GB2448502A - A method of, and apparatus for, composting material - Google Patents

A method of, and apparatus for, composting material Download PDF

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Publication number
GB2448502A
GB2448502A GB0707363A GB0707363A GB2448502A GB 2448502 A GB2448502 A GB 2448502A GB 0707363 A GB0707363 A GB 0707363A GB 0707363 A GB0707363 A GB 0707363A GB 2448502 A GB2448502 A GB 2448502A
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GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
vessel
temperature
floor
air
vessels
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
GB0707363A
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GB0707363D0 (en
Inventor
Robert Joseph Moody
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
JACK MOODY Ltd
Original Assignee
JACK MOODY Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by JACK MOODY Ltd filed Critical JACK MOODY Ltd
Priority to GB0707363A priority Critical patent/GB2448502A/en
Publication of GB0707363D0 publication Critical patent/GB0707363D0/en
Publication of GB2448502A publication Critical patent/GB2448502A/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C05F17/60—Heating or cooling during the treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C05F17/70—Controlling the treatment in response to process parameters
    • C05F17/0063—
    • C05F17/027—
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C05F17/90—Apparatus therefor
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C05F17/90—Apparatus therefor
    • C05F17/964—Constructional parts, e.g. floors, covers or doors
    • C05F17/971—Constructional parts, e.g. floors, covers or doors for feeding or discharging materials to be treated; for feeding or discharging other material
    • C05F17/979—Constructional parts, e.g. floors, covers or doors for feeding or discharging materials to be treated; for feeding or discharging other material the other material being gaseous
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/141—Feedstock
    • Y02P20/145—Feedstock the feedstock being materials of biological origin
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)

Abstract

A method of composting material is disclosed which comprises locating the material in an enclosed vessel, allowing the temperature of the material to rise above a given level and then blowing air into the vessel to maintain the temperature of the material within a given temperature range. The temperature range may be 60-70 {C. The air may be blown through the floor of the vessel and may be drawn from the upper part of the vessel. The temperature is monitored at different heights in the vessel. The material may be kitchen or catering waste. Also disclosed is a composting apparatus 10 in the form of a closed shed 12 into which material handling vehicles (16, Fig. 2) can be driven. The shed 12 is divided up into eight vessels 18. Each vessel 18 has a perforated metal floor (26, Fig. 3) with a chamber (28, Fig. 3) therebeneath. Ducting (32, Fig. 4) is provided extending through side walls (34, Fig. 4) of the vessels 18 to supply air into the chambers 28 and hence into the vessels 18. The air may be blown by fans (38, Fig. 2).

