WO2005063946A1 - Procede et appareil de traitement de dechets organiques melanges - Google Patents

Procede et appareil de traitement de dechets organiques melanges Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2005063946A1
WO2005063946A1 PCT/GB2004/003157 GB2004003157W WO2005063946A1 WO 2005063946 A1 WO2005063946 A1 WO 2005063946A1 GB 2004003157 W GB2004003157 W GB 2004003157W WO 2005063946 A1 WO2005063946 A1 WO 2005063946A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
waste
mixed
treated
organic waste
treatment
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB2004/003157
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Peter Hood
Original Assignee
Iwi (Holdings) Limited
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from PCT/GB2003/005687 external-priority patent/WO2004060587A1/fr
Application filed by Iwi (Holdings) Limited filed Critical Iwi (Holdings) Limited
Publication of WO2005063946A1 publication Critical patent/WO2005063946A1/fr
Priority to GB0605977A priority Critical patent/GB2431155B/en

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
    • C02F11/10—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by pyrolysis
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
    • C02F11/12—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening
    • C02F11/16—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening using drying or composting beds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C05F17/70—Controlling the treatment in response to process parameters
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C05F17/90—Apparatus therefor
    • C05F17/993—Arrangements for measuring process parameters, e.g. temperature, pressure or humidity
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L5/00—Solid fuels
    • C10L5/40—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L5/00—Solid fuels
    • C10L5/40—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin
    • C10L5/44—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin on vegetable substances
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L5/00—Solid fuels
    • C10L5/40—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin
    • C10L5/46—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin on sewage, house, or town refuse
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B1/00—Preliminary treatment of solid materials or objects to facilitate drying, e.g. mixing or backmixing the materials to be dried with predominantly dry solids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B21/00—Arrangements or duct systems, e.g. in combination with pallet boxes, for supplying and controlling air or gases for drying solid materials or objects
    • F26B21/06—Controlling, e.g. regulating, parameters of gas supply
    • F26B21/08—Humidity
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B3/00—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat
    • F26B3/18—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by conduction, i.e. the heat is conveyed from the heat source, e.g. gas flame, to the materials or objects to be dried by direct contact
    • F26B3/20—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by conduction, i.e. the heat is conveyed from the heat source, e.g. gas flame, to the materials or objects to be dried by direct contact the heat source being a heated surface, e.g. a moving belt or conveyor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B3/00—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat
    • F26B3/32—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by development of heat within the materials or objects to be dried, e.g. by fermentation or other microbiological action
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
    • C02F2209/24—CO2
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B2200/00—Drying processes and machines for solid materials characterised by the specific requirements of the drying good
    • F26B2200/04—Garbage
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/141—Feedstock
    • Y02P20/145—Feedstock the feedstock being materials of biological origin
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
    • Y02W10/40—Valorisation of by-products of wastewater, sewage or sludge processing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse

