 1 kHz is often referred to as a heating operation mode.
- Equation 1 to (Equation 3) are examples when the voltage command values Vu *, Vv *, and Vw * are generated. Besides these equations, two-phase modulation, third harmonic superposition modulation, The voltage command values Vu *, Vv *, and Vw * may be obtained by space vector modulation.
- the upper limit of the carrier frequency which is the frequency of the carrier signal, is determined by the switching speed of the switching element provided in the inverter. For this reason, it is difficult to output a high frequency voltage equal to or higher than the carrier frequency.
- the upper limit of the switching speed is about 20 kHz.
- the frequency of the high frequency voltage is about 1/10 of the carrier frequency
- the output accuracy of the high frequency voltage waveform is deteriorated, and there is a risk of adverse effects such as superposition of DC components.
- the carrier frequency is set to 20 kHz
- the frequency of the high frequency voltage is set to 2 kHz, which is 1/10 of the carrier frequency
- the frequency of the high frequency voltage becomes an audible frequency region, and there is a concern about noise deterioration.
- the configuration of the inverter control unit 10 is as shown in FIG.
- an addition unit 27 is provided that adds one of the phase ⁇ p and the phase ⁇ n to the reference phase ⁇ f to obtain the voltage phase ⁇ .
- a selection unit 23A is provided in which a function of selecting any one of the phase ⁇ p and the phase ⁇ n is added to the selection unit 23 shown in FIG.
- the rotation speed command ⁇ * is integrated by the integrator 24 to obtain the voltage phase ⁇ .
- two types of phases ie, a phase ⁇ p and a phase ⁇ n that is approximately 180 degrees different from the phase ⁇ p are prepared, and the selection unit 23A that is also a phase switching unit synchronizes with the reference signal, The phase ⁇ p and the phase ⁇ n are switched alternately.
- the selection unit 23 alternately switches the phase ⁇ p and the phase ⁇ n at the timing of the top that is the peak of the carrier signal, the timing of the bottom that is the valley of the carrier signal, or the timing of both the top and the bottom.
- the adder 27 adds the phase ⁇ p or the phase ⁇ n selected by the selector 23 to the reference phase ⁇ f, and outputs the result to the voltage command generator 25 as the voltage phase ⁇ .
- the voltage command generator 25 uses the voltage phase ⁇ and the voltage command value V * to generate the voltage command values Vu *, Vv *, Vw * based on the above (Formula 1) to (Formula 3), and PWM The signal is output to the signal generator 26.
- the selector 23 switches the phase ⁇ p and the phase ⁇ n at the top or bottom of the carrier signal or at the timing of both the top and bottom, thereby outputting a PWM signal synchronized with the carrier signal. It becomes possible.
- FIG. 7 is a timing chart when the selection unit 23 alternately switches between the phase ⁇ p and the phase ⁇ n at the timing of the top and bottom of the carrier signal.
- fc is the frequency of the carrier signal, and thus 1 / fc represents the carrier period.
- the waveform K1 is the waveform of the carrier signal
- the waveform K2 is the waveform of the voltage command value V *
- the waveform K3 is the waveform of the U-phase voltage command value Vu *
- the waveform K4 indicated by the broken line is the V-phase voltage command value Vv. It is a waveform of * and W phase voltage command value Vw *.
- Waveform K5 represents phase ⁇ , indicating that ⁇ p is selected when the carrier signal goes from the top to the bottom, and ⁇ n is selected when the carrier signal goes from the bottom to the top.
- Waveforms K6 to K8 represent the PWM signal UP, the PWM signal VP, and the PWM signal WP, respectively.
- FIG. 7 shows only the PWM signal UP, the PWM signal VP, and the PWM signal WP.
- the reference phase ⁇ f is set to 0 [degrees].
- the PWM signal changes as shown in FIG.
- FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram of changes in the voltage vector shown in FIG. In FIG. 8, the switching element 18 surrounded by a broken line is on, and the switching element 18 not surrounded by a broken line is off.
- V4 vector (+ Iu current) and the V3 vector ( ⁇ Iu current) are alternately output, the forward and reverse torques are instantaneously switched. Therefore, it is possible to apply a voltage that suppresses the vibration of the rotor by canceling the torque.
- the selector 24 switches between the phase ⁇ p and the phase ⁇ n alternately only at the bottom timing of the carrier signal.
- the voltage vectors change in the order of V0, V4, V7, V7, V3, V0, V0, V3, V7, V7, V4, V0,. Since the V4 vector and the V3 vector appear during a two-carrier cycle, an AC voltage having a 1 ⁇ 2 carrier frequency can be applied to the winding of the motor 8.
- FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram of the rotor position (rotor stop position) of an IPM motor (Interior Permanent Magnet Motor).
- IPM motor Interior Permanent Magnet Motor
- the rotor position ⁇ of the IPM motor is represented by the magnitude of the angle at which the direction of the N pole of the rotor deviates from the U-phase direction.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing changes in current depending on the rotor position, where the horizontal axis represents the rotor position and the vertical axis represents the phase current peak.
- the winding inductance depends on the rotor position. Therefore, the winding impedance represented by the product of the electrical angular frequency ⁇ and the inductance value varies according to the rotor position. Therefore, even when the same voltage is applied, the current flowing through the winding of the motor 8 varies depending on the rotor position, and the amount of heating changes. As a result, depending on the rotor position, a large amount of electric power may be consumed in order to obtain a necessary heating amount. Therefore, the reference phase ⁇ f is changed with the passage of time, and the voltage is uniformly applied to the rotor.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram showing the applied voltage when the reference phase ⁇ f is changed over time.