Description

Composting Method and Apparatus This invention concerns a method and
apparatus for composting material, and particularly but not exclusively for composting kitchen and catering waste.
When composting particular materials such as kitchen and catering waste, it is necessary and required by legislation, to ensure that the material is held above a particular temperature for a minimum time period to ensure that respective pathogens are killed. Conventionally this has been achieved by ensuring that the material reaches a temperature well above the limit, and logging the temperature over time, such that it can subsequently be proven that the requirements have been met.
According to the present invention there is provided a method of composting material, the method including locating the material in an enclosed vessel, allowing the temperature of the material to rise above a pre-determined lower level, and selectively blowing air into the vessel to retain the temperature of the material within a predetermined temperature range.
Air may be selectively blown into the vessel to maintain the temperature below a pre-determined maximum temperature.
The predetermined minimum temperature may be 6OC, the predetermined temperature range may be 65 -70 C. The predetermined maximum temperature may be 70 C.
The air may be blown through the floor of the vessel.
Air may be sucked from an upper part of the vessel above the material.
The temperature of the material may be measured at a plurality of positions, and may be measured at different heights in the vessel. The temperature of the material over time is preferably logged.
The air may be blown into the vessel in an automated pattern of time periods.
The material may be shredded prior to location in the vessel.
The temperature of the material is preferably cooled below a set minimum temperature prior to removal from the vessel.
The invention also provides material composting apparatus, the apparatus including a selectively closable vessel, the vessel having a floor with a plurality of holes extending therethrough, a chamber located beneath the floor and blowing means for blowing air into the chamber and hence into the vessel.
The blowing means may include a fan located above the vessel with ducting extending through side walls of the vessel to connect the fan and chamber.
The ducting may lead to a plurality of outlets into the chamber. The blowing fan may connect to a transformation chamber to which the ducting connects, to provide substantially equal air pressures therein. The blowing fan may be a centrifugal fan, and may have a rating of 2000 CFU.
A plurality of vessels may be provided located adjacent to each other, and ducting for adjacent vessels may extend adjacent to each other through a common dividing wall between the vessels. Ducting may extend through opposite side walls of the vessel, and at more than one spaced location along the side walls.
The floor of each vessel may be substantially flat. The holes in the floor may account for at least 10% of the floor area, and may account for 15 -20% of the floor area, and substantially 17%. The holes may be between 10 and 18 mm diameter, and more particularly between 12 and 15mm diameter.
An extractor fan may connect to an upper part of the/or each vessel to provide a negative air pressure above the material to be composted. A plurality of inlets may be provided in the upper part of the/or each vessel connected to the extractor fan. An extractor fan may be connected to a plurality of vessels.
At least two selectively closable openings may be provided in the vessel, and the openings may be at least generally opposite each other to permit a vehicle to drive through the vessel.
A temperature probe may be provided locatable in material being composted, and the probe may be connected to remote control means to display and/or record the temperature. The control means may also log temperature over time. The control means may be operatively connected to the blowing fan and/or the extractor fan. The control means may be arranged to permit the blowing fan to operate automatically over a predetermined cycle of operation.
