WO2016024511A1 - 磁気特性に優れる無方向性電磁鋼板 - Google Patents
磁気特性に優れる無方向性電磁鋼板 Download PDFInfo
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- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/12—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials
- H01F1/14—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/147—Alloys characterised by their composition
- H01F1/14766—Fe-Si based alloys
- H01F1/14791—Fe-Si-Al based alloys, e.g. Sendust
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- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/12—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties
- C21D8/1216—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties the working step(s) being of interest
- C21D8/1233—Cold rolling
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- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/12—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties
- C21D8/1244—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties the heat treatment(s) being of interest
- C21D8/1266—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties the heat treatment(s) being of interest between cold rolling steps
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- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/12—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties
- C21D8/1244—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties the heat treatment(s) being of interest
- C21D8/1272—Final recrystallisation annealing
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- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/12—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties
- C21D8/1277—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties involving a particular surface treatment
- C21D8/1283—Application of a separating or insulating coating
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- C22C38/001—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
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- C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/004—Very low carbon steels, i.e. having a carbon content of less than 0,01%
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/008—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing tin
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/14—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing titanium or zirconium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/60—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing lead, selenium, tellurium, or antimony, or more than 0.04% by weight of sulfur
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/12—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials
- H01F1/14—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/147—Alloys characterised by their composition
- H01F1/14766—Fe-Si based alloys
- H01F1/14775—Fe-Si based alloys in the form of sheets
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/12—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials
- H01F1/14—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/16—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys in the form of sheets
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/02—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the magnetic material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
- B60L50/10—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/008—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Si
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- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/12—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a high magnetic flux density non-oriented electrical steel sheet having excellent magnetic properties, which is mainly used for iron cores such as drive motors and generator motors of hybrid vehicles and electric vehicles.
- the iron core material used for the induction motor is required to have a low excitation effective current at the designed magnetic flux density in order to reduce the copper loss by lowering the excitation effective current. Has been. In order to reduce the excitation current, it is effective to increase the magnetic flux density of the core material.
- drive motors and generator motors used in hybrid vehicles and electric vehicles which have been rapidly spreading recently, need to be installed in a limited space in the vehicle, and reduce the vehicle weight. Therefore, downsizing is strongly desired.
- the drive motor and generator motor have been reduced in size by variable speed operation by frequency control of the drive power supply and high-speed rotation at a commercial frequency or higher. Therefore, high output, high torque, and high efficiency at a high frequency are required in order to achieve a satisfactory performance. Therefore, magnetic steel sheets used for such motor iron cores are strongly required to have high magnetic flux density and low iron loss.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a non-oriented electrical steel sheet in which 0.1 to 5 mass% of Co is added to steel with 4 mass% or less of Si.
- Patent Document 2 discloses that P content is 0.07 to 0.20 mass%, Si content is 0.17 to 3.0 mass%, and hot-rolled sheet annealing is performed by box annealing with a slow cooling rate.
- Patent Document 3 proposes a method of increasing the magnetic flux density by setting the Al content to 0.017 mass% or less.
- Patent Document 4 proposes a technique for increasing the magnetic flux density by adding Sb or Sn as an element other than those described above.
- JP 2000-129410 A Japanese Patent No. 3870893 Japanese Patent No. 4126479 Japanese Patent No. 2500033
- Patent Document 1 since the technique disclosed in Patent Document 1 is a very expensive element, when applied to a general motor, there is a problem that a significant cost increase occurs. Further, the technique disclosed in Patent Document 2 has a problem that when this method is applied to actual production, operation troubles such as breakage frequently occur in a rolling process and the like, and productivity and yield are inevitably reduced. Moreover, when hot-rolled sheet annealing is box annealing, there is also a problem that the manufacturing cost increases as compared with continuous annealing. Moreover, with the technique disclosed in Patent Document 3, a sufficient effect of improving the magnetic flux density cannot be stably obtained by one cold rolling at room temperature.
- the present invention has been developed in view of the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, and its purpose is to provide a non-oriented electrical steel sheet with high magnetic flux density and low iron loss at low cost and stably. is there.