- the reference phase ⁇ f is changed by 45 degrees such as 0 degree, 45 degrees, 90 degrees, and 135 degrees with the U phase as a reference.
- the reference phase ⁇ f is 0 degrees, the phase ⁇ of the voltage command value is 0 degrees and 180 degrees, and if the reference phase ⁇ f is 45 degrees, the phase ⁇ of the voltage command value is 45 degrees and 225 degrees, If ⁇ f is 90 degrees, the phase ⁇ of the voltage command value is 90 degrees and 270 degrees, and if the reference phase ⁇ f is 135 degrees, the phase ⁇ of the voltage command value is 135 degrees and 315 degrees. That is, first, the reference phase ⁇ f is set to 0 degrees, and the phase ⁇ of the voltage command value is switched between 0 degrees and 180 degrees in synchronization with the carrier signal for the first time.
- the reference phase ⁇ f is switched to 45 degrees, and the phase ⁇ of the voltage command value is switched between 45 degrees and 225 degrees in synchronization with the carrier signal for the second time. Thereafter, the reference phase ⁇ f is switched to 90 degrees, and so on, for every set time, 0 degrees and 180 degrees, 45 degrees and 225 degrees, 90 degrees and 270 degrees, 135 degrees and 315 degrees, ... and the phase ⁇ of the voltage command value are switched.
- the energization phase of the high-frequency AC voltage can be changed over time, and the influence of the inductance characteristics due to the rotor stop position can be eliminated, so a uniform compressor independent of the rotor position 1 can be heated.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram showing the current flowing in each phase of the UVW of the motor 8 when the reference phase ⁇ f is 0 degree, 30 degrees, and 60 degrees. Note that the reference phase ⁇ f is the U-phase reference, that is, the direction of V4 is 0 degree as in FIG.
- the current waveform is trapezoidal and has a low harmonic component.
- the other voltage vector is a voltage vector in which one switching element on the positive voltage side and two switching elements on the negative voltage side among the switching elements 18a to 18f are turned on (in FIG. 7, V4 corresponds to this). ), Or a voltage vector (V3 corresponds to this in FIG. 7) is generated only once when two switching elements on the positive voltage side and one switching element on the negative voltage side are turned on.
- the reference phase ⁇ f when the reference phase ⁇ f is 60 degrees, it is the same as when the reference phase ⁇ f is 0 degrees, and only one other voltage vector is generated between V0 and V7. Also in this case, the current waveform is trapezoidal, and the current has less harmonic components.
- the current waveform is distorted and becomes a current with many harmonic components. Note that distortion of the current waveform may adversely affect motor noise, motor shaft vibration, and the like.
- the reference phase ⁇ f is not n times 60 degrees, the voltage phase ⁇ is not a multiple of 60 degrees, so that two other voltage vectors are generated between V0 and V7. . If two other voltage vectors are generated between V0 and V7, the current waveform is distorted and becomes a current with many harmonic components, which may adversely affect motor noise, motor shaft vibration, and the like. Therefore, it is desirable to change the reference phase ⁇ f in increments of 60 degrees such as 0 degrees, 60 degrees,.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram showing a configuration of the heating determination unit 12 in the first embodiment. Based on the bus voltage Vdc detected by the bus voltage detection unit 17 of the inverter 9, the heating determination unit 12 determines whether the high frequency voltage generation unit 11 is in operation, that is, whether or not to operate the high frequency voltage generation unit 11 (ON or OFF). Control.
- the heating determination unit 12 includes a voltage comparison unit 28, a temperature detection unit 29, a temperature comparison unit 30, a first logical product calculation unit 31, a residence determination unit 32, an elapsed time measurement unit 33, a time comparison unit 34, a reset unit 35, a logic A sum calculation unit 36 and a second logical product calculation unit 37 are provided.
- the voltage comparison unit 28 determines that the bus voltage Vdc detected by the bus voltage detection unit 17 is in the normal state when Vdc_min ⁇ Vdc ⁇ Vdc_max, and outputs “1” otherwise. To do.
- Vdc_max is a bus voltage upper limit value
- Vdc_min is a bus voltage lower limit value. In the case of an excessive bus voltage greater than or equal to Vdc_max, in the case of an excessive bus voltage less than or equal to Vdc_min, the voltage comparison unit 28 determines that the state is abnormal and outputs 0 to operate to stop heating.
- the temperature detection unit 29 detects the inverter temperature Tinv, which is the temperature of the voltage application unit 20, the temperature of the compressor 1 (hereinafter referred to as “compressor temperature”) Tc, and the outside air temperature To.
- the temperature comparison unit 30 compares the preset protection temperature Tp_inv of the inverter with the inverter temperature Tinv, and compares the preset protection temperature Tp_c of the compressor 1 with the compressor temperature Tc. Then, the temperature comparison unit 30 determines that the operation is normal in the state of Tp_inv> Tinv and the state of Tp_c> Tc, and outputs 1 in other cases.
- Tp_inv ⁇ Tinv the inverter temperature is high
- Tp_c ⁇ Tc the winding temperature of the motor 8 in the compressor 1 is high, and the insulation temperature is high. There is a risk of defects. Therefore, the temperature comparison unit 30 operates to stop heating by determining “hazardous” and outputting “0”.