A plurality of temperature probes may be provided locatable at different places in the material, and desirably also located at different heights in the material.
An embodiment of the present invention will now be described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:-Fig 1. is a diagrammatic plan view of composting apparatus according to the invention: Fig 2. is a diagrammatic side view of the apparatus of Fig 1; Fig 3. is a detailed diagrammatic cross-sectional view through part of the apparatus of Fig 1; Fig 4. is a diagrammatic plan view of a further part of the apparatus of Fig 1; Fig 5. is a diagrammatic plan view of a still further part of the apparatus of Fig 1; Fig 6. is a diagrammatic side view of a component of the apparatus shown in Fig 5; Fig 7. is an end view of a component shown in Fig 6; and Figs 8 & 9. are screen shots of an operating system for an apparatus similar to that shown in Fig 1.
The drawings show composting apparatus 10, and particularly apparatus for composting kitchen and catering waste. The apparatus 10 comprises a closed shed 12 with an entrance 14 through which material handling vehicles 16 can be driven.
Eight closed composting vessels 18 are provided to one side of the shed 12. The vessels 18 have roller doors 20 at each end, and are dimensioned such that the vehicles 16 can drive thereinto and therethrough if required.
Each of the vessels 18 has a concrete base 22 upon which a plurality of beams 24 are provided which support perforated metal floor plates 26 defining a chamber 28 between the metal plates 26 and concrete base 22. A plurality of holes 30 are provided in the plates 26, and a few are shown in Fig 4 for illustration. The plates 26 are arranged such that the holes 30 occupy approximately 17% of the surface area of the plates 26.
Ducting 32 is provided extending vertically through side walls 34 of the vessels 18, with adjacent ducting channels 36 each opening into the chambers 28 in respective adjacent vessels 18. Two pairs of channels 36 may be provided in each side wall of the vessels 18 as shown in Fig 5.
The channels 36 for each vessel 18 are connected to a centrifugal fan 38 via a transformation 40. The fan 38 has a rating of 2000 CFU. The transformation is in the form of a diverging square section chamber 42 extending from the fan 38, which chamber 42 is divided by cruciform vanes 44 away from the fan 38, to four outlets 46, each connecting via pipework 48 to a respective channel 36.
An extractor fan 50 is also provided for a number of vessels 18. The fan connects via a common pipe 52, to respective ducts 54, each extending in an upper part of a vessel 18. The ducts 54 have three equal spaced inlets 56. The outlet from the extractor fan 50 connects to a bio-filter 58.
A control unit 60 is operatively connected to the fans 38, 50, so as to control their operation and speed. The control unit 60 is provided with a display screen operable by a number of menus. The temperature probes 62 provide temperature data to the control unit 60 to be read in real time. A display of the lowest temperature of each vessel 18 may be provided. The control unit 60 can permit any of the vessels 18 to be manually independently controlled. Two screen shots are shown in Figs 8 & 9, for an arrangement with eight composting vessels 18. Seven temperature probes 62 are provided for each vessel 18, which probes 62 extend from cables 64 mounted to the ceiling of these vessels 18. One probe 62 is shown diagrammatically in Fig 2.
As shown in Fig 8, the seven probes are arranged with six lower probes 62, one adjacent to each corner of the vessel 18, and two towards respective sides midway along the length of the vessel 18. An upper probe 62 is also provided, generally centrally of the vessel 18, and with a shorter cable 64. The probes 62 are operatively connected to the control unit 60.
In use, material to be composted is shredded, and then loaded into the vessels 18 by vehicles 16. The probes 62 are then located in the material, and the doors 20 closed. The extractor fan 50 is generally kept on constantly during composting to provide a negative air pressure above the material being composted, and to extract moisture and other fumes therefrom, the extracted gases passing through the bio-filter 58.