- the present invention relates to C: 0.01 mass% or less, Si: 1.3 to 5.0 mass%, Mn: 0.001 to 3 mass%, sol. Al: 0.004 mass% or less, P: 0.03 to 0.20 mass%, S: 0.005 mass% or less, N: 0.005 mass% or less, Ti: more than 0.0020 mass%, and 0.1 mass% or less
- the remainder is a non-oriented electrical steel sheet characterized by Fe and inevitable impurities.
- the non-oriented electrical steel sheet of the present invention further includes one or two selected from Sn: 0.001 to 0.1 mass% and Sb: 0.001 to 0.1 mass%. It is characterized by containing.
- non-oriented electrical steel sheet of the present invention further includes one or two selected from Ca: 0.001 to 0.02 mass% and Mg: 0.001 to 0.02 mass% in addition to the above component composition. It contains seeds.
- the non-oriented electrical steel sheet of the present invention is characterized in that the plate thickness is 0.1 to 0.3 mm.
- a high magnetic flux density non-oriented electrical steel sheet having excellent iron loss characteristics can be provided at low cost and stably, so that a highly efficient induction motor and a hybrid requiring high torque are provided. It can be suitably used as a core material for drive motors of automobiles and electric vehicles and high efficiency generators that require high power generation efficiency.
- Ti is a graph showing the effect on the magnetic flux density B 50 after annealing content finishing.
- hot rolling was performed to obtain a hot-rolled sheet having a thickness of 1.6 mm.
- the hot-rolled sheet was subjected to hot-rolled sheet annealing at 980 ° C. for 30 seconds, then pickled and cold-rolled to obtain a cold-rolled sheet having a thickness of 0.20 mm, and then 1000 ° C. for 10 seconds.
- the finish annealing was performed to obtain a cold-rolled annealing plate.
- test pieces having a width of 30 mm and a length of 280 mm with the length direction being the rolling direction (L direction) and the direction perpendicular to the rolling direction (C direction) were collected from each direction.
- the magnetic flux density B 50 was measured by the 25 cm Epstein method described in JIS C2550, and the results are shown in FIG. 1 as the relationship with the P content. From FIG. 1, in Al-added steel, even if the P content is increased, the magnetic flux density is not improved, but in the Al-less steel, the magnetic flux density is improved by increasing the P content. I understand that.
- the effect of improving the magnetic characteristics (magnetic flux density) by adding Ti is considered as follows.
- TiN precipitates finely, but when a predetermined amount or more of Ti is added, the nitride mainly precipitates as TiN coarsely because the Al content is small.
- the magnetic flux density was improved as a result of suppressing the fine precipitation of AlN at the grain boundaries and promoting the precipitation of P at the grain boundaries.
- the present invention is based on the above findings.
- C 0.01 mass% or less Since C is a harmful element that deteriorates iron loss, the smaller the C, the more preferable. If C exceeds 0.01 mass%, the iron loss increases significantly, so the upper limit of C is set to 0.01 mass%. Preferably, it is 0.005 mass% or less. The lower limit is not particularly limited because C is preferably as small as possible.
- Si 1.3-5.0 mass% Si is generally added as a deoxidizer for steel, but in an electrical steel sheet, it is an important element because it has the effect of increasing electrical resistance and reducing iron loss at high frequencies. In order to obtain, addition of 1.3 mass% or more is required. However, if it exceeds 5.0 mass%, cracks are generated during cold rolling, and the manufacturability is reduced and the magnetic flux density is also reduced. Therefore, the upper limit is set to 5.0 mass%. Preferably, it is in the range of 1.5 to 4.0 mass%. More preferably, it is in the range of 1.6 to 3.7 mass%.
- Mn 0.001 to 3 mass%
- Mn has the function of improving the hot workability of steel and preventing the occurrence of surface flaws. Moreover, although not as effective as Si and Al, it has the effect of increasing the electrical resistance and reducing the iron loss. Therefore, 0.001 mass% or more of Mn is added.