- the first logical product calculation unit 31 outputs the logical product of the output values of the voltage comparison unit 28 and the temperature comparison unit 30 described above. When any one of the output values of the voltage comparison unit 28 and the temperature comparison unit 30 becomes “0” in an abnormal state, the first logical product calculation unit 31 outputs 0 to stop heating.
- the stay determination unit 32 determines whether or not the liquid refrigerant is in the compressor 1 in the compressor 1.
- the compressor 1 has the largest heat capacity in the refrigeration cycle, and the compressor temperature Tc rises later with respect to the rise in the outside air temperature To, so the temperature is lowest. Since the refrigerant has the property that it stays at the lowest temperature in the refrigeration cycle and accumulates as a liquid refrigerant, the refrigerant tends to accumulate in the compressor 1 when the temperature rises. Therefore, the stay determination unit 32 determines that the refrigerant is staying in the compressor 1 when To> Tc, outputs “1”, starts heating, and becomes To ⁇ Tc. If this happens, stop heating. In addition, when To is increasing, it may be controlled to start heating when Tc is increasing, and when it becomes difficult to detect Tc or To, control can be performed using either one. Highly reliable control can be realized.
- the elapsed time measuring unit 33 measures the time during which the compressor 1 is not heated (Elapse_Time), and outputs “1” when the time comparing unit 34 exceeds the time limit Limit_Time set in advance and compresses it. Heating of machine 1 is started.
- Limit_Time may be set to about 12 hours.
- Elapse_Time for example, when the compressor 1 is heated, the Elapse_Time may be set to “0” in the reset unit 35.
- the logical sum calculation unit 36 outputs a logical sum of the output values of the stay determination unit 32 and the time comparison unit 34 described above. When either one of the output values of the stay determination unit 32 and the time comparison unit 34 is “1” indicating the start of heating, the logical sum calculation unit 36 outputs “1” to the compressor 1. Start heating.
- the second logical product calculation unit 37 outputs the logical product of the output values of the first logical product calculation unit 31 and the logical sum calculation unit 36 as the output value of the heating determination unit 12.
- an ON signal (ON) for operating the high-frequency voltage generator 11 is generated, and the compressor 1 is heated.
- an off signal (OFF) that does not operate the high-frequency voltage generation unit 11 is generated, and the heating operation of the compressor 1 is not performed, or the operation of the high-frequency voltage generation unit 11 is stopped. The heating operation of the compressor 1 is not performed.
- the first logical product calculation unit 31 when the second logical product calculation unit 37 outputs a logical product, the first logical product calculation unit 31 outputs a heating stop signal “0” to the compressor 1. In this case, even when the logical sum calculation unit 35 outputs the heating start signal “1”, the heating can be stopped. Therefore, it is possible to obtain a heat pump device capable of minimizing standby power consumption while ensuring reliability.
- the stay determination unit 32 can detect how much liquid refrigerant has accumulated in the compressor 1 based on the compressor temperature Tc and the outside air temperature To, and accordingly, depending on the amount of liquid refrigerant detected. By calculating the amount of heat or electric power required to drive the refrigerant out of the compressor 1, and operating the high-frequency voltage generator 11 to perform the minimum necessary heating, the effect on global warming by reducing power consumption Can be reduced.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram showing 12 switching patterns obtained by adding four new switching patterns to the 8 switching patterns shown in FIG.
- four switching patterns with symbols V0 ′, V7 ′, V0 ′′, and V7 ′′ are added. More specifically, V0 ′ is a switching pattern in which UN at V0 is changed from “1” to “0”. Similarly, V7 'is a switching pattern in which the UP at V7 is changed from “1” to “0”, and V7 "is the VP and WP at V7 from" 1 "to” 0 ".
- V0 ′′ is a switching pattern in which VN and WN at V0 are changed from “1” to “0”.
- the switching patterns V0 ′, V7 ′, V0 ′′, V7 ′′ are output during the dead time period.
- the energy stored in the winding inductance of the motor recirculates in the inverter 9 or regenerates to the power source side of the inverter 9, so that the switching patterns V0 ′, V7 ′, V0 ′′, V7 ′′
- the voltage direction due to is indefinite, that is, the voltage value is unknown.
- the switching elements 18a, 18b, 18c connected to the positive voltage side and the switching elements 18d, 18e, 18f connected to the negative voltage side are connected in series.
- the dead time shown in FIG. 15 is provided so that the switching element 18a and the switching element 18d, the switching element 18b and the switching element 18e, and the switching element 18c and the switching element 18f are not simultaneously turned on. It is common.
- the section (1) in FIG. 15 corresponds to V0 in FIG. 14, and the energy stored in the winding of the motor 8 as shown in FIG. By refluxing through the reflux diodes 19e and 19f, the current is attenuated with a time constant determined by the resistance and inductance of the winding of the motor 8.
- the section (2) in FIG. 15 corresponds to V0 ′ in FIG. In this case, since the switching element 18d is turned off, the regenerative mode (the upper diagram in FIG. 16 (2)) is regenerated to the smoothing capacitor 16 via the freewheeling diode 19a, and the regenerative mode when the current of each phase becomes zero in the middle.
