WO2016027464A1 - 液圧駆動システム - Google Patents
液圧駆動システム Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2016027464A1 WO2016027464A1 PCT/JP2015/004128 JP2015004128W WO2016027464A1 WO 2016027464 A1 WO2016027464 A1 WO 2016027464A1 JP 2015004128 W JP2015004128 W JP 2015004128W WO 2016027464 A1 WO2016027464 A1 WO 2016027464A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- torque
- calculation unit
- tilt angle
- injection amount
- target
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B1/00—Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders
- F04B1/12—Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
- F04B1/26—Control
- F04B1/30—Control of machines or pumps with rotary cylinder blocks
- F04B1/32—Control of machines or pumps with rotary cylinder blocks by varying the relative positions of a swash plate and a cylinder block
- F04B1/324—Control of machines or pumps with rotary cylinder blocks by varying the relative positions of a swash plate and a cylinder block by changing the inclination of the swash plate
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
- B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
- B60W10/08—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of electric propulsion units, e.g. motors or generators
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
- B60W20/10—Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand
- B60W20/15—Control strategies specially adapted for achieving a particular effect
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
- E02F9/20—Drives; Control devices
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
- E02F9/20—Drives; Control devices
- E02F9/2058—Electric or electro-mechanical or mechanical control devices of vehicle sub-units
- E02F9/2062—Control of propulsion units
- E02F9/2075—Control of propulsion units of the hybrid type
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
- E02F9/20—Drives; Control devices
- E02F9/22—Hydraulic or pneumatic drives
- E02F9/2221—Control of flow rate; Load sensing arrangements
- E02F9/2232—Control of flow rate; Load sensing arrangements using one or more variable displacement pumps
- E02F9/2235—Control of flow rate; Load sensing arrangements using one or more variable displacement pumps including an electronic controller
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B67/00—Engines characterised by the arrangement of auxiliary apparatus not being otherwise provided for, e.g. the apparatus having different functions; Driving auxiliary apparatus from engines, not otherwise provided for
- F02B67/08—Engines characterised by the arrangement of auxiliary apparatus not being otherwise provided for, e.g. the apparatus having different functions; Driving auxiliary apparatus from engines, not otherwise provided for of non-mechanically driven auxiliary apparatus
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D29/00—Controlling engines, such controlling being peculiar to the devices driven thereby, the devices being other than parts or accessories essential to engine operation, e.g. controlling of engines by signals external thereto
- F02D29/04—Controlling engines, such controlling being peculiar to the devices driven thereby, the devices being other than parts or accessories essential to engine operation, e.g. controlling of engines by signals external thereto peculiar to engines driving pumps
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B17/00—Pumps characterised by combination with, or adaptation to, specific driving engines or motors
- F04B17/05—Pumps characterised by combination with, or adaptation to, specific driving engines or motors driven by internal-combustion engines
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F3/00—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines
- E02F3/04—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven
- E02F3/28—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with digging tools mounted on a dipper- or bucket-arm, i.e. there is either one arm or a pair of arms, e.g. dippers, buckets
- E02F3/30—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with digging tools mounted on a dipper- or bucket-arm, i.e. there is either one arm or a pair of arms, e.g. dippers, buckets with a dipper-arm pivoted on a cantilever beam, i.e. boom
- E02F3/32—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with digging tools mounted on a dipper- or bucket-arm, i.e. there is either one arm or a pair of arms, e.g. dippers, buckets with a dipper-arm pivoted on a cantilever beam, i.e. boom working downwardly and towards the machine, e.g. with backhoes
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
- E02F9/20—Drives; Control devices
- E02F9/2004—Control mechanisms, e.g. control levers
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
- E02F9/20—Drives; Control devices
- E02F9/22—Hydraulic or pneumatic drives
- E02F9/2221—Control of flow rate; Load sensing arrangements
- E02F9/2232—Control of flow rate; Load sensing arrangements using one or more variable displacement pumps
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
- E02F9/20—Drives; Control devices
- E02F9/22—Hydraulic or pneumatic drives
- E02F9/2278—Hydraulic circuits
- E02F9/2296—Systems with a variable displacement pump
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a hydraulic drive system that controls the tilt angle of a variable displacement hydraulic pump that is driven by an engine and an electric motor and changes the discharge amount in accordance with the tilt angle.
- Construction machines and the like are equipped with a hydraulic pump, and pressure oil is discharged from the hydraulic pump when an operation lever or the like is operated.
- the discharged pressure oil is guided to a hydraulic actuator such as a hydraulic cylinder to operate the hydraulic actuator.
- the arm, boom, and the like are moved by operating the hydraulic actuator.
- the hydraulic pump is connected to the engine and the electric motor via a rotating shaft, and is rotated by the engine and the electric motor.
- a construction machine disclosed in Patent Document 1 is known.
- the engine is controlled by a control device so that the engine speed becomes a rotation speed command.
- the hydraulic pump is loaded, such as when a hydraulic actuator is driven, the engine speed is increased. The number drops.
- the control device moves the electric motor to assist the engine. In this way, the control device keeps the engine speed constant (specifically, the engine speed command).
- the upper limit value of the absorption torque of the hydraulic pump is reduced.
- the upper limit value of the absorption torque is set according to the engine speed deviation ⁇ N (deviation between the actual speed and the target speed) based on predetermined control characteristics.
- the upper limit value of the absorption torque is determined according to the rotation speed deviation ⁇ N. Therefore, when a large load is applied to the hydraulic pump and the engine speed rapidly decreases, the upper limit value of the absorption torque cannot be suppressed unless the engine speed deviation ⁇ N reaches the set value. Then, a time lag occurs in the engine assist with respect to the engine speed reduction. Therefore, the engine speed may decrease excessively.
- the present invention provides a hydraulic drive system that can reduce the output torque of the hydraulic pump so that the engine speed does not decrease excessively.
- the hydraulic drive system of the present invention is driven by an engine output torque, and is a variable displacement hydraulic pump that discharges a pressure amount of hydraulic fluid according to the tilt angle, and an input tilt angle command.
- a tilt angle adjusting device that adjusts the tilt angle of the hydraulic pump, an electric motor that rotates the hydraulic pump by assisting an output torque of the engine, and a target in which the rotational speed of the engine is set in advance
- the control device includes a target assist torque calculation unit, a target assist torque limiting unit, a drive control unit, an insufficient torque calculation unit, a tilt angle calculation unit, and a tilt angle control unit, and the target assist torque
- the arithmetic unit is The target assist torque output from the electric motor assisting the engine is calculated, the target assist torque limiting unit limits the target assist torque to an output value equal to or less than a
- the target assist torque when the target assist torque becomes equal to or greater than the limit value, the target assist torque is limited to an output value equal to or less than the limit value, and a command torque corresponding to the output value is output from the electric motor.
- the shortage torque calculating unit calculates the shortage torque that is insufficient due to the target assist torque being limited to the limit value or less.
- a tilt angle command value for discharging a corrected flow rate obtained by subtracting the reduced flow rate corresponding to the insufficient torque from the required flow rate from the hydraulic pump is calculated by the tilt angle calculation unit. Further, the tilt angle control unit controls the tilt angle control device so that the tilt angle becomes the tilt angle command value.
- the output torque of the hydraulic pump can be reduced by the insufficient torque, and the engine speed can be prevented from dropping due to insufficient torque.
- the tilt angle control can be performed before the engine speed rapidly decreases. Therefore, it is possible to suppress an excessive decrease in the engine rotational speed as compared with the conventional technique that adjusts the tilt angle based on the rotational speed difference.
- the control device includes a reduction torque estimation unit, an excess / deficiency calculation unit, and a torque correction unit, and the reduction torque estimation unit determines the tilt angle of the hydraulic pump as the tilt angle.
- a reduction torque in the hydraulic pump is estimated by tilt angle control adjusted to a command value, and the excess / deficiency calculation unit is caused by a response delay of the tilt angle of the hydraulic pump in the tilt angle control,
- the torque correction unit adds the torque reduction excess / deficiency to the output value.
- the output value may be corrected.
- the excess or deficiency of the reduced torque due to the response delay in the tilt angle control can be compensated by increasing or decreasing the output torque of the motor. Therefore, it can suppress that assist torque runs short with a response delay, and it can suppress that the rotation speed of an engine falls.