- the Mn content is increased, the magnetic flux density and the saturation magnetic flux density are decreased, so the upper limit of the Mn content is 3 mass%.
- it is in the range of 0.01 to 2 mass%. More preferably, it is in the range of 0.05 to 1 mass%.
- Al 0.004 mass% or less
- Al When Al is reduced, it has the effect of improving the texture of the finish annealed plate and increasing the magnetic flux density. In order to obtain the effect of improving the magnetic flux density by adding P, it is essential to reduce Al. However, if Al exceeds 0.004 mass%, the effect of adding P cannot be obtained. Therefore, the upper limit of Al is set to 0.004 mass%. Preferably it is 0.003 mass% or less. The lower limit is not particularly limited because Al is preferably as small as possible.
- N 0.005 mass% or less N generates nitrides and deteriorates magnetic properties, so is limited to 0.005 mass% or less. Preferably it is 0.003 mass% or less.
- the lower limit is not particularly limited because it is preferably as small as possible.
- P 0.03-0.20 mass%
- P is one of the important elements in the present invention, and as shown in FIG. 1, in Al-less steel, it has the effect of segregating at the grain boundaries and increasing the magnetic flux density. The said effect is acquired by addition of 0.03 mass% or more. On the other hand, when P exceeds 0.20 mass%, it is difficult to cold-roll. Therefore, in the present invention, the addition amount of P is set in the range of 0.03 to 0.20 mass%. Preferably, it is in the range of 0.05 to 0.15 mass%.
- S 0.005 mass% or less Since S is an element that forms precipitates and inclusions and degrades the magnetic properties of the product, the smaller the amount, the better. Therefore, the upper limit of S is set to 0.005 mass% in order not to deteriorate the magnetic characteristics. Preferably it is 0.003 mass% or less. In addition, about a lower limit, since it is so preferable that it is small, it does not specifically limit.
- Ti more than 0.0020 mass% and not more than 0.1 mass% Ti is combined with N to form coarse TiN, and the effect of improving the magnetic flux density by suppressing Al from being finely precipitated as AlN. There is.
- Ti is 0.0020 mass% or less, the above effect cannot be obtained.
- it exceeds 0.1 mass% surface defects called “hege” occur, resulting in a decrease in manufacturability and yield. Therefore, Ti is set to a range of more than 0.0020 mass% and less than 0.1 mass%. It is preferably in the range of more than 0.0020 mass% and not more than 0.05 mass%, more preferably in the range of 0.0030 to 0.01 mass%.
- the non-oriented electrical steel sheet according to the present invention may contain one or more selected from Sn, Sb, Ca and Mg in the following range, in addition to the essential components.
- Sn 0.001 to 0.1 mass%
- Sn is an element that segregates at the grain boundary, but has a small effect on the segregation of P. Rather, it has the effect of promoting the formation of deformation bands within the grain and increasing the magnetic flux density. The said effect is acquired by addition of 0.001 mass% or more.
- addition exceeding 0.1 mass% embrittles the steel and increases surface defects such as plate breakage and hege in the manufacturing process. Therefore, when adding Sn, it is preferable to be in the range of 0.001 to 0.1 mass%. More preferably, it is in the range of 0.01 to 0.05 mass%.
- Sb 0.001 to 0.1 mass%
- Sb is an element that segregates at the grain boundaries, but has little effect on the segregation of P. Rather, it has the effect of enhancing magnetic properties by suppressing nitriding during annealing. The said effect is acquired by addition of 0.001 mass% or more. On the other hand, addition exceeding 0.1 mass% embrittles the steel and increases surface defects such as plate breakage and hege in the manufacturing process. Therefore, when Sb is added, it is preferably in the range of 0.001 to 0.1 mass%. More preferably, it is in the range of 0.01 to 0.05 mass%.
- Ca 0.001 to 0.02 mass%
- Ca has the effect of coarsening sulfides and reducing iron loss, so 0.001 mass% or more can be added.
- the upper limit is made 0.02 mass%. More preferably, it is in the range of 0.002 to 0.01 mass%.