The temperature of the composting material will rise as composting takes place, and be monitored by the probes 62. Once the temperature of the material has risen to a predetermined temperature such as 60 C. The centrifugal fan 38 will be switched on. By selective blowing of air into the chamber 18 and hence into the composting material, the temperature of the material will be substantially maintained within a predetermined range such as 65-70 C.
The material is retained within the vessel 18 for a sufficient time for compostng to take place, and to meet necessary legislation concerning retaining the material above a required temperature for a set time to ensure relevant pathogens are killed. Once composting has been completed, the temperature of the material is allowed to cool for instance to between 55 -60 C and blowing air through the material may be used to provide cooling. The material is then removed from the vessel 18 and may be mixed with other material, and subsequent composting stages carried out for instance in the open air.
Figs 8 & 9 show screen shots for an apparatus with eight vessels 18. The screen shots show various criteria for each vessel 18 including the fan speed, minimum temperature, and the estimated time required for the material to remain in the vessels 18. The control unit 60 can display the time each vessel 18 has been at above a predetermined temperature. The unit 60 may also provide a warning when a predetermined temperature is exceeded, and may include an emergency stop function.
Fig 8 illustrates a display of the temperatures from the probes 62 in each vessel 18. The data including temperature over time recorded by the control unit is logged to provide a record for each batch of material. The screen shots are appropriately colour coded to illustrate for instance the status of the fans with red showing that a fan has stopped and green showing operation. The drive status of the fans 38 can be illustrated by an appropriate red or green colour code in the boxes 66 in Fig 9. An indication is provided for the operation of each of the extractor fans 50, with a status being provided by a colour monitor box 68.
In use the apparatus can be run manually with the centrifugal fans 38 being controlled as required, and in response to the displayed temperatures for the probes 62. The apparatus can also be run automatically, with the fans 38 operating in response to the temperatures measured by the probes 62. Following testing the apparatus may run to particular programs with the fans 38 running over particular time periods and at particular intervals to provide the required amount of air and required temperatures over the different stages of composting.
There is thus described a composting apparatus and also a method of compostirig, which provide a number of advantageous features. The chamber 28 beneath the material provides for an even circulation of air throughout the material. The ducting 32 provides for an even flow of air into the chamber 28, with the transformation 40 ensuring there is a substantially even air flow through each of the channels 36. The perforated metal plates 26 provide for a flat floor to the vessels 18 and provision of the ducting 32 in the side walls 34 means that the ducting does not interfere with material in the vessels 18.
The control unit 60 and temperature probes 62 provide for accurate control of the composting process in real time, to ensure that the compostirig material is kept within required temperature limits for required periods of time.
There is provided control in real time and accurate logging of the conditions to ensure that respective legislation is followed.
Various modifications may be made without departing from the scope of the invention. For instance the vessels may take a different form, i.e. the number of vessels and/ their or shape or size. Different fan arrangements could be used.
Whilst endeavouring in the foregoing specification to draw attention to those features of the invention believed to be of particular importance it should be understood that the Applicant claims protection in respect of any patentable feature or combination of features hereinbefore referred to and/or shown in the drawings whether or not particular emphasis has been placed thereon.

