WO2016044909A1 - Metodo para transformar uma celula de planta ou tecido de planta usando agrobacterium, planta transgenica, celula transgenica ou tecido transgenico, meio de cultura, e, uso de um metodo para transformar uma celula de planta ou tecido de planta. - Google Patents
Metodo para transformar uma celula de planta ou tecido de planta usando agrobacterium, planta transgenica, celula transgenica ou tecido transgenico, meio de cultura, e, uso de um metodo para transformar uma celula de planta ou tecido de planta. Download PDFInfo
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- C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
- C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
- C12N15/63—Introduction of foreign genetic material using vectors; Vectors; Use of hosts therefor; Regulation of expression
- C12N15/79—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts
- C12N15/82—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts for plant cells, e.g. plant artificial chromosomes (PACs)
- C12N15/8201—Methods for introducing genetic material into plant cells, e.g. DNA, RNA, stable or transient incorporation, tissue culture methods adapted for transformation
- C12N15/8202—Methods for introducing genetic material into plant cells, e.g. DNA, RNA, stable or transient incorporation, tissue culture methods adapted for transformation by biological means, e.g. cell mediated or natural vector
- C12N15/8205—Agrobacterium mediated transformation
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H4/00—Plant reproduction by tissue culture techniques ; Tissue culture techniques therefor
- A01H4/002—Culture media for tissue culture
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H4/00—Plant reproduction by tissue culture techniques ; Tissue culture techniques therefor
- A01H4/008—Methods for regeneration to complete plants
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- C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
- C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
- C12N15/63—Introduction of foreign genetic material using vectors; Vectors; Use of hosts therefor; Regulation of expression
- C12N15/79—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts
- C12N15/82—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts for plant cells, e.g. plant artificial chromosomes (PACs)
- C12N15/8201—Methods for introducing genetic material into plant cells, e.g. DNA, RNA, stable or transient incorporation, tissue culture methods adapted for transformation
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- C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
- C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
- C12N15/63—Introduction of foreign genetic material using vectors; Vectors; Use of hosts therefor; Regulation of expression
- C12N15/79—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts
- C12N15/82—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts for plant cells, e.g. plant artificial chromosomes (PACs)
- C12N15/8241—Phenotypically and genetically modified plants via recombinant DNA technology
- C12N15/8261—Phenotypically and genetically modified plants via recombinant DNA technology with agronomic (input) traits, e.g. crop yield
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- C12N5/00—Undifferentiated human, animal or plant cells, e.g. cell lines; Tissues; Cultivation or maintenance thereof; Culture media therefor
- C12N5/0018—Culture media for cell or tissue culture
- C12N5/0025—Culture media for plant cell or plant tissue culture
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- C12N2500/00—Specific components of cell culture medium
- C12N2500/30—Organic components
- C12N2500/34—Sugars
Definitions
- the present invention relates generally to plant biotechnology. More specifically, the invention relates to Agrobacterium-mediated plant transformation methods.
- Sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) Is a grassy plant belonging to the Poaceae botanical family, originating from Southeast Asia, the large central region of New Guinea and Indonesia (Daniels & Roach, 1987, Sugarcane improvement through breeding). pp. 7-84). It is one of the most important plant species grown in the tropical and subtropical regions, with an area of over 23 million hectares spread over 121 countries (FAO Statistical Yearbook 2012 p. 233).
- Plant genetic engineering involves the transfer of genes of interest into plant cells in such a way that a fertile and agronomically superior progeny that stably maintains and expresses the exogenous gene can be obtained. Therefore, one of the options is the use of in vitro cultivation techniques.
- somatic embryogenesis which consists in the production of embryos from an isolated cell or a small group of cells that, through in vitro culture, will give rise to somatic embryos.
- zygotic embryo-like structures develop from somatic cells following a sequence of characteristic stages of zygotic embryogenesis, giving rise to a plant without gamete fusion (Jimenez. 2001. Regulation of in vitro somatic embryogenis with emphasis on the role of endogenous hormones. Brazilian Journal of Plant Physiology, v. 13, p 196-223).
- somatic embryogenesis is controlled by plant growth regulators in sugarcane.
- Sugar tech, v. 7, p. 123-128 the use of somatic embryogenesis in sugarcane culture has two main objectives: the development of a reproducible method for the rapid propagation of plants and obtaining an efficient somatic embryo regeneration system used for genetic transformation.
- auxins stand out as the class of growth regulators most commonly used in the embryogenic process (Cooke et al. 1993. The role of auxin in plant embryogenesis (The Plant Cell, v. 5, pp. 1494-1495, 1993). 2,4D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) is the most commonly used growth regulator in the process of induction of somatic embryogenesis in sugarcane.
- somatic embryos into plants is the final phase of the somatic embryogenesis process. Regeneration usually occurs in medium lacking growth regulators and in the presence of light (Garcia et al. 2007. In vitro morphogenesis patterns from shoot apexes of sugarcane are determined by light and type of growth regulator. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture, Vol 90, pp.181-190; Watt et al 2009. In vitro minimal growth storage of Saccharum spp. Hybrid (genotype 88H0019) at two stages of direct somatic embryogenic regeneration Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture, v. 96 , 263-271; Suprasana, et al 2010. Profiling of culture-induced variation in sugarcane plants regenerated via direct and indirect somatic embryogenesis.
- Indirect is one in which exogenous DNA is inserted into the genome by the action of a biological vector, while the direct one is based on physicochemical processes.
- Indirect transformation is mainly based on the bacterium-mediated system of the genus Agrobacterium and has been the most widely used method for obtaining transgenic plants.
- Agrobacterium tumefaciens and A. rhizogenes are gram negative soil phytopathogenic bacteria belonging to the Rhizobiaceae family, which cause diseases in dicotyledons, known as crown hair and root hairs, respectively.
- T-DNA fragments of bacterial DNA
- the bacterium transfers T-DNA ("transferred DNA”), which is part of the bacterial plasmid called Ti (“tumor-inducing”), which integrates into the genome of infected plant cells.