- the reduced torque estimating unit may estimate the reduced torque by a transfer function including a first-order lag element.
- the reduction torque can be calculated more closely. Thereby, the fall of the rotation speed of an engine can further be suppressed.
- control device may include a command torque limiter, and the command torque limiter may limit the command torque to a maximum allowable torque that is greater than the limit value.
- the apparatus includes a power supply device that supplies power to the electric motor, and a state value detection sensor that detects a state value indicating a state of the power supply device, and the target assist torque limiting unit detects the state detection value.
- the limit value may be changed according to the result.
- the limit value can be changed according to the state of the power supply device. Therefore, the situation which cannot output command torque from an electric motor can be controlled.
- the control device includes a target fuel injection amount calculation unit, an injection amount restriction unit, an actual torque calculation unit, a target torque calculation unit, and a differential torque calculation unit, and the target fuel injection amount
- the calculation unit calculates a target fuel injection amount corresponding to the target rotational speed
- the injection amount restriction unit calculates the actual fuel injection amount step by step until the target fuel injection amount calculated by the target fuel injection amount calculation unit.
- the actual fuel injection amount is determined such that the time change rate of the actual fuel injection amount during the increase is less than or equal to a predetermined value, and the actual torque calculation unit is detected by the rotational speed sensor.
- An actual torque output from the engine is calculated based on the actual rotational speed and the actual fuel injection amount determined by the injection amount limiting unit, and the target torque calculating unit detects the actual torque detected by the rotational speed sensor.
- Rotation speed and target fuel injection amount calculation The target torque to be applied to the rotating shaft is calculated based on the target fuel injection amount calculated in step (i), and the differential torque calculation unit is configured to calculate the actual torque relative to the target torque calculated in the target torque calculation unit.
- a difference torque that is insufficient with the actual torque calculated by the calculation unit may be calculated, and the target assist torque calculation unit may calculate the target assist torque based on the difference torque calculated by the difference torque calculation unit.
- the output torque of the engine becomes insufficient by limiting the time change rate of the actual fuel injection amount, but the insufficient output torque is calculated in advance as a differential torque.
- the torque output from the entire hydraulic drive system can be brought close to the target torque even if the actual fuel injection amount is limited, and the torque output from the entire hydraulic drive system is reduced. Can be suppressed.
- the amount of change in the output torque due to the time rate of change being limited is estimated in advance, and the shortage of torque is output to the motor to cope with it. It is possible to suppress an excessive decrease in the rotational speed of the engine E as compared with the case of adjusting the torque according to the deviation. As a result, it is possible to suppress a decrease in fuel consumption of the engine due to an excessive decrease in the rotational speed.
- the control device includes an actual fuel injection amount calculation unit, a torque change estimation unit, and a change torque calculation unit, wherein the fuel injection amount calculation unit is an actual fuel injection according to a target rotational speed.
- the torque change estimation unit estimates a change per unit revolution of the engine output torque with respect to the actual fuel injection amount calculated by the fuel injection amount calculation unit, and the change torque calculation unit And calculating a change torque for assisting based on a change per unit rotation number of the output torque calculated by the torque change estimation unit, wherein the target assist torque calculation unit is calculated by the change torque calculation unit.
- the target assist torque may be calculated based on the above.
- the change amount of the output torque due to the deterioration of the combustion state of the engine due to the change of the actual fuel injection amount is estimated in advance, and the change torque is calculated based on the estimated change amount.
- the calculated change torque is output from the electric motor.
- the load of the hydraulic pump can be reduced so that the engine speed does not decrease excessively.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a hydraulic drive system according to an embodiment of the present invention. It is the functional block diagram which showed the function which the control apparatus with which the hydraulic drive system of FIG.
- FIG. 3 is a functional block diagram illustrating an assist torque block of the control device of FIG. 2 in more detail.
- FIG. 4 is a functional block diagram showing a part of the assist torque block of FIG. 3 in more detail.
- 6 is a graph showing changes over time in various values when the hydraulic pump drive system of FIG. 1 is driven in a state where a target assist torque is equal to or less than a maximum allowable torque.
- 2 is a graph showing changes over time in various values when the hydraulic pump drive system of FIG. 1 is driven in a state where a target assist torque is equal to or greater than a maximum allowable torque.
- Construction machines are equipped with various attachments such as buckets, loaders, blades and hoisting machines, and are moved by hydraulic actuators such as hydraulic cylinders and hydraulic motors (electro-hydraulic motors).
- a hydraulic excavator that is a kind of construction machine includes a bucket, an arm, and a boom, and can perform operations such as excavation while moving these three members.
- Each of the bucket, arm, and boom is provided with hydraulic cylinders 11 to 13, and the bucket, arm, and boom are moved by supplying pressure oil to each cylinder 11-13.
- the hydraulic excavator has a traveling device, and a revolving body is mounted on the traveling device so as to be capable of turning.
- a boom is attached to the revolving structure so as to be swingable in the vertical direction.
- a hydraulic turning motor 14 is attached to the turning body, and the turning body is turned by supplying pressure oil to the turning motor 14.
- a hydraulic traveling motor 15 is attached to the traveling device, and the traveling device 15 moves forward or backward by supplying pressure oil to the traveling motor 15.
- the hydraulic excavator is provided with a plurality of operation levers 111 to 115 corresponding to the hydraulic actuators 11 to 15, respectively.
- a hydraulic pressure supply device 16 is connected to the hydraulic actuators 11 to 15 (that is, the hydraulic cylinders 11 to 13 and the hydraulic motors 14 and 15), and when any of the plurality of operating tools 111 to 115 is operated, the operating tool is operated. Pressure oil is supplied from the hydraulic pressure supply device 16 to the hydraulic actuators 11 to 15 corresponding to 111 to 115, and the corresponding hydraulic actuators 11 to 15 are operated.
- the hydraulic pressure supply device 16 includes a hydraulic pump 17, a control valve 18, and a tilt angle adjusting device 19.
- the hydraulic pump 17 has a rotating shaft 17a, and discharges pressure oil by rotating the rotating shaft 17a.
- the discharged pressure oil is guided to the control valve 18.
- the control valve 18 controls the flow of pressure oil so that the pressure oil flows to the hydraulic actuators 11 to 15 corresponding to the operated operation tools 111 to 115. It has become.
- Each operation tool 111 to 115 outputs a pilot pressure of a pressure corresponding to the operation direction and the operation amount when each operation tool 111 to 115 is operated.
- the control valve 18 controls the flow of the discharged pressure oil according to the pilot pressure output from the operation tools 111 to 115, and supplies the pressure oil to the hydraulic actuators 11 to 15 corresponding to the operated operation tools 111 to 115. It is designed to activate them.
- the control valve 18 supplies the corresponding hydraulic actuators 11 to 15 with the pressure oil having a flow rate corresponding to the pilot pressure output from the operation tools 111 to 115. Accordingly, the hydraulic actuators 11 to 15 are moved at a speed corresponding to the operation amount of the operation tools 111 to 115. In this manner, the bucket, arm, boom, and the like can be moved at a speed corresponding to the operation amount of the operation tools 111-115.
- the hydraulic pressure supply device 16 configured as described above constitutes a positive control type hydraulic system in the present embodiment, and increases or decreases the discharge amount of the hydraulic pump 17 in accordance with the operation amount of the operation tools 111 to 115. It has become.
- the hydraulic pressure supply device 16 may constitute a negative control type hydraulic system.
- the configuration of the hydraulic pressure supply device 16 will be described in more detail.
- the hydraulic pump 17 can change the discharge amount by changing the tilt angle of the swash plate 17b.
- the hydraulic pump 17 is provided with a tilt angle adjusting device 19 that changes the tilt angle of the swash plate 17b. ing.
- the tilt angle adjusting device 19 includes a tilt angle adjusting valve 19a and a servo mechanism 19b.
- the tilt angle adjusting valve 19a is an electromagnetic pressure reducing valve, for example, and is connected to a pilot pump (not shown).
- the tilt angle adjusting valve 19a is configured to output a command pressure p 1 corresponding to an input tilt signal (tilt angle command).
- Tilt angle adjusting valve 19a is connected to servo mechanism 19b, the outputted command pressure p 1 is adapted to be guided to the servo mechanism 19b.
- the servo mechanism 19b has a servo piston (not shown).
