WO2016029572A1 - 粉体烧结系统 - Google Patents

粉体烧结系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016029572A1
WO2016029572A1 PCT/CN2014/091941 CN2014091941W WO2016029572A1 WO 2016029572 A1 WO2016029572 A1 WO 2016029572A1 CN 2014091941 W CN2014091941 W CN 2014091941W WO 2016029572 A1 WO2016029572 A1 WO 2016029572A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
furnace body
powder
disposed
dispersing
funnel
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PCT/CN2014/091941
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
何向明
李建军
张建利
王莉
尚玉明
徐程浩
罗晶
高剑
Original Assignee
江苏华东锂电技术研究院有限公司
清华大学
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Application filed by 江苏华东锂电技术研究院有限公司, 清华大学 filed Critical 江苏华东锂电技术研究院有限公司
Publication of WO2016029572A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016029572A1/zh
Priority to US15/442,520 priority Critical patent/US20170167791A1/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
    • H01M4/0471—Processes of manufacture in general involving thermal treatment, e.g. firing, sintering, backing particulate active material, thermal decomposition, pyrolysis
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
    • F27D3/0033—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge charging of particulate material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B15/00—Fluidised-bed furnaces; Other furnaces using or treating finely-divided materials in dispersion
    • F27B15/003—Cyclones or chain of cyclones
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B15/00—Fluidised-bed furnaces; Other furnaces using or treating finely-divided materials in dispersion
    • F27B15/02—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types
    • F27B15/08—Arrangements of devices for charging
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B15/00—Fluidised-bed furnaces; Other furnaces using or treating finely-divided materials in dispersion
    • F27B15/02—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types
    • F27B15/09—Arrangements of devices for discharging
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B15/00—Fluidised-bed furnaces; Other furnaces using or treating finely-divided materials in dispersion
    • F27B15/02—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types
    • F27B15/10—Arrangements of air or gas supply devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B15/00—Fluidised-bed furnaces; Other furnaces using or treating finely-divided materials in dispersion
    • F27B15/02—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types
    • F27B15/14—Arrangements of heating devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B17/00—Furnaces of a kind not covered by any preceding group
    • F27B17/02—Furnaces of a kind not covered by any preceding group specially designed for laboratory use
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D7/00—Forming, maintaining, or circulating atmospheres in heating chambers
    • F27D7/06—Forming or maintaining special atmospheres or vacuum within heating chambers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
    • H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
    • H01M4/1391—Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
    • H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
    • H01M4/1397—Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
    • F27D2003/0034—Means for moving, conveying, transporting the charge in the furnace or in the charging facilities
    • F27D2003/0077—Use of centrifugal devices
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a powder sintering system, and more particularly to a powder sintering system under atmospheric protection conditions.
  • Powder usually refers to a collection of solid particles with a small size in a discrete state.
  • the human body breathes air containing powder for a long time, and excessive powder inhalation may accumulate in the lungs, which is extremely harmful to human health.
  • Sintering can transform the powder from a collection of discrete particles into a material or article of the crystal combination, which can effectively utilize the powder and reduce the environmental pollution of the powder.
  • a powder sintering system comprising: a furnace body having a closed funnel-shaped reaction chamber; at least one first dispersing device disposed at the bottom of the furnace body for making powder at the bottom of the furnace body Dispersing the body centrifugally and smashing the powder at the bottom of the furnace body to the side wall of the furnace body; at least one second dispersing device is disposed on the side wall of the furnace body for centrifugally dispersing the powder on the side wall of the furnace body, and The powder on the side wall of the furnace body is smashed into the funnel-shaped reaction chamber; a heating device is disposed on the outer surface of the furnace body; an air inlet device is used for inputting the shielding gas into the funnel-shaped reaction chamber; a device for discharging hot flue gas generated during sintering in the funnel-shaped reaction chamber; a feeding device; and a discharging device.
  • the present invention makes a reasonable arrangement of the dispersing device in the powder sintering system, and the dispersing device rapidly rotates and rotates the powder, thereby increasing the collision probability of the powder, thereby making the mixing of the powder more uniform.
  • a dispersing device is arranged at the bottom of the furnace body, the powder sintering system is dispersed and suspended in the sintering process, which is equivalent to sintering each particle separately, and the sintering temperature is relatively uniform, thereby achieving uniform mixing of the powder and Sintered organic bond.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a powder sintering system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view of a first dispersing device in a powder sintering system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a top plan view of the first dispersion device of Figure 2.
