WO2016044631A1 - Procédé et machine pour la production d'une composition de biocombustible à faible taux d'émission à partir de déchets - Google Patents

Procédé et machine pour la production d'une composition de biocombustible à faible taux d'émission à partir de déchets Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016044631A1
WO2016044631A1 PCT/US2015/050755 US2015050755W WO2016044631A1 WO 2016044631 A1 WO2016044631 A1 WO 2016044631A1 US 2015050755 W US2015050755 W US 2015050755W WO 2016044631 A1 WO2016044631 A1 WO 2016044631A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
waste material
machine
waste
size reduction
solid fuel
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2015/050755
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Timothy BUMGARNER
Joseph Kempf
Original Assignee
V35A Enterprises, Llc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US14/489,446 external-priority patent/US9499757B2/en
Application filed by V35A Enterprises, Llc filed Critical V35A Enterprises, Llc
Publication of WO2016044631A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016044631A1/fr

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L5/00—Solid fuels
    • C10L5/40—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin
    • C10L5/46—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin on sewage, house, or town refuse
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel

Definitions

  • the present disclosure is related to machines and methods of converting waste materials into burnable fuel. More specifically, the present disclosure is directed to a machine and method of making a low emission biomass fuel composition from treated waste material.
  • the present disclosure is directed to a novel machine and method for the production of a biomass composition from waste materials, such as landfill waste, industrial waste, construction waste, municipal garbage, biowaste including, but not limited to, switch grass, forest litter, paper waste, peat, cane waste, and other compostable garbage.
  • waste materials such as landfill waste, industrial waste, construction waste, municipal garbage, biowaste including, but not limited to, switch grass, forest litter, paper waste, peat, cane waste, and other compostable garbage.
  • the method includes the steps of evaluating the waste material for emissions related factors, treating and processing the evaluated waste material with a machine to form a low emissions biomass composition and shaping the biomass composition into solid fuel structures.
  • a machine is used to treat and process the waste material including the steps of sizing selected waste materials, blending the sized waste materials with an additive formulated specifically for the waste material and forming the blended waste materials into biomass fuel formations.
  • the resulting biomass formations produce lower emissions than typically produced by coal and may be used as a replacement for coal, or as an additive to be combined with coal, in coal burning structures and devices.
  • Figure 1 A is a flow chart illustrating the steps involved in the process of making a low emission biomass composition.
  • Figure IB is a flow chart illustrating the steps for the treatment of waste materials within the process of making low emission biomass composition.
  • Figure 2 is a flow chart illustrating the steps and mechanisms involved in the process of making low emission solid fuel formations in more detail.
  • waste material and “waste materials” are defined as any waste materials, such as landfill waste, industrial waste, construction waste, municipal garbage, biowaste including switch grass, forest litter, paper waste, peat, cane waste, and other compostable garbage.
  • emission or “emissions” are defined as environmentally undesirable gas byproducts of combustion, including greenhouse gases, carbon gases, and actually and potentially toxic or environmentally detrimental gases.
  • emission sponge is defined as a material that absorbs toxic emissions and spent fuel and re-burns the spent fuel resulting in reduced carbon emissions and reduced actual and potential toxic or environmentally negative emissions from the fuel.
  • Emission sponges include, but are not limited to, salt, sea salt, baking powder, calcium from sea shells, rice, rice by-product, their equivalents, and combinations thereof.
  • the emission sponge is preferably salt, sea salt or combinations thereof.
  • filler is defined as a material that acts as a mechanical bond within the waste material to fill voids. Fillers include natural products that would provide a mechanical bond between the waste material particles. These materials include flour, such as, soy flour, wheat flour, and rice flour, rice, oats, potatoes, their equivalents and combinations thereof.
  • BTU modifier is defined as a material that can hold or transfer heat.
  • BTU modifiers include, but are not limited to, steel slag, coal fines, iron powder, their equivalents, and, combinations thereof.
  • the present disclosure provides a novel method for the production of a biomass fuel composition from waste materials.
  • the raw input waste typically is municipal waste materiel that has been somewhat pre-processed before final disposal. Magnets may be used to help prevent undesired metal from entering the machine. Again, typically presorting is minimal because waste is commonly presorted prior to final disposal.
  • the waste is evaluated for emissions related factors and burn characteristics. This evaluation informs the machine operator as to the appropriate quantities of additive and the how to set various settings on the machine.