- Mg 0.001 to 0.02 mass%
- Mg like Ca
- the upper limit is made 0.02 mass%. More preferably, it is in the range of 0.002 to 0.01 mass%.
- the balance other than the above components in the non-oriented electrical steel sheet of the present invention is Fe and inevitable impurities. However, addition of other components is not rejected as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired.
- the manufacturing method of the non-oriented electrical steel sheet of this invention is described.
- the non-oriented electrical steel sheet of the present invention uses a slab in which the contents of Al, P, and Ti are within the above-described appropriate ranges
- the known non-oriented electrical steel sheet production method can be used.
- the following method that is, a steel adjusted to the above-mentioned predetermined component composition by a refining process such as a converter or an electric furnace is melted, secondarily refined with a degassing facility, and continuously cast. Steel slab, hot rolled, hot-rolled sheet annealed as necessary, pickled, cold rolled, finish annealed, and then applied and baked insulation coating it can.
- the thickness of the hot-rolled steel sheet is preferably in the range of 1.4 to 2.8 mm. If it is less than 1.4 mm, rolling troubles in hot rolling increase, while if it exceeds 2.8 mm, the cold rolling reduction becomes too high and the texture deteriorates.
- the soaking temperature is preferably in the range of 900 to 1200 ° C. If the temperature is lower than 900 ° C, the effect of hot-rolled sheet annealing cannot be sufficiently obtained, and the magnetic properties are not improved. On the other hand, if the temperature exceeds 1200 ° C, it is disadvantageous in terms of cost, and surface defects due to scale occur. Because it does.
- the cold rolling from the hot rolled sheet to the final sheet thickness is preferably performed once or twice or more with intermediate annealing interposed therebetween.
- the final cold rolling is a warm rolling in which the plate temperature is rolled at a temperature of about 200 ° C., which has a large effect of improving the magnetic flux density. If it is, it is preferable to carry out warm rolling.
- the plate thickness (final plate thickness) of the cold-rolled plate is preferably in the range of 0.1 to 0.3 mm. This is because if the thickness is less than 0.1 mm, the productivity decreases, while if it exceeds 0.3 mm, the effect of reducing the iron loss is small.
- the finish annealing applied to the cold-rolled sheet having the final thickness is preferably soaked at a temperature of 900 to 1150 ° C. for 5 to 60 seconds in a continuous annealing furnace.
- the soaking temperature is less than 900 ° C.
- recrystallization does not proceed sufficiently and good magnetic properties cannot be obtained, and in addition, the plate shape correction effect in continuous annealing cannot be obtained sufficiently.
- the temperature exceeds 1150 ° C., crystal grains become coarse, and iron loss particularly in a high frequency region increases.
- box annealing is disadvantageous in terms of productivity and manufacturing cost, it is preferable to employ continuous annealing for finish annealing.
- the steel sheet after the finish annealing is preferably coated with an insulating coating on the steel sheet surface in order to reduce iron loss.
- the insulating coating is preferably an organic coating containing a resin.
- a semi-organic or inorganic coating may be applied. desirable.
- the non-oriented electrical steel sheet produced as described above may be used without being subjected to strain relief annealing, or may be used after being subjected to strain relief annealing. Moreover, after shaping through the punching step, strain relief annealing may be performed. Here, the strain relief annealing is generally performed under conditions of about 750 ° C. ⁇ 2 hours.
- Steel having various composition shown in Table 1 was melted and continuously cast into a steel slab.
- the slab was reheated to a temperature of 1020 to 1120 ° C. and hot-rolled to a thickness of 1.6 mm.
- a hot-rolled sheet was subjected to hot-rolled sheet annealing at a soaking temperature of 1000 ° C. and a soaking time of 30 seconds by continuous annealing, and then cold-rolled to form a cold-rolled sheet having a thickness of 0.20 mm.
- the cold-rolled sheet was subjected to finish annealing at a soaking temperature of 1000 ° C. and a soaking time of 10 seconds, and then coated with an insulating film to obtain a product coil of a non-oriented electrical steel sheet.