  • Powder sintering system 10 Furnace body 110 Funnel-shaped reaction chamber 112 Surface coating 114 First dispersion device 120 Dispersion wheel 122 Actuator 124 Second dispersion device 130 heating equipment 140 Intake device 150 Exhaust 160 Gas-solid separation unit 162 exhaust pipe 164 Automatic control valve 166 Gas buffer unit 168 Feeding device 170 Feed tube 172 Conical container 174 Gas replacement chamber 176 Discharge device 180 Discharge tube 182 Control valve 184 Vacuum pump 190 Pressure detecting device 200 Gas detection device 210
  • the present invention provides a powder sintering system 10 including a furnace body 110 , a first dispersing device 120 , a second dispersing device 130 , a heating device 140 , an air intake device 150 , and an exhaust gas .
  • the furnace body 110 has a closed funnel-shaped reaction chamber 112.
  • the upper portion of the furnace body 110 may be a hollow columnar structure, a hollow tapered structure, or a hollow mesa structure, etc.; the lower portion of the furnace body 110 may be a hollow mesa structure.
  • the upper portion of the furnace body 110 is a hollow columnar structure, and the lower portion of the furnace body 110 is a hollow platform structure.
  • the hollow columnar structure and the hollow mesa structure cooperate to form a closed funnel-shaped reaction chamber 112.
  • the hollow columnar structure may be a hollow cylinder or a prism.
  • the prism may be a quadrangular prism, a pentagonal prism or a hexagonal prism or the like.
  • the mesa structure may also be a truncated cone or a prism that cooperates with the cylinder or prism. It can be understood that when the prism body is a quadrangular prism, a pentagonal prism or a hexagonal prism, the prism can be a quadrangular pyramid, a pentagonal or a hexagonal prism.
  • the upper portion of the furnace body 110 is a hollow cylindrical structure, and the lower portion is a hollow circular table structure.
  • the material of the furnace body 110 is selected from a high temperature resistant material.
  • a surface coating layer 114 may be further disposed on the inner wall of the furnace body 110.
  • the surface coating layer 114 may be a ceramic coating, a graphite coating, a polytetrafluoroethylene coating, or other high temperature resistant coating.
  • the surface coating layer 114 can avoid the introduction of metal impurities such as iron, and the production process is relatively clean.
  • the first dispersing device 120 is configured to centrifugally disperse the powder at the bottom of the furnace body, and smash the powder at the bottom of the furnace body to the side wall of the furnace body to increase the collision probability of the powder, thereby uniformly mixing the powder.
  • the number of the first dispersing devices 120 may be designed as one, two or more according to actual needs.
  • the first dispersing device 120 is disposed at the bottom of the furnace body 110.
  • one of the first dispersing devices 120 is disposed at a central position of the bottom of the furnace body.
  • a first dispersing device 120 is disposed at a central position of the bottom surface of the hollow truncated cone structure.
  • the second dispersing device 130 is configured to centrifugally disperse the powder on the side wall of the furnace body and to pulverize the powder on the side wall of the furnace body to the inside of the funnel-shaped reaction chamber 112.
  • the second dispersing device 130 can smash the powder on the side wall of the furnace body to the central axis position of the funnel-shaped reaction chamber 112.
  • the number of the second dispersing devices 130 may be designed as one, two or more according to actual needs.
  • the second dispersing device 130 is disposed on a sidewall of the furnace body 110.
  • the second dispersing device 130 is disposed on a sidewall of the furnace body and disposed near the top of the furnace body.
  • the two or more second dispersing devices 130 may be disposed at the same height or different heights of the side walls of the furnace body.
  • the two or more second dispersing devices 130 are disposed at the same height of the side wall of the furnace body. More preferably, the number of the second dispersing devices 130 at the same height of the side wall of the furnace body is an even number, and the even number of second dispersing devices 130 of the same height are opposite to the central axis of the funnel-shaped reaction chamber 112.
  • the two opposite arrangements can make the powder sintering system 10 better fixed, and can be more favorable for the adjustment of the powder movement trajectory.
  • the distribution of the powder can be adjusted by adjusting the rotational speed of the second dispersing device 130 at different heights.
  • two second dispersing devices 130 are disposed, the two second dispersing devices 130 are disposed at the same height of the sidewall of the hollow cylinder, and the two second dispersing devices 130 are opposite to the funnel
  • the central axes of the reaction chambers 112 are oppositely disposed.
  • each of the first dispersing devices 120 includes a dispersion wheel 122, an actuator 124, and a circuit controller (not shown).
  • the dispersing wheel 122 is disposed inside the furnace body 110 for centrifugally dispersing the powder.
  • the material of the dispersing wheel 122 may be a high temperature resistant material such as ceramic or stainless steel alloy.
