WO2016023206A1 - 一种波束扫描天线、微波系统以及波束对准方法 - Google Patents

一种波束扫描天线、微波系统以及波束对准方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016023206A1
WO2016023206A1 PCT/CN2014/084383 CN2014084383W WO2016023206A1 WO 2016023206 A1 WO2016023206 A1 WO 2016023206A1 CN 2014084383 W CN2014084383 W CN 2014084383W WO 2016023206 A1 WO2016023206 A1 WO 2016023206A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
feed
feeds
aperture unit
aperture
circle
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2014/084383
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
�龙昊
汤富生
曾卓
骆彦行
Original Assignee
华为技术有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 华为技术有限公司 filed Critical 华为技术有限公司
Priority to PCT/CN2014/084383 priority Critical patent/WO2016023206A1/zh
Priority to CN201480080892.9A priority patent/CN106663877B/zh
Priority to EP14899647.3A priority patent/EP3171456B1/en
Publication of WO2016023206A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016023206A1/zh
Priority to US15/432,687 priority patent/US10290947B2/en

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Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q15/00Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
    • H01Q15/14Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/24Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the orientation by switching energy from one active radiating element to another, e.g. for beam switching
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
    • H01Q3/30Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array
    • H01Q3/34Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means
    • H01Q3/40Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means with phasing matrix
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/10Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of communications, and in particular, to a beam scanning antenna, a microwave system, and a beam alignment method.
  • high-gain antennas are usually used to obtain longer transmission distances or to avoid interference.
  • the beam angle of the high-gain antenna is very small, the mounting alignment is difficult, and the antenna is slightly shaken when encountering wind or the like. Will cause the link to be interrupted.
  • the antenna device is mounted on a microwave tower that is difficult to shake, and is firmly fixed by a reinforcing device.
  • the installation environment of the microwave tower is relatively limited, not all scenes, for example, it may only be installed on poles or roofs in urban applications; and, work is increased on the microwave tower.
  • the difficulty of installing alignment of the antenna and the cost of installation is relatively limited, not all scenes, for example, it may only be installed on poles or roofs in urban applications; and, work is increased on the microwave tower.
  • Embodiments of the present invention provide a beam scanning antenna, a microwave system, and a beam alignment method, which are used to solve the problem that the antenna installation cost is high and the microwave link is susceptible to shaking.
  • Multi-feed antenna feed switching module, switching control module;
  • the multi-feed antenna includes an aperture unit and at least two feeds for radiating electromagnetic signals; the aperture unit is configured to focus an electromagnetic wave signal by reflection or refraction;
  • the feed switching module includes a plurality of switches, each of the feeds being respectively connected to one of the switches;
  • the switching control module is connected to the feed switching module, and the switching control module is configured to enable each of the feeds to perform signal quality detection by using the feed switching module, and select a signal quality of the best One of the feeds serves as a working feed.
  • the switching control module further includes: a beam tracking module, configured to detect whether a feed with the best signal quality changes, and if yes, notify the beam alignment module One of the feeds with the best signal quality is selected as the working feed.
  • the beam tracking module is specifically configured to: instruct the feed switching module to perform the feed for each preset duration Traversing, so that each of the enabled feeds performs signal quality detection separately, and determines whether the feed with the best signal quality changes according to the result of the signal quality detection;
  • the at least two feeds include a first feed source and at least one second feed source; the first feed source is placed at a focus of the aperture unit, and the beam sent by the first feed source passes through After the aperture unit is reflected or refracted, parallel to the axis of the aperture unit;
  • the second feed is placed around the first feed, and the beam sent by the second feed is reflected or refracted by the aperture unit to form an angle with the axis of the paraboloid.
  • the center of the second feed is hooked on a circle perpendicular to the axis of the aperture unit, and a center of the circle is located on an axis of the aperture unit, and a projection of the second feed on the focal plane is at a distance R from a focus, the focal plane being perpendicular to an axis of the aperture unit and the focus a plane in which the center of the two adjacent feeds is d, and the radiation surface of the second feed is on the same plane, and the distance from the radiation of the first feed Is ⁇ , the ⁇ is greater than or equal to zero.
  • the F is a focal length of the aperture unit
  • the D is a diameter of the aperture unit
  • the k is a constant less than or equal to 1
  • the beam angle of the aperture radiation beam of the second feed source is The beam angle of the aperture radiation beam of the first feed is described.
  • the second feed includes two groups, wherein a center of the first set of second feeds is uniformly placed in a vertical a first circle of the axis of the aperture unit, and a center of the first circle is located on an axis of the aperture unit, and any one of the first group of second sources is on a focal plane
  • the distance between the projection and the focus is that the center distance between the two second feeds adjacent to the first circle is d the radiation surface of the first set of the second feed and the radiation of the first feed
  • the surface distance is uniformly placed on the second circle perpendicular to the axis of the aperture unit, and the center of the second circle is located on the axis of the aperture unit,
  • the projection of the second feed of the second set of the second feeds on the focal plane is at a distance R 2 from the focal point, the focal plane being a plane perpendicular to the axis of the aperture unit and the focus is located;
  • the d 2 satisfies:
  • the F is a focal length of the aperture unit
  • the D is a diameter of the aperture unit
  • the k is a constant less than or equal to 1
  • the beam is a beam of the aperture radiation beam of the first group of second feeds
  • the ⁇ is the beam angle of the aperture radiation beam of the second set of second feeds
  • the ⁇ is the beam angle of the aperture radiation beam radiated by the first feed.
  • the second feed includes n groups, wherein the center of the nth group second feed is uniformly placed on an nth circle perpendicular to the axis of the aperture unit, and the center of the nth circle is located at On the axis of the aperture unit, the projection of the second feed of the nth second feed source on the focal plane is at a distance R n from the focus, adjacent to the nth circle
  • the center distance between the two second feeds is d n
  • the radiation port faces of the second feed source are on the same plane, and the distance from the radiation mouth surface of the first feed source is ⁇ ⁇ , the ⁇ ⁇ Greater than or equal to zero.
  • the F is a focal length of the aperture unit
  • the D is a diameter of the aperture unit
  • the k is a constant less than or equal to 1
  • the beam angle of the aperture radiation beam of the second feed source is The beam angle of the aperture radiation beam of the first feed is described.
  • the at least two feeds are placed around a focus of the aperture unit, and a beam transmitted by any one of the at least two feeds passes the After the aperture unit is reflected or refracted, it forms an angle with the axis of the aperture unit.
  • the centers of the at least two feeds are uniformly placed on a circle perpendicular to an axis of the aperture unit, And the center of the circle is located on the axis of the aperture unit, and the feed is projected on the focal plane at a distance R from the focus, the focal plane being perpendicular to the axis of the aperture unit and the focus is a plane; a center distance between two adjacent feeds is d, the feed is at a distance ⁇ from the focus, and the ⁇ is greater than or equal to zero.
  • the F is a focal length of the aperture unit
  • the D is a diameter of the aperture unit
  • the k is a constant less than or equal to 1
  • the beam angle of the aperture radiation beam of the feed the ⁇ The beam angle of the radiation beam from the focus.
  • the at least two feeds comprise two groups, wherein a center of the first group of feeds is evenly placed in one a first circle perpendicular to an axis of the aperture unit, and a center of the first circle is located on an axis of the aperture unit, a projection of any one of the first set of feeds on a focal plane The distance from the focus is that the center distance between the two second feeds adjacent to the first circle is d.
  • the radiation mouth surface of the first group of feeds and the focus distance are the second group feed
  • the center of the source is evenly placed on a second circle perpendicular to the axis of the aperture unit, and the center of the second circle is located on the axis of the aperture unit, any one of the second set of feeds
  • the distance between the projection of the feed on the focal plane and the focus is R 2
  • the center distance between the two adjacent feeds on the second circle is d 2
  • the radiation of the second set of feeds The distance between the mouth surface and the focal point is ⁇ 2
  • the ⁇ ⁇ . ⁇ 2 is greater than or equal to zero.
  • the d 2 satisfies:
  • F is a focal length of the aperture unit
  • D is a diameter of the aperture unit
  • the k is a constant less than or equal to 1
  • a beam angle of the aperture radiation beam of the first group of feeds is
  • the second The beam angle of the aperture radiation beam of the group feed is ⁇ ⁇ , which is the beam angle of the radiation beam from the focus.
  • the at least two feeds are divided into n sets of feeds; the center of the nth set of feeds is evenly placed on an nth circle perpendicular to the axis of the aperture unit, and the center of the nth circle is located at the center On the axis of the aperture unit, its projection on the focal plane is at a distance R n from the focus, and the center distance between the two adjacent sources on the nth circle is d n , the feed and the The focal distance is ⁇ ⁇ , the ⁇ is greater than or equal to the fifteenth possible method of the first aspect, in the sixteenth possible method,
  • the F is a focal length of the aperture unit
  • the D is a diameter of the aperture unit
  • the k is a constant less than or equal to 1
  • the beam angle of the aperture radiation beam of the feed the ⁇ The beam angle of the radiation beam from the focus.
  • the feed switching module is a radio frequency switch, or a Butler Butler matrix switch.
  • the signal quality includes:
  • the power strength of the signal the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the signal, or the mean square error of the signal. Any combination of the MSE or a combination of two or more.
  • Baseband processing module medium frequency transceiver module and beam scanning antenna
  • the baseband processing module is connected to the middle radio frequency transceiver module, and the baseband processing module is configured to separately modulate and demodulate the transmitted and received signals, and implement service processing according to the transmitted and received signals;
  • the medium radio frequency transceiver module is configured to implement signal separation between receiving and transmitting
  • the beam scanning antenna is connected to the middle radio frequency transceiver module, and the beam scanning antenna comprises: a multi-feed antenna, a feed switching module, and a switching control module;
  • the multi-feed antenna includes an aperture unit and at least two feeds for radiating electromagnetic
  • the aperture unit is configured to focus the electromagnetic wave signal by means of reflection or refraction
  • the feed switching module includes a plurality of switches, each of the feeds being respectively connected to one of the switches;
  • the switching control module is connected to the feed switching module, and the switching control module is configured to enable each of the feeds to perform signal quality detection by using the feed switching module, and select a signal quality of the best One of the feeds serves as a working feed.
  • the switching control module instructs the feed switching module to enable each of the multi-feed antennas such that the feeds respectively perform signal quality detection;
  • the multi-feed antenna includes an aperture unit and at least two feeds;
  • the feed source is configured to radiate an electromagnetic wave signal;
  • the feed switching module includes a multi-way switch, and each of the feed sources is respectively connected to a switch in the feed switching module;
  • the switching control module acquires a result of performing signal quality detection by each of the feeds; and the switching control module selects one of the feeds with the best signal quality as a working feed according to the result of the signal quality detection.
  • the at least two feeds include a first feed source and at least one second feed source; the first feed source is placed at a focus of the aperture unit, and the beam sent by the first feed source passes through After the aperture unit is reflected or refracted, parallel to the axis of the aperture unit;
  • the second feed is placed around the first feed, and the beam sent by the second feed is reflected or refracted by the aperture unit to form an angle with the axis of the paraboloid.
  • the center of the second feed is hooked on a circle perpendicular to the axis of the aperture unit, and a center of the circle is located on an axis of the aperture unit, and a projection of the second feed on the focal plane is at a distance R from a focus, the focal plane being perpendicular to an axis of the aperture unit and the focus a plane in which the center of the two adjacent feeds is d, and the radiation surface of the second feed is on the same plane, and the distance from the radiation of the first feed Is ⁇ , the ⁇ is greater than or equal to zero.
  • the R satisfies:
  • the F is a focal length of the aperture unit
  • the D is a diameter of the aperture unit
  • the k is a constant less than or equal to 1
  • the beam angle of the aperture radiation beam of the second feed source is The beam angle of the aperture radiation beam of the first feed is described.
  • the second feed includes two groups, wherein a center of the first set of second feeds is uniformly placed in a vertical a first circle of the axis of the aperture unit, and a center of the first circle is located on an axis of the aperture unit, and any one of the first group of second sources is on a focal plane
  • the distance between the projection and the focus is that the center distance between the two second feeds adjacent to the first circle is d the radiation surface of the first set of the second feed and the radiation of the first feed
  • the surface distance is uniformly placed on the second circle perpendicular to the axis of the aperture unit, and the center of the second circle is located on the axis of the aperture unit,
  • the projection of the second feed of the second set of the second feeds on the focal plane is at a distance R 2 from the focal point, the focal plane being a plane perpendicular to the axis of the aperture unit and the focus is located;
  • the d 2 satisfies:
  • the F is a focal length of the aperture unit
  • D is a diameter of the aperture unit
  • the k a constant less than or equal to 1
  • the A is a beam angle of an aperture radiation beam of the first group of second feeds
  • is the beam angle of the aperture radiation beam radiated by the first feed.
  • the second feed includes n groups, wherein a center of the nth second feed is uniformly placed in one An nth circle perpendicular to an axis of the aperture unit, and a center of the nth circle is located on an axis of the aperture unit, and any one of the nth group of second feeds is in focus
  • the distance between the projection on the plane and the focus is R n
  • the center distance between the two adjacent feeds on the nth circle is d n
  • the radiation surface of the second feed is On the same plane
  • the distance from the radiation surface of the first feed is ⁇ ⁇
  • the ⁇ ⁇ is greater than or equal to zero.
  • the F is a focal length of the aperture unit
  • the D is a diameter of the aperture unit
  • the k is a constant less than or equal to 1
  • the beam angle of the aperture radiation beam of the second feed source is The beam angle of the aperture radiation beam of the first feed is described.
  • the at least two feeds are placed around a focus of the aperture unit, and a beam transmitted by any one of the at least two feeds passes the After the aperture unit is reflected or refracted, it forms an angle with the axis of the aperture unit.