- the current Iu of each phase of the PWM signals UP, VP, WP, UN, VN, WN, and UVW from the upper side Each operation waveform of the line voltage Vuv between Iv, Iw, and UV is shown.
- the section (1) in FIG. 17 corresponds to V7 in FIG. 14, and the energy stored in the winding of the motor 8 as shown in FIG.
- the current attenuates with a time constant determined by the resistance and inductance of the winding of the motor 8.
- the section (2) in FIG. 17 corresponds to V7 ′′ in FIG.
- the switching elements 18b and 18c are turned off, the regenerative mode is performed for regenerating to the smoothing capacitor 16 via the freewheeling diodes 19e and 19f (the upper diagram in FIG. 18 (2)), and the current of each phase is zero in the middle.
- the current Iu flowing through the switching element 18d is the sum of the currents Iv and Iw flowing through the freewheeling diodes 19e and 19f.
- the time until the switching element 18d through which more current flows transitions to the off state is short, and instantaneously changes to the regeneration mode (2).
- the state of (1) since all potentials are on the negative voltage side, no voltage is generated in each phase of UVW.
- the regeneration mode of (2) the U phase is connected to the positive voltage side via the freewheeling diode 19a.
- the current Iu flowing through the freewheeling diode 19a is the sum of the currents Iv and Iw flowing through the switching elements 18b and 18c.
- the switching elements 18b and 18c are turned off from this state, it takes a long time until the switching elements 18b and 18c flowing in a diverted state transition to the off state, and then the regeneration mode (2) is entered.
- the state of (1) since all the potentials are on the positive voltage side, no voltage is generated in each phase of UVW, but in the regenerative mode of (2), the V phase and W phase pass through the freewheeling diodes 19e and 19f.
- the mode is gradually switched to the regeneration mode as a PWM pattern that turns off two switching elements through which current flows in the same direction. It is possible to suppress a sudden change in voltage when shifting to V3 or V4 by, for example, outputting a vector of V3 or V4 that outputs a voltage after that.
- the input power P to the motor 8 is expressed by the following (Equation 4) using the two-watt meter method, where the U-phase current is Iu, the W-phase current is Iw, the UV voltage is Vuv, and the WV voltage is Vwv.
- the voltage value gradually increases in the section (2), but does not reach the voltage value in (3), and the voltage in the section (3). Increases rapidly, and the time rate of change dV / dt of the voltage cannot be reduced completely.
- the winding impedance of the motor 8 is changed, the value of the current flowing through the switching element is increased, or the gate resistance (not shown) of the driving circuit for driving the switching element is adjusted, and the dead time It is possible to increase the voltage value in the section (2) from zero to the voltage value in (3) while maintaining a low dV / dt by shortening or lengthening the time (shortening in the case of FIG. 17). Thus, the generated noise can be reduced.
- FIG. 19 is a flowchart showing the operation of the inverter control unit 10 according to the first embodiment.
- the heating determination unit 12 determines whether to operate the high-frequency voltage generation unit 11 by the above-described operation while the compressor 1 is stopped.
- the heating determination unit 12 determines to operate the high-frequency voltage generation unit 11, that is, when the output value of the heating determination unit 12 is “1” (ON) (step S1: Yes)
- the process proceeds to S2. Advance and generate a PWM signal for preheating.
- the heating determination unit 12 determines not to operate the high-frequency voltage generation unit 11, that is, when the output value of the heating determination unit 12 is “0” (OFF) (step S1: No)
- a predetermined time After the elapse of time, it is determined again whether to operate the high-frequency voltage generator 11.
- the voltage command selection unit 13 selects the voltage command value V * and the voltage phase ⁇ , and turns off two switching elements through which current flows in the same direction when shifting from the zero vector (eg, V0, V7) to the dead time.
- the voltage phase ⁇ is selected so that a PWM pattern to be generated is generated, Vu *, Vv *, Vw * are calculated by (Equation 1) to (Equation 3), and the calculated voltage command values Vu *, Vv *, Vw are calculated. * Is output to the PWM signal generator 26.
- the PWM signal generation unit 26 compares the voltage command values Vu *, Vv *, and Vw * output from the voltage command generation unit 25 with the carrier signal to obtain the PWM signals UP, VP, WP, UN, VN, and WN. And output to the inverter 9. As a result, the switching elements 17 a to 17 f of the inverter 9 are driven to apply a high frequency voltage to the motor 8.
- the motor 8 is efficiently heated by the iron loss of the motor 8 and the copper loss generated by the current flowing through the winding.
- the liquid refrigerant staying in the compressor 1 is heated and vaporized, and leaks to the outside of the compressor 1. After the process of S3, it transfers to S1 and it is determined whether heating is further required.
- the heat pump device 100 when the liquid refrigerant stays in the compressor 1, the high-frequency voltage is applied to the motor 8.
- the motor 8 can be heated. Thereby, the refrigerant staying in the compressor 1 can be efficiently heated, and the staying refrigerant can be leaked to the outside of the compressor 1.
- the inverter control unit 10 uses all three switching elements on the positive voltage side or the negative voltage side of the inverter 9. Is controlled with a first switching pattern that turns on, and then controlled with a second switching pattern that turns off two switching elements through which current flows in the same direction when controlled with the first switching pattern, Next, since the two switching elements on the reverse voltage side of the two switching elements turned off by the second switching pattern are controlled by the third switching pattern that turns on, the high frequency noise is reduced. The power reduction to the compressor 1 due to regeneration can be prevented.