- T-DNA fragment that is transferred to the plant cell are the genes involved in the constitutive biosynthesis of phytohormones (auxins and cytokines) that alter the normal tissue development program. infected, causing tumor formation. It also contains oncogenes for the synthesis of sugars and amino acids called opinas, which are responsible for the survival of the bacteria, which use them as carbon and nitrogen sources (Oger et al. 1997. Genetically engineered plants producing opines alter their biological environment). Nature Biotechnology, New York, v. 15, pp. 369-372).
- Agrobacterium also has chromosomal (chv) genes that ensure binding between bacterial and host cells, allowing the formation of the pore-passing pore of the T-containing complex (Sheng & Citovsky. 1996. Agrobacterium-plant cell DNA transport: have virulence proteins, will travei, The Plant Cell, Baltimore, v.8, pp. 1699-1710).
- chv chromosomal
- the virulence region is responsible for the transfer process, and the T - tape induction and transfer process is controlled by the coordinated expression of that region.
- the virA locus encodes a membrane protein that senses the presence of injured plant metabolites (acetoseringone). By binding to acetoseringone, "activated" VirA protein modifies VirG protein, which is also constitutively expressed, but to a lesser extent by phosphorylation of it. Phosphorylated VirG protein is responsible for inducing transcription of the entire vir region.
- the virD operon encodes endonucleases. able to recognize and cleave within the 25 bp that delimit the T-region.
- T - tape transfer is polar, always from right to left.
- the T-strand is transferred to the plant cell as a single strand, protected on the 5 'portion of the molecule by the VirD2 protein, along the T-strand by the VirE2 protein (Zambryski. 1992. Chronicle from the Agrobacterium-plant cell DNA transfer story, Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology, Palo Alto, v. 43, pp. 465-490).
- the released T-DNA is protected by single stranded bonds by the VirE2 protein, which would also be responsible for the structural organization of the strand during the pathway between the bacterial cell and the plant cell. Proteins encoded by virB loci would ensure passage through the bacterial membrane by the formation of a pore between the membrane and the cell wall (Zambryski, 1992, supra).
- the transfer process can be divided into two main stages: a bacterial stage and a eukaryotic stage that occurs in the plant cell (Zupan & Zambryski. 1995. Plant Physiology, Rockville, v. 107, p. 1041-1047).
- the bacterial stage includes the production and export of a functional vector containing the genetic information of T-DNA (Tinland. 1996. The integration of T-DNA into plant genomes. Trend in Plant Science, Kidlington, v. 1, p. 178- 183).
- the eukaryotic step includes recognition between Agrobacterium and the host cell, transduction of plant pathogenesis signals, and activation of vir genes (Sheng & Citovsky. 1996, supra).
- the wild-type T-DNA coding region can be replaced by any other DNA sequence without impairing its transfer from Agrobacterium to the plant. Replacing oncogenes with genes of interest flanked by the edges of T-DNA provides an efficient system for obtaining transgenic plants (Brasileiro & Dusi. 1999, supra).
- A. tumefaciens The vectors used for transformation via A. tumefaciens are called "unarmed,” that is, do not have the oncogenes in their plasmid, but retain the virulence genes (vir region), located in the Ti plasmid (Ream & Gelvin. 1996. Crow gall: advances in understanding interkingdon gene transfer. Saint Paul: APS Press, 148p). These plasmid constructs have plant promoters and bacterial genes that confer antibiotic resistance, making these markers efficient for the selection of transformed cells or plants. Thus, A. tumefaciens is used as a transformation vector, where the T-DNA fragment is deleted and replaced by a gene of interest (Saciloto. 2003.
- Sugar cane has characteristics that make it an excellent plant for breeding through genetic transformation, such as its ease for plant regeneration from callus in vitro (Heinz et al. 1997. Celi, tissue and organ culture in sugarcane improvement In: Reinert & Bajaj (Ed.) Applied and fundamental aspects of plant cell, tissue and organ culture Berlin: Springer Verlag, p.3-17; Irvine 1984. The frequency of marker change in sugarcane plants regenerated from callus culture Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture, Dordrecht, v. 3, no. 3, pp. 201-209; Chen et al., 1988. Control and maintenance of plant regeneration in sugarcane callus cultures. Botany, Oxford, v. 39, pp.
- the first transgenic sugarcane cells were obtained following PEG-mediated DNA transfer to protoplasts (Chen et al. 1987. Transformation of sugarcane protoplasts by direct uptake of a selectable chimeric gene. The Plant Celi Reports, New York, v.6, pp. 297-301).
- Agrobacterium-mediated transformation methods are used for genetic manipulation of sugarcane, it is widely recognized by those skilled in the art that the efficiency and reproducibility of methodologies are still challenges to be overcome.
- any plant transformation technology there are multiple factors that influence the success of the transfer of a gene of interest in plants, and their subsequent stable integration and expression.
- One of the aspects that can affect transformation success is the growth of Agrobacterium relative to transformed plant cells. It is known that if there is exacerbated growth of Agrobacterium, the chances of plant regeneration from transformed cells decrease. This may be due to Agrobacterium-induced necrosis in a process in which tissue first it undergoes a browning process and subsequently dies.
- Inoculation of a plant tissue with Agrobacterium is itself a process that triggers hypersensitivity responses, which result in poor tissue survival rate. Therefore, planning an appropriate artificial environment to minimize damage due to the interaction of plant tissue with Agrobacterium is critical to the success of genetic transformation experiments.
- WO 200109302 reports the control of Agrobacterium growth as a means of improving transformation efficiency through the use of inhibitory agents during Agrobacterium inoculation and coculture with plant tissue.
- Preferred inhibitors are compounds containing heavy metals such as silver nitrate or silver thiosulfate, antibiotics such as carbenicillin and a combination of antibiotics and a clavulanic acid such as augmentin or timetine.