Claims (40)

VP CLAIMS
1. A method of composting material, the method including locating the material in an enclosed vessel, allowing the temperature of the material to rise above a pre-determined lower level, and selectively blowing air into the vessel to retain the temperature of the material within a predetermined temperature range.
2. A method according to claim 1, in which air is selectively blown into the vessel to maintain the temperature below a pre-determined maximum temperature.
3. A method according to claim 2, in which the predetermined maximum temperature is 70 C. * .
*
4. A method according to any of the preceding claims, in which the :.:.* predetermined minimum temperature is 60 C. S..
I
5. A method according to any of the preceding claims, in which, the S...
predetermined temperature range is 65-70 C. ** * S
6. A method according to any of the preceding claims, in which the air is blown through the floor of the vessel.
7. A method according to any of the preceding claims, in which air may be sucked from an upper part of the vessel above the material.
8. A method according to any of the preceding claims, in which the temperature of the material is measured at a plurality of positions.
9. A method according to claim 8, in which the temperature of the material is measured at different heights in the vessel.
10. A method according to any of the preceding claims, in which the temperature of the material over time is logged.
11. A method according to any of the preceding claims, in which air is blown into the vessel in an automated pattern of time periods.
12. A method according to any of the preceding claims, in which the material is shredded prior to location in the vessel.
13. A method according to any of the preceding claims, in which the temperature of the material is cooled below a set minimum temperature prior to removal from the vessel. * *
*
14. Material composting apparatus, the apparatus including a selectively 1.: closable vessel, the vessel having a floor with a plurality of holes extending therethrough, a chamber located beneath the floor and blowing means for blowing air into the chamber and hence into the vessel. S..
S
S.....
*
15. Apparatus according to claim 14, in which the blowing means includes a I an located above the vessel with ducting extending through side walls of the vessel to connect the fan and chamber.
16. Apparatus according to claim 15, in which the ducting leads to a plurality of outlets into the chamber.
17. Apparatus according to claim 16, in which the blowing fan connects to a transformation chamber to which the ducting connects, to provide substantially equal air pressures in the ducting.
18. Apparatus according to any of claims 15 to 17, in which the blowing fan is a centrifugal fan.
19. Apparatus according to any of claims 15 to 18, in which the blowing fan has a rating of 2000 CFIJ.
20. Apparatus according to claims 14 to 19, in which a plurality of vessels are provided located adjacent to each other.
21. Apparatus according to claim 20 when dependent on any of claims 15 to 19, in which ducting for adjacent vessels extends adjacent to each other through a common dividing wall between the vessels. * * * ***
22. Apparatus according to claims 20 or 21 when dependent on any of claims to 19, in which ducting extends through opposite side walls of the vessel, and at more than one spaced location along the side walls. **.
S
23. Apparatus according to any of claims 14 to 22, in which the floor of each *5*S vessel is substantially flat.
I..... * S
24. Apparatus according to any of claims 14 to 23, in which the holes in the floor may account for at least 10% of the floor area.
25. Apparatus according to claim 24, in which the holes in the floor account for -20% of the floor area.
26. Apparatus according to claim 25, in which the holes in the floor account for substantially 17% of the floor area.
27. Apparatus according to any of claims 14 to 26, in which an extractor fan connects to an upper part of the/or each vessel to provide a negative air pressure above the material to be composted.
28. Apparatus according to claim 27, in which a plurality of inlets are provided in the upper part of the/or each vessel connected to the extractor fan.
29. Apparatus according to claims 27 or 28 when dependent on claim 20, in which an extractor fan is connected to a plurality of vessels.
30. Apparatus according to any of claims 14 to 29, in which at least two selectively closable openings are provided in the vessel. S. * S * **S
31. Apparatus according to claim 30, in which the openings are at least generally opposite each other to permit a vehicle to drive through the vessel.
32. Apparatus according to any of the preceding claims, in which a temperature probe is provided locatable in material being composted. **** *
* ***** *
33. Apparatus according to claim 32, in which the probe is connected to remote control means to display and/or record the temperature.
34. Apparatus according to claim 33, in which the control means also logs temperature over time.
35. Apparatus according to claims 33 or 34, in which the control means are arranged to permit the blowing f an to operate automatically over a predetermined cycle of operation.
36. Apparatus according to any of claims 14 to 35, in which a plurality of temperature probes are provided locatable at different places in the material.
37. Apparatus according to any of claims 14 to 36, in which a plurality of temperature probes are provided locatable at different heights in the material.
38. A method of composting material, the method being substantially as hereinbef ore described and with reference to the accompanying drawings.
39. Material composting apparatus, the apparatus being substantially as hereinbef ore described and with reference to the accompanying drawings.
40. Any novel subject matter or combination including novel subject matter disclosed herein, whether or not within the scope of or relating to the same invention as any of the preceding claims. S... * S S... * I.
S S.. *
S *.
S * S...
S..... S *
GB0707363A 2007-04-17 2007-04-17 A method of, and apparatus for, composting material Withdrawn GB2448502A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB0707363A GB2448502A (en) 2007-04-17 2007-04-17 A method of, and apparatus for, composting material