- a swash plate 17b is connected to the servo piston, and the tilt angle of the swash plate 17b can be changed by moving the servo piston.
- Servo piston is adapted to move in response to the command pressure p 1 input thereto. Therefore, the tilting angle of the swash plate 17b is adjusted to an angle corresponding to the command pressure p 1. That is, the tilt angle of the swash plate 17b is adjusted to an angle corresponding to the tilt signal.
- the hydraulic pump 17 is provided with the hydraulic pump drive device 2 on the rotary shaft 17a, and the rotary shaft 17a is rotationally driven by the hydraulic pump drive device 2.
- the hydraulic pump drive device 2 is a hybrid drive system including an engine E and an electric motor 20, and both the engine E and the electric motor 20 are connected to a rotating shaft 17 a of the hydraulic pump 17.
- the engine E is, for example, a diesel engine having a plurality of cylinders, and a fuel injection device 21 is provided in association with each cylinder.
- the fuel injection device 21 includes, for example, a fuel pump and an electromagnetic control valve, and injects an amount of fuel corresponding to an input injection command into the combustion chamber of the corresponding cylinder.
- the engine E burns the fuel injected from the fuel injection device 21 and reciprocates a piston (not shown) to rotate the rotating shaft 17a and discharge the hydraulic oil from the hydraulic pump 17.
- the engine E is a diesel engine.
- the engine E is not necessarily a diesel engine and may be a gasoline engine.
- the rotating shaft 17a is provided with an electric motor 20 that assists in driving the engine E.
- the electric motor 20 is an AC motor, for example, and is connected to the inverter 22.
- the inverter 22 that is a drive device is connected to the battery 25, converts a direct current supplied from the battery 25 into an alternating current, and supplies the alternating current to the electric motor 20. Further, the inverter 22 supplies an alternating current having a frequency and voltage according to the input torque command to the electric motor 20 so that the torque corresponding to the torque command (assist torque described later) is output from the electric motor 20 to the rotating shaft 17a. It has become.
- a rotation speed sensor 23 is attached to the rotation shaft 17a, and the rotation speed sensor 23 outputs a signal corresponding to the rotation speed of the rotation shaft 17a.
- the rotation speed sensor 23 is electrically connected to the control device 30 together with the inverter 22 and the electromagnetic control valve of the fuel injection device 21.
- the discharge pressure sensor 24, the plurality of pilot pressure sensors S1 and S2, and the battery sensor 26 are electrically connected to the control device 30.
- the discharge pressure sensor 24 is a sensor that detects the discharge pressure of the hydraulic pump 17, and outputs a signal corresponding to the discharge pressure to the control device 30.
- the pilot pressure sensors S1 and S2 are provided in association with the operation tools 111 to 115, respectively.
- the pilot pressure sensors S1 and S2 are sensors for detecting the pilot pressure output from the corresponding operation tools 111 to 115, and output a signal corresponding to the pilot pressure to the control device 30.
- the battery sensor 26 is a sensor that detects a state value indicating a battery state such as a battery voltage (that is, a charge amount) and a temperature, and outputs a signal corresponding to the battery state to the control device 30. It is like that.
- the control device 30 has a functional part that calculates various values as shown in FIG. 2, and hereinafter, the functional part that calculates various values will be described in blocks.
- the control device 30 includes a target rotation speed determination unit 31, a rotation speed difference calculation unit 32, and a target fuel injection amount calculation unit 33.
- the target rotational speed determination unit 31 determines the target rotational speed of the engine based on the rotational speed input from the input means (dial, button, touch panel, etc.) or set in advance.
- the rotation speed difference calculation unit 32 calculates the actual rotation speed of the rotation shaft 17 a based on the signal input from the rotation speed sensor 23. Further, the rotation speed difference calculation unit 32 calculates a difference between the calculated actual rotation number and the target rotation number determined by the target rotation number determination unit 31.
- the target fuel injection amount calculation unit 33 calculates a target fuel injection amount to be injected from the fuel injection device 21 based on the difference between the actual rotational speed and the target rotational speed.
- control device 30 calculates an actual fuel injection amount by a method described later based on the target fuel injection amount, and causes the fuel injection device 21 to inject this actual fuel injection amount.
- the control device 30 calculates the actual rotation speed and the target fuel injection amount at predetermined intervals. Further, when the output from the torque from the engine E is insufficient, the control device 30 drives the electric motor 20 to assist the engine E and reduce the output torque of the hydraulic pump 17.
- the control device 30 drives the electric motor 20 to assist the engine E and reduce the output torque of the hydraulic pump 17.
- the control device 30 includes an assist torque calculation block 40, a torque limit block 50, and a tilt angle control block 60.
- the assist torque calculation block 40 is configured to calculate the assist torque and the actual torque according to the target fuel injection amount calculated by the target fuel injection amount calculation unit 33 and the actual rotational speed calculated based on the signal input from the rotational speed sensor 23.
- a fuel injection amount (amount of fuel to be actually injected) is calculated.
- the assist torque calculation block 40 includes a target torque calculation unit 41, an injection amount restriction unit 42, an actual torque calculation unit 43, and a first assist torque calculation unit 44.
- the target torque calculation unit 41 calculates the target torque using the target torque map.
- the target torque map is a map in which the target torque output by the entire hydraulic pump drive device 2 is associated with the target fuel injection amount and the actual rotational speed, and the target torque calculation unit 41 includes the calculated target fuel injection amount and The target torque is calculated from the target torque map based on the actual rotational speed.
- the target fuel injection amount calculated by the target fuel injection amount calculation unit 33 is used for the injection amount restriction unit 42 to calculate the actual fuel injection amount that is actually injected by the fuel injection device 21.
- the injection amount limiting unit 42 (actual fuel injection amount calculating unit) has a rate limit function with an increase rate limitation and without a decrease rate limitation, and the actual fuel injection amount based on the target fuel injection amount by this rate limit function. Is calculated. Further details will be described.
- the injection amount limiting unit 42 restricts the change rate or the change amount based on a predetermined change rule. The amount is changed stepwise up to the target fuel injection amount.
- the injection amount limiting unit 42 sets the target fuel injection amount as the actual fuel injection amount without limiting the decrease rate.
- the injection amount restriction unit 42 internally holds (that is, stores) the target fuel injection amount calculated by the target fuel injection amount calculation unit 33, and calculates immediately after the held target fuel injection amount. The target fuel injection amount thus made is compared.
- the injection amount limiting unit 42 calculates the target fuel injection amount as the actual fuel injection amount when the target fuel injection amount immediately after the held target fuel injection amount is small, that is, when the target fuel injection amount is decreasing.
- the injection amount limiting unit 42 increases the rate of increase (in this embodiment, two target fuel injection amounts). It is determined whether or not the difference in fuel injection amount exceeds a predetermined value.
- the injection amount limiting unit 42 calculates the target fuel injection amount as the actual fuel injection amount when it is equal to or less than the predetermined value. On the other hand, if the injection amount limiting unit 42 exceeds the predetermined value, the injection amount limiting unit 42 gradually increases the actual fuel injection amount to the target fuel injection amount while limiting the increase rate based on a change rule that sets the increase rate to a predetermined value or less. Increase to. That is, when the predetermined amount is exceeded, the injection amount limiting unit 42 increases the actual fuel injection amount step by step to the target fuel injection amount in proportion to the time based on a proportional constant equal to or less than the predetermined value.
- the injection amount limiting unit 42 may be a filter, and may increase the target fuel injection amount based on, for example, a transfer function having a first-order lag element (that is, a lag element).
- the actual fuel injection amount calculated in this way is used together with the actual rotational speed in order to calculate the actual torque by the actual torque calculation unit 43.
- the actual torque calculation unit 43 calculates the actual torque using the actual torque map.
- the actual torque is an output torque output from the engine E when the fuel injection device 21 injects the actual fuel injection amount into the engine E.
- the actual torque map is a map in which the actual torque is associated with the actual fuel injection amount and the actual rotational speed.
- the actual torque calculation unit 43 calculates the actual torque from the actual torque map based on the calculated actual fuel injection amount and actual rotation speed. In the present embodiment, the same map is used for the actual torque map and the target torque map.
- the calculated actual torque is used together with the target torque so that the first assist torque calculating unit 44 calculates the first assist torque to be output by the electric motor 20.