- US 6,323,396 discloses a process for obtaining transgenic plants using Agrobacterium mutants deficient in the biosynthesis of specific vital biomolecules. This would allow to maintain a controlled systemic infection of the tissue to be transformed for long periods, increasing the likelihood of successful infection. Agrobacterium is eliminated by omitting those nutrients from the incubation medium.
- WO2010151634 reports co-cultivation under desiccant conditions in the absence of culture medium, mentioning that this beneficially reduces the necrosis / apoptosis of inoculated plant tissue and improves subsequent cell survival during the selection steps. and regeneration that typically follow after the co-cultivation step.
- WO 98/54961 reports antinecrotic treatments including culturing in necrosis inhibitor medium containing a ethylene or ethylene biosynthesis, heat shock treatment of cells or tissues prior to co-cultivation with Agrobacterium and transformation of grass cells, mainly maize, with genetic sequences such as p35, iap and dad-1.
- WO 01/44459 describes agents that inhibit enzyme activity or production associated with browning of plant tissues during Agrobacterium-mediated transformation such as polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (POD), metal chelators required for enzymatic activity, and sulfhydryl-containing agents (eg L-cysteine, cysteine, DTT, ascorbic acid, sodium thiosulfate and glutathione).
- PPO polyphenol oxidase
- POD peroxidase
- metal chelators required for enzymatic activity eg L-cysteine, cysteine, DTT, ascorbic acid, sodium thiosulfate and glutathione.
- sulfhydryl-containing agents eg L-cysteine, cysteine, DTT, ascorbic acid, sodium thiosulfate and glutathione.
- sulfhydryl-containing agents eg L-cysteine, cysteine,
- the present invention provides a method of genetic transformation that contributes to programs of genetic improvement and function studies of new genes, including those with complex multigene characteristics, by establishing new culture conditions during the co-culture of Agrobacterium with the plant tissue to be transformed, which result in an improvement compared to existing methods.
- the inventors believe that the method presented herein, by the advantages and unexpected effects obtained, can contribute to minimize the intrinsic limitations of genetic improvement of plants of interest, including, but not limited to, sugarcane.
- the invention provides a method for transforming a plant cell or plant tissue using Agrobacterium comprising the steps of:
- step (c) culturing the cell or tissue of step (b) in a medium comprising an agent capable of inhibiting Agrobacterium growth, and a selection agent for the transforming plant cell;
- the method further comprises regenerating transgenic plants.
- the transgenic plants are agronomically superior compared to the non-transgenic plant of the same genotype.
- the co-cultivation medium comprises the use of gelling agent concentrations above those indicated by the agar manufacturer, Agargel TM, Phytablend TM, Agargellan TM, Phytagel TM, Gelzan TM, carrageenan and gellan gum.
- the concentration of gelling agent is above at least 10g / L to agar or above at least 5g / L Agargel TM or above at least 5g / L Agargellan or above at least 9g Phytablend TM / L or above at least 2.5g / L Phytagel TM or above at least 4g / L Gelzan TM or above at least 4g / L gelan gum or above at least 10g / L carrageenan .
- the plant cell or tissue to be transformed is from a monocot plant or a dicot plant, wherein the selected monocot plant may be rice, corn, wheat, sorghum, oats, Miscanthus, barley, other grass and sugar cane.
- the invention provides a transgenic plant, transgenic cell or transgenic tissue produced by a method as defined above.
- the transgenic plant is a sugar cane.
- the invention provides a culture medium comprising the use of gelling agent concentrations above those indicated by the manufacturer.
- the culture medium comprises a higher concentration of gelling agent than commonly used in the art.
- the gelling agent selected is agar, Agargel TM, Phytablend TM, Agargellan TM, Phytagel TM, Gelzan TM, carrageenan and gellan gum, where the concentration of gelling agent is above at least 10g / L for agar.
- the co-culture medium is capable of inhibiting exacerbated Agrobacterium growth and tissue death, and / or providing a higher frequency of transformation.
- the invention provides the use of the transformation method as provided above for obtaining agronomically superior transgenic plants compared to a non-transgenic plant of the same genotype.
- Figure 1 Agrobacterium growth on sugarcane callus after three days of co-cultivation.
- A co-cultivation in 7 g / L Agargel TM;
- B co-cultivate on 28 g / L Agargel TM.
- Figure 2 Material subjected to the co-cultivation system of the present invention (28g / L Agargel TM).
- A 30 days in regeneration medium 1 with selection of 50 mg / L geneticin.
- B plants being regenerated with event traceability sixty days in medium with selection of 50 mg / L geneticin.
- Figure 3 Result of GUS histochemical evaluation for the CTC15 variety. CC7 columns: co-cultivation performed on 7 g / L Agargel TM; CC14 columns: co-cultivation performed on 14g / L Agargel TM; CC28 columns: co-cultivation performed on 28 g / L Agargel TM.
- Figure 4 Result of GUS histochemical evaluation for 9001 variety. Columns CC7: co-cultivation performed on 7g / L Agargel TM; CC28 columns: co-cultivation performed on 28 g / L Agargel TM.
- Figure 5 Result of evaluation of different concentrations of Agargel TM in co-cultivation medium in CTC15 and CTC20 varieties.
- CCO column co-cultivation performed in liquid medium
- CC7 co-cultivation performed on 7g / L Agargel TM
- CC14 co-cultivation performed on 14 g / L Agargel TM
- CC21 co-cultivation performed on 21 g / L Agargel TM
- CC28 co-cultivation performed on 28g / L Agargel TM
- CC35 co-cultivation performed on 35 g / L Agargel TM
- CC42 co-cultivation performed on 42 g / L Agargel TM
- CC49 co-cultivation performed on 49 g / L Agargel TM.
- Figure 6 Result of transformation efficiency (number of positive events / g of transformed callus) of the CTC15 variety.
- CCO column co-cultivation performed in liquid medium
- CC7 co-cultivation performed on 7g / L Agargel TM
- CC14 co-cultivation performed on 14 g / L Agargel TM
- CC21 co-cultivation performed on 21 g / L Agargel TM
- CC28 co-cultivation performed on 28g / L Agargel TM
- CC35 co-cultivation performed on 35 g / L Agargel TM
- CC42 co-cultivation performed on 42 g / L Agargel TM
- CC49 co-cultivation performed on 49 g / L Agargel TM.