Definitions

  • mixing it is meant that at least two separate sources of waste are collected and fed into the treatment vessel in controlled relative quantities by weight.
  • the waste from the two different sources may be mixed in a mixing device or in a shredder or they maybe mixed during agitation in the treatment vessel.
  • the mixed organic waste is treated by microbial activity. This may be referred to as digestion.
  • the term 'digestion' is used herein to indicate the microbial breakdown of at least some of the organic matter to produce heat. This breakdown is accelerated by changes in the physical nature of the waste.
  • the microbial activity is bacterial activity.
  • the microbial activity is aerobic.
  • the treatment process is preferably carried out using bacteria in the thermophyllic phase, which normally occurs in the temperature range 60°C - 75°C, most preferably around 63°C - 70°C. In this phase, very rapid digestion occurs with the production of heat. It is found that the reaction in the thermophyllic phase is much quicker than the commonly used mesophyllic phase which occurs in the range 30°C - 38°C.
  • thermophyllic phase results in the natural generation of heat which breaks down the mixed organic waste to produce a material which is suitable for processing to provide a fuel or compost.
  • the reaction will almost always provide sufficient heat to maintain itself without provision of supplementary heat.
  • chemical mixing of the waste can lead to an increase in temperature which assists the commencement of the microbial activity.
  • the oxygen level in the gas which is contact with the mixed solid waste being treated does not fall below 5% by volume.
  • the treatment vessel is not normally filled completely, so there is a gas space above the mixed solid waste being treated.
  • the oxygen content in this gas space is suitably measured.
  • the skilled person will be aware of suitable techniques for measuring oxygen content.
  • the moisture level may also be measured, as described below.
  • the oxygen content (and, optionally moisture level) of gas removed from the treatment vessel is measured. This is a particularly convenient arrangement.
  • the gas in the space will typically comprise atmospheric nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide and water vapour.
  • the gas in the space can, according to the present invention, contain no methane, ammonia or hydrogen sulphide, as the microbial activity is carried out in the thermophyllic phase..
  • the air can be supplied to the treatment vessel. Air can be supplied continuously throughout at least part of the process or in discrete inputs of air.
  • the air can be supplied by some form of forced draught.
  • a fan may be provided.
  • the fan may blow air into the treatment vessel.
  • extraction means are provided for withdrawing gas from the treatment vessel, it may be replaced by air supplied through at least one duct. Air can be supplied to the treatment vessel intermittently, but it is preferably supplied substantially continuously.
  • the moisture level may maintained below the dew point by supplying air which has a moisture level below the dew point of the mixed solid waste being treated at the temperature of treatment.
  • air which has a moisture level below the dew point of the mixed solid waste being treated at the temperature of treatment.
  • normal fresh air may be used.
  • dried air having a moisture level below the moisture level of ambient air, may be used.
  • the main process features which maintain the oxygen level within the required range can also be used to maintain the moisture level within the required range.
  • the waste should be agitated while it is being digested.
  • This provides further breakdown the mixed solid waste and mixing to ensure that microbes are spread throughout the material. It also exposes different parts of the mixed solid waste to the gas to ensure access of oxygen to the waste and drying of the waste by the gas.
  • Agitation may take place by any suitable means, but it is particularly preferred that the digestion takes place in a rotating aerobic drum.
  • the drum may be rotated at any suitable rate, and suitably completes one revolution in a time range of 1 minute to 10 minutes, preferably 2-5 minutes, most preferably about 3 minutes. However, a higher rate of rotation may be used during loading and unloading, in order to assist these operations. Typically, the speed can be increased to one revolution per minute during loading and unloading.
  • the drum preferably comprises a substantially parallel sided circular section cylinder.
  • the axis of the cylinder may be inclined to the horizontal, for example at an angle in the range 3° - 10° most preferably 5° - 8°, to provide gravitational flow through the drum.
  • drums Any suitable size of drum may be provided, depending upon the rate of consumption of mixed organic waste . It has been found that, for a processing rate of about 250-500 tonnes per day, a drum of diameter in the range 3.5 - 6m, preferably 4-6m most preferably around 5.5m should be used. The length should be in the range from 6 to 10 times the diameter, most preferably about 8 times the diameter, suitably up to 40m.
  • the drum may be used of any suitable material, for example mild steel.
  • the drum is filled to a high level with waste, being preferably initially 75% to 90%> full by volume. This leads to increased attrition, rapid heat generation and also to efficient use of plant .
  • Average residence time of mixed solid waste in the treatment vessel is suitably in the range 18-60 hours, more preferably around 24 to 48 hours, most preferably around 36 hours
  • One unloading operation or loading operation is preferably spaced from the following unloading or loading operation respectively by a period in the range 2-8 hours, preferably 3-5 hours, most preferably around 4 hours.
  • the volume of the material may decrease by as much as 25%o.
  • the gas space over the material will accordingly increase.
  • the waste material should be discharged from the treatment vessel at a stage at which the treated waste material is sufficiently digested and sufficiently dry. This typically occurs after a period of about 48 hours. By restricting residence time to 48 hours or less, additional loss of carbon can be reduced.
  • some parameters of the mixed organic waste fed to the digestion step are preferably controlled.
  • the mixed organic waste is preferably treated in a first process before aerobic digestion to remove particles of size in excess of 60mm, more preferably 50mm.
  • This process may comprise a first step in which very large objects are removed, for example by hand or by sieving and a second step in which the remaining material is treated to reduce its particle size, for example by shredding.