  • the speed of the dispersion wheel 122 ranges from 0 to 20000 r/min. Preferably, the speed of the dispersion wheel 122 ranges from 2000 to 10000 r/min.
  • the rotation speed range not only facilitates the fine centrifugation of the powder, but also uniformly mixes the powder; and is advantageous for the fixation of the powder sintering system 10 and is advantageous for reducing energy consumption.
  • the actuator 124 is disposed outside the furnace body 110 for driving the dispersion wheel 122 to rotate at a certain rotation speed.
  • the actuator 124 can be a magnetic coupling actuator, a motor control actuator or a mechanical actuator or the like.
  • the circuit controller is coupled to the actuator 124 and provides power to the actuator 124.
  • the rotating shaft of the dispersing wheel 122 is parallel to the central axis of the funnel-shaped reaction chamber 112, and the dispersing wheel 122 is a hollow cage stirrer. When rotating at a high speed, the center generates a negative pressure, and the powder is powdered. Body to four weeks.
  • the structure, material, and rotational speed of the second dispersing device 130 are the same as those of the first dispersing device 120. The only difference is that, preferably, the rotation axis of the dispersion wheel 122 of the second dispersion device 130 is perpendicular to the central axis of the funnel-shaped reaction chamber 112.
  • the heating device 140 includes a heating element 142 and a thermocouple (not shown).
  • the heating element 142 is sleeved on the outside of the furnace body 110 for heating the furnace body 110.
  • the heating device 140 can bring the temperature in the funnel-shaped reaction chamber 112 to 100 ° C to 1300 ° C.
  • the heating element 142 of the heating device 140 is a resistance wire wound around the outer surface of the furnace body 110.
  • the thermocouple is disposed inside the funnel-shaped reaction chamber 112 for detecting and controlling the temperature in the funnel-shaped reaction chamber 112.
  • the heating device 140 may further include an insulating layer (not shown) and a protective layer (not shown).
  • the insulating layer and the protective layer are sequentially sleeved on the outer surface of the heating element 142.
  • the air intake device 150 is configured to input a shielding gas, such as an oxidizing gas, a reducing gas or an inert gas, into the funnel-shaped reaction chamber 112, and includes at least two intake pipes 152 and one and the at least two A gas supply device (not shown) to which the intake pipe 152 is connected.
  • the position and arrangement of the air outlet of the intake pipe 152 are not limited.
  • an air outlet of the intake pipe 152 is disposed at a sidewall of the furnace disposed between the top of the furnace body 110 and the second dispersing device 130, and the direction of the intake pipe 152 is inclined downward and An angle greater than 0 degrees and less than 90 degrees is formed with the central axis of the funnel-shaped reaction chamber 112.
  • the trajectory of the powder in the funnel-shaped reaction chamber 112 can be adjusted, thereby achieving an organic combination of uniform mixing of the powder and sintering.
  • the direction of the intake pipe 152 is inclined downward and forms an angle of 30 degrees or more and 60 degrees or less with the central axis of the funnel-shaped reaction chamber 112.
  • the direction of the intake pipe 152 is inclined downward and forms an angle of 45 degrees with the central axis of the funnel-shaped reaction chamber 112.
  • the number of the intake pipes 152 can be correspondingly set according to the number of the second dispersing devices 130.
  • an air intake pipe 152 is disposed corresponding to each of the second dispersion device 130 of the hollow cylindrical structure and the sidewall of the furnace body between the tops of the furnace body 110.
  • a high temperature resistant filter may be respectively disposed at the air outlet of each intake pipe 152.
  • the exhaust device 160 is used to discharge the sintered product such as hot flue gas in the sintering process in time.
  • the exhaust device 160 includes a gas-solid separation unit 162, an exhaust pipe 164, an automatic control valve 166, and a gas buffer unit 168.
  • the gas-solid separation unit 162 is disposed at the top of the furnace body 110 for preventing clogging of the exhaust pipe 164.
  • the gas-solid separation unit 162 includes a high temperature resistant element such as a gas-solid separator, a screen, and a pulse reverse gassing element.
  • the gas buffer unit 168 is disposed at an end of the gas-solid separation unit 162 away from the furnace body 110.
  • the exhaust pipe 164 is disposed at an end of the gas buffer unit 168 away from the furnace body 110.
  • the automatic control valve 166 is disposed on the duct of the exhaust pipe 164. When the pressure in the funnel-shaped reaction chamber 112 exceeds a set value, the valve of the automatic control valve 166 can automatically open the exhaust.