- the non-oriented electrical steel sheet of the present invention example in which the steel components are controlled in the range of Al, P and Ti suitable for the present invention has a higher magnetic flux density than the steel sheet of the comparative example that deviates from the above range. Moreover, it turns out that it is excellent in an iron loss characteristic.
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Abstract
Description
このような背景から、著しいコストアップを招くことなく、磁束密度が高くかつ鉄損が低い電磁鋼板の開発が望まれている。
<実験1>
まず、磁束密度に及ぼすPの影響を調査するため、C:0.002mass%、Si:3.1mass%、Mn:0.2mass%、Al:0.001mass%、N:0.002mass%およびS:0.002mass%の成分組成を有するAlレス鋼と、C:0.002mass%、Si:2.7mass%、Mn:0.2mass%、Al:0.30mass%、N:0.002mass%およびS:0.002mass%の成分組成を有するAl添加鋼において、Pの添加量を0.01~0.16mass%の範囲で種々に変化させた鋼を実験室で溶解し、鋼塊とした後、1100℃の温度に加熱後、熱間圧延し、板厚1.6mmの熱延板とした。次いで、上記熱延板に、980℃×30秒の熱延板焼鈍を施した後、酸洗し、冷間圧延して板厚0.20mmの冷延板とし、その後、1000℃×10秒の仕上焼鈍を施し、冷延焼鈍板とした。
次に、P添加鋼の製造安定性を調査するため、C:0.002mass%、Si:3.1mass%、Mn:0.2mass%、P:0.06mass%、Al:0.001mass%、N:0.002mass%およびS:0.002mass%を含有するAlレス鋼を10チャージ出鋼し、熱間圧延して板厚1.6mmの熱延板とした。次いで、これらの熱延板に、980℃×30秒の熱延板焼鈍を施し、酸洗し、冷間圧延して板厚0.20mmの冷延板とした後、1000℃×10秒の仕上焼鈍を施して冷延焼鈍板とした。
斯くして得た冷延焼鈍板について上記と同様にして磁束密度B50を測定したところ、測定結果が大きくばらつくことが明らかになった。そこで、磁束密度が低い鋼板の断面を走査型電子顕微鏡(SEM)で観察したところ、結晶粒界に微細な窒化物の析出が多数認められた。
そこで、発明者らは、微細な窒化物の粗大化を図るため、Tiの添加効果について調査した。
C:0.001mass%、Si:3.2mass%、Mn:0.2mass%、P:0.06mass%P、Al:0.001mass%、N:0.002mass%およびS:0.001mass%の成分組成を有し、Ti添加量を0.0014~0.0050mass%の範囲で種々に変化させた鋼を実験室で溶解し、鋼塊とした後、1100℃に加熱後、熱間圧延し、板厚1.6mmの熱延板とした。
次いで、上記熱延板に1020℃×30秒の熱延板焼鈍を施した後、酸洗し、冷間圧延して板厚0.20mmの冷延板とし、その後、1000℃×10秒の仕上焼鈍を施し、冷延焼鈍板とした。
Al添加鋼では、Nは多量のAlと結合して主にAlNとして粗大に析出し、一方、Tiは主に微細なTiCとして析出する。したがって、Al添加鋼においては、磁気特性の観点からはTi含有量は少ないほど好ましいといえる。
一方、低Al鋼(Alレス鋼)では、TiはTiNとして析出する。この際、Ti含有量が少量では、TiNは微細に析出するものの、所定量以上のTiを添加すると、Al含有量が少ないが故に、窒化物は主にTiNとなって粗大に析出する。その結果、粒界へのAlNの微細な析出が抑制され、Pの粒界への析出が促進された結果、磁束密度が向上したものと考えられる。
本発明は、上記の知見に基くものである。
C:0.01mass%以下
Cは、鉄損を劣化させる有害元素であるので少ないほど好ましい。Cが0.01mass%を超えると、鉄損増加が顕著になることから、Cの上限は0.01mass%とする。好ましくは、0.005mass%以下である。なお、下限については、Cは少なければ少ないほど好ましいので、とくに限定しない。