- Figure 7 Result of transformation efficiency (number of positive events / g of transformed callus) of the CTC20 variety.
- CC0 column co-cultivation performed in liquid medium;
- CC7 co-cultivation performed on 7g / L Agargel TM;
- CC14 co-cultivation performed on 14 g / L Agargel TM;
- CC21 co-cultivation performed on 21 g / L Agargel TM;
- CC28 co-cultivation performed on 28g / L Agargel TM;
- CC35 co-cultivation performed on 35 g / L Agargel TM;
- CC42 co-cultivation performed on 42 g / L Agargel TM;
- CC49 co-cultivation performed on 49 g / L Agargel TM.
- Figure 8 Result of transformation efficiency (number of positive events / g of transformed callus) of CTO 5.
- Figure 9 Result of transformation efficiency (number of positive events / g of transformed callus) of the 9001 variety.
- compositions include culture media comprising components known in the field of tissue culture, and high concentrations of gelling agent.
- the culture medium of the present invention is used in plant transformation methods, resulting in improved transformation efficiencies and reduced tissue necrosis. Transformed plants, cells, tissues and seeds of transformed plants are also described herein.
- a method for transforming plants, plant tissues or plant cells is provided.
- the methods provided herein rely on Agrobacterium-mediated gene transfer to produce regenerable plant cells having the nucleotide sequence of interest.
- Agrobacterium-mediated transformation methods exploit the natural ability of Agrobacterium-like bacteria to transfer DNA into plant chromosomes.
- Agrobacterium-mediated plant transformation methods are known in the art. Any suitable method for transforming plants, most preferably sugar cane, can be used in the method of the present invention. See, for example, WO 2010151634; WO 2011163292; US 5,563,05; US 5,981,840; WO 94/00977; US 5,591,616, Negrotto et al. 2000. Plant Celi Reports 19: 798-803, Arencibia et al. 1998. Transgenic Res. 7: 123-222; Arencibia & Carmona "Sugar cane (Saccharum spp.). 2007, In Methods in Molecular Biology, Agrobacterium Protocols, Vol. 2, ed.
- the method of the invention represents an improvement in the transformation of plants and the obtaining of stably transformed plants, in particular, but not limited to sugarcane, incorporating the use of modified culture media in the co-cultivation step. .
- methods for producing regenerable plant cells having a nucleotide sequence of interest generally comprise the steps of:
- step (c) culturing said tissue or said cell from step (b) in a medium comprising an agent capable of inhibiting Agrobacterium growth, and a selection agent for the transforming plant cell;
- the method may further comprise the step of regenerating transgenic plants.
- plant refers to either the entire plant, a plant tissue, a plant part (such as an embryo), a plant cell, or a group of plant cells.
- the class of plants that may be used in the method of the invention include plants capable of being transformed by Agrobacterium, including both monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous. More preferably, the plants are monocotyledonous, and even more preferably, they are those employed as food or energy generation, such as rice, corn, rail, barley, millet, sorghum, rye, triticale, sugar cane and other species such. such as Erianthus, Miscanthus, Narenga, Sclerostachya, and Brachypodium.
- Bambusoideae eg genus Bambusa
- Andropogonoideae eg genus Saccharum, Sorghum and Zea
- Arundineae eg genus Phragmites
- Oryzoideae eg genus Oryza
- Panicoideae eg Panicum, Pennisetum and Setaria
- Pooideae Festuciadeae
- sugar cane is understood as a plant of the genus Saccharum L, preferably the species Saccharum officinarum, S. spontaneum, S. robustum, S. barberi, S. sinense, S. edule, S. aegyptiacum, S. esculentum. , S. aenicol, S. arundinaceum, S. bengalense, S. bifum rum, S.ciliare, S. cylindricum, S.elephantinum, S. exaltatum, S. fallax, S. floridulum, S. giganteum, S.
- a "control” or “control plant” provides a reference point for measuring changes in the phenotype in the genetically altered plant or plant cell. It may comprise, for example: (a) a wild-type plant or cell, that is, having the same genotype as the starting material for the genetic alteration that resulted in the altered plant or cell; (b) a plant or cell of the same genotype as the starting material but which has been transformed with a null construct (i.e.
- a construct that has no known effect with respect to the trait of interest (c) a plant or plant cell that is an unprocessed segregant within the progeny of an altered plant or plant cell; (d) a plant or plant cell genetically identical to the plant or plant cell but not exposed to conditions or stimuli that would induce expression of the gene of interest; or (e) plant or plant cell itself, under conditions in which the gene of interest is not expressed.
- step a) the plant cell or tissue is contacted with an Agrobacterium.
- This is the inoculation phase and may be for at least about one minute to about 12 hours, more preferably from about 5 minutes to about 2.5 hours, even more preferably from about 25 minutes to about 40 minutes in about 10 minutes. room temperature and with or without stirring.
- some treatments may be applied to aid infection, such as vacuum infiltration and sonication of the Agrobacterium solution.
- vacuum infiltration the tissue or plant cell in contact with the bacterial suspension is subjected to a vacuum pressure, preferably from -300 mmHg to -1000 mmHg, more preferably from 400 mmHg to 800 mmHg, even more preferably.
- the plant cell or tissue to be infected may be subjected to a temperature shock pretreatment, wherein said tissue or cell is placed in a liquid plant culture medium such as Murashige and Skook, Gamborg's, Chu (N 6 ), Schenk and Hildebrand, and others known to those skilled in the art, preheated to the temperature at which heat shock pretreatment will be conducted.
- a temperature shock pretreatment such as Murashige and Skook, Gamborg's, Chu (N 6 ), Schenk and Hildebrand, and others known to those skilled in the art, preheated to the temperature at which heat shock pretreatment will be conducted.