  • the feeding device 170 is also disposed at the top of the furnace body, so that the powder can be lowered to the bottom of the furnace body 110 by its own gravity.
  • the feeding device 170 includes a feed tube 172, a conical container 174, and a butterfly valve (not shown).
  • the butterfly valve is located between the feed tube 172 and the conical container 174, and the conical container 174 is interconnected with the funnel-shaped reaction chamber 112 through the feed tube 172.
  • the feeding device 170 may further include a gas replacement chamber 176 for removing oxygen inside the powder and filling the powder with a protective gas such as nitrogen.
  • the gas replacement chamber 176 is disposed at an end of the conical container 174 away from the furnace body 110.
  • the powder may be temporarily transferred into the conical container 174 in the feeding device 170 by means of a flap, and when the feed is required, the powder passes through the The butterfly valve is diverted from the conical container 174 into the feed tube 172 and is gradually fed into the funnel-shaped reaction chamber 112 through the feed tube 172.
  • the discharging device 180 is disposed at a lower portion of the side wall of the furnace body 110 for outputting the sintered powder from the funnel-shaped reaction chamber 112.
  • the discharge device 180 includes a discharge tube 182 and a control valve 184.
  • the control valve 184 is disposed on the pipe of the discharge pipe 182, and when the material needs to be discharged after the sintering of the powder is completed, the control valve 184 is opened to discharge. It can be understood that the number of the feeding device 170 and the discharging device 180 may also be two or more.
  • the powder sintering system 10 may further include a vacuuming device 190 for extracting air from the funnel-shaped reaction chamber 112.
  • a vacuuming device 190 for extracting air from the funnel-shaped reaction chamber 112.
  • the interface of the vacuuming device 190 is disposed at an end of the gas-solid separation unit 162 away from the furnace body 110.
  • the powder sintering system 10 may further include a pressure detecting device 200 and/or a gas detecting device 210.
  • the pressure detecting device 200 is for detecting a gas pressure in the funnel-shaped reaction chamber 112 for detecting a gas component in the funnel-shaped reaction chamber 112.
  • the pressure detecting device 200 and the gas detecting device 210 may be disposed at the top of the furnace body 110.
  • the powder sintering system 10 may further include a window (not shown) to facilitate observation of the state of the powder in the funnel-shaped reaction chamber 112.
  • the window may be disposed on a side wall or a top of the furnace body 110.
  • the powder sintering system 10 can be used for preparing a positive active material or a negative active material of a lithium ion battery, mainly a lithium transition metal composite oxide active material, such as lithium iron phosphate, lithium cobaltate, lithium manganate, lithium nickelate and Lithium titanate and the like.
  • a lithium transition metal composite oxide active material such as lithium iron phosphate, lithium cobaltate, lithium manganate, lithium nickelate and Lithium titanate and the like.
  • the working principle of the powder sintering system 10 is: vacuuming the funnel-shaped reaction chamber 112 before sintering, and stopping the vacuum when the degree of vacuum in the funnel-shaped reaction chamber 112 reaches a certain level, and moving to the funnel-shaped reaction chamber 112 A protective gas such as nitrogen gas is passed through, and the gas detecting device 210 repeatedly detects the gas content at the gas detecting port until the gas in the funnel-shaped reaction chamber 112 reaches the technical index; the powder is repeatedly passed through the gas replacing chamber 176 in the feeding device 170. After the replacement, the powder is input into the funnel-shaped reaction chamber 112 through the feed pipe 172, and the powder falls by its own gravity.
  • the powder When it contacts the first dispersing device 120 at the bottom of the furnace body 110, the powder is under strong centrifugal action. , being raked to the inner wall of the furnace body 110 and spiraled up along the inner wall of the furnace body 110 while being heated to achieve a sintering process of the powder; when the powder rises to the upper two second dispersion devices 130, it is again It is centrifuged at high speed and is raked to the center of the funnel-shaped reaction chamber 112, and falls under the action of gravity. This process is repeated to achieve uniform mixing of the powder and final sintering.
  • the powder sintering system provided by the embodiment of the invention has the following characteristics: Firstly, the dynamic sintering of the powder inside the furnace body is realized by a reasonable layout dispersing device, and the powder can be uniformly dispersed in the sintering process. Secondly, through the cooperation of the dispersing device and the air intake device and the exhaust device, large-scale industrial continuous production of the product is realized, and the consistency of the powder sintered product is greatly improved. Third, in the powder sintering process, only the intake pipe, the exhaust pipe, and the feed port are in contact with the outside, so that the sealing property of the powder sintering system is good. Fourth, since the protective gas can be stopped after the gas in the reaction chamber is replaced in the sintering process, the powder sintering system can save the gas amount. In addition, the powder sintering system also has the outstanding advantages of a small footprint.