  • the person skilled in the art will be able to obtain suitable shredding apparatus.
  • the mixed organic waste may be subjected to an operation to reduce its particle size, for example by shredding without initially removing oversized particles.
  • the shredding operation is particularly significant, as it mixes the material thoroughly, spreading the microbial culture throughout the material and initiating a thermophyllic reaction, very quickly.
  • process water maybe preferably added in controlled quantities.
  • This process water is preferably waste water from water treatment, most preferably dewatered sewage sludge. This material has a high nitrogen content and acts as a catalyst for the microbial reaction.
  • control of the moisture level is obtained by blending mixed organic waste with other waste of a lower average moisture level. It is found that mixed domestic waste typically has a moisture level in excess of 50%o by weight. Agricultural waste may have a moisture level in excess of 75%o by weight and sometimes 80%> by weight, particularly in tropical or sub-tropical countries for crops such as bananas and pineapples. Finally, commercial waste from offices and factories is typically much drier, having a moisture level in the range 10%) - 30% by weight.
  • the moisture level of waste fed to the digester may be manipulated by altering the mixing ratios of different types of waste. It is required that at least part of the waste fed to the digester has a moisture level in the range 40-75%> by weight, preferably 55 to 65% by weight in order to promote the faster thermophyllic reaction. However, part of the waste fed to the digester may comprise a relatively dry commercial waste. The heat generated by the digestion of the moist waste is sufficient to treat the whole of the waste fed to the treatment vessel. However, during the agitation process, the commercial and domestic waste are slowly mixed together reducing the overall moisture content of the mixture, so that at the end of the processing, the moisture level does not exceed 45% by weight and preferably does not exceed 25% by weight.
  • Solid waste with higher moisture level may be blended with solid waste with lower moisture level in blending apparatus in a controlled manner.
  • the relative quantities of different types of waste are controlled so that the desired average moisture level over the combined masses of mixed wastes is obtained as explained above.
  • hi processing mixed organic waste it is particularly important to produce a product which is substantially homogeneous, at least at the scale of mm or above.
  • the blending step helps to improve the homogeneity of the product. However, although blending takes place, it is found that the moisture level remains concentrated in local areas of the waste, where it is sufficiently high to allow the thermophyllic reaction to commence and proceed very rapidly.
  • the relative quantities of different types of waste fed can be controlled using automatic weigh feeders.
  • the moisture level of mixed organic waste during processing may be as follows.
  • Domestic waste with a high organic content and moisture level above 50% can be mixed with commercial waste having a moisture level of 20% or below in a suitable ratio to provides a blend having an average moisture level in the range 45 to 55% by weight.
  • the average moisture level may drop to around 30-40% by weight, preferably 25 to 30% by weight.
  • the waste which still has a high residual heat level may be dried by a forced draught as described above, so that the moisture level drops to the range 30-40% by weight, preferably 25 to 30% by weight.
  • the treated waste may then be further dried on a drying floor as described above, so that the moisture level drops to below 25 % by weight.
  • the process of the first aspect of the present invention for treating domestic waste can allow between 75% and up to a maximum of 85% by weight of delivered waste to be recycled.
  • a proportion of the organic material fed to the process is consumed by microbial activity to generate heat, which is used in the drying of the material.
  • the quantity which is consumed in this way is relatively low.
  • the remaining waste not consumed or recycled has to be rejected and disposed of by conventional means.
  • a further parameter which may be manipulated is the pH of the mixed organic waste . This is suitably in the range 6.0-8.5, preferably 6.3-7.3, most preferably around 6.8.
  • Nitrogen level has an impact on microbial activity, and adjustment of pH and nitrogen content can be advantageous.
  • the density of the mixed organic waste fed to the treatment vessel digestion process is suitably not too low.
  • the density is not less than 450g per litre, preferably not less than 750g per litre.
  • the blending step is particularly useful here.
  • domestic waste can have a relatively high density.
  • the average density can be controlled by admixing a suitable quantity of commercial waste, which has a comparatively low density.
  • the mixed organic waste may be subjected to various types of treatment before the treatment process.
  • the previous steps include any or all of the following:
  • the process can be carried out on a stationary surface, such as a picking floor.
  • the mixed organic waste may be loaded onto a moving surface such as a conveyor and passed through a picking station in which mechanical or manual picking of the material takes place.
  • Shredding is a highly preferred step. It is carried out to reduce the average particle size. It can also be used to increase blending of waste from different sources. It also makes the treatment process more effective. It is found that, during the shredding process, microbial activity may commence and rapidly raise the temperature passing very quickly through the mesophyllic phase into the thermophyllic phase.
  • the mixed organic waste may be mechanically screened to select particles with size in a given range.
  • the given range may be from 10mm to 50mm. Material less than 10mm in size comprises dust, dirt and stones and is rejected.
  • the mixed organic waste may be treated to at least two screening processes in succession, each removing progressively smaller fractions of particles. Material removed in the screening process as being too large may be shredded to reduce its average size. Material which is classified by the screen as being of acceptable size and, where applicable, shredded material can then be fed to the treatment vessel.
  • the treated material may be subjected to a number of steps after the treatment process.
  • the material may be screened to remove particles in excess of a given size. For example, particles in excess of 50mm may be rejected. They may be subsequently shredded to reduce their size, returned to the aerobic digester or simply rejected.