- the tissue or plant cell is then incubated in a greenhouse or water bath at a temperature above the temperature at which inoculation will occur (e.g., room temperature).
- the temperature of the temperature shock pretreatment may occur at a temperature of from about 30 ° C to about 55 ° C, preferably from about 35 ° C to about 50 ° C, even more preferably from about 100 ° C. about 40 ° C to 45 ° C for a period of about 1 minute to about 60 minutes, about 1 minute to about 50 minutes, about 1 minute to about 40 minutes, about 1 minute to about 30 minutes, about 1 minute to about 20 minutes, about 1 minute to about 15 minutes, about 1 minute to about 10 minutes, or about 1 minute to about 5 minutes.
- temperature shock treatment comprises placing and maintaining the tissue or plant cell in preheated liquid vegetable culture medium at a temperature of about 45 ° C for about 5 minutes.
- liquid culture medium is discarded and replaced by the Agrobacterium suspension prepared as Described below.
- the concentration of Agrobacterium useful in the methods of the invention in step a) above may vary depending on the Agrobacterium strain used, the tissue or cell to be transformed, the genotype to be transformed, among others. Although the concentration of Agrobacterium may vary, generally the OD 60 used ranges from about 0.001 to about 5, more preferably from about 0.05 to about 2, and even more preferably from about 0.1 to about 5. of 1.0.
- a variety of Agrobacterium species are known in the art which may be used in the methods of the invention. See for example, Hooykaas. 1989. Plant Mol. Biol. 13: 327; Smith, et al. 1995. Crop Science 35: 301; Chilton. 1993. Proc. Natl. Acad. Know. USA 90: 3119; Mollony et al. 1993. Monograph Theor Appl Genet NY, Springer Verlag 19: 148, Shida et al. 1996. Nature Biotechnol. 14: 745; Komari, et al. 1996. The Plant Journal 10: 165.
- examples of Agrobacterium strains include, but are not limited to, LBA4404, EHAIOI, EHA105, AGL1, C58Cl, GV3101, GV2260, and others.
- the Agrobacterium strain used in the methods of the invention is modified to contain a gene or genes of interest, or a nucleic acid to be expressed in transformed cells.
- the nucleic acid to be transferred to the plant cell is incorporated into the T-region and is flanked by T-DNA edge sequences.
- the region is distinct from the vir region, whose functions are responsible for transfer and integration.
- Binary vector systems have been developed in which unarmed T-DNA manipulated to carry foreign DNA and vir functions are present in separate plasmids.
- a modified T-DNA comprising foreign DNA (the nucleotide sequence to be transferred) is constructed into a small plasmid that replicates in E. coli.
- This plasmid is transferred by triparental conjugation to A. tumefaciens, which contains a compatible virulence gene carrier plasmid.
- the vir functions are supplied in trans for T-DNA transfer to the plant genome.
- Such binary vectors are useful in the practice of the present invention.
- plant transformation may involve the construction of an expression cassette or expression vector that will function in a particular cell.
- an expression cassette or vector may comprise DNA that includes a gene under the control of, or operably linked to, a regulatory element (e.g., a promoter).
- the expression cassette or expression vector may contain one or more genes such as operably linked combinations of genes and regulatory elements.
- the vector may be a plasmid and may be used alone or in combination with other plasmids to provide transformed cells using transformation methods to incorporate the genetic sequences of interest into the genetic material of a plant cell.
- heterologous refers to a recombinant DNA sequence or gene that does not occur naturally in the target cell or plant genome, or that occurs in the target plant transformed into a different location or different association in the genome relative to an unprocessed plant.
- a vector comprising the nucleic acid of interest is introduced into an Agrobacterium.
- the term “introduced” means to provide a nucleic acid (e.g. a gene construct, expression cassette) in a eukaryotic or prokaryotic cell.
- “Introduced” includes reference to methods of stable or transient transformation as well as sexual crossbreeding. Therefore, “introduced” includes incorporation into the cell genome (eg chromosome, plasmid, plastid, or mitochondrial DNA), converted to an autonomous replicon, or expressed transiently (eg, transfected mRNA).
- General molecular techniques used in the invention are provided, for example, by Sambrook et al. (eds.). 1989. Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, NY.
- a plant preferably a sugar cane plant
- transgenic plants can be modified to exhibit improved or superior agronomic characteristics relative to unprocessed plants of the same genotype.
- transgenic plants can be modified to express herbicide tolerant disease and insect resistance genes that confer nutritional value, increased sucrose content, fiber, plant growth influence, stress tolerance. abiotics, increase in biomass production, modification of lignin content (composition / content), sterility, among others.
- the sequence of interest to be transferred to the plant may be modified to optimize expression.
- the sequence may be modified to improve expression in a monocot plant, more preferably sugarcane.
- Methods for synthetic optimization are available in the art, for example, US 5,380,831; US 5,436,391 and Murray, et al. 1989. Nucleic Acids Res. 17: 477-498.
- Preferred codons of the target plant can be determined from the most frequent codons in the target plants of interest.
- Other modifications may be made to increase gene expression in the target plant, including, for example, the elimination of spurious polyadenylation signals, exon-intron splice signals, similar transposon repeats, among others.
- the GC content of the sequence can be adjusted to mean levels for a given target plant, calculated by reference to known genes. expressed on the target plant.
- the sequence may be modified to avoid secondary stapling structures in the mRNA.
- the nucleic acid to be transferred may be contained within DNA constructs or expression cassettes.
- the expression construct or cassette will comprise a nucleic acid-linked transcription initiation region of the gene of interest.
- Such an expression cassette is provided with a plurality of restriction sites for insertion of the gene or genes of interest such that they are under transcriptional regulation of regulatory regions.
- One or multiple expression cassettes may be used in the practice of the invention.
- the transcription initiation region, the promoter may be native or homologous or foreign or heterologous to the host.
- a chimeric gene comprises a coding sequence operably linked to the transcription initiation region, which is heterologous to the coding region.