  • the center of the at least two feeds is placed on a circle perpendicular to an axis of the aperture unit, And the center of the circle is located on the axis of the aperture unit, the feed is projected on the focal plane at a distance R from the focus, the focal plane being perpendicular to the axis of the aperture unit and the focus is a plane; a center distance between two adjacent feeds is d, the feed is at a distance ⁇ from the focus, and the ⁇ is greater than or equal to zero.
  • the R satisfies: ⁇ ⁇ + k[D/(4F)]
  • the F is a focal length of the aperture unit
  • the D is a diameter of the aperture unit
  • the k is a constant less than or equal to 1
  • the beam angle of the aperture radiation beam of the feed the ⁇ The beam angle of the radiation beam from the focus.
  • the at least two feeds comprise two groups, wherein a center of the first group of feeds is uniformly placed in one a first circle perpendicular to an axis of the aperture unit, and a center of the first circle is located on an axis of the aperture unit, a projection of any one of the first set of feeds on a focal plane The distance from the focus is that the center distance between the two second feeds adjacent to the first circle is d.
  • the radiation mouth surface of the first group of feeds and the focus distance are the second group feed
  • the center of the source is evenly placed on a second circle perpendicular to the axis of the aperture unit, and the center of the second circle is located on the axis of the aperture unit, any one of the second set of feeds
  • the distance between the projection of the feed on the focal plane and the focus is R 2
  • the center distance between the two adjacent feeds on the second circle is d 2
  • the radiation of the second set of feeds The distance between the mouth surface and the focal point is ⁇ 2
  • the ⁇ ⁇ . ⁇ 2 is greater than or equal to zero.
  • the Rr satisfies:
  • the R 2 satisfies:
  • the d 2 satisfies:
  • F is a focal length of the aperture unit
  • D is a diameter of the aperture unit
  • the k is a constant less than or equal to 1
  • a beam angle of the aperture radiation beam of the first group of feeds is
  • the second The beam angle of the aperture radiation beam of the group feed is ⁇ ⁇ , which is the beam angle of the radiation beam from the focus.
  • the at least two feeds are divided into n sets of feeds; the center of the nth set of feeds are evenly placed in one An ⁇ circle perpendicular to an axis of the aperture unit, and a center of the ⁇ circle is located on an axis of the aperture unit, and a projection of the projection on the focal plane from the focus is R n , in the The center distance between two adjacent feeds on the n circle is d n , the feed source and the focus distance are ⁇ ⁇ , and the ⁇ is greater than or equal to zero.
  • the F is a focal length of the aperture unit
  • the D is a diameter of the aperture unit
  • the k is a constant less than or equal to 1
  • the A is a beam angle of an aperture radiation beam of the feed
  • is the beam angle of the radiation beam from the focus.
  • the method further includes: detecting whether the feed having the best signal quality changes, and if so, reselecting a feed having the best signal quality as the work feed.
  • whether the feed with the best signal quality is changed specifically includes:
  • the signal quality includes:
  • the power strength of the signal the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the signal, or the mean square error of the signal. Any combination of the MSE or a combination of two or more.
  • the embodiments of the present invention have the following advantages:
  • a plurality of feeds are placed in the antenna, wherein each feed corresponds to one beam pointing, and a feed switching module is further configured to control feed switching to realize beam pointing switching;
  • the feed switching module can select the feed with the best signal quality as the working feed, thereby achieving antenna beam alignment.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a beam scanning antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a layout of a beam scanning antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of another layout of a beam scanning antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of another layout of a beam scanning antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of another layout of a beam scanning antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is another schematic diagram of a layout of a beam scanning antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is another schematic diagram of a layout of a beam scanning antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is another schematic structural diagram of a beam scanning antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a microwave system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic flowchart diagram of a beam alignment method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 11 is another schematic flowchart of a beam alignment method according to an embodiment of the present invention. detailed description
  • an embodiment of a beam scanning antenna includes: a multi-feed antenna 101, a feed switching module 102, and a switching control module 103;
  • the multi-feed antenna 101 includes at least two feeds and one aperture unit; wherein the feed is for radiating electromagnetic wave signals, and the aperture unit is for focusing electromagnetic wave signals by reflection or refraction.
  • the aperture unit can be a reflective surface or a lens.
  • the at least two feeds include: a first feed source, and at least one second feed source; the first feed source may be placed at a focus of the aperture unit, the first feed After the beam transmitted by the source is reflected or refracted by the aperture unit, parallel to the axis of the aperture unit; the second feed may be placed around the first feed, and the beam sent by the second feed After being reflected or refracted by the aperture unit, an angle is formed with the axis of the aperture unit.
  • the value of the angle is related to the offset distance and azimuth angle of each feed from the focus; since each second feed is placed at a different position around the focus, the reflection of each second feed
  • the beam directions will also be inconsistent, such that each second feed forms a larger beam coverage with the first feed.
  • FIG. 2 a feed arrangement manner, wherein the left side of FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the feed arrangement, and the right side of FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the position of the feed projected on the focal plane, the focal plane being vertical a plane of the aperture unit and a plane where the focus is located;
  • the feed source includes: a first feed source and a set of second feed sources; a center of the second feed source is uniformly placed perpendicular to the a circle of the axis of the aperture unit, and the center of the circle is located on the axis of the aperture unit, and the distance of the second feed projected on the focal plane from the focus is R (as shown in the schematic diagram on the left side of FIG.
  • F is the focal length of the aperture unit
  • D is the diameter of the aperture unit
  • k is a constant less than or equal to one.
  • the seamless scan range can cover a maximum of 3 inches.
  • the value of ⁇ is such that the main lobe direction gain of the aperture beam corresponding to the second feed is greater than (G-3) dBi.
  • FIG. 3 another type of feed arrangement is shown in FIG. 3 , wherein the left side of FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the feed arrangement, and the right side of FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the position of the feed projected on the focal plane, and the feed includes : a first feed and two sets of second feeds, wherein a center of the first set of second feeds is placed on a circle perpendicular to an axis of the aperture unit, and a center of the circle is located
  • the distance between the projection of the aperture unit and the focal point on the axis of the aperture unit is that the center distance between two adjacent second feeds is ( ⁇ , the aperture radiation corresponding to the first set of second feeds
  • the beam angle of the beam is ⁇ the center of the second group of second feeds is placed on another circle perpendicular to the axis of the aperture unit, and the center of the circle is located on the axis of the aperture unit,
  • the distance between the projection on the focal plane and the focus is R 2
  • F is the focal length of the aperture unit
  • D is the diameter of the aperture unit
  • k is a constant less than or equal to one.
  • the seamless scan range can cover an angle of up to 5 inches.
  • is such that the main lobe direction gain of the aperture beam corresponding to the first and second sets of second feeds is greater than (G-3) dBi, respectively.
  • n groups of second feeds can be placed, and the seamless scan range is the most Large can cover the angle of (2n+l) ⁇ .
  • FIG. 4 another feed arrangement is shown in FIG. 4 , wherein the left side of FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the position of the feed projected on the focal plane, and the right side of FIG. 4 is the position of the feed projected with the focus
  • the feed source includes: a first feed source and an n set second feed source, wherein the center of the nth group second feed source is hooked on an axis perpendicular to the aperture unit
  • the center of the circle is located on the axis of the aperture unit
  • its projection on the focal plane is at a distance R n from the focus
  • the center distance between two adjacent second feeds is d n
  • the beam angle of the corresponding aperture radiation beam is ⁇
  • the distance between the radiation interface and the radiation surface of the first feed is ⁇ ⁇ ( ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 0 ).
  • the feed is used as the primary radiator of the high-gain antenna, and the electromagnetic wave is focused by reflection or refraction of the aperture unit to achieve high gain of the antenna.
  • the aperture unit is a reflective surface, only one primary reflective surface may be used.
  • the first feed should be located at a focal point of the primary reflective surface with a secondary reflective surface and a primary reflective surface. It is considered that the at least two feeds form a plurality of virtual focus points on the symmetry plane of the secondary reflection surface, and the arrangement of the plurality of virtual focus points should conform to the above arrangement manner to achieve seamless scanning.
  • the aperture unit is a lens, at this time, the first feed should be located at the focus of the lens.
  • the at least two feeds may also be placed around the focus of the aperture unit, the at least two feeds.
  • the beam transmitted by any of the feeds is reflected or refracted by the aperture unit to form an angle with the axis of the aperture unit.
  • the value of the included angle is related to the offset distance and azimuth angle of each feed from the focus; since each feed is placed at a different position around the focus, the direction of the reflected beam of each feed is also Inconsistent, resulting in a larger beam coverage.
  • the multi-feed antenna 101 includes at least two feeds; the centers of the at least two feeds are uniformly placed on an axis perpendicular to the aperture unit. of On the circle, and the center of the circle is located on the axis of the aperture unit.
  • the left side of FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of the feeds
  • the right side of FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the position of the feed projected on the focal plane, the focal plane being a plane perpendicular to the axis of the aperture unit and the focus is located, The feed projects a distance of 1 from the focus on the focal plane.
  • the half power angle of the aperture radiation beam is ⁇ , and the corresponding gain is G dBi; to ensure seamless coverage of the half power beam when beam scanning is performed, it is necessary to satisfy:
  • F is the focal length of the aperture unit
  • D is the diameter of the aperture unit
  • k is a constant less than or equal to one.
  • the seamless scan range can cover a maximum of 2 inches.
  • the value of ⁇ is such that the main lobe direction gain of the aperture beam corresponding to the feed is greater than (G-3) dBi.
  • FIG. 6 Another feed arrangement is shown in FIG. 6 , wherein the left side of FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the position of the feed projected on the focal plane, and the right side of FIG. 6 is the position of the feed projected with the focus
  • a schematic diagram of a plane perpendicular to a plane, the feed comprising: two sets of feeds, wherein a center of the first set of feeds is uniformly placed on a circle perpendicular to an axis of the aperture unit, and a center of the circle Located on the axis of the aperture unit, its projection on the focal plane is at a distance from the focus, the center distance between two adjacent feeds is d, and the beam angle of the aperture radiation beam of the first set of feeds is ⁇
  • the center of the second set of feeds is evenly placed on a circle perpendicular to the axis of the aperture unit, and the center of the circle is located on the axis of the aperture unit, its projection on the focal plane and the distance from the focus R 2 , the center
  • F is the focal length of the aperture unit
  • D is the diameter of the aperture unit
  • k is a constant less than or equal to one.
  • the seamless scan range can cover a maximum of 4 inches.
  • is such that the main lobe direction gain of the aperture beam corresponding to the first and second sets of feeds is greater than (G-3) dBi, respectively.
  • n groups of feeds can be placed, and the seamless scan range can cover an angle of 2 ⁇ * ⁇ at most.
  • FIG. 7 another feed arrangement is shown in FIG. 7 , wherein the left side of FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the position of the feed projected on the focal plane, and the right side of FIG. 7 is the position of the feed projected with the focus Schematic diagram of a plane perpendicular to the plane, the feed comprising: n sets of feeds, wherein the center of the nth set of feeds is evenly placed on a circle perpendicular to the axis of the aperture unit, and the center of the circle is located On the axis of the aperture unit, its projection on the focal plane is at a distance R n from the focus, the center distance between two adjacent feeds is d n , and the beam angle of the corresponding aperture radiation beam is The distance between the radiating surface of the feed and the focal point is ⁇ ⁇ ( ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 0). Assume that when the feed is placed at the focus, the half power angle of the aperture radiation beam is ⁇ , and the corresponding gain is G dBi; to ensure seamless coverage of the
  • the feed switching module 102 includes multiplex switches, each of which is connected to a switch in the feed switching module 102.
  • the feed switching module may be a radio frequency switch, or a Butler matrix switch; wherein the radio frequency switch can only select one feed at a time; and the Butler matrix switch can be selected at one time.
  • the feed switching module may be a radio frequency switch, or a Butler matrix switch; wherein the radio frequency switch can only select one feed at a time; and the Butler matrix switch can be selected at one time.
  • One or more sources In practical applications, if the Butler matrix switch is used to select multiple feeds at a time, the multiple feeds can be used simultaneously for signal transmission and reception.
  • the switching control module 103 is configured to enable each of the feeds to perform signal quality detection by using the feed switching module 102, and select one of the feeds with the best signal quality as a working feed, that is, a feed
  • the source switching module 102 will turn on a switch of the feed with the best signal quality for a subsequent period of time.
  • the working feed refers to a feed that actually works in a beam scanning antenna over a certain period of time, and does not permanently fix a feed as a feed for transmitting and receiving fixed work.
  • control logic set in the switching control module 103 needs to ensure that all feeds or feed combinations can be traversed during the feed selection process.
  • the handover control module 103 may further include a beam alignment module 1031, configured to perform switching control on the feed switching module, and select one of the feeds with the best signal quality as the working feed.
  • the beam alignment module 1031 is a control module, wherein control logic for the feed switching module and logic for selecting a feed may be set.
  • the beam alignment module 1031 may be a type Digital signal processing (DSP) or central processing unit (CPU) module.
  • DSP Digital signal processing
  • CPU central processing unit
  • the signal transmitted by the other microwave system is received, and then the signal quality is detected on the received signal.
  • the signal quality includes: a received signal strength, a signal to noise ratio (SNR) of the received signal, or any one or more of a mean square error (MSE, Mean Square Error) of the received signal.
  • SNR signal to noise ratio
  • MSE mean square error
  • a plurality of feeds are placed, and each of the feeds is respectively connected to a switch in the feed switching module; the switching control module may traverse each through the feed switching module
  • the feed performs signal quality detection and selects one of the feeds with the best signal quality as a working feed, thereby avoiding manual rotation of the antenna for debugging and alignment.
  • another embodiment of a beam scanning antenna includes: a multi-feed antenna 101, a feed switching module 102, and a switching control module 103.
  • the handover control module 103 may further include: a beam alignment module 1031 and a beam tracking module 1032;
  • the beam alignment module 1031 is configured to perform switching control on the feed switching module by using preset control logic, and use the feed source with the best quality of the selection signal as a working feed.