- the voltage command selection unit 13 may output a voltage phase ⁇ that is equal to or higher than the operation frequency during the compression operation.
- the operating frequency at the time of compression operation is at most 1 kHz. Therefore, a high frequency voltage of 1 kHz or higher may be applied to the motor 8. Moreover, if a high frequency voltage of 14 kHz or higher is applied to the motor 8, the vibration sound of the iron core of the motor 8 approaches the upper limit of the audible frequency, which is effective in reducing noise. Therefore, for example, the voltage command selection unit 13 outputs a voltage phase ⁇ such that a high frequency voltage of about 20 kHz is obtained.
- the frequency of the high-frequency voltage exceeds the maximum rated frequency of the switching elements 18a to 18f, a load or a power supply short circuit due to the destruction of the switching elements 18a to 18f may occur, resulting in smoke and fire. Therefore, in order to ensure reliability, it is desirable that the frequency of the high frequency voltage be not more than the maximum rated frequency.
- an IPM structure motor As a compressor motor for a recent heat pump apparatus, an IPM structure motor, a concentrated winding motor with a small coil end and a low winding resistance, etc. are widely used for high efficiency. Since the concentrated winding motor has a small winding resistance and a small amount of heat generated by copper loss, a large amount of current needs to flow through the winding. When a large amount of current is passed through the windings, the current flowing through the inverter 9 also increases and the inverter loss increases. Therefore, when heating is performed by applying the above-described high frequency voltage, an inductance component due to a high frequency is increased, and the winding impedance is increased. When the winding impedance is increased, the current flowing through the winding is reduced and the copper loss is reduced.
- the iron loss due to the application of the high-frequency voltage is generated, and heating can be effectively performed. Furthermore, since the current flowing through the winding is reduced, the current flowing through the inverter is also reduced, the loss of the inverter 9 can be reduced, and more efficient heating is possible.
- the compressor 1 when heating is performed by applying the high-frequency voltage described above, when the compressor 1 is an IPM structure motor, the rotor surface where the high-frequency magnetic flux is linked also becomes a heat generating portion. Therefore, the refrigerant contact surface is increased and the heating to the compression mechanism is realized quickly, so that the refrigerant can be efficiently heated.
- the switching elements 18a to 18f constituting the inverter 9 and the free-wheeling diodes 19a to 19f connected in antiparallel to these are currently mainly using semiconductors made of silicon (Si). is there. However, instead of this, a wide gap semiconductor made of silicon carbide (SiC), gallium nitride (GaN), or diamond may be used.
- the switching element and the diode element formed by such a wide band gap semiconductor have a high withstand voltage and a high allowable current density. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the size of the switching element and the diode element. By using these reduced switching element and diode element, it is possible to reduce the size of the semiconductor module incorporating these elements.
- the switching element and the diode element formed by such a wide band gap semiconductor have high heat resistance.
- the heat sink fins of the heat sink can be miniaturized and the water cooling part can be air cooled, so that the semiconductor module can be further miniaturized.
- the switching element and the diode element formed by such a wide band gap semiconductor have low power loss. Therefore, it is possible to increase the efficiency of the switching element and the diode element, and in turn, increase the efficiency of the semiconductor module.
- both the switching element and the diode element are formed of a wide band gap semiconductor.
- either one of the elements may be formed of a wide band gap semiconductor, and the switching elements 18a to 18f. Even if at least one of the freewheeling diodes 19a to 19f is formed of a wide bandgap semiconductor, the effect described in this embodiment can be obtained.
- MOSFET Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor
- the compressor 1 can be efficiently heated, and the liquid refrigerant in the compressor 1 can be prevented from staying. Therefore, since liquid compression can be prevented, it is effective even when a scroll compressor is used as the compressor 1.
- the amplitude or frequency of the voltage command value may be adjusted in advance so as not to exceed 50 W.
- the inverter control unit 10 can be configured by a discrete system of CPU (Central Processing Unit), DSP (Digital Signal Processor), and microcomputer (microcomputer) as described above, and other analog circuits, digital circuits, etc.
- CPU Central Processing Unit
- DSP Digital Signal Processor
- microcomputer microcomputer
- FIG. 1 an example of a circuit configuration of the heat pump device 100 will be described.
- the heat pump device 100 in which the compressor 1, the four-way valve 2, the heat exchanger 3, the expansion mechanism 4, and the heat exchanger 5 are sequentially connected by piping is illustrated.
- a heat pump device 100 having a more specific configuration will be described.
- FIG. 20 is a circuit configuration diagram of the heat pump device 100 according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 21 is a Mollier diagram of the refrigerant state of the heat pump apparatus 100 shown in FIG. In FIG. 21, the horizontal axis represents specific enthalpy and the vertical axis represents refrigerant pressure.
- a compressor 51, a heat exchanger 52, an expansion mechanism 53, a receiver 54, an internal heat exchanger 55, an expansion mechanism 56, and a heat exchanger 57 are sequentially connected by piping, Is provided with a main refrigerant circuit 58 that circulates.
- a main refrigerant circuit 58 In the main refrigerant circuit 58, a four-way valve 59 is provided on the discharge side of the compressor 51 so that the refrigerant circulation direction can be switched.
- a fan 60 is provided in the vicinity of the heat exchanger 57.