- the cassette will include in the 5 '-3' direction of transcription: a transcription and translation initiation region, a DNA sequence of interest, a functional transcription and translation termination region in plants.
- promoters derived from a variety of sources can be used efficiently in plant cells to express genes of interest.
- promoters of bacterial origin such as the octopin synthase promoter, nopaline synthase promoter, manopine synase promoter
- viral promoters such as cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S and 19S promoters, sugarcane bacilliform virus promoter, and the like may be used.
- Plant-derived promoters include, but are not limited to, small ribulose-1,6-bisphosphate (RUBP) carboxylase subunit promoter, beta-conglycinin promoter, phaseolin promoter, alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) promoter, temperature shock, actin depolymerization factor (ADF) promoter, and tissue-specific promoters. Promoters may also contain certain elements that act as enhancers that may improve transcription efficiency. Typical enhancers include, but are not limited to, alcohol dehydrogenase intron 1 (ADH) and ADH-1 intron 6. Constitutive promoters may also be used. Constitutive promoters drive continuous gene expression in almost all cell types and almost all of the time.
- RUBP small ribulose-1,6-bisphosphate
- ADH alcohol dehydrogenase
- ADF actin depolymerization factor
- tissue-specific promoters Promoters may also contain certain elements that act as enhancers that may improve transcription efficiency. Typical enhancers include, but are not
- tissue-specific promoters are responsible for gene expression in specific cells or tissue types. Examples of tissue-specific promoters that may be used include those that are active during a particular stage of plant development. Examples of such promoters include, but are not limited to, promoters that are root, pollen, leaf, embryo specific, among others.
- an inducible promoter is responsible for gene expression in response to a specific signal, such as physical stimulation (eg heat shock genes), light (eg ribulose bis bis phosphate 1,5 carboxylase), hormones (eg glucocorticoid) , antibiotic (eg tetracycline), metabolites and stress (eg drought).
- a specific signal such as physical stimulation (eg heat shock genes), light (eg ribulose bis bis phosphate 1,5 carboxylase), hormones (eg glucocorticoid) , antibiotic (eg tetracycline), metabolites and stress (eg drought).
- Other functional transcription and translation elements in plants may be used, such as, for example, 5 'untranslated leader sequences, 3' transcription termination sequence and polyadenylate plus signal sequences.
- Plant expression cassettes may include at least one genetic marker operably linked to a regulatory element (a promoter, for example) that allows transformed cells containing the marker to be either recovered via negative selection (ie, by inhibiting the growth of cells that do not contain the marker gene of selection) or via positive selection (ie sorting for the product produced by the genetic marker).
- a regulatory element a promoter, for example
- Many gene markers suitable for plant transformation include, for example, genes encoding enzymes that metabolically detoxify a selective chemical agent which may be an antibiotic or a herbicide, or genes encoding an altered target that may be sensitive to the inhibitor.
- Some positive selection methods are known in the art.
- the selection marker gene may accordingly allow selection of transformed cells while growth of cells that do not contain the inserted DNA may be suppressed by the selection compound.
- selection marker gene occurs at the discretion of the artisan, but any of the following selection markers may be used, as well as any other gene not listed herein.
- selection markers include, but are not limited to, resistance or tolerance to kanamycin, hygromycin, bleomycin, G418, methotrexate, phosphinothricin (Bialaphos), imidazolinones, glyphosate, sulfonylureas and triazolopyrimidine herbicides such as chlorosulforon, bromoxinil, and DALAPONIN.
- reporter gene In addition to the selection marker, it may be desirable to use a reporter gene. In some cases, a reporter gene may be used without the concomitant use of a selection marker.
- Reporter genes are genes that typically offer no benefit to the recipient organism or tissue, and typically code for a protein that provides a phenotypic change or enzymatic property. Suitable reporter genes include, but are not limited to, beta-glucuronidase (GUS) gene, firefly luciferase, or fluorescent proteins such as green fluorescent protein (GFP) or yellow fluorescent protein (YFP), described in U.S. Pat. No. 7,951,923.
- GUS beta-glucuronidase
- GFP green fluorescent protein
- YFP yellow fluorescent protein
- the tissue to be contacted with Agrobacterium can be any one, such as sections or fragments of tolet or palm, leaf blade, axillary buds, stem, stem apex, leaf sheath, internodes, petioles, flower stems, root or inflorescence.
- the explant is a segment, slice or section of tissue.
- the tissue to be contacted with Agrobacterium is embryogenic callus. More preferably, the embryogenic callus is type II or III.
- Embryogenic calli may be formed from any appropriate plant tissue, preferably from a sugar cane plant. Sugarcane tissue culture is well known and follows a conventional model of callus production and plant regeneration initially described by Ho & Vasil. 1983.
- an immature tissue is used to initiate callus, such as palm hearts or meristems.
- the tissue may be injured or shredded prior to or simultaneously with contact with Agrobacterium comprising an expression vector or cassette comprising the sequence of interest.
- target cells include, but are not limited to, meristematic cells, type I, type II, and type III callus, immature embryos, and gametic cells such as pollen, microspores, eggs, and megaspores.
- Type I, II and III calli can be initiated from tissues including, but not limited to, immature embryos, apical meristems, axillary meristems, microspores and others. Those cells capable of proliferating as calli are also target cells for genetic transformation.
- Target cells can also be somatic cells, which are those cells, during normal plant development, do not contribute to its reproductive processes.
- Meristematic cells ie capable of continuous cell division and characterized by an undifferentiated cytological appearance usually found in growth points such as root tips, axillary meristems, stem apexes, lateral shoots and others
- Meristematic cells may represent another type of target cell. Due to the undifferentiated state and capacity for differentiation and totipotency, a single transformed meristem cell can regenerate an entire transformed plant.
- Suitable cell cultures can be started from various types of explants.
- the explant may be obtained from appropriate plant tissues, including the tolet or palm (set of young, rolled leaves containing the apical meristem), leaf blade, axillary buds, stem , stem apex, leaf sheath, internodes, petioles, flower stems, seeds, root or inflorescence.