  • the beam tracking module 1032 is configured to detect whether a feed having the best signal quality has changed. If yes, the beam alignment module 1031 is notified to select one of the feeds with the best signal quality as a working feed.
  • the beam tracking module 1032 instructs the feed switching module 102 to traverse the plurality of feeds, and performs signal quality detection when each feed is enabled during the traversal process, according to signal quality detection. The result determines if the feed with the best signal quality has changed.
  • the traversal refers to enabling the feeds one by one. After one feed completes the signal quality detection, it switches to another feed for signal quality detection.
  • the process of switching between the feed and the feed needs to be performed during the gap period of the service data processing, or the service data is switched between the feed and the feed. Cache to avoid affecting the transmission of business data.
  • the beam tracking module 1032 of the local beam scanning antenna may send a first notification message to the opposite beam scanning antenna to notify the peer end.
  • the terminal is currently in the scanning state.
  • the peer beam tracking module locks the scan, that is, keeps the working feed unchanged.
  • the trace module 1032 ends the feed traversal, it can also notify the peer that the current end is not in the scan state.
  • the peer beam tracking module releases the scan lock, and the trace feed traversal can be started according to the situation. .
  • the notification mechanism for ending the feed traversal may be that the local end sends the second notification message to the peer end, or the local end stops sending the first notification message, and the peer end does not receive the first notification message within the preset time, that is, the current Not in scan state.”
  • the beam tracking module 1032 may set a fixed period, and the feed switching module instructs the feed switching module to traverse the feed every preset time, so that each of the enabled feeds is enabled.
  • the source performs signal quality detection separately, and determines whether the feed with the best signal quality changes according to the result of signal quality detection.
  • the signal quality may be detected according to the quality degradation of the received signal.
  • the beam tracking module 1032 monitors the received signal quality in real time, and detects that the received signal quality of the current working feed is lower than a preset threshold. The feed is traversed such that each of the enabled feeds performs signal quality detection, and determines whether the feed with the best signal quality changes according to the result of the signal quality detection.
  • the user may also initiate a process of detecting the signal quality, and the user may send a user instruction to the beam tracking module 1032, instructing the feed switching module to traverse the feed, so that each of the enabled The feed performs signal quality detection separately, and determines whether the feed with the best signal quality changes according to the result of signal quality detection.
  • the embodiment of the present invention further provides a microwave system including the beam scanning antenna.
  • a microwave system including the beam scanning antenna.
  • an embodiment of the microwave system in the embodiment of the present invention includes:
  • Baseband processing module 20 medium radio frequency transceiver module 30 and beam scanning antenna 10;
  • the baseband processing module 20 is coupled to the medium radio frequency transceiver module 30, and the baseband processing module 20 is configured to separately modulate and demodulate the transmitted and received signals, and implement service processing according to the transmitted and received signals.
  • the medium radio frequency transceiver module 30 is configured to implement signal separation between receiving and transmitting. Specifically, the medium radio frequency transceiver module 30 includes: a transmitting link Tx and a receiving link Rx.
  • the beam scanning antenna 10 is connected to the middle radio frequency transceiver module 40.
  • the beam scanning antenna includes: a multi-feed antenna 101, a feed switching module 102, and a switching control module 103;
  • the multi-feed antenna 101 includes at least two feeds, and an aperture unit; wherein the holes
  • the diameter unit is used to focus the electromagnetic wave signal by reflection or refraction.
  • the aperture unit can be a reflective surface or a lens.
  • the feed switching module 102 includes multiplex switches, each of which is connected to a switch in the feed switching module 102.
  • the switching control module 103 is configured to enable each of the feeds to perform signal quality detection by using the feed switching module 102, and select one of the feeds with the best signal quality as the working feed. That is, the feed switching module 102 will turn on a switch of the feed with the best signal quality for a subsequent period of time.
  • the working feed refers to a feed that performs actual work in the beam scanning antenna for a certain period of time, and does not permanently fix a feed as a feed for transmitting and receiving fixed work.
  • control logic set in the switch control module 103 needs to ensure that all feeds are enabled at least once.
  • an embodiment of the beam alignment method in the embodiment of the present invention includes:
  • the switching control module instructs the feed switching module to enable each of the multi-feed antennas; the switching control module instructs the feed switching module to enable each of the multi-feed antennas, so that the feeds are respectively Signal quality detection is performed;
  • the multi-feed antenna includes an aperture unit, and at least two feeds for radiating electromagnetic wave signals, and the aperture unit is configured to focus an electromagnetic wave signal by reflection or refraction.
  • the aperture unit may be a reflective surface or a lens.
  • the feed switching module includes a multiplexer, and each of the feeds is respectively connected to a switch of the feed switching module.
  • the feed switching module may be a radio frequency switch, or a Butler matrix switch; wherein the radio frequency switch can only select one feed at a time; and the Butler matrix switch can select one way at a time. Or multiple feeds. In practical applications, if the Butler matrix switch is used to select multiple feeds at a time, the multiple feeds can be used simultaneously for signal transmission and reception.
  • the handover control module obtains a result of performing signal quality detection by each of the feeds. Exemplarily, when a switch of one feed is turned on, the beam scanning antenna of the other end is sent. The signal is then signal quality detected for that signal. The feed transmits the result of the signal quality detection to the switching control module after the signal quality detection is completed.