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  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
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Abstract

一种粉体烧结系统，包括，一炉体（110），所述炉体具有一封闭的漏斗状反应腔（112）；至少一个第一分散装置（120），设置于所述炉体的底部，用于使炉体底部的粉体离心分散，并将炉体底部的粉体甩至炉体侧壁；至少一个第二分散装置（130），设置于所述炉体的侧壁，用于使炉体侧壁的粉体离心分散，并将炉体侧壁的粉体甩至漏斗状反应腔内；一加热装置（140），设置于所述炉体的外表面；一进气装置（150），用于向漏斗状反应腔内输入保护气体；一排气装置（160），用于将漏斗状反应腔内烧结过程中产生的热烟气排出；一进料装置（170）；以及一出料装置（180）。

Description

粉体烧结系统 技术领域
本发明涉及一种粉体烧结系统，尤其涉及一种气氛保护条件下的粉体烧结系统。
背景技术
粉体通常是指离散状态下尺寸较小的固体颗粒的集合体，人体长期呼吸含有粉体的空气，粉体吸入过多会堆积在肺部，对人体健康产生极大的危害。烧结可使粉体由离散颗粒的集合体转变为晶体结合体的材料或制品，可以使粉体得到有效的利用，并且降低粉体对环境的污染。
现有的粉体烧结系统大多采用静态烧结，烧结过程中粉体呈堆积状态，造成粉体内外烧结温度相差较大，且粉体原料混合不均匀，进而存在粉体烧结不均衡，部分粉体在烧结空间内烧结不够充分，产品成品率不高等问题。
发明内容
有鉴于此，确有必要提供一种可以实现粉体动态烧结的粉体烧结系统。
一种粉体烧结系统，包括，一炉体，所述炉体具有一封闭的漏斗状反应腔；至少一个第一分散装置，设置于所述炉体的底部，用于使炉体底部的粉体离心分散，并将炉体底部的粉体甩至炉体侧壁；至少一个第二分散装置，设置于所述炉体的侧壁，用于使炉体侧壁的粉体离心分散，并将炉体侧壁的粉体甩至漏斗状反应腔内；一加热装置，设置于所述炉体的外表面；一进气装置，用于向漏斗状反应腔内输入保护气体；一排气装置，用于将漏斗状反应腔内烧结过程中产生的热烟气排出；一进料装置；以及一出料装置。
与现有技术相比较，本发明通过在粉体烧结系统中合理布局分散装置，该分散装置使粉体快速升降旋转，提高了粉体的碰撞几率，从而使粉体的混合更均匀。而且由于在炉体底部设置一分散装置，使得该粉体烧结系统在烧结过程中粉体呈分散的悬浮状态，相当于每个颗粒单独烧结，烧结温度比较均一，从而实现粉体的均匀混合和烧结的有机结合。
 附图说明
图1为本发明实施例粉体烧结系统的剖面示意图。
图2为本发明实施例粉体烧结系统中第一分散装置的立体示意图。
图3为图2中第一分散装置的俯视示意图。
主要元件符号说明
粉体烧结系统 10
炉体 110
漏斗状反应腔 112
表面涂覆层 114
第一分散装置 120
分散轮 122
传动器 124
第二分散装置 130
加热装置 140
进气装置 150
排气装置 160
气固分离单元 162
排气管 164
自动控制阀 166
气体缓冲单元 168
进料装置 170
进料管 172
锥形容器 174
气体置换室 176
出料装置 180
出料管 182
控制阀 184
抽真空装置 190
压力检测装置 200
气体检测装置 210
如下具体实施方式将结合上述附图进一步说明本发明。
具体实施方式
下面将结合附图及具体实施例对本发明提供的粉体烧结系统10作进一步的详细说明。
请参阅图1，本发明提供一种粉体烧结系统10，包括一炉体110、一第一分散装置120、一第二分散装置130、一加热装置140、一进气装置150、一排气装置160、一进料装置170以及一出料装置180。
所述炉体110具有一封闭的漏斗状反应腔112。所述炉体110的上部可以为一中空的柱状结构、中空的锥形结构、或中空的台状结构等；所述炉体110的下部可以为一中空的台状结构。优选的，所述炉体110的上部为一中空的柱状结构，所述炉体110的下部为一中空的台状结构。所述中空的柱状结构和中空的台状结构相互配合从而合围形成一封闭的漏斗状反应腔112。所述中空的柱状结构可以为一中空的圆柱体或棱柱体。所述棱柱体可以是四棱柱、五棱柱或六棱柱等。所述台状结构也可以为与所述圆柱体或棱柱体相互配合的圆台或棱台。可以理解，当所述棱柱体为四棱柱、五棱柱或六棱柱时，所述棱台可以是与其相互配合的四棱台、五棱台或六棱台。本实施例中，所述炉体110的上部为一中空圆柱体结构，下部为一中空圆台结构。所述炉体110的材料选自耐高温材料。进一步的，为了防止粉体在烧结过程中粘附于所述炉体110的内壁，可以进一步在所述炉体110的内壁设置一表面涂覆层114。该表面涂覆层114可以为陶瓷类涂层、石墨类涂层、聚四氟乙烯涂层或其它耐高温涂层。该表面涂覆层114可以避免铁等金属杂质的引入，使生产过程比较洁净。