- the explant is a segment, slice or section of tissue. More preferably, the explant is a section of the palm heart apical portion of young sugar cane plants.
- Explants can be obtained from plants grown in vitro, in greenhouse or in the field.
- the plants are less than about 24 months, less than about 23 months, less than about 22 months, less than about 21 months, less than about 20 months, less than about 19 months, less than about 18 months, less than about 17 months, less than about 16 months, less than about 15 months, less than about 14 months, less than about 13 months, less than about 12 months, less than about 1 lmeses, less than about 10 months, less than about 9 months, less than about 8 months, less than about 7 months, less than about 6 months, less than about 5 months, less than about 4 months less than about 3 months, less than about 2 months or less than about 1 month.
- the plants are preferably about 24-12 months, more preferably about 12-8 months, even more preferably about 4-6 months.
- Said tissue culture is generally initiated from sterile pieces of a plant such as as noted above. Many features of the explant are known to affect the efficiency of culture initiation, however, it is generally considered that young, faster-growing tissue, or tissue at an earlier stage of development, is more efficient. Explants grown on appropriate media can give rise to a disorganized mass of dividing cells (calli), which can be kept more or less indefinitely provided that periodic subcultures are made in fresh culture medium.
- the "co-cultivation” step refers to the incubation of infected plant tissue or contact with Agrobacterium on a support to allow T-DNA transfer Agrobacterium for plant cells. This stage corresponds to the period from the moment immediately after inoculation (contact of Agrobacterium with plant tissue) until the moment the bacterium is removed or inactivated. In one embodiment, co-cultivation of plant tissue with Agrobacterium occurs over a culture medium as provided by the invention.
- culture medium refers to any medium used in the art to support the viability and growth of a plant cell or tissue, or the growth of an entire plant, such as Murashige medium and Skook, Gamborg's, Chu (No. 6 ), Schenk and Hildebrand, and others known to those skilled in the art.
- Such media commonly include components defined, but not limited to: macronutrients, providing nutritional sources of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur, calcium, magnesium and iron; micronutrients such as boron, molybdenum, manganese, cobalt, chlorine, iodine and zinc; carbohydrates such as maltose, sorbitol and sucrose; phytohormones; vitamins; screening agents such as antibiotics or herbicides for selection of transformed cells or tissues; phenolic compounds (preferably those found in plant wound exudates such as acetoseringone, synapinic acid, synergic acid, ferulic acid, catechol, gallic acid, among others), antioxidants (eg dithiothreitol), and gelling agents. It may further include complex and undefined components such as casein hydrolyzate, coconut water, yeast extract and activated charcoal.
- the culture media used in the co-cultivation step is referred to herein as the "co-cultivation medium” and may be any plant tissue culture medium known in the art and comprising high concentrations of gelling agent.
- gelling agent is meant any substance that increases the viscosity of a solution without substantially modifying its properties, and includes those gelling agents commonly used in plant tissue culture such as agar, Agargel TM, Phytablend TM, Agargellan TM, carrageenan. and gellan gum (Gelzan TM, Gelrite TM, Phytagel TM).
- the inventive co-cultivation medium provides support, moisture, nutrition for plant cells, while preventing exacerbated Agrobacterium growth and the death of plant tissue.
- the culture medium of the invention comprises a higher concentration than commonly used in the art of gelling agents.
- the inventors have surprisingly found that subjecting the inoculated tissue to a co-cultivation step in co-cultivation medium comprising concentrations higher than that commonly used in the gelling agent technique, which usually correspond to the amounts indicated by the manufacturers, prevents exacerbated growth of Agrobacterium, with the positive consequence a lower death rate of inoculated plant tissue and higher frequencies of transformation.
- the composition comprises at least amounts of use above those indicated by the manufacturer, defined herein as above at least 10g / L for agar or above at least 5g / L Agargel TM or above at least 5g / L Agargellan or above at least 9g / l Phytablend TM or above at least 2.5g / l Phytagel TM or above at least 4g / l Gelzan TM or above at least 4g / l gelan gum or above at least 10 g / l carrageenan. More preferably, the concentration of Agargel TM ranges from 7 to 70 g / l, more preferably from 7 to 60 g / l, and most preferably from 7 to 50 g / l.
- the inoculated tissue may be co-cultured for about 1 to 30 days, preferably from 1 to 20, more preferably from 1 to 10, and even more preferably from 1 to 5 days.
- the temperature may be any suitable temperature for the target plant known in the art.
- the temperature may range from about 15 ° C to about 30 ° C, from about 16 ° C to about 29 ° C, from about 20 ° C to about 25 ° C. C, from about 21 ° C to about 24 ° C, or about 22 ° C to about 23 ° C.
- the co-cultivation step occurs in the absence of light.
- the transformed cells may be subjected to a resting step.
- resting refers to a step in which plant cells, for example embryogenic callus, are incubated upon introduction of the sequence of interest by Agrobacterium-mediated infection. Resting allows preferential growth of a callus from transformed cells containing the sequence of interest, and is usually performed in the absence of selective pressure.
- the transformed plant tissue is subjected to a rest medium which typically includes a agent (e.g. antibiotic) that inhibits Agrobacterium growth.
- agents e.g. antibiotic
- Such agents are known in the art and include cefotaxime, timetin, vancomycin, carbenicillin, and the like. The concentrations of said agent will vary as per the standard for each antibiotic. The skilled artisan will recognize that the concentration of the Agrobacterium inhibitory agent can be optimized for a particular transformation protocol without undue experimentation.
- the period of the rest step may be from about 1 to about 30 days, preferably from about 1 to about 20 days, and even more preferably from about 5 to about 15 days.
- the temperature may be any temperature suitable for the target plant known in the art. Illustratively, for sugar cane, the temperature may range from about 15 ° C to about 30 ° C, from about 6 ° C to about 29 ° C, from about 17 ° C to about 28 ° C from about 21 ° C to about 27 ° C, or about 26 ° C to about 27 ° C.
- the resting step occurs in the absence of light.