  • the signal quality includes: a received signal strength, a signal to noise ratio (SNR) of the received signal, or any one or more of a mean square error (MSE, Mean Square Error) of the received signal.
  • SNR signal to noise ratio
  • MSE mean square error
  • the handover control module selects one of the feeds with the best signal quality as a working feed according to the result of the signal quality detection.
  • the working feed refers to a feed that performs actual work in a beam scanning antenna over a certain period of time, and does not permanently fix a feed as a feed for fixed work.
  • control logic set in the switching control module needs to ensure that all feeds or feed combinations can be traversed at least during the feed selection process. Can be it again.
  • the feed with the best signal quality when determining the feed with the best signal quality, it may be determined only according to the power intensity of the signal, the SNR of the signal or the MSE of the signal, that is, the highest power intensity is selected, or the SNR is selected to be the highest, or The MSE is the smallest; it is also possible to combine the power intensity of the signal, the SNR of the signal, and the MSE of the signal by any two or more conditions, and combine the corresponding weights to select the feed with the best signal quality.
  • the specific implementation manner may be determined according to actual needs, and is not limited herein.
  • a plurality of feeds are placed, and each of the feeds is respectively connected to a switch in the feed switching module; the switching control module can be enabled by the feed switching module
  • the feeds perform signal quality detection and select one of the feeds with the best signal quality as the working feed, thereby avoiding manual debugging and alignment of the antenna.
  • another embodiment of the beam scanning antenna in the embodiment of the present invention includes:
  • the handover control module instructs the feed switching module to traverse the feed; the handover control module instructs the feed switching module to traverse the feed, so that each is enabled
  • the said feed source can perform signal quality detection separately;
  • the handover control module may further include: a beam alignment module and a beam tracking module; wherein the beam alignment module is configured to perform switching control on the feed switching module by using preset control logic, and according to the selection signal One of the best quality feeds is used as a working feed.
  • the beam tracking module is configured to detect whether a feed having the best signal quality has changed, and if so, to notify the beam alignment module to select one of the feeds having the best signal quality as a working feed. Specifically, since the feed switching requires a certain time, the process of switching between the feed and the feed needs to be performed during the gap period of the service data processing, or the service data is switched between the feed and the feed. Cache to avoid affecting the transmission of business data.
  • the beam tracking module of the local beam scanning antenna may initiate a feed traversal, and may send a first notification message to the peer beam scanning antenna to notify the peer that the current Scan status", when the peer receives the first notification message, the peer beam tracking module locks the scan, that is, keeps the working feed unchanged.
  • the local beam tracking module ends the feed traversal, it can also notify the peer that "the local end is not currently in the scanning state".
  • the peer beam tracking module releases the scan lock, which can be determined according to the situation. Start tracking feed traversal.
  • the notification mechanism for ending the feed traversal may be that the local end sends the second notification message to the peer end, or the local end stops sending the first notification message, and the peer end does not receive the first notification message within the preset time, that is, the current Not in scan state.”
  • the triggering switching control module performs signal quality detection on each feed again, including:
  • the user can set a fixed duration and set the beam tracking module to instruct the feed switching module to traverse the feed every preset duration.
  • the user initiates a signal detection process, and the user may send a user instruction to the beam tracking module to instruct the feed switching module to traverse the feed.
  • the user instruction may be sent by using a remote control, a setting program, or a preset button, and the specific implementation form may be determined according to actual needs, where Not limited.
  • the beam tracking module monitors the received signal quality in real time, and traverses the feed when detecting that the received signal quality of the current working feed is lower than a predetermined threshold, so that each of the enabled feeds is respectively Perform signal quality detection.
  • the handover control module obtains a result of performing signal quality detection by each of the feeds. Typically, when a switch of one feed is turned on, receiving a signal sent by the beam scanning antenna of the other end, and then performing the signal. Signal quality detection. The feed transmits the result of the signal quality detection to the switching control module after the signal quality detection is completed.
  • the switching control module selects one of the feeds with the best signal quality as a working feed. During a traversal cycle, the switching control module selects one of the feeds with the best signal quality as the operational feed.
  • the working feed refers to a feed that actually works in a beam scanning antenna over a certain period of time, and does not permanently fix a feed as a feed for transmitting and receiving fixed work.
  • each of the feeds sequentially enables the time period of one pass as one traversal period.
  • the working feed is adjusted according to actual conditions. Even if the antenna in the microwave system is offset due to shaking, the switching control module can automatically reselect a feed with the best signal quality as the work.
  • the feed source makes the signal transmission and reception quality of the microwave link not greatly affected.

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Abstract

一种波束扫描天线、微波系统以及波束对准方法,方法包括:切换控制模块指示馈源切换模块使能多馈源天线中的每个馈源,使得所述馈源分别进行信号质量检测;所述多馈源天线包括孔径单元以及至少两个馈源;所述馈源用于辐射电磁波信号;所述馈源切换模块包括多路开关,每个所述馈源分别与所述馈源切换模块中的一路开关相连接;所述切换控制模块获取所述每个馈源进行信号质量检测的结果;所述切换控制模块根据所述信号质量检测的结果选择信号质量最好的一个所述馈源作为工作馈源。

Description

一种波束扫描天线、 微波系统以及波束对准方法 技术领域
本发明涉及通信领域, 尤其涉及一种波束扫描天线、微波系统以及波束对 准方法。
背景技术
在微波通信应用中通常会使用高增益天线以获得更远的传输距离或避免 干扰, 然而高增益天线波束角非常小, 安装对准难度大, 另外当遇到大风等情 况时, 天线的轻微晃动会导致链路中断。
在现有技术中, 天线的设备安装在难以晃动的微波塔上, 并通过加固装置 进行力口固。
但是, 在实际应用中, 微波塔这种安装环境比较局限, 并不是所有的场景 都有, 例如在城区应用时可能只能安装在抱杆或屋顶上; 并且, 在微波塔上加 大了工作人员对天线进行安装对准的难度和安装的成本。
发明内容
本发明实施例提供了一种波束扫描天线、微波系统以及波束对准方法, 用 于解决天线安装成本高和微波链路易受摇晃影响的问题。
本发明实施例中第一方面提供的波束扫描天线, 包括:
多馈源天线, 馈源切换模块, 切换控制模块;
所述多馈源天线包括孔径单元以及至少两个馈源,所述馈源用于辐射电磁 波信号; 所述孔径单元用于通过反射或折射的方式将电磁波信号聚焦;
所述馈源切换模块包括有多路开关,每个所述馈源分别与一路所述开关相 连接;
所述切换控制模块与所述馈源切换模块相连接,所述切换控制模块用于通 过所述馈源切换模块,使能每个所述馈源进行信号质量检测, 并选择信号质量 最好的一个所述馈源作为工作馈源。