- the first assist torque calculation unit 44 (difference torque calculation unit) is a shortage torque obtained by subtracting the actual torque from the target torque based on the actual torque calculated from one target fuel injection amount and the target torque. One assist torque (difference torque) is calculated. Further details will be described. The first assist torque calculation unit 44 subtracts the actual torque from the target torque. Thus, the first assist torque that is insufficient when the target torque is generated from the hydraulic pump drive device 2 is calculated.
- the increase rate of the injection amount is limited when the target fuel injection amount suddenly increases.
- the increase rate in this way, it is possible to prevent deterioration of the combustion state of the engine E due to a rapid increase in the actual fuel injection amount.
- the actual torque actually output becomes smaller than the target torque by limiting the increase rate, that is, an insufficient torque is generated, the first corresponding to the insufficient amount is output so that the electric motor 20 outputs the insufficient amount. Assist torque is calculated.
- the assist torque calculation block 40 estimates the amount of decrease in output torque caused by deterioration of the combustion state of the engine E accompanying the change in the actual fuel injection amount, and secondly compensates for the decreased output torque with the electric motor 20. It has a function of calculating assist torque (change torque).
- the assist torque calculation block 40 includes a torque change estimation unit 45, a second assist torque calculation unit 46, and a target assist torque calculation unit 47 in order to calculate the second assist torque.
- the torque change estimation unit 45 is configured to estimate the amount of change in torque output from the engine E based on the calculated actual rotational speed and the actual fuel injection amount based on the actual rotational speed. Due to the change in the actual fuel injection amount, the combustion state of the engine E deteriorates and a response delay occurs in the output torque. Further, the combustion state of the engine E changes every cycle, and the deterioration of the combustion state of the engine E is improved as the number of combustion passes. Accordingly, as the actual rotational speed is larger, the number of combustions per unit time is increased, so that the deterioration of the combustion state of the engine E is improved more quickly, and the decrease in the torque of the engine E is reduced.
- the torque change estimation unit 45 calculates a decrease in the output torque at every unit speed (preferably, every cycle). It is supposed to be.
- the torque change estimation unit 45 estimates the change in the output torque of the engine E by numerically modeling the engine E using a transfer function including a pseudo-derivative, which will be described later, and is a first-order lag element included in the pseudo part. The constant is changed according to the actual rotational speed. Thereby, it is possible to artificially calculate the output torque drop for each unit rotation speed.
- the output torque characteristic of the engine E in which the response delay of the torque changes according to the actual rotational speed can be estimated by the transfer function described above.
- the calculation of the torque change estimation unit 45 is performed at a predetermined interval. The torque change estimating unit 45 that estimates the change amount of the output torque in this way will be described in more detail below with reference to FIG. 4 in addition to FIG.
- the torque change estimating unit 45 includes a time constant calculating unit 71, a pseudo-differential calculating unit 72, a torque change coefficient calculating unit 73, a torque change rate calculating unit 74, and a correction coefficient as functional parts for estimating a change in output torque.
- a calculation unit 75 and a torque change amount calculation unit 76 are provided.
- the time constant calculator 71 calculates the actual rotation speed based on the signal from the rotation speed sensor 23, and further calculates the time constant from the actual rotation speed using the time constant map.
- the time constant map is a map in which the time constant is associated with the actual rotation. The correspondence between the time constant of the time constant map and the actual rotation is set based on data obtained from experiments and the like.
- the displacement of the engine E, accessories (supercharger, EGR, etc.), and structure It depends on the pipe diameter and length. That is, the correspondence is different for each model of the engine E, and is set for each model of the engine E with reference to the experimental result. The correspondence relationship may be set not only for each model but also for each individual.
- the time constant calculated by the time constant calculating unit 71 is used together with the actual fuel injection amount by the pseudo-differential calculating unit 72 in order to calculate a differential value of the actual fuel injection amount.
- the pseudo differential calculation unit 72 calculates a differential value of the actual fuel injection amount by a transfer function obtained by numerically modeling the engine E.
- the fuel injection amount corresponds to the torque
- the differential value of the actual fuel injection amount corresponds to the rate of change of the torque. ing.
- the pseudo differential operation unit 72 will be described in more detail.
- the transfer function of the pseudo differential operation unit 72 includes a pseudo differential (also referred to as incomplete differential) including a first-order lag element, and the pseudo differential operation unit 72 uses this transfer function to differentiate the actual fuel injection amount. The value is calculated.
- the pseudo-differentiation, the Laplace variable and s, the differential gain and T D, when the constant is T time represented by the following formula (1).
- the differential value of the actual fuel injection amount by the pseudo differential including the first-order lag element, a value corresponding to the rate of change of the output torque considering the response delay due to the deterioration of the combustion state (that is, the actual fuel injection)
- the differential value of the quantity is calculated.
- the time constant calculated by the time constant calculator 71 is used as the time constant T of the first-order lag element included in the pseudo-differentiation. That is, the pseudo-differential calculation unit 72 calculates the differential value of the actual fuel injection amount by changing the time constant every time it is calculated.
- the rate of change of the output torque per unit rotation speed (preferably every cycle) is simulated. It can be calculated.
- the differential value of the actual fuel injection amount calculated in this way corresponds to the rate of change per unit rotational speed of the output torque of the engine E, and the torque change coefficient described later is calculated by the torque change coefficient calculating unit 73. Used for.
- the torque change coefficient calculating unit 73 calculates a torque change coefficient based on the differential value of the actual fuel injection amount calculated by the pseudo-differential calculating unit 72.
- the torque change coefficient is a coefficient indicating how much the torque changes with respect to the actual torque.
- the torque change coefficient calculation unit 73 first calculates the absolute value of the differential value of the actual fuel injection amount, and then uses the torque change coefficient map 73a shown in FIG. 4 to change the torque change from the absolute value of the differential value of the actual fuel injection amount. Calculate the coefficient.
- the torque change coefficient map 73a is a map in which the absolute value of the differential value of the actual fuel injection amount is associated with the torque change coefficient.
- the torque change coefficient map 73a is set so that the torque change coefficient increases as the absolute value of the differential value increases.
- the correspondence between the absolute value of the differential value of the actual fuel injection amount in the torque change coefficient map 73a and the torque change coefficient is set based on data obtained from experiments or the like, and the time constant map and Similarly, it is set for each model of the engine E. It should be noted that the correspondence relationship between the absolute value of the differential value of the actual fuel injection amount and the torque change coefficient is not necessarily the correspondence relationship shown in FIG.
- the torque change coefficient calculation unit 73 calculates a torque change coefficient based on the torque change coefficient map 73a and the absolute value of the differential value of the actual fuel injection amount, and the calculated torque change coefficient indicates the torque change rate as the torque change rate. It is used for calculation by the calculation unit 74.
- the torque change rate indicates the ratio of torque that changes (specifically decreases) as the combustion state changes with respect to the actual torque that is output when fuel of the actual fuel injection amount is injected into the engine E. Value.
- the torque change coefficient and the torque change rate basically correspond to each other, but the torque change coefficient is a value set so as to be uniquely derived from the absolute value of the differential value of the actual fuel injection amount.
- the torque change rate takes into account not only the absolute value of the differential value of the actual fuel injection amount (that is, the torque change coefficient) but also the effects of the actual rotational speed and the actual fuel injection amount.
- the torque change rate is corrected by the torque change coefficient calculated by the torque change coefficient calculating unit 73, and the correction coefficient for correction is calculated by the correction coefficient calculating unit 75. is doing.
- the correction coefficient calculation unit 75 calculates a correction coefficient based on the actual fuel injection amount and the actual rotation speed calculated by the injection amount restriction unit 42.
- the correction coefficient is a coefficient for correcting the torque change coefficient calculated by the torque change coefficient calculating unit 73 according to the actual rotational speed and the actual fuel injection amount. Further details will be described.
- the correction coefficient calculation unit 75 calculates the first correction coefficient from the actual rotation speed using the first correction coefficient map 75a as shown in FIG. 4, and uses the second correction coefficient map 75b as shown in FIG. A second correction coefficient is calculated from the fuel injection amount.
- the first correction coefficient map 75a is a map in which the actual rotation speed and the first correction coefficient are associated with each other.
- the second correction coefficient map 75b is a map in which the actual fuel injection amount and the second correction coefficient are associated with each other.
- the correction coefficient is set to be smaller as the actual rotational speed and the actual fuel injection amount are increased.