- the method provided herein further includes selecting cells comprising at least one copy of the genetic sequence of interest (step d).
- Select as used herein means the situation in which a selective agent is used for transformants, wherein said selective agent will allow preferential growth of plant cells containing at least one copy of the marker gene positioned within the T-DNA. and transferred by Agrobacterium to the detriment of those cells that were not transformed. As indicated above, any suitable selection marker may be used. In some embodiments, it is added It is also an agent that inhibits the growth of Agrobacterium. Selection can occur under light or dark conditions, depending on the plant species being transformed, and the genotype, for example. In some cases, embryogenic callus or other tissues undergoing transformation may be subcultured at regular or irregular intervals in the same medium.
- the selection step occurs in the dark for about 1 to 10 weeks, more preferably from 2 to 5 weeks, even more preferably from 2 to 4 weeks, and most preferably from 2 to 3 weeks.
- plant tissue which has continued to grow in the presence of the selection agent, and which has therefore been genetically modified, can be manipulated and regenerated by placing it in suitable culture media and growth conditions.
- the transgenic plants thus obtained can be tested for the presence of the DNA of interest.
- the term "regenerate” for purposes of this invention refers to the formation of a plant, which includes an aerial part and roots. Regeneration of various species is well known in the art. Regenerated plants can be planted on suitable substrate, such as soil.
- “genetically modified” or “transgenic” or “stably transformed” means a plant cell, plant part, plant tissue or plant comprising a DNA sequence of interest that is introduced into its genome by means of transformation.
- the "transformation efficiency" or “transformation frequency” can be measured by the number of transformed cells (or regenerated transgenic plants, or number of events). positive) that are recovered under experimental conditions.
- the transformation frequency may be expressed as the number of positive events obtained per gram of callus subjected to transformation.
- Tissue Culture is generally used for plant transformation by generating potentially transformable cells capable of plant regeneration. Maintaining tissue culture requires the use of culture media (nutrient mix and phytoregulators for in vitro cell growth and maintenance) and controlled environmental conditions.
- culture media nutrient mix and phytoregulators for in vitro cell growth and maintenance
- the explant tissue used in the present sugarcane transformation process is embryogenic callus.
- transverse sections about 0.05 -5mm thick were cut from the region above the meristem under aseptic conditions. The sections were placed on the surface of the SCIM culture medium. The cultures were kept in the dark at 26 ⁇ 2 ° C and subcultured every 15 days for three to five 7-28 day fives. each. One week before transformation, calli were again selected for embryogenic characteristics (nodular, compact, opaque and slightly yellowish, slightly variable characteristics between different genotypes).
- Agrobacterium culture comprising strain EHA105 (Hood et al. 1993. New Agrobacterium helper plasmids for gene transfer to plants. Transgenic Research, v. 2, p. 208-218) with the UBIGUS / UBInptII genes, was It is started from a glycerol stock kept at -80 ° C in solid LB plus the appropriate antibiotics. This culture was kept in the dark at 28 ° C for two to three days. The Agrobacterium suspension to infect the plant material was prepared by resuspending the culture in 1 ⁇ 2 MS liquid medium plus 200 ⁇ ac of acetoseringone, adjusting to a final OD 100 of 0.1-1.0.
- the calli with embryogenic characteristics were visually selected and directly transferred to the Agrobacterium suspension, where they remained for 30 minutes in the dark with constant agitation of 50 rpm.
- callus prior to infection, callus may be subjected to treatment in 1 ⁇ 2 MS liquid medium at about 45 ° C for about 5 minutes.
- This step was performed in liquid or solidified SCIM culture medium (Table 1) with 7; 14; 21; 28; 35; 42 or 49g / L Agargel TM, weighing between 0.5-10g callus per plate (100 x 20mm). Co-cultivation was carried out for a period of 1-5 days at 22 ° C in the dark.
- callus was transferred to DT rest medium (Table 1) plus bacteriostatic Timentim® at a concentration of 200mg / L to control unwanted growth of Agrobacterium ( Figure 1).
- the rest period was 5-14 days at 26 ° C in the dark.
- a significant portion of the callus (close to 50 units) was subjected to GUS histochemical assay to detect transient reporter gene expression and process monitoring ( Figures 3 -5).
- the endogenous gene used as a normalizer was polyubiquitin. Reactions were performed in multiplex format using TaqMan probe for copy number detection. Transformation efficiency was calculated by the ratio of the number of positive events to the number (in grams) of transformed callus in each experiment ( Figures 6-9). Plant tracking was maintained to avoid event subcloning. The set of tests performed to obtain the presented results produced a total of 526 independent events analyzed by the qPCR technique.
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US15/514,377 US10774335B2 (en) | 2014-09-26 | 2015-09-16 | Method for transforming a plant cell or plant tissue using agrobacterium, transgenic plant, transgenic cell or transgenic tissue, culture medium and use of a method for transforming a plant cell or tissue |
CN201580064278.8A CN107002030B (zh) | 2014-09-26 | 2015-09-16 | 使用土壤杆菌来转化植物细胞或植物组织的方法、转基因植物、转基因细胞或转基因组织、培养基及转化植物细胞或组织的方法的应用 |
BR112017005441-8A BR112017005441B1 (pt) | 2014-09-26 | 2015-09-16 | Método para transformar uma célula de planta ou tecido de planta usando agrobacterium, meio de cultura, e, uso de um método |
AU2015321438A AU2015321438B8 (en) | 2014-09-26 | 2015-09-16 | Method for transforming a plant cell or plant tissue using Agrobacterium, transgenic plant, transgenic cell or transgenic tissue, culture medium and use of a method for transforming a plant cell or tissue |
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CN110904144B (zh) * | 2019-09-18 | 2022-03-22 | 四川农业大学 | 一种利用发根农杆菌诱导产生鸭茅毛状根的方法 |
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CN116042694A (zh) * | 2022-11-24 | 2023-05-02 | 中国科学院南京土壤研究所 | 禾本科狼尾草属植物非组培遗传转化方法 |
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