在第一方面的第一种可能实现的方法中, 所述切换控制模块, 还包括: 波束跟踪模块, 用于检测信号质量最好的馈源是否发生改变, 若是, 通知 所述波束对准模块选择信号质量最好的一个所述馈源作为工作馈源。 结合第一方面的第一种可能实现的方法,在第二种可能实现的方法中, 所 述波束跟踪模块具体用于:每隔预置时长指示所述馈源切换模块对所述馈源进 行遍历,使得每个被使能的所述馈源分别进行信号质量检测,根据信号质量检 测的结果确定信号质量最好的馈源是否发生改变;
或者, 接收用户指令, 根据所述用户指令, 指示所述馈源切换模块对所述 馈源进行遍历,使得每个被使能的所述馈源分别进行信号质量检测,根据信号 质量检测的结果确定信号质量最好的馈源是否发生改变;
或者, 实时监测接收信号质量, 当检测到当前工作馈源的接收信号质量低 于预设的阔值时,指示所述馈源切换模块对所述馈源进行遍历,使得每个被使 能的所述馈源分别进行信号质量检测,根据信号质量检测的结果确定信号质量 最好的馈源是否发生改变。
在第一方面的第三种可能实现的方法中,
所述至少两个馈源中包括一个第一馈源, 以及至少一个第二馈源; 所述第一馈源放置在所述孔径单元的焦点处,所述第一馈源发送的波束通 过所述孔径单元反射或折射后, 与所述孔径单元的轴线平行;
所述第二馈源放置在所述第一馈源的四周,所述第二馈源发送的波束通过 所述孔径单元反射或折射后, 与所述抛物面的轴线形成一个夹角。
结合第一方面的第三种可能实现的方法,在第四种可能实现的方法中, 所 述第二馈源的中心均勾的放置在垂直于所述孔径单元的轴线的一个圓上,且所 述圓的圓心位于所述孔径单元的轴线上,所述第二馈源在焦平面上的投影与焦 点的距离为 R,所述焦平面为垂直于所述孔径单元的轴线且所述焦点所在的平 面; 相邻的两个所述第二馈源之间的中心距为 d, 所述第二馈源的辐射口面 在同一平面上, 与所述第一馈源的辐射口面距离为 δ, 所述 δ大于或等于零。
结合第一方面的第四种可能实现的方法, 在第五种可能实现的方法中,
Figure imgf000004_0001
所述 d满足:
d≤ ^2{R2 + F2 ) - 2{R2 + F2 ) co^{912 + φ 12); 所述 F为所述孔径单元的焦距, 所述 D为所述孔径单元的直径, 所述 k 为小于等于 1的常数, 所述 为所述第二馈源的孔径辐射波束的波束角, 所述 Θ为所述第一馈源的孔径辐射波束的波束角。
结合第一方面的第三种可能实现的方法,在第六种可能实现的方法中, 所 述第二馈源包括有两组, 其中, 第一组第二馈源的中心均匀的放置在垂直于所 述孔径单元的轴线的第一圓上,且所述第一圓的圓心位于所述孔径单元的轴线 上,所述第一组第二馈源中任意一个第二馈源在焦平面上的投影与焦点的距离 为 , 在所述第一圓上相邻的两个第二馈源之间的中心距为 d 第一组第二 馈源的辐射口面与第一馈源的辐射口面距离为 第二组第二馈源的中心均匀 的放置在垂直于所述孔径单元的轴线的第二圓上,且所述第二圓的圓心位于所 述孔径单元的轴线上,所述第二组第二馈源中任意一个第二馈源在焦平面上的 投影与焦点的距离为 R2, 所述焦平面为垂直于所述孔径单元的轴线且所述焦 点所在的平面; 在所述第二圓上相邻的两个第二馈源之间的中心距为 d2,第一 组第二馈源的辐射口面与第一馈源的辐射口面距离为 δ2; 所述 δ^。δ2大于或 等于零。
结合第一方面 第七种可能实现的方法中,
Figure imgf000005_0001
所述 d2满足:
d2 < ^2(R2 + 2 ) - 2( ?2 2 + 2 ) cos(^ / 2 + ^2 / 2);
所述 F为所述孔径单元的焦距, 所述 D为所述孔径单元的直径, 所述 k 为小于等于 1的常数,所述 为所述第一组第二馈源的孔径辐射波束的波束角, 所述 ^为所述第二组第二馈源的孔径辐射波束的波束角,所述 Θ为所述第一馈 源辐射的孔径辐射波束的波束角。
结合第一方面的第三种可能实现的方法,在第八种可能实现的方法中, 所 述第二馈源包括有 n组, 其中, 第 n组第二馈源的中心均匀的放置在一个垂直 于所述孔径单元的轴线的第 n圓上,且所述第 n圓的圓心位于所述孔径单元的 轴线上,, 所述第 n组第二馈源中任意一个第二馈源在焦平面上的投影与焦点 的距离为 Rn, 在所述所述第 n圓上相邻的两个第二馈源之间的中心距为 dn, 所述第二馈源的辐射口面在同一平面上, 与所述第一馈源的辐射口面距离为 δη, 所述 δη大于或等于零。
结合第一方面的第八种可能实现的方法,在第九种可能实现的方法中, 其 特征
Figure imgf000006_0001
所述 d满足:
dn < ^2{Rn i + Fi ) - 2{Rn i + z ) cos(^ / 2 + ^„/ 2);
所述 F为所述孔径单元的焦距, 所述 D为所述孔径单元的直径, 所述 k 为小于等于 1的常数, 所述 为所述第二馈源的孔径辐射波束的波束角, 所述 Θ为所述第一馈源的孔径辐射波束的波束角。
在第一方面的第十种可能实现的方法中,所述至少两个馈源放置在所述孔 径单元的焦点周围,所述至少两个馈源中的任一馈源发送的波束通过所述孔径 单元反射或折射后, 与所述孔径单元的轴线形成一个夹角。
结合第一方面的第十种可能实现的方法, 在第十一种可能实现的方法中, 所述至少两个馈源的中心均匀的放置在一个垂直于所述孔径单元的轴线的圓 上,且所述圓的圓心位于所述孔径单元的轴线上, 所述馈源在焦平面上投影与 焦点的距离为 R,所述焦平面为垂直于所述孔径单元的轴线且所述焦点所在的 平面; 相邻的两个所述馈源之间的中心距为 d, 所述馈源与所述焦点距离为 δ, 所述 δ大于或等于零。
结合第一方面的第十一种可能实现的方法, 在第十二种可能实现的方法 中,
Figure imgf000006_0002
所述 d满足:
d≤ ^2{R2 + F2 ) - 2{R2 + F2 ) co^{912 + φ 12); 所述 F为所述孔径单元的焦距, 所述 D为所述孔径单元的直径, 所述 k 为小于等于 1的常数, 所述 为所述馈源的孔径辐射波束的波束角, 所述 Θ为 从所述焦点出辐射波束的波束角。
结合第一方面的第十种可能实现的方法, 在第十三种可能实现的方法中, 所述至少两个馈源包括有两组, 其中, 第一组馈源的中心均匀的放置在一个垂 直于所述孔径单元的轴线的第一圓上,且所述第一圓的圓心位于所述孔径单元 的轴线上,所述第一组馈源中的任意一个馈源在焦平面上的投影与焦点的距离 为 , 在所述第一圓上相邻的两个第二馈源之间的中心距为 d 所述第一组 馈源的辐射口面与所述焦点距离为 第二组馈源的中心均匀的放置在一个垂 直于所述孔径单元的轴线的第二圓上,且所述第二圓的圓心位于所述孔径单元 的轴线上,所述第二组馈源中的任意一个馈源在焦平面上的投影与焦点的距离 为 R2, 在所述第二圓上相邻的两个第二馈源之间的中心距为 d2; 所述第二组 馈源的辐射口面与所述焦点距离为 δ2, 所述 δ^。δ2大于或等于零。
结合第一方面的第十三种可能实现的方法, 在第十四种可能实现的方法 中,
Figure imgf000007_0001
所述 满足:
dx≤^2(RX 2 +F2)-2(R +Ρ2)οο^φΐ2 + φχΙ2);
Figure imgf000007_0002
所述 d2满足:
d2≤ l{R2 2 + 2)-2(R2 2 + 2)cos(^/2 + ^2/2);
其中, 所述 F为孔径单元的焦距, 所述 D为孔径单元的直径, 所述 k为 小于等于 1的常数, 所述第一组馈源的孔径辐射波束的波束角为 , 所述第二 组馈源的孔径辐射波束的波束角为 φτ,所述 Θ为从所述焦点出辐射波束的波束 角。
结合第一方面的第十种可能实现的方法, 在第十五种可能实现的方法中, 所述至少两个馈源分为 n组馈源;第 n组馈源的中心均匀地放置在一个垂直于 所述孔径单元的轴线的第 n圓上,且所述第 n圓的圓心位于所述孔径单元的轴 线上, 其在焦平面上的投影与焦点的距离为 Rn, 在所述第 n圓上相邻的两个 源之间的中心距为 dn,所述馈源与所述焦点距离为 δη,所述 δ大于或等 结合第一方面的第十五种可能实现的方法, 在第十六种可能实现的方法 中,
Figure imgf000008_0001
所述 dn满足:
dn < yj2(Rn 2 + F2 ) - 2(Rn 2 + 2 )cos(^/2 + ^„/ 2);
所述 F为所述孔径单元的焦距, 所述 D为所述孔径单元的直径, 所述 k 为小于等于 1的常数, 所述 为所述馈源的孔径辐射波束的波束角, 所述 Θ为 从所述焦点出辐射波束的波束角。
结合第一方面的以及第一方面的第一至十六种任意一种可能实现的方法, 在第十七种可能实现的方法中, 所述馈源切换模块为射频开关, 或巴特勒 Butler矩阵开关。
结合第一方面的以及第一方面的第一至十七种任意一种可能实现的方法, 在第十八种可能实现的方法中, 所述信号质量包括:
信号的功率强度, 信号的信噪比 SNR, 或信号的均方误差 MSE中任意一 项或两项以上的组合。
本发明实施例中第二方面提供的波束扫描系统, 包括:
基带处理模块, 中射频收发模块和波束扫描天线;
所述基带处理模块与所述中射频收发模块连接,所述基带处理模块用于对 发送和接收的信号分别进行调制和解调,并根据所述发送和接收的信号实现业 务处理;
所述中射频收发模块用于实现接收与发送的信号分离;
所述波束扫描天线与所述中射频收发模块相连, 所述波束扫描天线包括: 多馈源天线, 馈源切换模块, 切换控制模块;
所述多馈源天线包括孔径单元以及至少两个馈源,所述馈源用于辐射电磁 波信号; 所述孔径单元用于通过反射或折射的方式将电磁波信号聚焦; 所述馈源切换模块包括有多路开关,每个所述馈源分别与一路所述开关相 连接;
所述切换控制模块与所述馈源切换模块相连接,所述切换控制模块用于通 过所述馈源切换模块,使能每个所述馈源进行信号质量检测, 并选择信号质量 最好的一个所述馈源作为工作馈源。
本发明实施例中第三方面提供的波束扫描方法, 包括:
切换控制模块指示馈源切换模块使能多馈源天线中的每个馈源,使得所述 馈源分别进行信号质量检测; 所述多馈源天线包括孔径单元以及至少两个馈 源; 所述馈源用于辐射电磁波信号; 所述馈源切换模块包括多路开关, 每个所 述馈源分别与所述馈源切换模块中的一路开关相连接;
所述切换控制模块获取所述每个馈源进行信号质量检测的结果; 所述切换控制模块根据所述信号质量检测的结果选择信号质量最好的一 个所述馈源作为工作馈源。
在第三方面的第一种可能实现的方法中,
所述至少两个馈源中包括一个第一馈源, 以及至少一个第二馈源; 所述第一馈源放置在所述孔径单元的焦点处,所述第一馈源发送的波束通 过所述孔径单元反射或折射后, 与所述孔径单元的轴线平行;
所述第二馈源放置在所述第一馈源的四周,所述第二馈源发送的波束通过 所述孔径单元反射或折射后, 与所述抛物面的轴线形成一个夹角。
结合第三方面的第一种可能实现的方法,在第二种可能实现的方法中, 所 述第二馈源的中心均勾的放置在垂直于所述孔径单元的轴线的一个圓上,且所 述圓的圓心位于所述孔径单元的轴线上,所述第二馈源在焦平面上的投影与焦 点的距离为 R,所述焦平面为垂直于所述孔径单元的轴线且所述焦点所在的平 面; 相邻的两个所述第二馈源之间的中心距为 d, 所述第二馈源的辐射口面 在同一平面上, 与所述第一馈源的辐射口面距离为 δ, 所述 δ大于或等于零。
结合第三方面的第二种可能实现的方法, 在第三种可能实现的方法中, 所述 R满足:
Figure imgf000010_0001
所述 d满足:
J <^ (R2 + 2)-2(R2 + 2)cos(^/2 + ^/2);
所述 F为所述孔径单元的焦距, 所述 D为所述孔径单元的直径, 所述 k 为小于等于 1的常数, 所述 为所述第二馈源的孔径辐射波束的波束角, 所述 Θ为所述第一馈源的孔径辐射波束的波束角。
结合第三方面的第一种可能实现的方法,在第四种可能实现的方法中, 所 述第二馈源包括有两组, 其中, 第一组第二馈源的中心均匀的放置在垂直于所 述孔径单元的轴线的第一圓上,且所述第一圓的圓心位于所述孔径单元的轴线 上,所述第一组第二馈源中任意一个第二馈源在焦平面上的投影与焦点的距离 为 , 在所述第一圓上相邻的两个第二馈源之间的中心距为 d 第一组第二 馈源的辐射口面与第一馈源的辐射口面距离为 第二组第二馈源的中心均匀 的放置在垂直于所述孔径单元的轴线的第二圓上,且所述第二圓的圓心位于所 述孔径单元的轴线上,所述第二组第二馈源中任意一个第二馈源在焦平面上的 投影与焦点的距离为 R2, 所述焦平面为垂直于所述孔径单元的轴线且所述焦 点所在的平面; 在所述第二圓上相邻的两个第二馈源之间的中心距为 d2,第一 组第二馈源的辐射口面与第一馈源的辐射口面距离为 δ2; 所述 δ^。δ2大于或 等于零。
结合第三方面 第五种可能实现的方法中, ;
Figure imgf000010_0002
所述 d2满足:
d2 ≤ ^2(R2 2 + 2)-2(R2 2 + 2)cos(^/2 + ^2/2);
所述 F为所述孔径单元的焦距, 所述 D为所述孔径单元的直径, 所述 k 为小于等于 1的常数,所述 A为所述第一组第二馈源的孔径辐射波束的波束角, 所述 为所述第二组第二馈源的孔径辐射波束的波束角,所述 Θ为所述第一馈 源辐射的孔径辐射波束的波束角。
结合第三方面的第一种可能实现的方法,在第六种可能实现的方法中, 所 述第二馈源包括有 n组, 其中, 第 n组第二馈源的中心均匀的放置在一个垂直 于所述孔径单元的轴线的第 n圓上,且所述第 n圓的圓心位于所述孔径单元的 轴线上,, 所述第 n组第二馈源中任意一个第二馈源在焦平面上的投影与焦点 的距离为 Rn, 在所述所述第 n圓上相邻的两个第二馈源之间的中心距为 dn, 所述第二馈源的辐射口面在同一平面上, 与所述第一馈源的辐射口面距离为 δη, 所述 δη大于或等于零。
结合第三方面的第六种可能实现的方法, 在第七种可能实现的方法中,
R ≤F x tanl Θ ;
Figure imgf000011_0001
所述 d满足:
dn < ^2(Rn 2 + F2 ) - 2(Rn 2 + 2 ) cos(^ / 2 + ^n / 2);
所述 F为所述孔径单元的焦距, 所述 D为所述孔径单元的直径, 所述 k 为小于等于 1的常数, 所述 为所述第二馈源的孔径辐射波束的波束角, 所述 Θ为所述第一馈源的孔径辐射波束的波束角。
在第三方面的第八种可能实现的方法中,所述至少两个馈源放置在所述孔 径单元的焦点周围,所述至少两个馈源中的任一馈源发送的波束通过所述孔径 单元反射或折射后, 与所述孔径单元的轴线形成一个夹角。
结合第三方面的第八种可能实现的方法,在第九种可能实现的方法中, 所 述至少两个馈源的中心均勾的放置在一个垂直于所述孔径单元的轴线的圓上, 且所述圓的圓心位于所述孔径单元的轴线上,所述馈源在焦平面上投影与焦点 的距离为 R, 所述焦平面为垂直于所述孔径单元的轴线且所述焦点所在的平 面; 相邻的两个所述馈源之间的中心距为 d, 所述馈源与所述焦点距离为 δ, 所述 δ大于或等于零。
结合第三方面的第九种可能实现的方法, 在第十种可能实现的方法中, 所述 R满足: Θ \ + k[D/(4F)]
R≤F xtan
2 l + [D/(4F)]
所述 d满足:
J <^ (R2 + 2)-2(R2 + 2)cos(^/2 + ^/2);
所述 F为所述孔径单元的焦距, 所述 D为所述孔径单元的直径, 所述 k 为小于等于 1的常数, 所述 为所述馈源的孔径辐射波束的波束角, 所述 Θ为 从所述焦点出辐射波束的波束角。
结合第三方面的第八种可能实现的方法, 在第十一种可能实现的方法中, 所述至少两个馈源包括有两组, 其中, 第一组馈源的中心均匀的放置在一个垂 直于所述孔径单元的轴线的第一圓上,且所述第一圓的圓心位于所述孔径单元 的轴线上,所述第一组馈源中的任意一个馈源在焦平面上的投影与焦点的距离 为 , 在所述第一圓上相邻的两个第二馈源之间的中心距为 d 所述第一组 馈源的辐射口面与所述焦点距离为 第二组馈源的中心均匀的放置在一个垂 直于所述孔径单元的轴线的第二圓上,且所述第二圓的圓心位于所述孔径单元 的轴线上,所述第二组馈源中的任意一个馈源在焦平面上的投影与焦点的距离 为 R2, 在所述第二圓上相邻的两个第二馈源之间的中心距为 d2; 所述第二组 馈源的辐射口面与所述焦点距离为 δ2, 所述 δ^。δ2大于或等于零。
结合第三方面的第十一种可能实现的方法, 在第十二种可能实现的方法 中, 所述 Rr满足:
Figure imgf000012_0001
所述 满足:
dl
Figure imgf000012_0002
所述 R2满足:
Figure imgf000012_0003
所述 d2满足:
d2≤ ^2(R2 2 + 2)-2(R2 2 + 2)cos(^/2 + ^2/2);
其中, 所述 F为孔径单元的焦距, 所述 D为孔径单元的直径, 所述 k为 小于等于 1的常数, 所述第一组馈源的孔径辐射波束的波束角为 , 所述第二 组馈源的孔径辐射波束的波束角为 φτ,所述 Θ为从所述焦点出辐射波束的波束 角。
结合第三方面的第八种可能实现的方法, 在第十三种可能实现的方法中, 所述至少两个馈源分为 η组馈源;第 η组馈源的中心均匀地放置在一个垂直于 所述孔径单元的轴线的第 η圓上,且所述第 η圓的圓心位于所述孔径单元的轴 线上, 其在焦平面上的投影与焦点的距离为 Rn, 在所述第 n圓上相邻的两个 所述馈源之间的中心距为 dn,所述馈源与所述焦点距离为 δη,所述 δ大于或等 于零。
结合第三方面的第十三种可能实现的方法, 在第十四种可能实现的方法 中,
Figure imgf000013_0001
所述 dn满足:
dn < ^2(Rn 2 + F2 ) - 2(Rn 2 + 2 ) cos(^ / 2 + ^n / 2);
所述 F为所述孔径单元的焦距, 所述 D为所述孔径单元的直径, 所述 k 为小于等于 1的常数, 所述 A为所述馈源的孔径辐射波束的波束角, 所述 Θ为 从所述焦点出辐射波束的波束角。
结合第三方面的以及第三方面的第一至十四种任意一种可能实现的方法, 在第十五种可能实现的方法中, 其特征在于, 所述根据所述信号质量检测的结 果选择信号质量最好的一个所述馈源作为工作馈源之后,还包括: 检测信号质 量最好的馈源是否发生改变, 若是, 重新选择一个信号质量最好的馈源作为工 作馈源。
结合第三方面的第十五种可能实现的方法, 在第十六种可能实现的方法 中, 所述检测信号质量最好的馈源是否发生改变, 具体包括:
每隔预置时长指示所述馈源切换模块对所述馈源进行遍历,使得每个被使 能的所述馈源分别进行信号质量检测,根据信号质量检测的结果确定信号质量 最好的馈源是否发生改变;
或者, 接收用户指令, 根据所述用户指令, 指示所述馈源切换模块对所述 馈源进行遍历,使得每个被使能的所述馈源分别进行信号质量检测,根据信号 质量检测的结果确定信号质量最好的馈源是否发生改变; 或者, 实时监测接收信号质量, 当检测到当前工作馈源的接收信号质量低 于预设的阔值时,指示所述馈源切换模块对所述馈源进行遍历,使得每个被使 能的所述馈源分别进行信号质量检测,根据信号质量检测的结果确定信号质量 最好的馈源是否发生改变。
结合第三方面的以及第三方面的第一至十六种任意一种可能实现的方法, 在第十七种可能实现的方法中, 所述信号质量包括:
信号的功率强度, 信号的信噪比 SNR, 或信号的均方误差 MSE中任意一 项或两项以上的组合。
从以上技术方案可以看出, 本发明实施例具有以下优点:
在本发明实施例中,在天线中放置了多个馈源, 其中每个馈源对应一个波 束指向, 还包括一个馈源切换模块, 用于控制馈源切换实现波束指向的切换; 切换控制模块可以通过所述馈源切换模块选择信号质量最好的馈源作为工作 馈源, 从而实现天线波束对准。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案,下面将对实施 例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地, 下面描述中的附图仅仅是 本发明的一些实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的 前提下, 还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图 1为本发明实施例中波束扫描天线的一个结构示意图;
图 2为本发明实施例中波束扫描天线的一个布局示意图;
图 3为本发明实施例中波束扫描天线的另一个布局示意图;
图 4为本发明实施例中波束扫描天线的另一个布局示意图;
图 5为本发明实施例中波束扫描天线的另一个布局示意图;
图 6为本发明实施例中波束扫描天线的另一个布局示意图;
图 7为本发明实施例中波束扫描天线的另一个布局示意图;
图 8为本发明实施例中波束扫描天线的另一个结构示意图;
图 9为本发明实施例中微波系统的一个结构示意图;
图 10为本发明实施例中波束对准方法的一个流程示意图;
图 11为本发明实施例中波束对准方法的另一个流程示意图。 具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清 楚、 完整地描述, 显然, 所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例, 而不是 全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例, 本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造 性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例, 都属于本发明保护的范围。
请参阅图 1, 本发明实施例中波束扫描天线的一个实施例包括: 多馈源天线 101, 馈源切换模块 102, 切换控制模块 103;
所述多馈源天线 101包括至少两个馈源和一个孔径单元; 其中, 所述馈源 用于辐射电磁波信号,所述孔径单元用于通过反射或折射的方式将电磁波信号 聚焦。 所述孔径单元可以为反射面或透镜。
示例性的, 所述至少两个馈源中包括, 一个第一馈源, 以及至少一个第二 馈源; 所述第一馈源可以放置在所述孔径单元的焦点处, 所述第一馈源发送的 波束通过所述孔径单元反射或折射后, 与所述孔径单元的轴线平行; 所述第二 馈源可以放置在所述第一馈源的四周,所述第二馈源发送的波束通过所述孔径 单元反射或折射后, 与所述孔径单元的轴线形成一个夹角。 具体的, 该夹角的 值与每个馈源与焦点的偏移距离和方位角有关;由于每个第二馈源都放置在焦 点周围的不同位置, 因此, 每个第二馈源的反射波束方向也会不一致, 从而各 个第二馈源与第一馈源一起形成一个较大的波束覆盖范围。
具体的, 如图 2所示的一种馈源排列方式, 其中, 图 2左侧为馈源排列示 意图, 图 2右侧为馈源的位置投影在焦平面的示意图, 所述焦平面为垂直于所 述孔径单元的轴线且所述焦点所在的平面; 所述馈源包括: 一个第一馈源和一 组第二馈源;所述第二馈源的中心均匀的放置在垂直于所述孔径单元的轴线的 一个圓上,且所述圓的圓心位于所述孔径单元的轴线上, 所述第二馈源在焦平 面上投影与焦点的距离为 R (如图 2左侧的示意图所示), 第一馈源置于焦点 处时, 孔径辐射波束的半功率角为 θ, 且对应的增益为 G dBi; 相邻的两个第 二馈源之间的中心距为 d, 第二馈源的辐射口面在同一平面上, 与第一馈源的 辐射口面距离为 δ ( δ≥0, 当 δ=0时, 第二馈源与第一馈源的辐射口面在同一 平面), 第二馈源对应的孔径辐射波束的波束角记为 , 为保证波束扫描时能 够实现半功率波束无缝覆盖, 需满足:
Figure imgf000016_0001
其中 F为孔径单元的焦距, D为孔径单元的直径, k为小于等于 1的常数。 此时无缝扫描范围最大可以覆盖 3Θ的角度。 而 δ的取值, 要使得第二馈源对 应的孔径辐射波束的主瓣方向增益大于 (G-3) dBi。
具体的, 如图 3所示的另一种馈源排列方式, 其中, 图 3左侧为馈源排列 示意图, 图 3右侧为馈源的位置投影在焦平面的示意图, 所述馈源包括: 一个 第一馈源和两组第二馈源, 其中, 第一组第二馈源的中心均勾的放置在一个垂 直于所述孔径单元的轴线的圓上, 且所述圓的圓心位于所述孔径单元的轴线 上, 其在焦平面上的投影与焦点的距离为 , 相邻的两个第二馈源之间的中 心距为(^, 第一组第二馈源对应的孔径辐射波束的波束角为^ 第二组第二馈 源的中心均勾的放置在另一个垂直于所述孔径单元的轴线的圓上,且所述圓的 圓心位于所述孔径单元的轴线上, 其在焦平面上的投影与焦点的距离为 R2, 相邻的两个第二馈源之间的中心距为 d2,第二组第二馈源对应的孔径辐射波束 的波束角为 ; 第一组第二馈源的辐射口面与第一馈源的辐射口面距离为 Si ( 5j>0 ),第二组第二馈源的辐射口面与第一馈源的辐射口面距离为 δ22≥0)。 第一馈源置于焦点处时, 孔径辐射波束的半功率角为 θ, 且对应的增益为 G dBi。 为保证波束扫描时能够实现半功率波束无缝覆盖, 需满足:
Figure imgf000016_0002
d2 <^2(R2 2 +F2)-2(R2 2 + 2)cos(^/2 + ^2/2)
其中 F为孔径单元的焦距, D为孔径单元的直径, k为小于等于 1的常数。 此时无缝扫描范围最大可以覆盖 5Θ的角度。 而 δ^。δ2的取值, 要分别使得第 一、 二组第二馈源对应的孔径辐射波束的主瓣方向增益大于 (G-3) dBi。
进一步的, 在实际应用中, 可以放置 n组第二馈源, 此时无缝扫描范围最 大可以覆盖 (2n+l ) Θ的角度。
具体的, 如图 4所示的另一种馈源排列方式, 其中, 图 4左侧为馈源的位 置投影在焦平面的示意图,图 4右侧为馈源的位置投影在与所述焦平面垂直的 平面的示意图, 所述馈源包括: 一个第一馈源和 η组第二馈源, 其中第 η组第 二馈源的中心均勾地放置在一个垂直于所述孔径单元的轴线的圓上,且所述圓 的圓心位于所述孔径单元的轴线上, 其在焦平面上的投影与焦点的距离为 Rn, 相邻的两个第二馈源之间的中心距为 dn, 对应的孔径辐射波束的波束角为^, 辐射口面与第一馈源的辐射口面距离为 δη ( δη≥0 )。 为保证波束扫描时能够实 现半功率波束无缝覆盖,
Figure imgf000017_0001
dn < l2(Rn 2 + F 2 ) - 2(Rn 2 + 2 ) cos(^ / 2 + ^n / 2) 而 δη的取值, 要使得第 η组第二馈源对应的孔径辐射波束的主瓣方向增 益大于 (G-3 ) dBi。
在实际应用中,馈源作为高增益天线的初级辐射器, 并经孔径单元反射或 折射实现电磁波的聚焦, 实现天线的高增益。 在具体实施方式中, 若孔径单元 为反射面, 则可以仅用一个主反射面, 此时, 第一馈源应位于主反射面的焦点 用一个副反射面和一个主反射面的方式,此时考虑所述至少两个馈源在副反射 面的对称面上形成多个虚拟焦点,所述多个虚拟焦点的排列应符合上述排列方 式以实现无缝扫描。若孔径单元为透镜,此时,第一馈源应位于透镜的焦点处, 示例性的, 所述至少两个馈源还可以放置在所述孔径单元的焦点周围, 所 述至少两个馈源中的任一馈源发送的波束通过所述孔径单元反射或折射后,与 所述孔径单元的轴线形成一个夹角。具体的, 该夹角的值与每个馈源与焦点的 偏移距离和方位角有关; 由于每个馈源都放置在焦点周围的不同位置, 因此, 每个馈源的反射波束方向也会不一致, 从而形成一个较大的波束覆盖范围。
如图 5所示的另一种馈源排列方式,所述多馈源天线 101包括至少两个馈 源;所述至少两个馈源的中心均匀的放置在一个垂直于所述孔径单元的轴线的 圓上, 且所述圓的圓心位于所述孔径单元的轴线上。 其中, 图 5左侧为馈源排 列的示意图, 图 5右侧为馈源的位置投影在焦平面的示意图, 所述焦平面为垂 直于所述孔径单元的轴线且所述焦点所在的平面,馈源在焦平面上投影与焦点 的距离为1。 相邻的两个馈源之间的中心距为 d, 所述馈源的辐射口面与所述 焦点距离为 δ ( δ≥0, 当 δ=0时, 所述馈源的辐射口面在焦平面上), 馈源对应 的孔径辐射波束的波束角记为 。 假设将馈源置于焦点处时, 孔径辐射波束的 半功率角为 θ, 且对应的增益为 G dBi; 为保证波束扫描时能够实现半功率波 束无缝覆盖, 需满足:
Figure imgf000018_0001
J < 2(R2 + 2) - 2(R2 + 2 ) cos(^/2 + ^/2);
其中 F为孔径单元的焦距, D为孔径单元的直径, k为小于等于 1的常数。 此时无缝扫描范围最大可以覆盖 2Θ的角度。 而 δ的取值, 要使得馈源对应的 孔径辐射波束的主瓣方向增益大于 (G-3 ) dBi。
具体的, 如图 6所示的另一种馈源排列方式, 其中, 图 6左侧为馈源的位 置投影在焦平面的示意图,图 6右侧为馈源的位置投影在与所述焦平面垂直的 平面的示意图, 所述馈源包括: 两组馈源, 其中, 第一组馈源的中心均匀的放 置在一个垂直于所述孔径单元的轴线的圓上,且所述圓的圓心位于所述孔径单 元的轴线上, 其在焦平面上的投影与焦点的距离为 , 相邻的两个馈源之间 的中心距为 d 第一组馈源的孔径辐射波束的波束角为^ 第二组馈源的中心 均匀的放置在一个垂直于所述孔径单元的轴线的圓上,且所述圓的圓心位于所 述孔径单元的轴线上, 其在焦平面上的投影与焦点的距离为 R2, 相邻的两个 馈源之间的中心距为 d2, 第二组馈源的孔径辐射波束的波束角为 第一组馈 源的辐射口面与所述焦点距离为 δΛ δ^ο ), 第二组馈源的辐射口面与所述焦 点距离为 δ2 ( δ2≥0 )。 假设将馈源置于焦点处时, 孔径辐射波束的半功率角为 Θ, 且对应的增益为 G dBi; 为保证波束扫描时能够实现半功率波束无缝覆盖, 需满足:
Figure imgf000018_0002
Figure imgf000019_0001
其中 F为孔径单元的焦距, D为孔径单元的直径, k为小于等于 1的常数。 此时无缝扫描范围最大可以覆盖 4Θ的角度。 而 δ^。δ2的取值, 要分别使得第 一和二组馈源对应的孔径辐射波束的主瓣方向增益大于 (G-3) dBi。
进一步的, 在实际应用中, 可以放置 n组馈源, 此时无缝扫描范围最大可 以覆盖 2η*θ的角度。
具体的, 如图 7所示的另一种馈源排列方式, 其中, 图 7左侧为馈源的位 置投影在焦平面的示意图,图 7右侧为馈源的位置投影在与所述焦平面垂直的 平面的示意图, 所述馈源包括: η组馈源, 其中第 η组馈源的中心均匀地放 置在一个垂直于所述孔径单元的轴线的圓上,且所述圓的圓心位于所述孔径单 元的轴线上, 其在焦平面上的投影与焦点的距离为 Rn, 相邻的两个馈源之间 的中心距为 dn,对应的孔径辐射波束的波束角为 , 所述馈源的辐射口面与所 述焦点距离为 δηη≥0)。 假设将馈源置于焦点处时, 孔径辐射波束的半功率 角为 θ, 且对应的增益为 G dBi; 为保证波束扫描时能够实现半功率波束无缝 覆盖, 需满足:
Figure imgf000019_0002
dn < ^2{Rn 2 +F2)-2(Rn 2 + 2)cos(^/2 + ^„/2) 而 511的取值, 要使得第 n组馈源对应的孔径辐射波束的主瓣方向增益大于 (G-3) dBi。 可以理解的是, 上述对馈源的位置描述仅是示例性的, 在实际应用中, 馈 源的位置还可能有其它的放置方式, 此处具体不作限定。
可以理解的是, 上述对馈源的描述仅是示例性的,假定了同一组馈源的辐 射增益是相同的, 在实际应用中, 由于馈源之间的个体差异, 又或者基于特殊 设计的考虑, 同一组馈源的辐射增益不会完全相同, 可以取其中最小的辐射波 束角作为计算基准。
所述馈源切换模块 102包括多路开关,每个所述馈源分别与馈源切换模块 102中的一路开关相连接。
示例性的, 所述馈源切换模块中可以为射频开关, 或巴特勒 (Butler )矩 阵开关; 其中, 所述射频开关每次只能选择一路馈源; 而所述 Butler矩阵开关 则可以一次选择一路或多路馈源。在实际应用中, 若使用 Butler矩阵开关一次 选择多路馈源, 则可以同时使用所述多路馈源进行信号的发送和接收。
所述切换控制模块 103, 用于通过所述馈源切换模块 102, 使能每个所述 馈源进行信号质量检测, 并选择信号质量最好的一个所述馈源作为工作馈源, 即馈源切换模块 102 将在后续的一段时间内一直导通信号质量最好的馈源的 一路开关。可以理解的是, 所述工作馈源指的是在某个时间段上波束扫描天线 中进行实际工作的馈源, 并不是将一个馈源永远固定作为收发固定工作的馈 源。
在实际应用中, 为了确保能够选择到最优的馈源配置, 切换控制模块 103 中设置的控制逻辑需要保证在馈源选择过程中所有的馈源或馈源组合都能够 被遍历到。
具体的, 所述切换控制模块 103可以进一步包括波束对准模块 1031, 用 于通过对所述馈源切换模块进行切换控制,并选择信号质量最好的一个所述馈 源作为工作馈源。 在实际应用中, 所述波束对准模块 1031为一种控制模块, 其中可以设置对馈源切换模块的控制逻辑, 以及选择馈源的逻辑; 示例性的, 波束对准模块 1031可以为一种数字信号处理(DSP, digital signal processor ) 或中央处理器( CPU, Central Processing Unit )模块。