- the compressor 51 is the compressor 1 described in the first embodiment, and includes the motor 8 driven by the inverter 9 and the compression mechanism 7.
- the heat pump device 100 includes an injection circuit 62 that connects between the receiver 54 and the internal heat exchanger 55 to the injection pipe of the compressor 51 by piping.
- An expansion mechanism 61 and an internal heat exchanger 55 are sequentially connected to the injection circuit 62.
- a water circuit 63 through which water circulates is connected to the heat exchanger 52.
- the water circuit 63 is connected to a device that uses water such as a water heater, a radiator, a radiator such as floor heating.
- the heating operation includes not only heating used for air conditioning, but also hot water supply that heats water to make hot water.
- the gas-phase refrigerant (point 1 in FIG. 21) that has become high-temperature and high-pressure in the compressor 51 is discharged from the compressor 51, and is heat-exchanged and liquefied by a heat exchanger 52 that is a condenser and a radiator. Point 2). At this time, the water circulating through the water circuit 63 is warmed by the heat radiated from the refrigerant and used for heating and hot water supply.
- the liquid-phase refrigerant liquefied by the heat exchanger 52 is decompressed by the expansion mechanism 53 and becomes a gas-liquid two-phase state (point 3 in FIG. 21).
- the refrigerant in the gas-liquid two-phase state by the expansion mechanism 53 is heat-exchanged with the refrigerant sucked into the compressor 51 by the receiver 54, cooled, and liquefied (point 4 in FIG. 21).
- the liquid phase refrigerant liquefied by the receiver 54 branches and flows into the main refrigerant circuit 58 and the injection circuit 62.
- the liquid phase refrigerant flowing through the main refrigerant circuit 58 is heat-exchanged by the internal heat exchanger 55 with the refrigerant flowing through the injection circuit 62 that has been decompressed by the expansion mechanism 61 and is in a gas-liquid two-phase state, and further cooled (FIG. 21).
- Point 5 The liquid-phase refrigerant cooled by the internal heat exchanger 55 is decompressed by the expansion mechanism 56 and becomes a gas-liquid two-phase state (point 6 in FIG. 21).
- the refrigerant in the gas-liquid two-phase state by the expansion mechanism 56 is heated and exchanged with the outside air by the heat exchanger 57 serving as an evaporator (point 7 in FIG. 21).
- the refrigerant heated by the heat exchanger 57 is further heated by the receiver 54 (point 8 in FIG. 21) and sucked into the compressor 51.
- the refrigerant flowing through the injection circuit 62 is decompressed by the expansion mechanism 61 (point 9 in FIG. 21), and is heat-exchanged by the internal heat exchanger 55 (point 10 in FIG. 21).
- the gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant (injection refrigerant) heat-exchanged by the internal heat exchanger 55 flows into the compressor 51 from the injection pipe of the compressor 51 in the gas-liquid two-phase state.
- the refrigerant (point 8 in FIG. 21) sucked from the main refrigerant circuit 58 is compressed and heated to an intermediate pressure (point 11 in FIG. 21).
- the refrigerant that has been compressed and heated to the intermediate pressure (point 11 in FIG. 21) joins the injection refrigerant (point 10 in FIG. 21), and the temperature drops (point 12 in FIG. 21).
- coolant (point 12 of FIG. 21) in which temperature fell is further compressed and heated, becomes high temperature high pressure, and is discharged (point 1 of FIG. 21).
- the opening of the expansion mechanism 61 is fully closed. That is, when the injection operation is performed, the opening degree of the expansion mechanism 61 is larger than the predetermined opening degree. However, when the injection operation is not performed, the opening degree of the expansion mechanism 61 is more than the predetermined opening degree. Make it smaller. Thereby, the refrigerant does not flow into the injection pipe of the compressor 51.
- the opening degree of the expansion mechanism 61 is controlled electronically by a control unit such as a microcomputer.
- the cooling operation includes not only cooling used in air conditioning but also making cold water by taking heat from water and freezing.
- the gas-phase refrigerant (point 1 in FIG. 21) that has become high-temperature and high-pressure in the compressor 51 is discharged from the compressor 51, and is heat-exchanged and liquefied by a heat exchanger 57 that is a condenser and a radiator (FIG. 21).
- Point 2 The liquid-phase refrigerant liquefied by the heat exchanger 57 is decompressed by the expansion mechanism 56 and becomes a gas-liquid two-phase state (point 3 in FIG. 21).
- the refrigerant in the gas-liquid two-phase state by the expansion mechanism 56 is heat-exchanged by the internal heat exchanger 55, cooled and liquefied (point 4 in FIG. 21).
- the refrigerant that has become a gas-liquid two-phase state by the expansion mechanism 56 and the liquid-phase refrigerant that has been liquefied by the internal heat exchanger 55 have been decompressed by the expansion mechanism 61, and have become a gas-liquid two-phase state.
- Heat is exchanged with the refrigerant (point 9 in FIG. 21).
- the liquid phase refrigerant (point 4 in FIG. 21) heat-exchanged by the internal heat exchanger 55 branches and flows into the main refrigerant circuit 58 and the injection circuit 62.
- the liquid-phase refrigerant flowing through the main refrigerant circuit 58 is heat-exchanged with the refrigerant sucked into the compressor 51 by the receiver 54 and further cooled (point 5 in FIG. 21).