  • Relatively small metal particles such as iron or aluminium may have passed through the system. They can be removed, for example by a magnetic or electromagnetic remover in a subsequent step. Metal particles removed from the system may then pass to a suitable recycling process.
  • the material is subjected to an additional drying step.
  • the subsequent drying can be carried out relatively simply.
  • the method and apparatus of the invention can be used to produce a product which is suitable for subsequent storage, transportation or sale.
  • This fuel can be used either on its own or as a supplementary fuel.
  • the material can be used as a multi purpose organic compost having a relatively high nutrient content.
  • the apparatus and method of the invention may alternatively form a part of a plant or system.
  • the apparatus and method of the invention can be used to supply fuel in a plant or system.
  • the material may be fed directly to a combustion chamber for generating heat or power.
  • the apparatus and method of the invention can be used to supply a feed to a pyrolysis process, as described below.
  • the freated material may be fed directly from the treatment vessel to the plant or system or it may be treated by any suitable steps such as grading, metal separation, drying, pelletising or bagging as appropriate.
  • an electrical power supply system comprising apparatus according to the invention for feeding material to the combustion chamber of a boiler for providing steam for power plant.
  • a cement producing apparatus comprising a cement kiln and an apparatus according to the invention for supplying fuel to the cement kiln.
  • complete heat transfer from the fuel to the cement producing materials is obtained as they are mixed together in the kiln.
  • the ash from burning the material of the present invention is absorbed into the cement material.
  • Waste heat from the kiln can be used to dry the treated waste from the present invention or to provide power for operating the process.
  • the present invention provides a method of treating mixed organic waste , comprising treating the waste by microbial activity under conditions in which the oxygen level in the gas in contact with the waste does not fall below 5% by volume and subsequently treating the treated waste in a pyrolysis process.
  • the present invention further provides in the second aspect, apparatus for treating mixed organic waste , comprising a microbial treatment vessel, means for feeding microbially treated mixed organic waste from the treatment vessel to means for pyrolysing the treated solid mixed organic waste , the aerobic microbial treatment vessel being controlled so that the oxygen content in the gas in contact with the waste during treatment does not fall below 5%> by volume.
  • the yrolysed material may be used as a fuel in its own right.
  • the pyrolysed material may be fed to a gasification process in which combustible gases are produced by introduction of a gasifying agent. This will normally require the pyrolysed material to be at a high temperature and the gasification process preferably occurs directly after the pyrolysis process.
  • the pyrolysis process and gasification process may be carried out in separate zones, for example as described in WO97/15641 and WO97/15640, or in a common zone, for example as shown in GB2301659.
  • the gasifying agent comprises air, steam or water vapour.
  • the microbial treatment comprises bacteriological digestion, suitably aerobic bacterial digestion.
  • thermopyhilic phase which normally occurs in the temperature range 60°C - 75°C as described above in relation to the first aspect of the invention. At this temperature, substantially no methane and no ammonium compounds are generated.
  • the treatment takes place in a container, for example a rotating drum. Preferred aspects of the drum are as set out above for the first aspect of the invention.
  • the mixed organic waste is treated in a manner which allows its moisture level to be controlled.
  • the mixed organic waste is treated by a method according to the first aspect of the invention.
  • an apparatus according to the first aspect of the invention is used.
  • the preferred features of the first aspect of the invention described above apply to the second aspect of the invention.
  • the treated material is suitably fed directly to the apparatus for pyrolysis.
  • Any suitable feed means may be used for delivering the freated waste from the microbial treatment vessel to the pyrolysis apparatus.
  • an interim storage means for example in the form of a feed hopper may be provided. It is preferred that there is a first delivery means for receiving treated mixed organic waste from the microbial treatment process and feeding it into the interim storage means and a second feed apparatus for feeding the stored treated solid waste from the interim storage means to the pyrolysis apparatus.
  • the second feed means is preferably operated substantially continuously.
  • the first and second feed apparatus may comprise any suitable means, for example conveyor belts or screw feeders.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic process diagram of steps involved in the process of the first aspect of the present invention before the rotary aerobic digester.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic process diagram showing the steps involved in feeding the rotary aerobic digester and drying the material in the first aspect of the invention.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic process diagram showing further steps in the procedure.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic process diagram showing a process according to the second aspect of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
  • Figure 1 shows the steps involved in an embodiment of a process according to the first aspect of the present invention for manufacturing fuel from solid mixed organic waste .
  • two sources of waste 101 and 102 are identified.
  • Source 101 comprises a source of domestic waste, which comprises organic waste which typically has an average moisture in the range 45-60% by weight.
  • Source 102 comprises a source of commercial waste which may have moisture averaging around 20%> by weight.
  • waste from the sources 101 102 is delivered to a reception and picking floor.
  • waste supplies from the two sources 101 and 102 are kept separate.
  • waste is manually picked over to identify objects which are not suitable for further processing, for example, metal, large plastic objects, etc.
  • the rejected objects are collected at 104 and disposed of separately, for example by tipping or by recycling if appropriate.
  • the feed conveyor 106 feeds the sorted waste to a rotary screen separator apparatus 107.