Siは、鋼の脱酸剤として一般的に添加されるが、電磁鋼板においては、電気抵抗を高めて高周波数での鉄損を低減する効果を有するため重要な元素であり、斯かる効果を得るためには1.3mass%以上の添加を必要とする。しかし、5.0mass%を超えると、冷間圧延中に亀裂を生じるようになり、製造性が低下する他、磁束密度も低下するため、その上限は5.0mass%とする。好ましくは1.5~4.0mass%の範囲である。より好ましくは1.6~3.7mass%の範囲である。
Mnは、鋼の熱間加工性を改善し、表面疵の発生を防止する働きがある。また、SiやAlほどの効果はないが、電気抵抗を増加して鉄損を低減する効果がある。そこで、Mnは0.001mass%以上を添加する。一方、Mn含有量が多くなると、磁束密度や飽和磁束密度が低下するため、Mn含有量の上限は3mass%とする。好ましくは0.01~2mass%の範囲である。より好ましくは0.05~1mass%の範囲である。
Alは、低減すると仕上焼鈍板の集合組織を改善し、磁束密度を高める効果がある。また、P添加による磁束密度向上効果を得るためには、Alの低減は必須である。しかし、Alが0.004mass%を超えると、Pの添加効果が得られなくなる。よって、Alの上限は0.004mass%とする。好ましくは0.003mass%以下である。なお、下限については、Alは少ないほど好ましいので、とくに限定しない。
Nは、窒化物を生成し、磁気特性を劣化させるので、0.005mass%以下に制限する。好ましくは0.003mass%以下である。下限については、少ないほど好ましいので、とくに限定しない。
Pは、本発明における重要元素の一つであり、図1に示したように、Alレス鋼において、粒界に偏析して磁束密度を高める効果がある。上記効果は0.03mass%以上の添加で得られる。一方、Pが0.20mass%を超えると、冷間圧延することが困難となる。よって、本発明では、Pの添加量を0.03~0.20mass%の範囲とする。好ましくは0.05~0.15mass%の範囲である。
Sは、析出物や介在物を形成し、製品の磁気特性を劣化させる元素であるので、少ないほど好ましい。そこで、磁気特性を劣化させないためSの上限を0.005mass%とする。好ましくは0.003mass%以下である。なお、下限については、少ないほど好ましいので、とくに限定しない。
Tiは、Nと結合して粗大なTiNを形成し、AlがAlNとなって微細に析出するのを抑制することによって、磁束密度を向上する効果がある。Tiが0.0020mass%以下では上記効果は得られず、一方、0.1mass%を超える添加は、ヘゲと呼ばれる表面欠陥が発生し、製造性や歩留まりの低下を招く。よって、Tiは0.0020mass%超0.1mass%以下の範囲とする。好ましくは0.0020mass%超0.05mass%以下の範囲、より好ましくは0.0030~0.01mass%の範囲である。
Sn:0.001~0.1mass%
Snは、粒界に偏析する元素であるが、Pの偏析に及ぼす影響は小さく、むしろ、粒内の変形帯の形成を促進し、磁束密度を高める効果を有する。上記効果は、0.001mass%以上の添加で得られる。一方、0.1mass%を超える添加は、鋼が脆化し、製造工程での板破断やヘゲ等の表面欠陥を増加させる。よって、Snを添加する場合は0.001~0.1mass%の範囲とするのが好ましい。より好ましくは0.01~0.05mass%の範囲である。
Sbは、Snと同様、粒界に偏析する元素であるが、Pの偏析に及ぼす影響は小さく、むしろ、焼鈍時の窒化を抑制することにより磁気特性を高める効果を有する。上記効果は、0.001mass%以上の添加で得られる。一方、0.1mass%を超える添加は、鋼が脆化し、製造工程での板破断やヘゲ等の表面欠陥を増加させる。よって、Sbを添加する場合は0.001~0.1mass%の範囲とするのが好ましい。より好ましくは0.01~0.05mass%の範囲である。
Caは、硫化物を粗大化し、鉄損を低減する効果を有するため、0.001mass%以上添加することができる。一方、過剰に添加しても、上記効果は飽和し、経済的に不利となるだけであるため上限は0.02mass%とする。より好ましくは0.002~0.01mass%の範囲である。
Mgは、Caと同様、硫化物を粗大化し、鉄損を低減する効果を有するため、0.001mass%以上添加することができる。一方、過剰に添加しても、上記効果は飽和し、経済的に不利となるだけであるため上限は0.02mass%とする。より好ましくは0.002~0.01mass%の範囲である。