- the liquid-phase refrigerant cooled by the receiver 54 is decompressed by the expansion mechanism 53 and becomes a gas-liquid two-phase state (point 6 in FIG. 21).
- the refrigerant in the gas-liquid two-phase state by the expansion mechanism 53 is heat-exchanged and heated by the heat exchanger 52 serving as an evaporator (point 7 in FIG. 21).
- the water circulating in the water circuit 63 is cooled and used for cooling, freezing, and the like.
- the refrigerant heated by the heat exchanger 52 is further heated by the receiver 54 (point 8 in FIG. 21) and sucked into the compressor 51.
- the refrigerant flowing through the injection circuit 62 is decompressed by the expansion mechanism 61 (point 9 in FIG. 21), and is heat-exchanged by the internal heat exchanger 55 (point 10 in FIG. 21).
- the gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant (injection refrigerant) heat-exchanged by the internal heat exchanger 55 flows from the injection pipe of the compressor 51 in the gas-liquid two-phase state.
- the compression operation in the compressor 51 is the same as in the heating operation.
- the opening of the expansion mechanism 61 is fully closed so that the refrigerant does not flow into the injection pipe of the compressor 51, as in the heating operation.
- the heat exchanger 52 has been described as a heat exchanger such as a plate heat exchanger that exchanges heat between the refrigerant and the water circulating in the water circuit 63.
- the heat exchanger 52 is not limited to this and may exchange heat between the refrigerant and the air.
- the water circuit 63 may be a circuit in which other fluid circulates instead of a circuit in which water circulates.
- the heat pump device 100 can be used for a heat pump device using an inverter compressor such as an air conditioner, a heat pump water heater, a refrigerator, or a refrigerator.
- an inverter compressor such as an air conditioner, a heat pump water heater, a refrigerator, or a refrigerator.
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Abstract
Description
実施の形態1では、ヒートポンプ装置100の基本的な構成及び動作について説明する。
Vv*=V*・cos{θ-(2/3)π} …(式2)
Vw*=V*・cos{θ+(2/3)π} …(式3)
加熱判定部12は、圧縮機1の運転停止中に、上述した動作により高周波電圧発生部11を動作させるかを判断する。ここで、加熱判定部12が、高周波電圧発生部11を動作させると判断した場合、すなわち加熱判定部12の出力値が“1”(ON)の場合(ステップS1:Yes)、処理をS2へ進め、予熱用のPWM信号を発生させる。一方、加熱判定部12が、高周波電圧発生部11を動作させないと判断した場合、すなわち加熱判定部12の出力値が“0”(OFF)の場合(ステップS1:No)、予め定められた時間の経過後に、再度、高周波電圧発生部11を動作させるかを判断する。
電圧指令選択部13は、電圧指令値V*および電圧位相θを選択し、ゼロベクトル(例えばV0、V7)からデッドタイムに移行する際に、同方向に電流が流れるスイッチング素子の2つをオフするPWMパターンが生成されるように電圧位相θを選択し、(式1)~(式3)によりVu*、Vv*、Vw*を計算し、計算した電圧指令値Vu*、Vv*、Vw*をPWM信号生成部26へ出力する。
PWM信号生成部26は、電圧指令生成部25が出力した電圧指令値Vu*、Vv*、Vw*をキャリア信号と比較して、PWM信号UP、VP、WP、UN、VN、WNを得て、インバータ9へ出力する。これにより、インバータ9のスイッチング素子17a~17fを駆動してモータ8に高周波電圧を印加する。モータ8に高周波電圧を印加することにより、モータ8の鉄損と、巻線に流れる電流にて発生する銅損とで効率よくモータ8が加熱される。モータ8が加熱されることにより、圧縮機1内に滞留する液冷媒が加熱されて気化し、圧縮機1の外部へと漏出する。S3の処理後は、S1に移行し、さらに加熱が必要か否かを判定する。
実施の形態2では、ヒートポンプ装置100の回路構成の一例について説明する。なお、例えば、図1等では、圧縮機1と、四方弁2と、熱交換器3と、膨張機構4と、熱交換器5とが配管により順次接続されたヒートポンプ装置100について示した。実施の形態2では、より具体的な構成のヒートポンプ装置100について説明する。
Claims (11)
- 冷媒を圧縮する圧縮機と、
前記圧縮機を駆動するモータ、
前記モータに交流電圧を印加するインバータと、
前記インバータを制御する制御信号を生成するインバータ制御部と、を備え、
前記インバータ制御部は、
前記インバータの正電圧側または負電圧側の3つのスイッチング素子の全てをオン状態とする第1のスイッチングパターンで制御し、次に前記第1のスイッチングパターンで制御したときに同一方向の電流が流れる2つのスイッチング素子をオフ状態とする第2のスイッチングパターンで制御し、次に前記第2のスイッチングパターンでオフ状態とした2つのスイッチング素子の逆電圧側の2つのスイッチング素子をオン状態とする第3のスイッチングパターンで制御するヒートポンプ装置。 - 前記インバータ制御部は、
基準信号に同期して、3つの電圧指令値Vu*、Vv*、Vw*を生成するための位相角を予め設定された2つの値を交互に切り替えて選択する電圧指令選択部と、
前記電圧指令選択部が選択した3つの電圧指令値と前記基準信号とを比較して、前記インバータの各スイッチング素子に対応する6つの駆動信号を生成する請求項1に記載のヒートポンプ装置。 - 前記基準信号は、時間変化における頂部および底部が特定可能な信号であり、