示例性的, 当通过馈源切换模块 102选择其中一个馈源为工作馈源时,接 收另一微波系统发送的信号, 然后对该接收信号进行信号质量检测。 具体的, 所述信号质量包括: 接收信号强度, 接收信号的信噪比(SNR, Signal to Noise Ratio ), 或接收信号的均方误差 (MSE, Mean Square Error ) 中任意一项或两 项以上的组合。 若检测的是接收信号强度, 如接收电平或接收功率, 则通过检 测接收链路某个点上的信号来获得。 若检测的是 SNR或 MSE, 则可以通过基 带的解调模块获得。 在本发明实施例中, 放置了多个馈源, 并且, 每个所述馈源分别与馈源切 换模块中的一路开关相连接; 切换控制模块可以通过所述馈源切换模块,遍历 每个所述馈源进行信号质量检测,并选择信号质量最好的一个所述馈源作为工 作馈源, 从而避免了人工转动天线进行调试和对准。
在实际应用中, 微波系统的中天线会放置在室外, 因此, 在某些强风的天 气下, 天线会发生晃动, 以致于容易造成链路中断; 本发明实施例提供了相应 的解决方案,请参阅图 8,本发明实施例中波束扫描天线的另一个实施例包括: 多馈源天线 101, 馈源切换模块 102, 切换控制模块 103,
其中, 多馈源天线 101, 馈源切换模块 102和切换控制模块 103之间的连 接关系可以参阅上述图 1实施例, 此处不作赘述。
进一步的, 所述切换控制模块 103还可以包括: 波束对准模块 1031以及 波束跟踪模块 1032;
其中, 所述波束对准模块 1031用于通过预置的控制逻辑对所述馈源切换 模块进行切换控制, 并根据选择信号质量最好的一个所述馈源作为工作馈源。
所述波束跟踪模块 1032用于检测信号质量最好的馈源是否发生改变, 若 是, 通知所述波束对准模块 1031选择信号质量最好的一个所述馈源作为工作 馈源。
具体的, 所述波束跟踪模块 1032指示所述馈源切换模块 102对所述多个 馈源进行遍历, 并在遍历过程中对每个馈源使能时进行信号质量检测,根据信 号质量检测的结果确定信号质量最好的馈源是否发生改变。
具体的, 所述遍历指的是逐个对所述馈源进行使能, 当一个馈源完成信号 质量检测之后, 切换至另一个馈源进行信号质量检测。
具体的, 由于馈源切换需要一定时间, 因此, 馈源与馈源之间切换的过程 需要在业务数据处理的间隙时间段内进行, 或者,在馈源与馈源之间切换时对 业务数据进行緩存, 以避免影响业务数据的传输。
具体的, 为避免两端的波束扫描天线同时扫描无法锁定, 当本端波束扫描 天线的波束跟踪模块 1032启动馈源遍历时, 可以向对端波束扫描天线发送第 一通知消息, 通告对端"本端当前处于扫描状态", 当对端接收到该第一通知消 息时, 对端的波束跟踪模块则锁定扫描, 即保持工作馈源不变。 当本端波束跟 踪模块 1032结束馈源遍历时, 也可以通知对端"当前不处于扫描状态", 当对 端接收到该信息时,对端波束跟踪模块则解除扫描锁定, 即可根据情况启动跟 踪馈源遍历。 结束馈源遍历的通知机制可以是本端发送第二通知消息给对端, 也可以是本端停止发送第一通知消息,对端在预设时间内没有收到第一通知消 息即认为"当前不处于扫描状态"。
可选的, 在实际应用中, 可以在波束跟踪模块 1032设置一个固定周期, 每隔预置时长指示所述馈源切换模块对所述馈源进行遍历,使得每个被使能的 所述馈源分别进行信号质量检测,根据信号质量检测的结果确定信号质量最好 的馈源是否发生改变。
进一步的,也可以根据接收信号质量劣化来确定是否需要进行信号质量的 检测, 波束跟踪模块 1032实时监测接收信号质量, 当检测到当前工作馈源的 接收信号质量低于某一预设的阔值时,对所述馈源进行遍历,使得每个被使能 的所述馈源分别进行信号质量检测,根据信号质量检测的结果确定信号质量最 好的馈源是否发生改变。
进一步的,还可以由用户发起信号质量的检测的流程, 用户可以向波束跟 踪模块 1032发送用户指令, 指示所述馈源切换模块对所述馈源进行遍历, 使 得每个被使能的所述馈源分别进行信号质量检测,根据信号质量检测的结果确 定信号质量最好的馈源是否发生改变。
本发明实施例还提供了一种包括有上述波束扫描天线的微波系统,请参阅 图 9, 本发明实施例中微波系统的一个实施例包括:
基带处理模块 20, 中射频收发模块 30和波束扫描天线 10;
所述基带处理模块 20与所述中射频收发模块 30连接,所述基带处理模块 20 用于对发送和接收的信号分别进行调制和解调, 并根据所述发送和接收的 信号实现业务处理。
所述中射频收发模块 30用于实现接收与发送的信号分离; 具体的, 所述 中射频收发模块 30包括: 发送链路 Tx、 接收链路 Rx。
所述波束扫描天线 10与所述中射频收发模块 40相连,所述波束扫描天线 包括: 多馈源天线 101, 馈源切换模块 102, 切换控制模块 103;
所述多馈源天线 101包括至少两个馈源、 和一个孔径单元; 其中, 所述孔 径单元用于通过反射或折射的方式将电磁波信号聚焦。所述孔径单元可以为反 射面或透镜。
所述馈源切换模块 102包括多路开关,每个所述馈源分别与馈源切换模块 102中的一路开关相连接。
所述切换控制模块 103用于通过所述馈源切换模块 102, 使能每个所述馈 源进行信号质量检测, 并选择信号质量最好的一个所述馈源作为工作馈源。 即 馈源切换模块 102 将在后续的一段时间内一直导通信号质量最好的馈源的一 路开关。
可以理解的是,所述工作馈源指的是在某个时间段上波束扫描天线中进行 实际工作的馈源, 并不是将一个馈源永远固定作为收发固定工作的馈源。
在实际应用中, 为了确保能够选上最优的馈源,切换控制模块 103中设置 的控制逻辑需要保证所有的馈源都至少被使能一遍。
下面对波束对准方法进行描述, 请参阅图 10, 本发明实施例中波束对准 方法的一个实施例包括:
1001、 切换控制模块指示馈源切换模块使能多馈源天线中的每个馈源; 切换控制模块指示馈源切换模块使能多馈源天线中的每个馈源,使得所述 馈源分别进行信号质量检测; 所述多馈源天线包括孔径单元, 以及至少两个馈 源, 所述馈源用于辐射电磁波信号, 所述孔径单元用于通过反射或折射的方式 将电磁波信号聚焦。 示例性的, 所述孔径单元可以为反射面或透镜。
所述馈源切换模块包括包括多路开关,每个所述馈源分别与馈源切换模块 中的一路开关相连接。
在本发明实施例中,馈源之间的位置关系请参阅上述装置实施例此处不再 赘述。
示例性的, 所述馈源切换模块可以为射频开关, 或巴特勒 (Butler )矩阵 开关; 其中, 所述射频开关每次只能选择一路馈源; 而所述 Butler矩阵开关则 可以一次选择一路或多路馈源。在实际应用中, 若使用 Butler矩阵开关一次选 择多路馈源, 则可以同时使用所述多路馈源进行信号的发送和接收。
1002、 切换控制模块获取所述每个馈源进行信号质量检测的结果; 示例性的, 当一路馈源的开关被导通时,接收另一端的波束扫描天线发送 的信号, 然后对该信号进行信号质量检测。在完成信号质量检测后所述馈源会 将信号质量检测的结果发送给所述切换控制模块。
具体的, 所述信号质量包括: 接收信号强度, 接收信号的信噪比 (SNR, Signal to Noise Ratio ), 或接收信号的均方误差( MSE, Mean Square Error ) 中 任意一项或两项以上的组合。若检测的是接收信号强度, 如接收电平或接收功 率, 则通过检测接收链路某个点上的信号来获得。 若检测的是 SNR或 MSE, 则可以通过基带的解调模块获得。
1003、切换控制模块根据所述信号质量检测的结果选择信号质量最好的一 个所述馈源作为工作馈源。
可以理解的是,所述工作馈源指的是在某个时间段上波束扫描天线中进行 实际工作的馈源, 并不是将一个馈源永远固定作为固定工作的馈源。
在实际应用中, 为了确保能够选择到选上最优的馈源配置, 切换控制模块 中设置的控制逻辑需要保证在馈源选择过程中所有的馈源或馈源组合都能够 至少被遍历到使能一遍。
可选的, 确定信号质量最好的馈源时, 可以仅根据信号的功率强度, 信号 的 SNR或信号的 MSE任意一项参数来确定, 即选择功率强度最高的, 或选择 SNR最高的, 或 MSE最小的; 也可以综合信号的功率强度, 信号的 SNR以 及信号的 MSE任意两个以上的条件, 并结合相应的权重, 选择最信号质量最 好的馈源。 具体的实现方式可以根据实际需求而定, 此处不作限定。
在本发明实施例中, 放置了多个馈源, 并且, 每个所述馈源分别与馈源切 换模块中的一路开关相连接; 切换控制模块可以通过所述馈源切换模块,使能 每个所述馈源进行信号质量检测,并选择信号质量最好的一个所述馈源作为工 作馈源, 从而避免了对天线进行人工调试和对准。
进一步的, 在实际应用中, 由于微波系统的中天线会放置在室外, 因此, 在某些强风的天气下, 天线会发生晃动, 以致于容易造成链路中断; 本发明实 施例提供了相应的解决方案, 请参阅图 11, 本发明实施例中波束扫描天线的 另一个实施例包括:
1101、 切换控制模块指示所述馈源切换模块对所述馈源进行遍历; 切换控制模块指示所述馈源切换模块对所述馈源进行遍历,使得每个被使 能的所述馈源分别进行信号质量检测;
在本发明实施例中,馈源之间的位置关系请参阅上述装置实施例此处不再 赘述。
具体的, 切换控制模块还可以包括: 波束对准模块以及波束跟踪模块; 其 中,所述波束对准模块用于通过预置的控制逻辑对所述馈源切换模块进行切换 控制, 并根据选择信号质量最好的一个所述馈源作为工作馈源。 所述波束跟踪 模块用于检测信号质量最好的馈源是否发生改变, 若是, 通知所述波束对准模 块选择信号质量最好的一个所述馈源作为工作馈源。具体的, 由于馈源切换需 要一定时间, 因此,馈源与馈源之间切换的过程需要在业务数据处理的间隙时 间段内进行, 或者, 在馈源与馈源之间切换时对业务数据进行緩存, 以避免影 响业务数据的传输。
具体的, 为避免两端的波束扫描天线同时扫描无法锁定, 当本端波束扫描 天线的波束跟踪模块启动馈源遍历时,可以向对端波束扫描天线发送第一通知 消息, 通告对端"当前处于扫描状态", 当对端接收到该第一通知消息时, 对端 的波束跟踪模块则锁定扫描, 即保持工作馈源不变。 当本端波束跟踪模块结束 馈源遍历时, 也可以通知对端"本端当前不处于扫描状态", 当对端接收到该信 息时, 对端波束跟踪模块则解除扫描锁定, 即可根据情况启动跟踪馈源遍历。 结束馈源遍历的通知机制可以是本端发送第二通知消息给对端,也可以是本端 停止发送第一通知消息, 对端在预设时间内没有收到第一通知消息即认为 "当 前不处于扫描状态"。
可选的, 在实际应用中, 触发切换控制模块再次进行对各个馈源进行信号 质量检测的方式有多种, 包括:
一、 定期发起;
用户可以设置一个固定时长,并设定所述波束跟踪模块每隔预置时长指示 所述馈源切换模块对所述馈源进行遍历。
二、 根据指令发起;
由用户发起信号检测的流程, 用户可以向波束跟踪模块发送用户指令, 指 示所述馈源切换模块对所述馈源进行遍历。具体的, 所述用户指令可以通过遥 控、设定程序或预设按钮发送, 具体的实现形式可以根据实际需求而定, 此处 不作限定。
三、 根据接收信号质量发起;
波束跟踪模块实时监测接收信号质量,当检测到当前工作馈源的接收信号 质量低于某一预设的阔值时对所述馈源进行遍历,使得每个被使能的所述馈源 分别进行信号质量检测。
1102, 切换控制模块获取所述每个馈源进行信号质量检测的结果; 示例性的, 当一路馈源的开关被导通时,接收另一端的波束扫描天线发送 的信号, 然后对该信号进行信号质量检测。在完成信号质量检测后所述馈源会 将信号质量检测的结果发送给所述切换控制模块。
1103、 切换控制模块选择信号质量最好的一个所述馈源作为工作馈源。 在一个遍历周期内,切换控制模块选择信号质量最好的一个所述馈源作为 工作馈源。可以理解的是, 所述工作馈源指的是在某个时间段上波束扫描天线 中进行实际工作的馈源, 并不是将一个馈源永远固定作为收发固定工作的馈 源。
具体的, 各个馈源依次都使能一遍的时间段为一个遍历周期。
在本发明实施例中, 工作馈源根据实际情况进行调整, 即使微波系统中的 天线因晃动使得馈源发生了偏移,切换控制模块依然可以自动重新选择一个信 号质量最好的馈源作为工作馈源,使得微波链路的信号收发质量不会受到太大 的影响。
以上所述,仅为本发明的具体实施方式,但本发明的保护范围并不局限于 此,任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内, 可轻易想到 变化或替换, 都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。 因此, 本发明的保护范围应 所述以权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1、 一种波束扫描天线, 其特征在于, 包括:
多馈源天线, 馈源切换模块, 切换控制模块;
所述多馈源天线包括孔径单元以及至少两个馈源,所述馈源用于辐射电磁 波信号; 所述孔径单元用于通过反射或折射的方式将电磁波信号聚焦;
所述馈源切换模块包括有多路开关,每个所述馈源分别与一路所述开关相 连接;
所述切换控制模块与所述馈源切换模块相连接,所述切换控制模块用于通 过所述馈源切换模块,使能每个所述馈源进行信号质量检测, 并选择信号质量 最好的一个所述馈源作为工作馈源。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的波束扫描天线, 其特征在于, 所述切换控制模 块, 还包括:
波束跟踪模块, 用于检测信号质量最好的馈源是否发生改变, 若是, 通知 所述波束对准模块选择信号质量最好的一个所述馈源作为工作馈源。
3、 根据权利要求 2所述的波束扫描天线, 其特征在于, 所述波束跟踪模 块具体用于: 每隔预置时长指示所述馈源切换模块对所述馈源进行遍历,使得 每个被使能的所述馈源分别进行信号质量检测,根据信号质量检测的结果确定 信号质量最好的馈源是否发生改变;
或者, 接收用户指令, 根据所述用户指令, 指示所述馈源切换模块对所述 馈源进行遍历,使得每个被使能的所述馈源分别进行信号质量检测,根据信号 质量检测的结果确定信号质量最好的馈源是否发生改变;
或者, 实时监测接收信号质量, 当检测到当前工作馈源的接收信号质量低 于预设的阔值时,指示所述馈源切换模块对所述馈源进行遍历,使得每个被使 能的所述馈源分别进行信号质量检测,根据信号质量检测的结果确定信号质量 最好的馈源是否发生改变。
4、 根据权利要求 1所述的波束扫描天线, 其特征在于,
所述至少两个馈源中包括一个第一馈源, 以及至少一个第二馈源; 所述第一馈源放置在所述孔径单元的焦点处,所述第一馈源发送的波束通 过所述孔径单元反射或折射后, 与所述孔径单元的轴线平行; 所述第二馈源放置在所述第一馈源的四周,所述第二馈源发送的波束通过 所述孔径单元反射或折射后, 与所述抛物面的轴线形成一个夹角。
5、 根据权利要求 4所述的波束扫描天线, 其特征在于, 所述第二馈源的 中心均匀的放置在垂直于所述孔径单元的轴线的一个圓上,且所述圓的圓心位 于所述孔径单元的轴线上, 所述第二馈源在焦平面上的投影与焦点的距离为 , 所述焦平面为垂直于所述孔径单元的轴线且所述焦点所在的平面; 相邻 的两个所述第二馈源之间的中心距为 d, 所述第二馈源的辐射口面在同一平面 上, 与所述第一馈源的辐射口面距离为 δ, 所述 δ大于或等于零。
6、 根据权利要求 5所述的波束扫描天线, 其特征在于,
Figure imgf000028_0001
所述 d满足:
d≤ ^2{R2 + F2 ) - 2{R2 + F2 ) co^{912 + φ 12);
所述 F为所述孔径单元的焦距, 所述 D为所述孔径单元的直径, 所述 k 为小于等于 1的常数, 所述 为所述第二馈源的孔径辐射波束的波束角, 所述 Θ为所述第一馈源的孔径辐射波束的波束角。
7、 根据权利要求 4所述的波束扫描天线, 其特征在于, 所述第二馈源包 括有两组, 其中, 第一组第二馈源的中心均勾的放置在垂直于所述孔径单元的 轴线的第一圓上,且所述第一圓的圓心位于所述孔径单元的轴线上, 所述第一 组第二馈源中任意一个第二馈源在焦平面上的投影与焦点的距离为 , 在所 述第一圓上相邻的两个第二馈源之间的中心距为 ^,第一组第二馈源的辐射口 面与第一馈源的辐射口面距离为 ;第二组第二馈源的中心均匀的放置在垂直 于所述孔径单元的轴线的第二圓上,且所述第二圓的圓心位于所述孔径单元的 轴线上,所述第二组第二馈源中任意一个第二馈源在焦平面上的投影与焦点的 距离为 R2, 所述焦平面为垂直于所述孔径单元的轴线且所述焦点所在的平面; 在所述第二圓上相邻的两个第二馈源之间的中心距为 d2,第一组第二馈源的辐 射口面与第一馈源的辐射口面距离为 δ2; 所述 δ^。δ2大于或等于零。