本発明の無方向性電磁鋼板は、その素材としてAl,PおよびTiの含有量が上記した適正範囲内のスラブを用いる限り、公知の無方向性電磁鋼板の製造方法を用いることができ、特に制限はないが、例えば、以下の方法、すなわち、転炉あるいは電気炉などの精錬プロセスで上記所定の成分組成に調整した鋼を溶製し、脱ガス設備等で二次精錬し、連続鋳造して鋼スラブとした後、熱間圧延し、必要に応じて熱延板焼鈍した後、酸洗し、冷間圧延し、仕上焼鈍した後、絶縁被膜を塗布・焼付ける方法を採用することができる。
なお、仕上焼鈍には、箱焼鈍は生産性や製造コスト面で不利であるため、連続焼鈍を採用するのが好ましい。
斯くして得た無方向性電磁鋼板の製品コイルから、長さ方向を圧延方向(L方向)および圧延方向に直角方向(C方向)とする幅30mm×長さ280mmの試験片を、それぞれの方向から採取し、JIS C2550に記載の25cmエプスタイン法で、磁化力5000A/mにおける磁束密度B50(T)および磁束密度1.0T、周波数800Hzで励磁したときの鉄損W10/800(W/kg)を測定した。上記磁気特性の測定結果を表1に併記した。
Claims (4)
- C:0.01mass%以下、
Si:1.3~5.0mass%、
Mn:0.001~3mass%、
sol.Al:0.004mass%以下、
P:0.03~0.20mass%、
S:0.005mass%以下、
N:0.005mass%以下、
Ti:0.0020mass%超0.1mass%以下を含有し、残部がFeおよび不可避的不純物であることを特徴とする無方向性電磁鋼板。 - 上記成分組成に加えてさらに、Sn:0.001~0.1mass%およびSb:0.001~0.1mass%のうちから選ばれる1種または2種を含有することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の無方向性電磁鋼板。
- 上記成分組成に加えてさらに、Ca:0.001~0.02mass%およびMg:0.001~0.02mass%のうちから選ばれる1種または2種を含有することを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の無方向性電磁鋼板。
- 板厚が0.1~0.3mmであることを特徴とする請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の無方向性電磁鋼板。
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JP6593555B2 (ja) * | 2017-01-16 | 2019-10-23 | 日本製鉄株式会社 | 無方向性電磁鋼板及び無方向性電磁鋼板の製造方法 |
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CN114630918B (zh) * | 2019-12-09 | 2023-04-25 | 杰富意钢铁株式会社 | 无方向性电磁钢板和马达铁芯及其制造方法 |
CN113789467B (zh) * | 2021-08-19 | 2023-01-17 | 鞍钢股份有限公司 | 一种含磷无铝高效无取向硅钢生产方法 |
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EP3974547A1 (en) * | 2017-02-07 | 2022-03-30 | Jfe Steel Corporation | Motor core |
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MX2017001833A (es) | 2017-04-27 |
BR112017000941A2 (pt) | 2017-11-14 |
CN106536778A (zh) | 2017-03-22 |
KR20170026552A (ko) | 2017-03-08 |
EP3181712A4 (en) | 2018-01-03 |
BR112017000941B1 (pt) | 2021-06-29 |
EP3181712A1 (en) | 2017-06-21 |
TWI561641B (ja) | 2016-12-11 |
EP3181712B1 (en) | 2019-02-13 |
JP2016041832A (ja) | 2016-03-31 |
US20170229222A1 (en) | 2017-08-10 |
TW201612329A (en) | 2016-04-01 |
JP6319574B2 (ja) | 2018-05-09 |
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