前記電圧指令選択部は、前記基準信号の頂部と底部との双方のタイミングで前記3つの電圧指令値Vu*、Vv*、Vw*を切り替える請求項2に記載のヒートポンプ装置。 - 前記基準信号は、時間に対する値の変化における頂部および底部が特定可能な信号であり、
前記電圧指令選択部は、前記基準信号の頂部および底部のうちの何れかのタイミングで前記3つの電圧指令値Vu*、Vv*、Vw*を切り替える請求項2に記載のヒートポンプ装置。 - 前記インバータ制御部は、前記圧縮機に冷媒を圧縮させる圧縮運転モードと、前記圧縮機を加熱する加熱運転モードとの何れかで運転し、前記圧縮運転モードで運転する場合には、前記モータが回転する周波数の交流電圧を前記インバータに発生させ、前記加熱運転モードで運転する場合には、前記圧縮運転モードの場合に発生させる交流電圧の周波数よりも高く、前記モータが回転しない周波数の交流電圧を前記インバータに発生させる請求項1から4の何れか1項に記載のヒートポンプ装置。
- 前記インバータを構成するスイッチング素子の少なくとも1つ、または、前記インバータを構成するダイオードは、ワイドバンドギャップ半導体によって形成されていることを特徴とする請求項1から5の何れか1項に記載のヒートポンプ装置。
- 前記ワイドバンドギャップ半導体は、炭化珪素、窒化ガリウム系材料又はダイヤモンドであることを特徴とする請求項6に記載のヒートポンプ装置。
- 請求項1から7の何れか1項に記載のヒートポンプ装置を備えた空気調和機。
- 請求項1から7の何れか1項に記載のヒートポンプ装置を備えたヒートポンプ給湯機。
- 請求項1から7の何れか1項に記載のヒートポンプ装置を備えた冷蔵庫。
- 請求項1から7の何れか1項に記載のヒートポンプ装置を備えた冷凍機。
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US15/502,033 US10033325B2 (en) | 2014-09-26 | 2014-09-26 | Heat pump device, and air conditioner, heat pump water heater, refrigerator, and freezing machine that includes heat pump device |
JP2016549892A JP6333395B2 (ja) | 2014-09-26 | 2014-09-26 | ヒートポンプ装置ならびに、それを備えた空気調和機、ヒートポンプ給湯機、冷蔵庫、および冷凍機 |
CN201480082097.3A CN106716820B (zh) | 2014-09-26 | 2014-09-26 | 热泵装置、空调机、热泵式热水器、冰箱和制冷机 |
PCT/JP2014/075749 WO2016046993A1 (ja) | 2014-09-26 | 2014-09-26 | ヒートポンプ装置ならびに、それを備えた空気調和機、ヒートポンプ給湯機、冷蔵庫、および冷凍機 |
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PCT/JP2014/075749 WO2016046993A1 (ja) | 2014-09-26 | 2014-09-26 | ヒートポンプ装置ならびに、それを備えた空気調和機、ヒートポンプ給湯機、冷蔵庫、および冷凍機 |
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US (1) | US10033325B2 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP6333395B2 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN106716820B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2016046993A1 (ja) |
Cited By (2)
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WO2019244212A1 (ja) * | 2018-06-18 | 2019-12-26 | 田中 正一 | 可変速モータ装置 |
WO2022176015A1 (ja) * | 2021-02-16 | 2022-08-25 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 電力変換装置および空気調和機 |
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WO2018067843A1 (en) | 2016-10-05 | 2018-04-12 | Johnson Controls Technology Company | Variable speed drive for a hvac&r system |
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JP5152207B2 (ja) | 2010-01-11 | 2013-02-27 | 株式会社デンソー | 多相回転機の制御装置 |
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2014
- 2014-09-26 CN CN201480082097.3A patent/CN106716820B/zh active Active
- 2014-09-26 WO PCT/JP2014/075749 patent/WO2016046993A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2014-09-26 JP JP2016549892A patent/JP6333395B2/ja active Active
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WO2012107987A1 (ja) * | 2011-02-07 | 2012-08-16 | 三菱電機株式会社 | ヒートポンプ装置、ヒートポンプシステム及び三相インバータの制御方法 |
WO2012147192A1 (ja) * | 2011-04-28 | 2012-11-01 | 三菱電機株式会社 | ヒートポンプ装置、ヒートポンプシステム及びインバータの制御方法 |
WO2012172684A1 (ja) * | 2011-06-17 | 2012-12-20 | 三菱電機株式会社 | ヒートポンプ装置、空気調和機および冷凍機 |
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WO2019244212A1 (ja) * | 2018-06-18 | 2019-12-26 | 田中 正一 | 可変速モータ装置 |
WO2022176015A1 (ja) * | 2021-02-16 | 2022-08-25 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 電力変換装置および空気調和機 |
JP7475534B2 (ja) | 2021-02-16 | 2024-04-26 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 電力変換装置および空気調和機 |
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JPWO2016046993A1 (ja) | 2017-04-27 |
CN106716820B (zh) | 2019-02-26 |
JP6333395B2 (ja) | 2018-05-30 |
US20170237380A1 (en) | 2017-08-17 |
CN106716820A (zh) | 2017-05-24 |
US10033325B2 (en) | 2018-07-24 |
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