- the two correction coefficient maps 75a and 75b are set based on data obtained from experiments or the like, and are different for each model of the engine E as in the other maps. Further, each of the correspondence relationship between the actual rotational speed and the first correction coefficient and the correspondence relationship between the actual fuel injection amount and the second correction coefficient is not necessarily the correspondence relationship as shown in FIG.
- the correction coefficient calculator 75 multiplies the calculated first and second correction coefficients by the correction coefficient multiplier 75c to calculate a torque correction coefficient.
- the calculated torque correction coefficient is used together with the torque change coefficient in order to calculate the torque change rate by the torque change rate calculation unit 74.
- the torque change rate calculation unit 74 calculates the torque change rate based on the torque change coefficient calculated by the torque change coefficient calculation unit 73 and the correction coefficient calculated by the correction coefficient calculation unit 75.
- the torque change rate is a value indicating the ratio of the torque that changes (increases or decreases) with the deterioration of the combustion state with respect to the actual torque as described above.
- the torque change rate calculator 74 calculates the torque change rate by multiplying the calculated torque change coefficient and the correction coefficient. The calculated torque change rate is used together with the actual torque in order to calculate the torque change amount by the torque change amount calculation unit 76.
- the torque change amount calculation unit 76 is based on the torque change rate calculated by the torque change rate calculation unit 74 and the actual torque calculated by the actual torque calculation unit 43, and the torque of the engine E caused by the change in the actual fuel injection amount.
- the amount of change is calculated.
- the amount of change in torque is the amount of change in torque that changes in accordance with the combustion state of engine E when the actual fuel injection amount calculated by injection amount restriction unit 42 is injected into engine E (that is, the amount of decrease or increase in torque). ).
- the torque change amount calculation unit 76 multiplies the torque change rate and the actual torque calculation unit 43 to calculate the torque change amount.
- the torque change estimation unit 45 estimates the torque change amount in this way.
- the estimated torque change amount is used for calculating the second assist torque by the second assist torque calculator 46.
- the second assist torque calculation unit 46 corresponds to the torque corresponding to the shortage so that the shortage of torque that has decreased due to the change in the actual fuel injection amount is compensated by the output torque of the electric motor 20. Two assist torques (change torques) are calculated. The calculation method will be described in detail.
- the second assist torque calculator 46 first determines whether or not the differential value of the actual fuel injection amount calculated by the pseudo-differential calculator 72 is less than 0 (zero). If it is determined that the differential value of the actual fuel injection amount is less than zero, the second assist torque calculator 46 selects zero as the multiplication coefficient.
- a predetermined value 1 in the present embodiment
- the target assist torque calculation unit 47 calculates the target assist torque by adding the first assist torque and the second assist torque.
- the calculated target assist torque is used by the torque limit block 50 to calculate the limit assist torque that is actually output from the electric motor 20.
- the torque limiting block 50 shown in FIG. 2 limits the output torque so that the output torque of the electric motor 20 does not exceed the limit value.
- the torque limit block 50 includes a first torque limiter 51 and an insufficient torque calculator 52.
- the first torque limiter 51 has a limit function that limits the target assist torque calculated by the assist torque calculation block 40 to a predetermined virtual allowable value L1 or less. Specifically, when the target assist torque is less than the virtual allowable value L1, the first torque limiting unit 51 sets the target assist torque as an output value without limiting the target assist torque, and the target assist torque is the virtual allowable torque L1. In the above case, the virtual allowable torque L1 is set as the output value.
- the virtual allowable torque L1 is a value set in advance and is smaller than a maximum allowable torque L2 described later.
- the calculated output value is used to calculate the insufficient torque generated by limiting the target assist torque by the insufficient torque calculation unit 52.
- the insufficient torque calculating unit 52 is based on the output value of the first torque limiting unit 51 and the target assist torque, and the insufficient torque obtained by subtracting the output value from the target assist torque (in this embodiment, the insufficient amount is expressed as a positive value). )). Further details will be described.
- the insufficient torque calculator 52 subtracts the output value from the target assist torque. Thereby, the insufficient torque is calculated.
- the calculated insufficient torque is used in the tilt angle control block 60 in order to calculate the tilt angle to be reduced.
- the tilt angle control block 60 controls the tilt angle of the swash plate 17b of the hydraulic pump 17.
- the tilt angle control block 60 includes a reduced power calculation unit 61, a reduced flow rate calculation unit 62, a set flow rate calculation unit 63, an actual flow rate calculation unit 64, a tilt angle calculation unit 65, and a tilt angle control unit 66. And have.
- the reduced power calculator 61 calculates the power of the hydraulic pump 17 to be reduced, that is, reduced power, based on the insufficient torque calculated by the insufficient torque calculator 52 and the actual rotational speed. This will be specifically described.
- the reduced power calculation unit 61 calculates the reduced power by multiplying the insufficient torque by the actual rotational speed.
- the calculated reduced power is used by the reduced flow rate calculation unit 62 in order to calculate the discharge flow rate to be reduced.
- the reduction flow rate calculation unit 62 determines the hydraulic pump 17 to be reduced based on the discharge pressure of the hydraulic pump 17 calculated based on the signal from the discharge pressure sensor 24 and the reduction power calculated by the reduction power calculation unit 61. A discharge flow rate, that is, a reduced flow rate is calculated. This will be specifically described.
- the reduced flow rate calculation unit 62 calculates a reduced flow rate by dividing reduced power by the discharge pressure.
- the calculated reduced flow rate is used by the actual flow rate calculation unit 64 in order to calculate the actual discharge flow rate that is actually discharged from the hydraulic pump 17. Further, the actual flow rate calculation unit 64 uses the required flow rate to calculate the actual discharge flow rate, and the required flow rate is calculated by the set flow rate calculation unit 63.
- the set flow rate calculation unit 63 calculates a required flow rate that is a discharge flow rate to be discharged from the hydraulic pump 17. An example of the calculation example will be described.
- the set flow rate calculation unit 63 first calculates the pilot pressures output from the operation tools 111 to 115 based on signals input from the pilot pressure sensors S1 and S2 of the operation tools 111 to 115. Next, the set flow rate calculation unit 63 selects the maximum pilot pressure among all the calculated pilot pressures. Further, the set flow rate calculation unit 63 calculates a specified flow rate based on the selected pilot pressure and the flow rate map.
- the flow rate map is a map in which the pilot pressure and the specified flow rate are associated with each other.
- the set flow rate calculation unit 63 calculates a specified flow rate from the flow rate map based on the selected pilot pressure.
- the specified flow rate is a flow rate discharged from the hydraulic pump 17 when the actual rotational speed is a predetermined reference rotational speed.
- the set flow rate calculator 63 corrects the calculated specified flow rate with the actual number of revolutions, and calculates the required flow rate required for the operation amounts of the operation tools 111 to 115.
- the calculated required flow rate is used by the actual flow rate calculation unit 64 to calculate the actual discharge flow rate together with the reduced flow rate calculated by the reduction flow rate calculation unit 62.
- the actual flow rate calculation unit 64 calculates the actual discharge flow rate actually discharged from the hydraulic pump 17 based on the required flow rate and the reduced flow rate. This will be specifically described.
- the actual flow rate calculation unit 64 calculates the actual discharge flow rate by subtracting the reduced flow rate from the required flow rate.
- the calculated actual discharge flow rate is used by the tilt angle calculation unit 65 in order to calculate the tilt angle of the swash plate 17b.
- the tilt angle calculation unit 65 calculates a tilt angle command value that is a tilt angle for tilting in order to discharge the actual discharge flow rate from the hydraulic pump 17. In the hydraulic pump 17, the tilt angle corresponds to the discharge capacity, and the actual flow rate calculation unit 64 calculates the actual discharge flow rate discharged from the hydraulic pump 17 based on the tilt angle and the actual rotation speed. can do.
- the tilt angle calculation unit 65 can calculate the tilt angle command value based on the actual discharge flow rate and the actual rotation speed.
- the tilt angle calculation unit 65 calculates a tilt angle command value based on the actual rotation speed calculated based on the signal from the rotation speed sensor 23 and the actual discharge flow rate.
- the calculated tilt angle command value is used by the tilt angle control unit 66 when determining the tilt signal.