  • the method for the production of a biomass fuel composition from waste materials includes the steps of evaluating (10) selected waste material for emissions related factors, treating (20) the evaluated waste material to adjust the emission levels of the biomass composition, and forming (30) the biomass composition into solid fuel formations.
  • the solid fuel formations resulting from this method will typically produce lower gas emission than coal alone.
  • the solid fuel formations may be used in place of, or combined with coal, in fuel burning structures and devices.
  • the evaluation step (10) information regarding certain properties of a selected starting waste material is gathered. These properties include the moisture/water content of the waste material, the gas emission levels released by the untreated waste material when it is burned, and the BTU levels produced by the untreated waste material when it is burned. The emission levels and BTU levels are then compared to the predetermined target levels for each property and used to formulate an additive used to produce a biomass fuel composition that displays target properties.
  • the moisture/water content of the untreated waste material will vary greatly but is preferably between 12.0% and 25.0%> by weight and most preferably between 18.0% and 23.0% by weight. If the water content of the waste material needs to be increased, water will be added to the waste material during the treatment stage. If the water content is determined to be too high, additional waste material may be added to reduce the percentage of water in the waste material. Alternatively, the waste material may be dried until the water content is within the acceptable range.
  • the gas emission level of the untreated waste material is adjusted to its target level through the addition of an additive during the treatment step.
  • the additive package may include an emission sponge, a filler and an optional BTU modifier.
  • the formulation of a specific additive is determined by modifying batches of the untreated waste material with emission sponge, filler and optionally, BTU modifier until the target levels are achieved. For example, if the waste material is municipal garbage and it produces emissions higher than desired, the specific amount of emission sponge needed to lower the gas emission to the target level is calculated and included in the additive composition formulated for the municipal garbage. Likewise, if a BTU rating of a municipal garage sample is less than a desired amount, a BTU modifier is included in the additive to adjust the BTU rating of the municipal waste. The amount of BTU modifier needed to increase the BTU rating of the garbage is calculated and included in the additive composition formulated for the municipal garbage.
  • the amount of emission sponge is preferably between 0.1 % to 10.0% by weight, and most preferably between 1.5% to 3.0% by weight, and, the amount of filler is preferably between 0.1% to 6.0% by weight, and most preferably between 1.0%> to 3.0%> by weight.
  • a BTU modifier will not be needed in the additive because the coal will serve as a BTU modifier.
  • the amount of emission sponge included in the additive composition may be overloaded to provide emission reduction for the waste material and the coal with which it will be blended.
  • the amount of BTU modifier present in the additive is preferably between 0.1% to 50.00% by weight, and most preferably between 3.0% to 5.0% by weight.
  • the treating step (20) further comprises size reduction (22) of the selected waste materials soaking and blending (24) the sized waste materials with the additive composition formulated specifically for the waste material.
  • An additional second size reduction (26) step may be necessary depending on the particle size of the biomass composition.
  • the waste material after the evaluation step, the waste material must be sized (120) to ensure the diameter of the waste material particles are uniform and not greater than one half inch. If the waste material particles have been pre-sized to fall within these parameters, a first size reduction is not needed. If, however, the waste material is irregular in shape and includes particles greater than one half inch in diameter, the particles are introduced to a hopper (100). Typically, a front-end-loader places the waste material into the hopper.
  • the hopper has a means, such as gates, meters or sized openings to control the flow of the waste material onto a conveyor belt or similar physical conveyor. In alternative embodiments, multiple hoppers may be used to allow for the automatic and independent control of waste materials and additives entering the machine.
  • each hopper is controlled via gates, meters, or openings to control the ratio of each hopper's content in the blend.
  • multiple conveyors are used and the speed of the conveyor controls the ratio of materials sent to the size reduction device.
  • the size reduction device (120) cuts and grinds the material to form uniform waste material particles not greater than one half inch in diameter and preferably between one half inch and one quarter inch in diameter.
  • a load metering device or similar device monitors the effort involved in the shredding process and controls the intake of material.
  • the machine can support an optional electric generator and lights and an air compressor, which are sometimes desirable features.
  • the speed and torque of the shredder is adjustable and can be changed to best deal with material being fed into the machine.