所述第一分散装置120用于使炉体底部的粉体离心分散，并将炉体底部的粉体甩至炉体侧壁，提高粉体的碰撞几率，从而使粉体混合均匀。所述第一分散装置120的数量可以根据实际需要设计为一个、两个或多个。所述第一分散装置120设置于所述炉体110的底部。优选的，所述炉体底部的中心位置设置一个所述第一分散装置120。本实施例中，包括一个第一分散装置120设置于所述中空圆台结构的底面的中心位置。
所述第二分散装置130用于使炉体侧壁的粉体再次离心分散，并将炉体侧壁的粉体甩至漏斗状反应腔112内部。优选的，所述第二分散装置130可以将炉体侧壁的粉体甩至漏斗状反应腔112的中心轴位置。所述第二分散装置130的数量可以根据实际需要设计为一个、两个或多个。所述第二分散装置130设置于所述炉体110的侧壁，优选的，所述第二分散装置130设置于炉体侧壁且靠近所述炉体顶部设置。当所述第二分散装置130的数量为两个以上时，所述两个以上第二分散装置130可以设置于所述炉体侧壁的同一高度或不同高度。优选的，所述两个以上第二分散装置130设置于所述炉体侧壁的同一高度。更优选的，所述炉体侧壁同一高度的所述第二分散装置130的数量为偶数个，且同一高度的偶数个第二分散装置130相对于所述漏斗状反应腔112的中心轴两两相对设置，可以使所述粉体烧结系统10得到更好的固定，以及可以更有利于粉体运动轨迹的调节。当在所述炉体110侧壁的多个不同高度上分别设置第二分散装置130时，可以通过调节位于不同高度上的第二分散装置130的转速来调节粉体的分布。本实施例中，包括两个第二分散装置130，该两个第二分散装置130设置于所述中空圆柱体侧壁的同一高度上，且该两个第二分散装置130相对于所述漏斗状反应腔112的中心轴相对设置。
请参阅图2-3，每一个第一分散装置120包括一分散轮122、一传动器124以及一电路控制器（图中未标识）。所述分散轮122设置于所述炉体110的内部，用于使粉体离心分散。所述分散轮122的材质可以为陶瓷、不锈钢合金等耐高温材质。所述分散轮122的转速范围为0~20000r/min。优选的，所述分散轮122的转速范围为2000~10000r/min。该转速范围不仅有利于粉体很好的离心，使粉体均匀混合；而且有利于粉体烧结系统10的固定，并有利于降低能耗。所述传动器124设置于所述炉体110的外部，用于驱动所述分散轮122以一定转速转动。所述传动器124可以为磁力耦合传动器、电机控制传动器或机械传动器等。所述电路控制器与所述传动器124连接，并为所述传动器124提供电力。本实施例中，所述分散轮122的旋转轴与所述漏斗状反应腔112的中心轴平行，所述分散轮122为中空的笼式搅拌器，高速旋转时，中心产生负压，将粉体甩至四周。
所述第二分散装置130的结构、材料以及转速等均与所述第一分散装置120相同。其不同仅在于，优选的，所述第二分散装置130的分散轮122的旋转轴与所述漏斗状反应腔112的中心轴垂直。
所述加热装置140包括一加热元件142以及一热电偶（图中未标识）。所述加热元件142套设于所述炉体110的外部，用于加热所述炉体110。所述加热装置140可以使所述漏斗状反应腔112内的温度达到100℃~1300℃。本实施例中，所述加热装置140的加热元件142为一电阻丝，该电阻丝绕设在炉体110的外表面。所述热电偶设置于所述漏斗状反应腔112的内部，用于对漏斗状反应腔112内的温度进行探测及控制。
所述加热装置140可进一步包括一保温层（图中未标识）以及一保护层（图中未标识）。所述保温层及保护层依次套设在所述加热元件142的外表面。