- the tilt angle control unit 66 determines a tilt signal for moving the tilt angle adjusting device 19 so that the tilt angle of the swash plate 17b becomes the tilt angle command value. Further, the tilt angle control unit 66 outputs the determined tilt signal to the tilt angle adjusting valve 19a, and controls the servo mechanism 19b so that the tilt angle of the swash plate 17b becomes the tilt angle command value. It has become. Thus, the swash plate 17b can be tilted to the tilt angle command value, and the calculated actual discharge flow rate can be discharged from the hydraulic pump 17.
- the insufficient torque generated by limiting the output torque of the electric motor 20 by the torque limit block 50 is reduced from the output torque of the hydraulic pump 17, the load on the engine E is reduced, and the rotational speed of the engine E is rapidly increased. To prevent falling.
- the control device 30 has a torque correction block 80 in addition to the three blocks 40, 50, 60.
- the torque correction block 80 calculates the excess and deficiency of the reduced torque caused by the response delay, and corrects the output value so that the excess and deficiency is compensated by the output torque of the electric motor 20.
- the torque correction block 80 includes a reduced torque estimation unit 81, an excess / deficiency calculation unit 82, and a torque correction unit 83.
- the reduced torque estimating unit 81 estimates the reduced torque reduced by the hydraulic pump 17 by the tilt angle control executed by the tilt angle control block 60 based on the insufficient torque calculated by the insufficient torque calculating unit 52. It has become.
- the reduction torque estimation unit 81 estimates the reduction torque (in this embodiment, the amount to be reduced is expressed as a positive value) using a transfer function obtained by modeling the hydraulic pump 17.
- the transfer function of the reduced torque estimation unit 81 includes a first-order lag element, and this first-order lag element is set based on data obtained from experiments or the like that are performed in advance.
- the reduction torque estimation unit 81 estimates the reduction torque of the hydraulic pump 17 that is reduced by the tilt angle control by the tilt angle control block 60 using such a transfer function.
- the estimated reduction torque is used by the excess / deficiency calculation unit 82 together with the insufficient torque calculated by the insufficient torque calculation unit 52 in order to calculate the excess / deficiency of the reduction torque.
- the excess / deficiency calculation unit 82 calculates the excess / deficiency of the reduction torque based on the reduced torque estimated by the reduction torque estimation unit 81 and the insufficient torque calculated by the insufficient torque calculation unit 52. Further details will be described.
- the excess / deficiency calculation unit 82 subtracts the reduction torque from the insufficient torque. Thereby, the excess or deficiency of the reduced torque is calculated.
- the calculated excess / deficiency is used by the torque correction unit 83 to correct the output value calculated by the first torque limiting unit 51.
- the torque correction unit 83 Based on the excess / deficiency calculated by the excess / deficiency calculation unit 82 and the output value calculated by the first torque limiting unit 51, the torque correction unit 83 corrects the output value to compensate for the excess / deficiency of the reduced torque. It is to be corrected. Further details will be described.
- the torque correction unit 83 corrects the output value by adding the excess / deficiency to the output value, and calculates the correction torque by correcting the output value.
- the calculated correction torque is used by the second torque limiter 53 of the torque limit block 50 so as to keep it below the maximum allowable torque L2 of the electric motor 20.
- the second torque limiting unit 53 has a function of limiting the correction torque to the maximum allowable torque L2 or less.
- the maximum allowable torque L2 is the maximum torque that can be allowed by the electric motor 20.
- the second torque limiting unit 53 will be described in further detail.
- the second torque limiting unit 53 sets the correction torque as the command torque when the correction torque is less than the maximum allowable torque L2, and sets the maximum allowable torque L2 as the command torque when the correction torque is equal to or greater than the maximum allowable torque L2. Set.
- the command torque is used by the drive control unit 54 of the torque limit block 50.
- the drive control unit 54 drives the electric motor 20 by controlling the inverter 22 so that the command torque is output from the electric motor 20.
- the control device 30 configured in this manner is used when the load on the hydraulic pump 17 increases, the engine speed decreases, and the target fuel injection amount of the engine E increases to compensate for the decreased engine speed.
- the electric motor 20 is driven to assist the engine E.
- the tilt angle of the swash plate 17b is reduced to reduce the output torque of the hydraulic pump 17.
- the hydraulic pump 17 When the operation tool is operated and the control valve 18 is activated, the hydraulic pump 17 is switched from the unloaded state to the on-loaded state, and a large load acts on the hydraulic pump 17.
- the load on the hydraulic pump 17 increases, the actual rotational speed of the engine E decreases.
- the target rotational speed is determined in advance by the target rotational speed determination unit 31, and the difference between the actual rotational speed and the target rotational speed is calculated by the rotational speed difference calculation unit 32.
- the target fuel injection amount calculation unit 33 calculates the target fuel injection amount based on this difference.
- the calculated target fuel injection amount is used in the assist torque calculation block 40 together with the actual rotational speed, and the assist torque calculation block 40 calculates the target assist torque based on the target fuel injection amount and the actual rotational speed.
- the injection amount limiting unit 42 increases the actual fuel injection amount stepwise in proportion to the time to the target fuel injection amount while limiting the increase rate (or increase amount) of the target fuel injection amount to less than a predetermined value.
- the increase rate is less than the predetermined value, the target fuel injection amount is not limited.
- the actual torque calculator 43 calculates the actual torque output from the engine E based on the actual fuel injection amount and the actual rotational speed.
- the target torque calculation unit 41 calculates the target torque based on the target fuel injection amount and the actual rotational speed.
- the first assist torque calculation unit 44 calculates a shortage torque obtained by subtracting the actual torque from the target torque, that is, the first assist torque.
- the assist torque calculation block 40 calculates in advance a first assist torque that is a torque that is insufficient by limiting the fuel injection amount. By outputting the first assist torque from the electric motor 20, even if the actual fuel injection amount is limited, the torque output from the entire hydraulic pump drive device 2 can be brought close to the target torque. Thereby, it can suppress that the torque output as the hydraulic pump drive device 2 whole falls.
- the amount of change in the output torque is estimated in advance and the torque is output to the electric motor 20, and the engine is compared with the case where the torque is adjusted according to the deviation in the rotational speed. It can suppress that the rotation speed of E falls too much. As a result, it is possible to suppress a decrease in fuel consumption of the engine E due to an excessive decrease in the rotational speed of the engine E.
- the assist torque calculation block 40 calculates a torque change coefficient in the torque change estimation unit 45 in parallel with calculating the first assist torque.
- the torque change estimation unit 45 calculates a torque change coefficient based on the actual rotational speed and the actual fuel injection amount, and further calculates the torque change amount. This will be described in detail.
- the time constant calculation unit 71 calculates a time constant from the actual rotational speed using the time constant map 71a, and the pseudo-differential calculation unit 72 calculates a differential value of the actual fuel injection amount using the calculated time constant.
- the torque change coefficient calculating unit 73 calculates the absolute value of the differential value of the actual fuel injection amount, and the torque change coefficient calculating unit 73 further uses the torque change coefficient map 73a to calculate the absolute value of the differential value of the actual fuel injection amount.
- the torque change coefficient is calculated from
- the pseudo-differential calculation unit 72 calculates the rate of change of the output torque for each unit rotation speed with respect to the actual torque by changing the time constant for each calculation, and for each unit rotation speed based on this change rate and the actual torque.
- the amount of change in output torque is calculated.
- the change in the output torque is calculated not in the time unit but in the rotation speed unit, it is possible to estimate the decrease in the output torque of the engine E more accurately than in the case of calculating in the time unit. Thereby, it can prevent that rotation speed falls excessively by the fall of the output torque by combustion deterioration, and can suppress the fall of the fuel consumption of the engine E accompanying it.
- the pseudo-differential calculation unit 72 changes the time constant according to the actual rotational speed, the torque reduction coefficient can be calculated in detail.
- the torque change estimation unit 45 can estimate a more accurate torque change coefficient and torque change amount.
- the correction coefficient calculator 75 calculates a correction coefficient in parallel with the torque change coefficient calculation in the torque change coefficient calculator 73. This will be described in detail.
- the correction coefficient calculator 75 calculates a first correction coefficient and a second correction coefficient based on the calculated actual rotational speed and actual fuel injection amount, respectively, and further based on the first correction coefficient and the second correction coefficient.
- a correction coefficient is calculated.