  • a first rotary screen separator 108 particles of size less than 50mm are passed and allowed to fall onto a conveyor 109 for subsequent feeding to the rotary aerobic digester as will be described further below in figure 2.
  • Material screened out by the rotary screen separator 108 is then screened in a further rotary screen separator 109 which passes objects of size less than 100mm.
  • Objects of size less than 100mm are then fed to a domestic waste shredder 110 which reduces their size to below 50mm and greater than 10mm. Thereafter, the shredded waste is passed onto to the conveyor 109.
  • Objects of size greater than 100mm are fed onto an "oversize conveyor 112" for further processing.
  • the blended waste is fed from the mixer 115 intermittently to a treatment vessel in the form of a rotary aerobic digester 116.
  • the aerobic digester 116 comprises a cylindrical steel vessel of diameter 5.5mm and length 33m which is mounted with its axis at an angle of approximately 7° degrees to the horizontal with waste being fed in at the loading end 117. Waste is fed into the loading 117 end at intervals of approximately 24 hours, and treated waste is simultaneously discharged at the opposite end.
  • a mixture of domestic and commercial waste which has been pre-treated is fed from the mixer 115 into the loading end 117 of the rotary aerobic digester.
  • the rate of feed of treated domestic waste on the conveyor 109 and treated commercial waste on the conveyor 113 and the air flow into the drum 116 the average moisture level of the solid waste fed into the loading end 117 of the rotary aerobic digester 116 can be controlled.
  • step 121 the sieved treated solid waste is treated in a metal separation stage, for separating out metals such as iron and aluminium
  • a metal separation stage for separating out metals such as iron and aluminium
  • electromagnetic or magnetic apparatus can be used to separate various materials which can be collected at 122 for suitable recycling.
  • the treated waste from which metal has been received can be spread on a stockpile / drying floor 123.
  • the moisture level of the treated waste loaded onto the drying floor is typically in the range 20-25%by weight and the material will still be at a temperature in the range 50- 60°C from the drum.
  • the material is fed into a layer not more than 20cm thick, where it is allowed to dry by natural evaporative drying and mechanical turning. As a result, the moisture level drops to a level of less than 25%> by weight. At this stage, further bacterial decomposition of the material ceases and the product becomes stable and storable.
  • a process according to figures 1-3 was operated with a feed a comprising 75000 tons per annum of mixed municipal waste.
  • the average moisture level of waste input to the rotary aerobic digester was 60%> by weight, with some batches having higher moisture level and some batches having lower moisture level.
  • Treated waste collected from the rotary aerobic digester, after unloading and fan drying had a moisture level of about 30%> by weight.
  • the graded and pelletised product was found to have constant thermal characteristics and to be suitable for use as a supplementary fuel, going by the description of GREEN COAL. It had a minimum calorific value of 14,500 kJ/kg. It had an ash content of less than 20% by weight and very small quantities of sulphur and chlorine.
  • Figure 4 shows a schematic process diagram of a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • the embodiment of Figure 4 will employ the system as shown in Figure 1 for the pre- treatment of solid waste material and digestion in a rotary aerobic digester 116 as shown in Figure 2.
  • the embodiment of Figure 4 is different to that of Figures 2 and 3 in that a different system is employed downstream of the aerobic digester.
  • the treated material is fed into a gravity hopper 118 for storage of material.
  • the stored material is fed from the gravity hopper 134 by a screw feeder 135 into a pyrolysis chamber 136 in which the solid waste material is transported by a screw while being heated to a temperature in excess of 800°C, sufficient to cause pyrolysis of the freated waste material.
  • a mixture of combustible gases is produced at 139.
  • the solid material is reduced to a char, largely comprising carbon and ash.
  • the char may, in some embodiments, be used as a fuel. However in the process shown in Figure 4, the char is fed into a gasification chamber 138, where it is maintained at a temperature in excess of 800°C and treated with steam so that a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen are generated at 140. As a result, the char is converted to a non-combustible ash 141 which is subsequently disposed of, suitably by landfill.
  • the combustion of the gases 139 and 140 is used to produce steam, some of which is fed at 144 into the gasification chamber and the remainder of which is fed at 143 into a steam turbine power plant 145 for the generation of electricity.
  • a portion of the electricity from the power plant can be distributed at 146 for running the entire apparatus of the embodiment of Figure 4.
  • Power can also be delivered at 147 to consumers, via the National grid for example.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé et un appareil de traitement de déchets organiques solides mélangés afin d'obtenir un combustible ou du compost organique. Selon le procédé de l'invention, les déchets sont traités dans un digesteur aérobie rotatif (116), dans lequel ils sont traités dans la phase thermophile à une température située dans la plage comprise entre 60 et 75 °C, le teneur en oxygène du gaz en contact avec le matériau traité étant maintenue à un niveau supérieur à 5 % en volume, afin d'obtenir un matériau traité présentant un niveau d'humidité ne dépassant pas 45 % en poids, de préférence ne dépassant pas 35 % en poids et ne dépassant pas idéalement 25 % en poids. Le matériau traité peut être ultérieurement séché sur une pile de séchage (123) afin d'obtenir un produit stable. Les déchets présentant un niveau d'humidité élevé, de type déchets domestiques sont mélangés dans un mélangeur (115) à des déchets présentant un niveau d'humidité inférieur, de type déchets commerciaux, de façon à réguler les propriétés des déchets en cours de traitement et du produit obtenu. Les déchets organiques solides mélangés traités en provenance du digesteur aérobie peuvent également être pyrolysés et éventuellement, ultérieurement gazéifiés.
PCT/GB2004/003157 2003-12-31 2004-07-22 Procede et appareil de traitement de dechets organiques melanges WO2005063946A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB0605977A GB2431155B (en) 2003-12-31 2006-03-24 Method and apparatus for processing mixed organic waste