所述进气装置150用于向所述漏斗状反应腔112内输入保护气体，例如氧化性气体、还原性气体或惰性气体等，其包括至少两个进气管152以及一与所述至少两个进气管152相连接的气体供应装置（图中未标示）。所述进气管152的出气口的位置及设置方式不限。优选地，所述进气管152的出气口设置于设置于所述炉体110的顶部与所述第二分散装置130之间的炉体侧壁，且所述进气管152的方向倾斜向下并与所述漏斗状反应腔112的中心轴形成一大于0度且小于90度的夹角。这样设置的好处的是：可以调节粉体在漏斗状反应腔112内的运动轨迹，从而实现粉体的均匀混合和烧结的有机结合。更优选的，所述进气管152的方向倾斜向下并与所述漏斗状反应腔112的中心轴形成一大于等于30度且小于等于60度的夹角。本实施例中，所述进气管152的方向倾斜向下并与所述漏斗状反应腔112的中心轴形成一45度的夹角。可以理解，所述进气管152的数量可以根据所述第二分散装置130的数量对应设置。本实施例中，设置于所述中空圆柱体结构的每一第二分散装置130与所述炉体110顶部之间的炉体侧壁均对应设置有一进气管152。为了防止所述进气管152被高温破坏，可以在每一进气管152的出气口处分别设置一耐高温滤网。
所述排气装置160用于将烧结过程中的热烟气等烧结产物及时排出。所述排气装置160包括一气固分离单元162、一排气管164、一自动控制阀166以及一气体缓冲单元168。所述气固分离单元162设置于所述炉体110的顶部，用于防止排气管164的堵塞。所述气固分离单元162包括气固分离器、筛网以及脉冲反向充气元件等耐高温元件。所述气体缓冲单元168设置于所述气固分离单元162远离所述炉体110的一端。所述排气管164设置于所述气体缓冲单元168远离所述炉体110的一端。所述自动控制阀166设置于所述排气管164的管道上，当漏斗状反应腔112内的压力超过设定值时，自动控制阀166的阀门可以自动打开排气。
所述进料装置170也设置于所述炉体的顶部，进而可以使粉体利用自身重力下降到炉体110的底部。所述进料装置170包括一进料管172、一锥形容器174以及一蝶阀（图中未标识）。所述蝶阀位于所述进料管172与锥形容器174之间，所述锥形容器174通过所述进料管172与所述漏斗状反应腔112相互连接。所述进料装置170还可以包括一气体置换室176，用于除去粉体内部的氧气，并使粉体之间充满氮气等保护性气体。所述气体置换室176设置于所述锥形容器174远离所述炉体110的一端。粉体在所述气体置换室176中经过反复置换后，可以通过翻板的形式转入所述进料装置170中的锥形容器174中暂存，当需要进料时，粉体通过所述蝶阀从所述锥形容器174转入到进料管172中，并通过进料管172向所述漏斗状反应腔112内逐渐进料。
所述出料装置180设置于所述炉体110侧壁的下部，用于将烧结后的粉体从漏斗状反应腔112内输出。所述出料装置180包括一出料管182以及一控制阀184。所述控制阀184设置在所述出料管182的管道上，当粉体烧结完成后需要出料时，打开该控制阀184出料。可以理解，所述进料装置170以及出料装置180的数量也可以为两个或多个。
所述粉体烧结系统10还可以进一步包括一抽真空装置190，用于将漏斗状反应腔112内的空气抽出。优选的，该抽真空装置190的接口设置于所述气固分离单元162远离所述炉体110的一端。
所述粉体烧结系统10可进一步包括压力检测装置200和/或气体检测装置210。该压力检测装置200用于检测漏斗状反应腔112内的气体压力，该气体检测装置210用于检测漏斗状反应腔112内的气体组分。该压力检测装置200以及气体检测装置210可以设置于所述炉体110的顶部。
所述粉体烧结系统10可进一步包括一可视窗（图未标），便于对漏斗状反应腔112中粉体的状态进行观察。该可视窗可以设置在所述炉体110的侧壁或顶部。
该粉体烧结系统10可以用于制备锂离子电池正极活性材料或负极活性材料，主要是锂过渡金属复合氧化物类活性材料，例如磷酸铁锂、钴酸锂、锰酸锂、镍酸锂及钛酸锂等。
所述粉体烧结系统10的工作原理为：在烧结前对漏斗状反应腔112进行抽真空，当漏斗状反应腔112内的真空度达到一定程度后停止抽真空，并向漏斗状反应腔112内通氮气等保护气体，利用气体检测装置210在气体检测口反复多次检测气体含量直至漏斗状反应腔112内的气体达到技术指标；粉体经过进料装置170中的气体置换室176进行反复置换后，将粉体通过进料管172输入到漏斗状反应腔112内，粉体靠自身重力作用下落，当接触到炉体110底部的第一分散装置120时，粉体在强离心作用下，被甩至炉体110的内壁，并沿着炉体110的内壁螺旋上升，同时被加热，实现粉体的烧结过程；当粉体上升到上部的两个第二分散装置130时，再次被高速离心，并被甩到漏斗状反应腔112中心，在重力作用下下落，反复此过程，实现粉体的均匀混合，以及最终烧结。