8、 根据权利要求 7所述的波束扫描天线, 其特征在于,
Figure imgf000029_0001
所述 d2满足:
d2≤^2{R2 2 + 2)-2(R2 2 + 2)cos(^/2 + ^2/2);
所述 F为所述孔径单元的焦距, 所述 D为所述孔径单元的直径, 所述 k 为小于等于 1的常数,所述 A为所述第一组第二馈源的孔径辐射波束的波束角, 所述 为所述第二组第二馈源的孔径辐射波束的波束角,所述 Θ为所述第一馈 源辐射的孔径辐射波束的波束角。
9、 根据权利要求 4所述的波束扫描天线, 其特征在于, 所述第二馈源包 括有 n组, 其中, 第 n组第二馈源的中心均匀的放置在一个垂直于所述孔径单 元的轴线的第 n圓上, 且所述第 n圓的圓心位于所述孔径单元的轴线上,, 所 述第 n组第二馈源中任意一个第二馈源在焦平面上的投影与焦点的距离为 Rn, 在所述所述第 n圓上相邻的两个第二馈源之间的中心距为 dn,所述第二馈源的 辐射口面在同一平面上, 与所述第一馈源的辐射口面距离为 δη, 所述 δη大于 或等于零。
束扫描天线, 其特征在于所述 Rn满足:
Figure imgf000029_0002
所述 d满足:
dn <yl2(Rn 2 +F2)-2(Rn 2 + 2)cos(^/2 + ^n/2);
所述 F为所述孔径单元的焦距, 所述 D为所述孔径单元的直径, 所述 k 为小于等于 1的常数, 所述 为所述第二馈源的孔径辐射波束的波束角, 所述 Θ为所述第一馈源的孔径辐射波束的波束角。
11、 根据权利要求 1所述的波束扫描天线, 其特征在于, 所述至少两个馈 源放置在所述孔径单元的焦点周围,所述至少两个馈源中的任一馈源发送的波 束通过所述孔径单元反射或折射后, 与所述孔径单元的轴线形成一个夹角。
12、 根据权利要求 11所述的波束扫描天线, 其特征在于, 所述至少两个 馈源的中心均勾的放置在一个垂直于所述孔径单元的轴线的圓上,且所述圓的 圓心位于所述孔径单元的轴线上, 所述馈源在焦平面上投影与焦点的距离为 , 所述焦平面为垂直于所述孔径单元的轴线且所述焦点所在的平面; 相邻的 两个所述馈源之间的中心距为 d, 所述馈源与所述焦点距离为 δ, 所述 δ大于 或等于零。
13、 根据权利要求 12所述的波束扫描天线, 其特征在于,
Figure imgf000030_0001
所述 d满足:
J < ^ (R2 + 2 ) - 2(R2 + 2 ) cos(^ / 2 + ^ / 2);
所述 F为所述孔径单元的焦距, 所述 D为所述孔径单元的直径, 所述 k 为小于等于 1的常数, 所述 为所述馈源的孔径辐射波束的波束角, 所述 Θ为 从所述焦点出辐射波束的波束角。
14、 根据权利要求 11所述的波束扫描天线, 其特征在于, 所述至少两个 馈源包括有两组, 其中, 第一组馈源的中心均匀的放置在一个垂直于所述孔径 单元的轴线的第一圓上,且所述第一圓的圓心位于所述孔径单元的轴线上, 所 述第一组馈源中的任意一个馈源在焦平面上的投影与焦点的距离为 , 在所 述第一圓上相邻的两个第二馈源之间的中心距为 ^,所述第一组馈源的辐射口 面与所述焦点距离为 第二组馈源的中心均匀的放置在一个垂直于所述孔径 单元的轴线的第二圓上,且所述第二圓的圓心位于所述孔径单元的轴线上, 所 述第二组馈源中的任意一个馈源在焦平面上的投影与焦点的距离为 R2, 在所 述第二圓上相邻的两个第二馈源之间的中心距为 d2;所述第二组馈源的辐射口 面与所述焦点距离为 δ2, 所述 和52大于或等于零。
15、 根据权利要求 14所述的波束扫描天线, 其特征在于,
所述 Rr满足:
Figure imgf000031_0001
所述 满足:
dx≤^2(RX 2 +F2)-2(R +Ρ2)οο^φΐ2 + φχΙ2);
Figure imgf000031_0002
所述 d2满足:
d2≤ -^2{R2 2 + 2)-2(R2 2 + 2)cos(^/2 + ^2/2);
其中, 所述 F为孔径单元的焦距, 所述 D为孔径单元的直径, 所述 k为 小于等于 1的常数, 所述第一组馈源的孔径辐射波束的波束角为 , 所述第二 组馈源的孔径辐射波束的波束角为 φτ,所述 Θ为从所述焦点出辐射波束的波束
16、 根据权利要求 11所述的波束扫描天线, 其特征在于, 所述至少两个 馈源分为 η组馈源;第 η组馈源的中心均勾地放置在一个垂直于所述孔径单元 的轴线的第 η圓上,且所述第 η圓的圓心位于所述孔径单元的轴线上, 其在焦 平面上的投影与焦点的距离为 Rn, 在所述第 n圓上相邻的两个所述馈源之间 的中心距为 dn, 所述馈源与所述焦点距离为 δη, 所述 δ大于或等于零。
17、 根据权利要求 16所述的波束扫描天线, 其特征在于,
Figure imgf000031_0003
所述 dn满足:
dn <^2{Rn l +Fl)-2{Rn l + )cos(^/2 + ^n/2);
所述 F为所述孔径单元的焦距, 所述 D为所述孔径单元的直径, 所述 k 为小于等于 1的常数, 所述 为所述馈源的孔径辐射波束的波束角, 所述 Θ为 从所述焦点出辐射波束的波束角。
18、 根据权利要求 1至 17任意一项所述的波束扫描天线, 其特征在于, 所述馈源切换模块为射频开关, 或巴特勒 Butler矩阵开关。
19、 根据权利要求 1至 18任意一项所述的波束扫描天线, 其特征在于, 所述信号质量包括:
信号的功率强度, 信号的信噪比 SNR, 或信号的均方误差 MSE中任意一 项或两项以上的组合。
20、 一种微波系统, 其特征在于, 包括:
基带处理模块, 中射频收发模块和波束扫描天线;
所述基带处理模块与所述中射频收发模块连接,所述基带处理模块用于对 发送和接收的信号分别进行调制和解调,并根据所述发送和接收的信号实现业 务处理;
所述中射频收发模块用于实现接收与发送的信号分离;
所述波束扫描天线与所述中射频收发模块相连, 所述波束扫描天线包括: 多馈源天线, 馈源切换模块, 切换控制模块;
所述多馈源天线包括孔径单元以及至少两个馈源,所述馈源用于辐射电磁 波信号; 所述孔径单元用于通过反射或折射的方式将电磁波信号聚焦;
所述馈源切换模块包括有多路开关,每个所述馈源分别与一路所述开关相 连接;
所述切换控制模块与所述馈源切换模块相连接,所述切换控制模块用于通 过所述馈源切换模块,使能每个所述馈源进行信号质量检测, 并选择信号质量 最好的一个所述馈源作为工作馈源。
21、 一种波束对准方法, 其特征在于, 包括:
切换控制模块指示馈源切换模块使能多馈源天线中的每个馈源,使得所述 馈源分别进行信号质量检测; 所述多馈源天线包括孔径单元以及至少两个馈 源; 所述馈源用于辐射电磁波信号; 所述馈源切换模块包括多路开关, 每个所 述馈源分别与所述馈源切换模块中的一路开关相连接;
所述切换控制模块获取所述每个馈源进行信号质量检测的结果; 所述切换控制模块根据所述信号质量检测的结果选择信号质量最好的一 个所述馈源作为工作馈源。
22、 根据权利要求 21所述的方法, 其特征在于,
所述至少两个馈源中包括一个第一馈源, 以及至少一个第二馈源; 所述第一馈源放置在所述孔径单元的焦点处,所述第一馈源发送的波束通 过所述孔径单元反射或折射后, 与所述孔径单元的轴线平行;
所述第二馈源放置在所述第一馈源的四周,所述第二馈源发送的波束通过 所述孔径单元反射或折射后, 与所述抛物面的轴线形成一个夹角。
23、 根据权利要求 22所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述第二馈源的中心均 勾的放置在垂直于所述孔径单元的轴线的一个圓上,且所述圓的圓心位于所述 孔径单元的轴线上, 所述第二馈源在焦平面上的投影与焦点的距离为 R, 所述 焦平面为垂直于所述孔径单元的轴线且所述焦点所在的平面; 相邻的两个所 述第二馈源之间的中心距为 d, 所述第二馈源的辐射口面在同一平面上, 与所 述第一馈源的辐射口面距离为 δ, 所述 δ大于或等于零。
24、 根据权利要求 23所述的方法, 其特征在于,
所述 R满足:
Figure imgf000033_0001
所述 d满足:
J < V2(R2 + 2) - 2(R2 + 2 ) cos(^/2 + ^/2);
所述 F为所述孔径单元的焦距, 所述 D为所述孔径单元的直径, 所述 k 为小于等于 1的常数, 所述 为所述第二馈源的孔径辐射波束的波束角, 所述 Θ为所述第一馈源的孔径辐射波束的波束角。
25、 根据权利要求 22所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述第二馈源包括有两 组, 其中, 第一组第二馈源的中心均勾的放置在垂直于所述孔径单元的轴线的 第一圓上,且所述第一圓的圓心位于所述孔径单元的轴线上, 所述第一组第二 馈源中任意一个第二馈源在焦平面上的投影与焦点的距离为 , 在所述第一 圓上相邻的两个第二馈源之间的中心距为 ,第一组第二馈源的辐射口面与第 一馈源的辐射口面距离为 第二组第二馈源的中心均匀的放置在垂直于所述 孔径单元的轴线的第二圓上, 且所述第二圓的圓心位于所述孔径单元的轴线 上,所述第二组第二馈源中任意一个第二馈源在焦平面上的投影与焦点的距离 为 R2, 所述焦平面为垂直于所述孔径单元的轴线且所述焦点所在的平面; 在 所述第二圓上相邻的两个第二馈源之间的中心距为 d2,第一组第二馈源的辐射 口面与第一馈源的辐射口面距离为 δ2; 所述 δ^。δ2大于或等于零。 26、 根据权利 25所述的方法, 其特征在于,
Figure imgf000034_0001
所述 d2满足:
d2≤ -^2{R2 2 + 2)-2(R2 2 + 2)cos(^/2 + ^2/2);
所述 F为所述孔径单元的焦距, 所述 D为所述孔径单元的直径, 所述 k 为小于等于 1的常数,所述 A为所述第一组第二馈源的孔径辐射波束的波束角, 所述 A为所述第二组第二馈源的孔径辐射波束的波束角,所述 Θ为所述第一馈 源辐射的孔径辐射波束的波束角。
27、 根据权利要求 22所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述第二馈源包括有 n 组, 其中, 第 n组第二馈源的中心均勾的放置在一个垂直于所述孔径单元的轴 线的第 n圓上, 且所述第 n圓的圓心位于所述孔径单元的轴线上,, 所述第 n 组第二馈源中任意一个第二馈源在焦平面上的投影与焦点的距离为 Rn, 在所 述所述第 n圓上相邻的两个第二馈源之间的中心距为 dn,所述第二馈源的辐射 口面在同一平面上, 与所述第一馈源的辐射口面距离为 δη, 所述 δη大于或等 于零。
方法, 其特征在于所述 Rn满足:
Figure imgf000034_0002
所述 d满足:
dn <^2{Rn 2 +F2)-2{Rn 2 + 2)cos(^/2 + ^n/2);
所述 F为所述孔径单元的焦距, 所述 D为所述孔径单元的直径, 所述 k 为小于等于 1的常数, 所述 为所述第二馈源的孔径辐射波束的波束角, 所述 Θ为所述第一馈源的孔径辐射波束的波束角。
29、 根据权利要求 21所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述至少两个馈源放置 在所述孔径单元的焦点周围,所述至少两个馈源中的任一馈源发送的波束通过 所述孔径单元反射或折射后, 与所述孔径单元的轴线形成一个夹角。
30、 根据权利要求 29所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述至少两个馈源的中 心均勾的放置在一个垂直于所述孔径单元的轴线的圓上,且所述圓的圓心位于 所述孔径单元的轴线上, 所述馈源在焦平面上投影与焦点的距离为 R, 所述焦 平面为垂直于所述孔径单元的轴线且所述焦点所在的平面;相邻的两个所述馈 源之间的中心距为 d, 所述馈源与所述焦点距离为 δ, 所述 δ大于或等于零。
31、 根据权利要求 30所述的方法, 其特征在于,
Figure imgf000035_0001
所述 d满足:
J < ^ (R2 + 2 ) - 2(R2 + 2 ) cos(^ / 2 + ^ / 2);
所述 F为所述孔径单元的焦距, 所述 D为所述孔径单元的直径, 所述 k 为小于等于 1的常数, 所述 为所述馈源的孔径辐射波束的波束角, 所述 Θ为 从所述焦点出辐射波束的波束角。
32、 根据权利要求 29所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述至少两个馈源包括 有两组, 其中, 第一组馈源的中心均勾的放置在一个垂直于所述孔径单元的轴 线的第一圓上,且所述第一圓的圓心位于所述孔径单元的轴线上, 所述第一组 馈源中的任意一个馈源在焦平面上的投影与焦点的距离为 , 在所述第一圓 上相邻的两个第二馈源之间的中心距为 d 所述第一组馈源的辐射口面与所述 焦点距离为 第二组馈源的中心均勾的放置在一个垂直于所述孔径单元的轴 线的第二圓上,且所述第二圓的圓心位于所述孔径单元的轴线上, 所述第二组 馈源中的任意一个馈源在焦平面上的投影与焦点的距离为 R2, 在所述第二圓 上相邻的两个第二馈源之间的中心距为 d2;所述第二组馈源的辐射口面与所述 焦点距离为 δ2, 所述 δ^。δ2大于或等于零。
33、 根据权利要求 32所述的方法, 其特征在于,
所述 Rr满足:
Figure imgf000036_0001
所述 满足:
dx≤^2(RX 2 +F2)-2(R +Ρ2)οο^φΐ2 + φχΙ2);
Figure imgf000036_0002
所述 d2满足:
d2≤ -^2{R2 2 + 2)-2(R2 2 + 2)cos(^/2 + ^2/2);
其中, 所述 F为孔径单元的焦距, 所述 D为孔径单元的直径, 所述 k为 小于等于 1的常数, 所述第一组馈源的孔径辐射波束的波束角为 , 所述第二 组馈源的孔径辐射波束的波束角为 φτ,所述 Θ为从所述焦点出辐射波束的波束
34、 根据权利要求 29所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述至少两个馈源分为 η组馈源; 第 η组馈源的中心均勾地放置在一个垂直于所述孔径单元的轴线的 第 η圓上,且所述第 η圓的圓心位于所述孔径单元的轴线上, 其在焦平面上的 投影与焦点的距离为 Rn, 在所述第 n圓上相邻的两个所述馈源之间的中心距 为 dn, 所述馈源与所述焦点距离为 δη, 所述 δ大于或等于零。
35、 根据权利要求 34所述的波束扫描天线, 其特征在于,
Figure imgf000036_0003
所述 dn满足:
dn <^2{Rn l +Fl)-2{Rn l + )cos(^/2 + ^n/2);
所述 F为所述孔径单元的焦距, 所述 D为所述孔径单元的直径, 所述 k 为小于等于 1的常数, 所述 为所述馈源的孔径辐射波束的波束角, 所述 Θ为 从所述焦点出辐射波束的波束角。
36、 根据权利要求 21至 35任意一项所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述根据 所述信号质量检测的结果选择信号质量最好的一个所述馈源作为工作馈源之 后, 还包括: 检测信号质量最好的馈源是否发生改变, 若是, 重新选择一个信 号质量最好的馈源作为工作馈源。
37、 根据权利要求 36所述的波束扫描天线, 其特征在于, 所述检测信号 质量最好的馈源是否发生改变, 具体包括:
每隔预置时长指示所述馈源切换模块对所述馈源进行遍历,使得每个被使 能的所述馈源分别进行信号质量检测,根据信号质量检测的结果确定信号质量 最好的馈源是否发生改变;
或者, 接收用户指令, 根据所述用户指令, 指示所述馈源切换模块对所述 馈源进行遍历,使得每个被使能的所述馈源分别进行信号质量检测,根据信号 质量检测的结果确定信号质量最好的馈源是否发生改变;
或者, 实时监测接收信号质量, 当检测到当前工作馈源的接收信号质量低 于预设的阔值时,指示所述馈源切换模块对所述馈源进行遍历,使得每个被使 能的所述馈源分别进行信号质量检测,根据信号质量检测的结果确定信号质量 最好的馈源是否发生改变。
38、 根据权利要求 21至 37任意一项所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述信号 质量包括:
信号的功率强度, 信号的信噪比 SNR, 或信号的均方误差 MSE中任意一 项或两项以上的组合。
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