  • an exchangeable set of gears are used to alter speed/torque so as to address variable bulk density of waste materials.
  • the sized waste material leaves the shredder and is moved by an auger or conveying device (130) into soaking area.
  • the soaking area has a rotating auger, which both stirs the waste material and moves it toward the next processing step.
  • the soaking area has an opening to allow the addition of the additive.
  • the additive is metered and falls into the sized material.
  • Metering may be accomplished using a pellet meter or dosing unit (140), or may be tied to the auger speed, or may be controlled by gate sizes, or may be tied to the speed of the conveyor(s) from the hopper(s). This entire operation of dosing and soaking may also be accomplished in the rotating auger listed earlier in this paragraph.
  • the material and additive(s) are blended at a temperature of at least 130 degrees Fahrenheit, but preferably at least 135 degrees Fahrenheit, for at least one minute.
  • a temperature of at least 130 degrees Fahrenheit but preferably at least 135 degrees Fahrenheit, for at least one minute.
  • Nozzles (150) located along the auger path, add water or blow air to alter moisture levels in materials.
  • Heat is added, if necessary, by a heating element (160), preferably heating coils and recycled heat from the process.
  • the material may be passed by fixed magnets to remove unwanted ferrous metal, the treated waste composition is then fed into a size reduction device, such as a hammer mill (170) for further mechanical blending for a more uniformed distribution of components in the composition and additional size reduction until the size of the waste material particles is not greater than one quarter inch.
  • a size reduction device such as a hammer mill (170) for further mechanical blending for a more uniformed distribution of components in the composition and additional size reduction until the size of the waste material particles is not greater than one quarter inch.
  • a sizing screen is used to be sure larger material does not move past the hammermill.
  • the hammermill can be set by the machine operator to produce coarse or fine treated biomass composition.
  • the treated biomass composition is then fed toward the next step by a device such as an auger (180). It falls into a press (190), such as a rotary press or roller press, and is formed into pellets, briquettes, spheres or other desired shapes.
  • a press such as a rotary press or roller press
  • the treated biomass composition falls directly from the hammermill, which is located above the press, and into the press under the control of gravity alone. Adjustments in the pressure applied by the press on the treated biomass composition in the formation of the solid fuel formations may be used to further adjust the BTU ratings and the bulk density.
  • the resulting solid formations may then be used directly as fuel.
  • An optional step of spraying the solid fuel formations with a coating may be used.
  • a sprayer coats the solid fuel formations using a liquid starch, gel, or other spray-able coatings. This protects the solid fuel formations during transportation and storage, preserves the shape of the formations, and reduces any release of undesired odors.
  • the additive composition may be blended with the waste material at any point in the process prior to the shaping step, it is preferably blended into the waste material particulates following the first sizing step.
  • the resulting biomass composition comprises between 3.2% to 56.00% by weight additive composition by weight and burns cleaner and more fully than conventional coal or blended biofuels as shown below.
  • the machine may have other features and enhancements that improve the overall operation of the machine or enhance its value in a particular circumstance. The machine operates at general atmospheric pressures and does not require the removal of oxygen or any gases.
  • Removable access panels may be provided throughout the machine so as to allow easier repair.
  • a diversion flap may be provided to allow the removal of unwanted materials without further processing.
  • Nuts and bolts are used when possible to allow easier access and maintenance. Sizing blades can be replaced or removed and resharpened. Due to the nature of the service of the machine, many parts will need to be made of hardened steel or similar materials.
  • the machine is scalable. This would allow for a machine to be built to fit on a single truck- trailer or in a standard shipping container. If additional capacity if desired, the machine could be scaled and built as a static device. In one embodiment, the machine is portable and scaled to fit on a single self-contained and moveable platform. This would allow movement of the machine without any disassembly.
  • the machine is a complete system so it is only necessary to handle garbage or waste material once. So, garbage goes in and fuel comes out.
  • the machine executes the process without additional human interaction.
  • the machine- is controlled via a single central control panel.
  • Waste material is selected and evaluated for moisture level, BTU levels and emissions levels.
  • An additive composition comprising sea salt and soy flour is formulated based upon the desired BTU and emissions levels.
  • the waste material is then deposited into a hopper (100), which, using a conveyance device (110), feeds the waste material into a shredder (120), and waste materials pass through a shredder (120) to produce waste material particles having a diameter not greater than one half inch.
  • a conveyance device 110