本发明实施例提供的粉体烧结系统具有以下特点：其一，通过合理布局分散装置，实现粉体在炉体内部的动态烧结，可以使粉体在烧结过程中均匀分散。其二，通过分散装置与进气装置和排气装置的配合实现了产品大规模工业化连续生产，大大提高了粉体烧结产品的一致性。其三，在粉体烧结过程中，仅进气管、排气管以及进料口与外界接触，使得粉体烧结系统的密闭性良好。其四，由于在烧结过程中反应腔内气体置换完毕后，即可停止通入保护气体，所以该粉体烧结系统可以节约气体用量。另外，该粉体烧结系统还具有占地空间小等突出优点。
另外，本领域技术人员还可在本发明精神内做其他变化，当然，这些依据本发明精神所做的变化，都应包含在本发明所要求保护的范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种粉体烧结系统，其特征在于，包括：
    一炉体，所述炉体具有一封闭的漏斗状反应腔；
    至少一个第一分散装置，设置于所述炉体的底部，用于使炉体底部的粉体离心分散，并将炉体底部的粉体甩至炉体侧壁；
    至少一个第二分散装置，设置于所述炉体的侧壁，用于使炉体侧壁的粉体离心分散，并将炉体侧壁的粉体甩至漏斗状反应腔内；
    一加热装置，设置于所述炉体的外表面；
    一进气装置，用于向漏斗状反应腔内输入保护气体；
    一排气装置，用于将漏斗状反应腔内烧结过程中产生的热烟气排出；
    一进料装置；以及
    一出料装置。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的粉体烧结系统，其特征在于，所述炉体的上部为一中空的柱状结构，下部为一中空的台状结构，所述中空的柱状结构和中空的台状结构合围形成一封闭的漏斗状反应腔。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的粉体烧结系统，其特征在于，所述炉体底部的中心位置设置一个所述第一分散装置。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的粉体烧结系统，其特征在于，所述至少一个第二分散装置设置于炉体侧壁且靠近所述炉体的顶部设置。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的粉体烧结系统，其特征在于，当所述第二分散装置的数量为两个以上时，所述两个以上第二分散装置设置于所述炉体侧壁的同一高度或不同高度。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的粉体烧结系统，其特征在于，所述炉体侧壁同一高度的所述第二分散装置的数量为偶数个，且同一高度的偶数个第二分散装置相对于所述漏斗状反应腔的中心轴两两相对设置。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的粉体烧结系统，其特征在于，所述至少一个第一分散装置以及至少一个第二分散装置均包括一分散轮以及一传动器，所述分散轮设置于所述炉体的内部，用于使粉体高速离心；所述传动器设置于所述炉体的外部，用于驱动所述分散轮转动。
  8. 如权利要求1所述的粉体烧结系统，其特征在于，所述进气装置包括至少两个进气管，所述进气管的出气口设置于所述炉体顶部与所述第二分散装置之间的炉体侧壁，且所述进气管的方向倾斜向下并与所述漏斗状反应腔的中心轴形成一大于0度且小于90度的夹角。
  9. 如权利要求1所述的粉体烧结系统，其特征在于，所述排气装置包括一气固分离单元、一排气管以及一自动控制阀，所述气固分离单元设置于所述炉体的顶部，所述排气管设置于所述气固分离单元远离所述炉体的一端，所述自动控制阀设置于所述排气管的管道上。
  10. 如权利要求1所述的粉体烧结系统，其特征在于，所述进料装置包括一进料管、一锥形容器、一蝶阀以及一气体置换室，所述蝶阀位于所述进料管与锥形容器之间，所述锥形容器通过所述进料管与所述漏斗状反应腔相互连接，所述气体置换室设置于所述锥形容器远离所述炉体的一端。
PCT/CN2014/091941 2014-08-29 2014-11-21 粉体烧结系统 WO2016029572A1 (zh)

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