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GBPCT/GB2003/005687 2003-12-31
PCT/GB2003/005687 WO2004060587A1 (fr) 2003-01-07 2003-12-31 Procede et appareil permettant de traiter des dechets organiques solides

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2005063946A1 true WO2005063946A1 (fr) 2005-07-14

Family

ID=34717519

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/GB2004/003157 WO2005063946A1 (fr) 2003-12-31 2004-07-22 Procede et appareil de traitement de dechets organiques melanges

Country Status (2)

Country Link
GB (1) GB2431155B (fr)
WO (1) WO2005063946A1 (fr)

Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2889465A1 (fr) * 2005-08-08 2007-02-09 Valorom Procede et dispositif de melange de dechets organiques solides avec une substance fortement hydratee et de la chaux vive
WO2007056963A1 (fr) * 2005-11-16 2007-05-24 Agro-Eko Spol. S R.O. Procede de reaction d’un substrat biodegradable non-stabilise hygieniquement dans un produit stabilise hygieniquement
WO2008073186A2 (fr) * 2006-10-26 2008-06-19 Marshall Medoff Traitement de biomasse
GB2448502A (en) * 2007-04-17 2008-10-22 Jack Moody Ltd A method of, and apparatus for, composting material
EP2275394A1 (fr) * 2008-04-08 2011-01-19 Taniguro, Katsumori Procédé et appareil pour traiter des déchets organiques et procédé d utilisation de l énergie thermique
US7955839B2 (en) 2006-06-23 2011-06-07 Recology Inc. Systems and methods for converting organic waste materials into useful products
US7985577B2 (en) 2003-04-30 2011-07-26 Recology, Inc. Systems and processes for treatment of organic waste materials with a biomixer
WO2012063137A3 (fr) * 2010-11-08 2012-09-13 Key Group Holding S.R.O. Procédé de traitement de déchets organiques, équipement de traitement et utilisation des produits traités
US8809038B1 (en) 2003-04-30 2014-08-19 Recology Inc. Process for treatment of organic waste materials
ITMI20130853A1 (it) * 2013-05-27 2014-11-28 Bioforcetech Corp Sistema e metodo per il trattamento di fanghi di depurazione.
US9139790B2 (en) 2009-10-07 2015-09-22 Katsumori Taniguro Method for treating biomass material and method for using heat energy
EP3029372A1 (fr) * 2014-12-04 2016-06-08 Francesco Ianno Installation et procédé pour récupérer de l'énergie à partir de déchets de matériaux à matrice organique
EP3034603A1 (fr) * 2014-12-19 2016-06-22 AIVOTEC s.r.o. Installation de biogaz elargie
EP3199609A1 (fr) 2016-01-29 2017-08-02 AIVOTEC s.r.o. Installation de traitement pyrolytique de matiere organique d'origine biologique
WO2021030879A1 (fr) * 2019-08-22 2021-02-25 Ryw Holdings Pty Ltd Gestion des déchets et système de traitement
WO2021087584A1 (fr) * 2019-11-04 2021-05-14 Prado Antonio Cicero De Lima Digesteur aérobie rotatif
US20220348488A1 (en) * 2016-10-28 2022-11-03 Rdp Technologies, Inc. Process for treating sewage sludge

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1981003029A1 (fr) * 1980-04-17 1981-10-29 M Keane Systeme de conversion de dechets en produits utiles
WO1983002779A1 (fr) * 1982-02-15 1983-08-18 Peter Hood Procede de production d'un combustible a partir de dechets
US4420320A (en) * 1979-09-27 1983-12-13 Industrie-Werke Karlsruhe Augsburg Aktiengesellschaft Method of biologically drying waste material
DE3330542A1 (de) * 1983-08-24 1985-03-07 Johannes Dipl.-Ing. 6200 Wiesbaden Linneborn Verfahren zur aufbereitung von biomassen
EP0458738A2 (fr) * 1990-04-26 1991-11-27 Wheelabrator Clean Water Systems Inc. Procédé de compostage de boues résiduaires contaminées par des substances nocives avec des déchets de bois par fermentation aérobie et application du produit obtenu
EP0508383A1 (fr) * 1991-04-08 1992-10-14 ALLIED COLLOIDS GmbH Procédé de mesure et régulation du sèchage biologique de boues d'épuration