- the torque change rate calculator 74 calculates the torque change rate based on the calculated correction coefficient and torque change coefficient, and the torque change amount calculator 76 calculates the torque change amount based on the torque change rate and the actual torque. .
- the torque change estimation unit 45 estimates the torque change amount, and the estimated torque change amount is used by the second assist torque calculation unit 46.
- the second assist torque calculator 46 calculates the second assist torque based on the torque change amount.
- the torque change estimation unit 45 preliminarily estimates the amount of change in the output torque due to the deterioration of the combustion state of the engine E caused by the change in the actual fuel injection amount, and the estimated change.
- a second assist torque corresponding to the amount can be calculated. That is, when there is a change in the output torque of the engine E, the change can be assisted by the electric motor.
- the hydraulic pump 17 is loaded (that is, when a load is applied to the hydraulic pump), it is possible to prevent the output torque from being lowered due to deterioration of combustion and the rotational speed from being excessively reduced, and the rotational speed is excessive. It is possible to suppress a decrease in fuel consumption of the engine E due to a decrease in the speed.
- the second assist torque calculator 46 calculates the second assist torque by multiplying the torque change amount by this multiplication coefficient.
- the target assist torque calculation unit 47 calculates the target assist torque by adding the calculated first assist torque and second assist torque.
- the calculated target assist torque is used in the torque limiting block 50 in order to determine the output torque of the electric motor 20 and the tilt angle of the swash plate 17b.
- FIG. 5 shows changes over time in target assist torque, insufficient torque, reduced torque, excess / deficiency, command torque, and engine assist value in order from the top of the drawing.
- the horizontal axis represents time
- the vertical axis represents various values.
- the target assist torque rises to torque T1 (> L1) at time t1 when any one of the operation tools 111 to 115 is operated, and then remains constant until time t2, and the operation tools 111 to 115 operated at time t2. Is returned to zero.
- the first torque limiting unit 51 calculates an output value in which the target assist torque is limited to the virtual allowable value L1 or less.
- the insufficient torque calculator 52 calculates the insufficient torque by subtracting the output value from the target assist torque (see times t1 to t2 in the insufficient torque graph of FIG. 5).
- the reduced power calculation unit 61 of the tilt angle control block 60 calculates the reduced power based on the insufficient torque calculated by the insufficient torque calculation unit 52 and the actual rotational speed.
- the reduced flow rate calculation unit 62 calculates a reduced flow rate based on the reduced power and the discharge pressure of the hydraulic pump 17.
- the set flow rate calculation unit 63 calculates the specified flow rate, and calculates the required flow rate by correcting the calculated specified flow rate with the actual rotational speed.
- the actual flow rate calculation unit 64 calculates the actual discharge flow rate by subtracting the reduced flow rate from the calculated required flow rate.
- the tilt angle calculation unit 65 calculates a tilt angle command value based on the calculated actual discharge flow rate and the actual rotation speed from the relationship between the discharge flow rate, the tilt angle, and the rotation speed of the hydraulic pump 17, Based on the tilt angle command value, the tilt angle control unit 66 determines a tilt signal (current).
- the tilt angle control unit 66 outputs the determined tilt signal to the tilt angle adjusting valve 19a of the tilt angle adjusting device 19, and the tilt angle of the swash plate 17b of the hydraulic pump 17 becomes the tilt angle command value. In this manner, the movement of the servo mechanism 19b is controlled. Thereby, the tilt angle of the swash plate 17b is tilted to the tilt angle command value, and the output torque of the hydraulic pump 17 is reduced.
- the torque correction block 80 calculates the excess or deficiency of the reduced torque caused by the response delay of the tilt angle control in parallel with the tilt angle control by the tilt angle control block 60. This will be described in detail.
- the reduced torque estimating unit 81 of the torque correction block 80 calculates the reduced torque using the insufficient torque calculated by the insufficient torque calculating unit 52 and the transfer function (see the reduced torque graph in FIG. 5). As shown in the graph of reduced torque in FIG. 5, the reduced torque of the hydraulic pump 17 gradually increases with the start of the tilt angle control (time t1), and reaches the insufficient torque after a predetermined time has elapsed.
- the excess / deficiency calculation unit 82 calculates the excess / deficiency of the reduction torque by subtracting the reduction torque from the insufficient torque (refer to the torque reduction excess / deficiency graph of FIG. 5). As shown in the graph of torque reduction excess / deficiency in FIG. 5, the shortage is the largest immediately after the operation tools 111 to 115 are operated, and the shortage decreases with time, and eventually becomes zero. Thereafter, when the operating tools 111 to 115 are returned to the neutral position, the torque reduction becomes excessive. The excessive torque reduction also decreases with time and eventually becomes zero.
- the torque correction unit 83 calculates the correction torque by adding the excess / deficiency of the reduced torque to the output value of the first torque limiting unit 51 in order to compensate for the excess / deficiency of the reduced torque changing in this way.
- the second torque limiting unit 53 sets the command torque so that the correction torque is limited to be equal to or less than the maximum allowable torque L2 of the electric motor 20 (see the command torque graph in FIG. 5).
- the inverter 22 is controlled so that the command torque set by the drive control unit 54 is output from the electric motor 20.
- the target assist torque can be covered by the assist torque by the electric motor 20 and the reduced torque of the hydraulic pump 17. That is, it is possible to assist the engine E with the torque corresponding to the target assist torque by outputting the correction torque from the electric motor 20 and reducing the reduction torque from the output torque of the hydraulic pump 17. Therefore, the engine assist value obtained by adding the correction torque and the reduction torque (a positive value) is substantially equal to the target assist torque as shown in the engine assist value graph of FIG. See torque graph).
- the output torque of the hydraulic pump 17 is reduced by adjusting the tilt angle of the swash plate 17b. Therefore, the output torque of the hydraulic pump 17 can be reduced with the increase of the target assist torque before the rotational speed of the engine E suddenly drops, so that the rotational angle is lowered and the tilt angle control is performed. be able to. Therefore, it is possible to suppress a drop in the rotational speed as compared with the conventional technique that reduces the output torque of the hydraulic pump 17 based on the rotational speed difference. Thus, the hydraulic drive system 1 can reduce the output torque of the hydraulic pump 17 so that the rotational speed of the engine E does not decrease excessively.
- the rotational speed of the engine E can be maintained near the target rotational speed. Therefore, the engine E can be operated in a good operation region, and deterioration of the fuel efficiency of the engine E can be prevented.
- the excess / deficiency of the reduced torque due to the response delay by the tilt angle control can be compensated by the increase / decrease of the output torque of the electric motor 20. Thereby, it can suppress that assist torque runs short with a response delay, and can suppress that the rotation speed of the engine E falls.
- FIG. 6 similarly to FIG. 5, changes over time in target assist torque, insufficient torque, reduced torque, excess / deficiency, command torque, and system torque are shown in order from the top of the page.
- the horizontal axis represents time
- the vertical axis represents various values.
- the target assist torque rises to the torque T2 (> L2) at time t3 when any of the operation tools 111 to 115 is operated as shown in the graph of target assist torque in FIG.
- the operating tools 111 to 115 operated at time t4 are returned to zero.
- the first torque limiter 51 first calculates an output value that limits the target assist torque to the virtual allowable value L1 or less.
- the torque calculator 52 calculates the insufficient torque.
- the tilt angle control block 60 calculates a tilt angle command value based on the calculated insufficient torque. Further, the tilt angle control block 60 outputs a tilt signal to the tilt angle adjusting valve 19a based on the tilt angle command value, so that the tilt angle of the swash plate 17b becomes the tilt angle command value.
- the turning angle adjusting device 19 is operated.
- the reduced torque estimating unit 81 estimates the reduced torque based on the insufficient torque calculated by the insufficient torque calculating unit 52 (see the reduced torque graph in FIG. 6), and further estimated reduced torque. Based on the above, the excess / deficiency calculation unit 82 calculates the excess / deficiency of the reduced torque (refer to the reduced torque excess / deficiency graph of FIG. 6). The torque correction unit 83 calculates the correction torque by correcting the output value based on the calculated excess / deficiency. Since the target assist torque is not less than the maximum allowable torque L2 and there is a response delay in the tilt angle control, the correction torque calculated immediately after the start of the tilt angle control is not less than the maximum allowable torque L2.
- the second torque limiter 53 sets the command torque so as to limit the correction torque to the maximum allowable torque L2 or less (see the command torque graph in FIG. 6).
- the drive control unit 54 controls the operation of the inverter 22 so that the set command torque is output from the electric motor 20.
- the output torque of the electric motor 20 is cut as much as the target assist torque exceeds the maximum allowable torque L2 immediately after the start of the tilt control. Therefore, the total torque of the hydraulic drive system 1 is slightly smaller than the target assist torque immediately after the start of the tilt control, but can be substantially matched with the target assist torque (see the total torque graph in FIG. 6).
- the virtual limit value L1 of the first torque limiter 51 is constant, but the virtual limit value L1 may be a variable value.
- the control device 30 may detect the state of the battery 25 according to a signal from the battery sensor 26 and change the virtual limit value L1 according to the state of the battery 25.
- the virtual limit value L1 is lowered as the charge amount of the battery 25 decreases or the temperature of the battery 25 decreases.
- the virtual limit value L1 a variable value, it is possible to suppress a situation in which the command torque cannot be output from the electric motor 20.
- the state value of the battery 25 is detected, but the state value of the inverter 22 may be detected.
- the target assist torque is calculated by calculating the actual fuel injection amount and the torque change amount by the assist torque calculation block 40, but the target assist torque is not always calculated by such a calculation method. do not have to.
- the first assist torque may be the target assist torque
- the second assist torque may be the target assist torque.
- the construction machine on which the hydraulic drive system 1 is mounted is not limited to a hydraulic excavator, and may be another construction machine such as a crane or a dozer, and may be a construction machine provided with a hydraulic actuator.
- a hydraulic pump has been described as an example of a hydraulic pump.
- the hydraulic pump is not limited to a hydraulic pump, and may be any pump that discharges a liquid such as water.
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Abstract
Description
[その他の実施形態]
本実施形態の油圧駆動システム1では、第1トルク制限部51の仮想制限値L1が一定であるが、仮想制限値L1が可変値であってもよい。例えば、制御装置30が、バッテリセンサ26からの信号に応じてバッテリ25の状態を検出し、バッテリ25の状態に応じて仮想制限値L1を変えるようにしてもよい。具体的には、バッテリ25の充電量の減少又はバッテリ25の温度の低下に伴って仮想制限値L1を低くすることが考えられる。このように仮想制限値L1を可変値とすることで、電動機20から指令トルクが出力できないような事態を抑制することができる。なお、本実施形態では、バッテリ25の状態値を検出しているが、インバータ22の状態値を検出してもよい。
17 油圧ポンプ
17b 斜板
19 傾転角調整装置
20 電動機
22 インバータ
25 バッテリ
26 バッテリセンサ
30 制御装置
33 目標燃料噴射量演算部
40 アシストトルク演算ブロック
41 目標トルク演算部
42 噴射量制限部
43 実トルク演算部
44 第1アシストトルク演算部(差分トルク演算部)
45 トルク変化推定部
46 第2アシストトルク演算部
47 目標アシストトルク演算部
51 第1トルク制限部(目標アシストトルク制限部)
52 不足トルク演算部
53 第2トルク制限部(指令トルク制限部)
54 駆動制御部
65 傾転角演算部
66 傾転角制御部
81 低減トルク推定部
82 過不足分演算部
83 トルク補正部
111~115 操作具(操作装置)
Claims (7)
- エンジンの出力トルクによって回転駆動され、傾転角に応じた吐出量の圧液を吐出する可変容量型の液圧ポンプと、
入力される傾転角指令に応じて前記液圧ポンプの傾転角を調整する傾転角調整装置と、
前記エンジンの出力トルクをアシストして前記液圧ポンプを回転駆動する電動機と、
前記エンジンの回転数が予め設定される目標エンジン回転数になるように前記電動機を制御し、且つ操作装置の操作量に応じた要求流量を前記液圧ポンプから吐出させるように前記傾転角調整装置を制御する制御装置とを備え、
前記制御装置は、目標アシストトルク演算部と、目標アシストトルク制限部と、駆動制御部と、不足トルク演算部と、傾転角演算部と、傾転角制御部とを有し、
前記目標アシストトルク演算部は、前記エンジンをアシストする前記電動機から出力する目標アシストトルクを演算し、
前記目標アシストトルク制限部は、前記目標アシストトルクを予め設定されている制限値以下の出力値に制限し、
前記駆動制御部は、前記出力値に応じた指令トルクを出力するように前記電動機を制御し、
前記不足トルク演算部は、前記目標アシストトルクと前記出力値とに応じて不足分である不足トルクを演算し、
前記傾転角演算部は、前記不足トルク演算部で演算された前記不足トルクを液圧ポンプの出力トルクから低減させる傾転角指令値を演算し、
前記傾転角制御部は、前記傾転角演算部で演算された傾転角指令値に応じた傾転角指令を前記傾転角制御装置に出力して前記傾転角制御装置を制御する、液圧駆動システム。 - 前記制御装置は、低減トルク推定部と、過不足分演算部と、トルク補正部とを有し、
前記低減トルク推定部は、前記液圧ポンプの傾転角を前記傾転角指令値に調整する傾転角制御によって前記液圧ポンプにおける低減トルクを推定し、
前記過不足分演算部は、前記傾転角制御における前記液圧ポンプの傾転角の応答遅れによって生じる、前記不足トルクに対するトルク低減の過不足分を前記低減トルク推定部によって推定された前記低減トルクに基づいて演算し、
前記トルク補正部は、前記出力値に前記トルク低減の過不足分を加算することによって前記出力値を補正する、請求項1に記載の液圧駆動システム。 - 前記低減トルク推定部は、一次遅れ要素を含む伝達関数により前記低減トルクを推定する、請求項2に記載の液圧駆動システム。
- 前記制御装置は、指令トルク制限部を有し、
前記指令トルク制限部は、前記制限値より大きい最大許容トルク以下に指令トルクを制限するようになっている、請求項1乃至3のいずれか1つに記載の液圧駆動システム。 - 前記電動機に電力を供給する電力供給装置と、
前記電力供給装置の状態を表す状態値を検出する状態値検出センサを備え、
前記目標アシストトルク制限部は、前記状態検出値の検出結果に応じて前記制限値を変更する、請求項1乃至4のいずれか1つに記載の液圧駆動システム。 - 前記前記制御装置は、目標燃料噴射量演算部と、噴射量制限部と、実トルク演算部と、目標トルク演算部と、差分トルク演算部と、を有し、
前記目標燃料噴射量演算部は、目標回転数に応じた目標燃料噴射量を演算し、
前記噴射量制限部は、前記目標燃料噴射量演算部によって演算される前記目標燃料噴射量まで段階的に実燃料噴射量を増加させる機能を有し、増加させる際の実燃料噴射量の時間変化率が所定値以下となるように実燃料噴射量を決定し、
前記実トルク演算部は、前記回転数センサで検出される実回転数と前記噴射量制限部で決定された前記実燃料噴射量とに基づいて前記エンジンで出力される実トルクを演算し、
前記目標トルク演算部は、前記回転数センサで検出される実回転数と前記目標燃料噴射量演算部で演算される前記目標燃料噴射量とに基づいて、前記回転軸に与える目標トルクを演算し、
前記差分トルク演算部は、前記目標トルク演算部で演算される前記目標トルクに対して前記実トルク演算部で演算される前記実トルクで不足する差分トルクを演算し、
前記目標アシストトルク演算部は、前記差分トルク演算部で演算される前記差分トルクに基づいて目標アシストトルクを演算する、請求項1乃至5の何れか1つに記載の液圧駆動システム。 - 前記制御装置は、実燃料噴射量演算部と、トルク変化推定部と、変化トルク演算部と、を有し、
前記燃料噴射量演算部は、目標回転数に応じた実燃料噴射量を演算し、
前記トルク変化推定部は、前記燃料噴射量演算部で演算される前記実燃料噴射量に対する前記エンジンの出力トルクの単位回転数当たりの変化を推定し、
前記変化トルク演算部は、前記トルク変化推定部で演算される前記出力トルクの単位回転数当たりの変化に基づいてアシストする変化トルクを演算し、
前記目標アシストトルク演算部は、前記変化トルク演算部で演算される変化トルクに基づいて目標アシストトルクを演算する、請求項1乃至6の何れか1つに記載の液圧駆動システム。
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