  • waste materials pass through a shredder (120) to produce waste material particles having a diameter not greater than one half inch.
  • the additive composition comprising the emission sponge, BTU modifier and filler is then added by an additive metering system (140) to the waste material particles until they are coated with the additive composition.
  • the coated waste material particles are then transferred into an area or other receiving container for further treatment and the moisture content and temperature of the mixture is determined.
  • the moisture content of the coated particulate matter is less than 12.0% by weight
  • water is added by nozzles (150) until the moisture content of the waste material particles is preferably between 18.0 to 23% by weight.
  • the waste material and additive composition are then allowed to soak at temperature and for a time sufficient to destroy most biological agents, typically at a temperature of at least 130 degrees Fahrenheit, but preferably at least 135 degrees Fahrenheit, for at least one minute. If the temperature of the mixture is less than 130 degrees F, the temperature of the mixture is increased with an external heating device until the mixture reaches a temperature of at least 130 degrees Fahrenheit and allowed to soak for at least one minute. This step kills biological contaminants and accelerates breakdown of the mechanical bonds within the waste materials.
  • the waste material particles are coated with a corresponding additive composition formulation following the first size reduction then transferred into a vat or similar container.
  • the water content and temperature of the waste material particles is measured and adjusted so that the water content is at least 12% by weight and the temperature is at least 130 degrees Fahrenheit, but preferably at least 135 degrees Fahrenheit.
  • the size of the waste material particles are then reduced a second time by passing the coated particulates through a hammer mill (170) or similar size reduction device until the diameter of the waste material particulates is not greater than one half inch, but preferably not greater than one quarter inch.
  • the milled waste material particulate and additive composition mixture is then transferred to the press.
  • the press then forms the material into desired solid fuel formations such as pellets, briquettes, and spheres.
  • the resulting fuel formations may then be coated with starch for product stabilization.
  • the scope of the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described herein. Rather, the claim should be looked to in order to judge the full scope of the invention.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un procédé et une machine novateurs pour la production d'une composition de biomasse à partir de déchets, comprenant les étapes consistant à évaluer les déchets en ce qui concerne les facteurs liés aux émissions, à traiter les déchets évalués à l'aide de la composition additive pour constituer une composition de biomasse à faibles taux d'émissions et à former la composition de biomasse en formations de combustibles solides. La présente invention concerne en outre une composition additive utilisée dans le traitement de déchets qui comprend une substance d'absorption d'émissions, une charge et un modificateur BTU éventuel. L'étape de traitement comprend les étapes consistant à calibrer des déchets sélectionnés, à mélanger les déchets calibrés avec la composition additive formulée spécifiquement pour les déchets et à former, à l'aide d'une presse, les déchets mélangés en formations de combustibles solides. Les formations de biocombustibles solides obtenues produisent de plus faibles émissions que celles généralement produites par le charbon et peuvent être mélangées au charbon, ou utilisées à la place de celui-ci dans des structures et des dispositifs de combustion du charbon.
PCT/US2015/050755 2014-09-17 2015-09-17 Procédé et machine pour la production d'une composition de biocombustible à faible taux d'émission à partir de déchets WO2016044631A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US14/489,446 US9499757B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2014-09-17 Method and machine for the production of a low emission biomass fuel composition from waste materials
US14/489,446 2014-09-17

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2016044631A1 true WO2016044631A1 (fr) 2016-03-24

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PCT/US2015/050755 WO2016044631A1 (fr) 2014-09-17 2015-09-17 Procédé et machine pour la production d'une composition de biocombustible à faible taux d'émission à partir de déchets

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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2010060617A2 (fr) * 2008-11-25 2010-06-03 Kerry Biomass Technology Limited Système de formation de pastilles
US20100300368A1 (en) * 2009-05-26 2010-12-02 American Pellet Supply Llc Pellets and briquets from compacted biomass
US8137444B2 (en) * 2009-03-10 2012-03-20 Calera Corporation Systems and methods for processing CO2

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2010060617A2 (fr) * 2008-11-25 2010-06-03 Kerry Biomass Technology Limited Système de formation de pastilles
US8137444B2 (en) * 2009-03-10 2012-03-20 Calera Corporation Systems and methods for processing CO2
US20100300368A1 (en) * 2009-05-26 2010-12-02 American Pellet Supply Llc Pellets and briquets from compacted biomass
US20140173976A1 (en) * 2009-05-26 2014-06-26 American Pellet Supply Llc Pellets and briquets from compacted biomass

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