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4420320A (en) * 1979-09-27 1983-12-13 Industrie-Werke Karlsruhe Augsburg Aktiengesellschaft Method of biologically drying waste material
WO1981003029A1 (fr) * 1980-04-17 1981-10-29 M Keane Systeme de conversion de dechets en produits utiles
WO1983002779A1 (fr) * 1982-02-15 1983-08-18 Peter Hood Procede de production d'un combustible a partir de dechets
DE3330542A1 (de) * 1983-08-24 1985-03-07 Johannes Dipl.-Ing. 6200 Wiesbaden Linneborn Verfahren zur aufbereitung von biomassen
EP0458738A2 (fr) * 1990-04-26 1991-11-27 Wheelabrator Clean Water Systems Inc. Procédé de compostage de boues résiduaires contaminées par des substances nocives avec des déchets de bois par fermentation aérobie et application du produit obtenu
EP0508383A1 (fr) * 1991-04-08 1992-10-14 ALLIED COLLOIDS GmbH Procédé de mesure et régulation du sèchage biologique de boues d'épuration

Cited By (43)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8809038B1 (en) 2003-04-30 2014-08-19 Recology Inc. Process for treatment of organic waste materials
US7985577B2 (en) 2003-04-30 2011-07-26 Recology, Inc. Systems and processes for treatment of organic waste materials with a biomixer
FR2889465A1 (fr) * 2005-08-08 2007-02-09 Valorom Procede et dispositif de melange de dechets organiques solides avec une substance fortement hydratee et de la chaux vive
WO2007056963A1 (fr) * 2005-11-16 2007-05-24 Agro-Eko Spol. S R.O. Procede de reaction d’un substrat biodegradable non-stabilise hygieniquement dans un produit stabilise hygieniquement
US7955839B2 (en) 2006-06-23 2011-06-07 Recology Inc. Systems and methods for converting organic waste materials into useful products
US9023628B2 (en) 2006-10-26 2015-05-05 Xyleco, Inc. Processing biomass
US8709768B2 (en) 2006-10-26 2014-04-29 Xyleco, Inc. Processing biomass
EP2098556A1 (fr) * 2006-10-26 2009-09-09 Marshall Medoff Traitement de biomasse
EP2098558A1 (fr) * 2006-10-26 2009-09-09 Marshall Medoff Biomasse de traitement
EP2100911A1 (fr) * 2006-10-26 2009-09-16 Marshall Medoff Traitement de biomasse
EP2204432A1 (fr) * 2006-10-26 2010-07-07 Xyleco, Inc. Traitement de la biomasse
US10704196B2 (en) 2006-10-26 2020-07-07 Xyleco, Inc. Processing biomass
US10287730B2 (en) 2006-10-26 2019-05-14 Xyleco, Inc. Processing biomass
US7932065B2 (en) 2006-10-26 2011-04-26 Xyleco, Inc. Processing biomass
EP2098557A1 (fr) * 2006-10-26 2009-09-09 Marshall Medoff Traitement de biomasse
WO2008073186A3 (fr) * 2006-10-26 2009-03-19 Marshall Medoff Traitement de biomasse
US9347661B2 (en) 2006-10-26 2016-05-24 Xyleco, Inc. Processing biomass
WO2008073186A2 (fr) * 2006-10-26 2008-06-19 Marshall Medoff Traitement de biomasse
EA017612B1 (ru) * 2006-10-26 2013-01-30 Ксилеко, Инк. Переработка биомассы
US8492128B2 (en) 2006-10-26 2013-07-23 Xyleco, Inc. Processing biomass
US8900839B2 (en) 2006-10-26 2014-12-02 Xyleco, Inc. Processing biomass
US8597921B2 (en) 2006-10-26 2013-12-03 Xyleco, Inc. Processing biomass
US8603787B2 (en) 2006-10-26 2013-12-10 Xyleco, Inc. Processing biomass
US8609384B2 (en) 2006-10-26 2013-12-17 Xyleco, Inc. Processing biomass
EP2098559A1 (fr) * 2006-10-26 2009-09-09 Marshall Medoff Traitement de biomasse
US8852905B2 (en) 2006-10-26 2014-10-07 Xyleco, Inc. Processing biomass
US8846356B2 (en) 2006-10-26 2014-09-30 Xyleco, Inc. Processing biomass
GB2448502A (en) * 2007-04-17 2008-10-22 Jack Moody Ltd A method of, and apparatus for, composting material
CN101998941A (zh) * 2008-04-08 2011-03-30 谷黑克守 有机废弃物的处理方法、处理装置以及热能利用方法
EP2275394A4 (fr) * 2008-04-08 2013-01-02 Taniguro Katsumori Procédé et appareil pour traiter des déchets organiques et procédé d utilisation de l énergie thermique
US9321698B2 (en) 2008-04-08 2016-04-26 Katsumori Taniguro Method for treating organic waste and method of utilizing heat energy
EP2275394A1 (fr) * 2008-04-08 2011-01-19 Taniguro, Katsumori Procédé et appareil pour traiter des déchets organiques et procédé d utilisation de l énergie thermique
US9139790B2 (en) 2009-10-07 2015-09-22 Katsumori Taniguro Method for treating biomass material and method for using heat energy
CN103282134A (zh) * 2010-11-08 2013-09-04 Key控股集团有限公司 有机废弃物加工设备
WO2012063137A3 (fr) * 2010-11-08 2012-09-13 Key Group Holding S.R.O. Procédé de traitement de déchets organiques, équipement de traitement et utilisation des produits traités
ITMI20130853A1 (it) * 2013-05-27 2014-11-28 Bioforcetech Corp Sistema e metodo per il trattamento di fanghi di depurazione.
EP3029372A1 (fr) * 2014-12-04 2016-06-08 Francesco Ianno Installation et procédé pour récupérer de l'énergie à partir de déchets de matériaux à matrice organique
EP3034603A1 (fr) * 2014-12-19 2016-06-22 AIVOTEC s.r.o. Installation de biogaz elargie
EP3199609A1 (fr) 2016-01-29 2017-08-02 AIVOTEC s.r.o. Installation de traitement pyrolytique de matiere organique d'origine biologique
US20220348488A1 (en) * 2016-10-28 2022-11-03 Rdp Technologies, Inc. Process for treating sewage sludge
US12006241B2 (en) * 2016-10-28 2024-06-11 Rdp Technologies, Inc. Process for treating sewage sludge
WO2021030879A1 (fr) * 2019-08-22 2021-02-25 Ryw Holdings Pty Ltd Gestion des déchets et système de traitement
WO2021087584A1 (fr) * 2019-11-04 2021-05-14 Prado Antonio Cicero De Lima Digesteur aérobie rotatif