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB0707363A GB2448502A (en) 2007-04-17 2007-04-17 A method of, and apparatus for, composting material

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
GB0707363D0 GB0707363D0 (en) 2007-05-23
GB2448502A true GB2448502A (en) 2008-10-22

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GB0707363A Withdrawn GB2448502A (en) 2007-04-17 2007-04-17 A method of, and apparatus for, composting material

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Country Link
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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2015106321A1 (en) * 2014-01-17 2015-07-23 Hofstede Henricus Theodorus Aeration bed and composting system

Citations (17)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB490426A (en) * 1937-02-12 1938-08-12 Eau Et Assainissement Anciens Method for the treatment by fermentation of waste refuse and of vegetation and apparatus for the application of said process
GB921007A (en) * 1961-12-28 1963-03-13 Joseph Binns Improvements relating to the treatment of domestic refuse
JPH0264085A (en) * 1988-06-15 1990-03-05 Oguma Mitsuru Organic fused fertilizer
US5066392A (en) * 1988-08-11 1991-11-19 Kneer Franz X Apparatus for microbiological decomposition of organic waste
US5312754A (en) * 1992-02-27 1994-05-17 Bryan Brown Michael Composting apparatus and system
DE19643142C1 (en) * 1996-09-10 1997-12-11 Herhof Umwelttechnik Gmbh Waste composter with uniform gas flow distribution
EP1057800A2 (en) * 1999-06-02 2000-12-06 Entsorga Italia S.R.L. A container for composting waste organic materials
US6281001B1 (en) * 1995-11-13 2001-08-28 Mcnelly James J. Process for controlled composting of organic material and for bioremediating soils
WO2003006400A1 (en) * 2001-07-12 2003-01-23 Ouellette Joseph P Biomass heating system
JP2003251318A (en) * 2002-03-06 2003-09-09 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd Fermentation treatment apparatus for organic waste
US6627434B1 (en) * 1995-11-13 2003-09-30 Mcnelly James J. Method and apparatus for controlled composting and bioremediating
ES2203259A1 (en) * 1999-05-11 2004-04-01 Universidad De Vigo Organic waste bioreactor includes temperature gauges with oxygen, carbon dioxide and ammonia concentration logging and a ventilation system
EP1431262A1 (en) * 2002-12-18 2004-06-23 Entsorga Italia S.R.L. A method and a plant for the aerobic treatment of materials having a highly fermentable organic component
JP2005067918A (en) * 2003-08-28 2005-03-17 Furukawa Co Ltd Compost production apparatus
WO2005063946A1 (en) * 2003-12-31 2005-07-14 Iwi (Holdings) Limited Method and apparatus for processing mixed organic waste
EP1609773A2 (en) * 2004-06-22 2005-12-28 Ewald Harrer Method of aerating compost and device to carry out the method
EP1736461A1 (en) * 2005-06-24 2006-12-27 Bioe S.R.L. system and method for treatment of organic waste

Patent Citations (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB490426A (en) * 1937-02-12 1938-08-12 Eau Et Assainissement Anciens Method for the treatment by fermentation of waste refuse and of vegetation and apparatus for the application of said process
GB921007A (en) * 1961-12-28 1963-03-13 Joseph Binns Improvements relating to the treatment of domestic refuse
JPH0264085A (en) * 1988-06-15 1990-03-05 Oguma Mitsuru Organic fused fertilizer
US5066392A (en) * 1988-08-11 1991-11-19 Kneer Franz X Apparatus for microbiological decomposition of organic waste
US5312754A (en) * 1992-02-27 1994-05-17 Bryan Brown Michael Composting apparatus and system
US6627434B1 (en) * 1995-11-13 2003-09-30 Mcnelly James J. Method and apparatus for controlled composting and bioremediating
US6281001B1 (en) * 1995-11-13 2001-08-28 Mcnelly James J. Process for controlled composting of organic material and for bioremediating soils
DE19643142C1 (en) * 1996-09-10 1997-12-11 Herhof Umwelttechnik Gmbh Waste composter with uniform gas flow distribution
ES2203259A1 (en) * 1999-05-11 2004-04-01 Universidad De Vigo Organic waste bioreactor includes temperature gauges with oxygen, carbon dioxide and ammonia concentration logging and a ventilation system
EP1057800A2 (en) * 1999-06-02 2000-12-06 Entsorga Italia S.R.L. A container for composting waste organic materials
WO2003006400A1 (en) * 2001-07-12 2003-01-23 Ouellette Joseph P Biomass heating system
JP2003251318A (en) * 2002-03-06 2003-09-09 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd Fermentation treatment apparatus for organic waste
EP1431262A1 (en) * 2002-12-18 2004-06-23 Entsorga Italia S.R.L. A method and a plant for the aerobic treatment of materials having a highly fermentable organic component
JP2005067918A (en) * 2003-08-28 2005-03-17 Furukawa Co Ltd Compost production apparatus
WO2005063946A1 (en) * 2003-12-31 2005-07-14 Iwi (Holdings) Limited Method and apparatus for processing mixed organic waste
EP1609773A2 (en) * 2004-06-22 2005-12-28 Ewald Harrer Method of aerating compost and device to carry out the method
EP1736461A1 (en) * 2005-06-24 2006-12-27 Bioe S.R.L. system and method for treatment of organic waste

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2015106321A1 (en) * 2014-01-17 2015-07-23 Hofstede Henricus Theodorus Aeration bed and composting system
AU2015207675B2 (en) * 2014-01-17 2019-05-30 Henricus Theodorus HOFSTEDE Aeration bed and composting system

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