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB2431155A (en) 2007-04-18
GB2431155B (en) 2009-01-07
GB0605977D0 (en) 2006-05-03

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US4203376A (en) Treatment of waste
WO2005063946A1 (fr) Procede et appareil de traitement de dechets organiques melanges
WO2004060587A1 (fr) Procede et appareil permettant de traiter des dechets organiques solides
CA1108403A (fr) Combustible derive du compostage des dechets organiques
CA2478642C (fr) Transformation de dechets urbains solides en valeur combustible elevee
US8957275B2 (en) Waste treatment
GB2423079A (en) Combined gasification and plasma treatment of waste
US6423532B1 (en) Refuse-treatment method and apparatus
US20120324785A1 (en) Pyrolysis of Biomass
JP6053252B2 (ja) 固形燃料の製造方法及び製造プラント
CA2832892C (fr) Traitement de dechets
US20100090037A1 (en) Method and system for treating mixed municipal and selected commercial waste
JP5901809B2 (ja) 固形燃料の製造方法及び製造プラント
KR100998800B1 (ko) 열량측정을 통한 생활폐기물 및 매립폐기물의 혼합 고형연료 제조방법
US20070231885A1 (en) Biomechanical device for producing a biomass
KR100384068B1 (ko) 음식물 쓰레기의 비료화 방법
JP2006088044A (ja) 汚泥炭化物及び汚泥の炭化方法
CN114210717B (zh) 陈垃圾资源化处理方法
CA2592059C (fr) Dispositif biomecanique pour la production d'une biomasse
AU2003208132A1 (en) Waste management
JP4397423B1 (ja) ガス化方法
AU2022261377A1 (en) Method for providing raw material for an industrial process
JP4397424B1 (ja) ガス化方法
Mousty et al. The SILORCO-SILODA process: A complete household refuse treatment line combining refuse-derived fuel and compost production for better waste management
Boutsen et al. Report on best available technologies for the production of RDF from the municipal waste streams

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AK Designated states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AE AG AL AM AT AU AZ BA BB BG BR BW BY BZ CA CH CN CO CR CU CZ DE DK DM DZ EC EE EG ES FI GB GD GE GH GM HR HU ID IL IN IS JP KE KG KP KR KZ LC LK LR LS LT LU LV MA MD MG MK MN MW MX MZ NA NI NO NZ OM PG PH PL PT RO RU SC SD SE SG SK SL SY TJ TM TN TR TT TZ UA UG US UZ VC VN YU ZA ZM ZW

AL Designated countries for regional patents

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): BW GH GM KE LS MW MZ NA SD SL SZ TZ UG ZM ZW AM AZ BY KG KZ MD RU TJ TM AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IT LU MC NL PL PT RO SE SI SK TR BF BJ CF CG CI CM GA GN GQ GW ML MR NE SN TD TG

121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application
WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 0605977.8

Country of ref document: GB

Ref document number: 0605977

Country of ref document: GB

WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 3030/DELNP/2006

Country of ref document: IN

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE

WWW Wipo information: withdrawn in national office

Ref document number: DE

122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase