WO2016020348A1 - Optoelektronisches bauelement und verfahren zu seiner herstellung - Google Patents
Optoelektronisches bauelement und verfahren zu seiner herstellung Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016020348A1 WO2016020348A1 PCT/EP2015/067878 EP2015067878W WO2016020348A1 WO 2016020348 A1 WO2016020348 A1 WO 2016020348A1 EP 2015067878 W EP2015067878 W EP 2015067878W WO 2016020348 A1 WO2016020348 A1 WO 2016020348A1
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- active zone
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- 230000005693 optoelectronics Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 90
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000005670 electromagnetic radiation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 51
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 claims description 44
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 39
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 30
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910021478 group 5 element Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910021476 group 6 element Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical group [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- PNHVEGMHOXTHMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;zinc;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Mg+2].[Zn+2] PNHVEGMHOXTHMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910002704 AlGaN Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910002601 GaN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 84
- JMASRVWKEDWRBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium nitride Chemical compound [Ga]#N JMASRVWKEDWRBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 66
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 29
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 description 22
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 19
- RNQKDQAVIXDKAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum gallium Chemical compound [Al].[Ga] RNQKDQAVIXDKAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 18
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 16
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 235000010210 aluminium Nutrition 0.000 description 14
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 11
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 11
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 10
- AJGDITRVXRPLBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum indium Chemical compound [Al].[In] AJGDITRVXRPLBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229910052984 zinc sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(1+);methylsulfanylmethane;bromide Chemical compound Br[Cu].CSC PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- AUCDRFABNLOFRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane;indium Chemical compound [AlH3].[In] AUCDRFABNLOFRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002800 charge carrier Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NWAIGJYBQQYSPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N azanylidyneindigane Chemical compound [In]#N NWAIGJYBQQYSPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
- LUBKKVGXMXTXOZ-QGZVFWFLSA-N (+)-geodin Chemical compound COC(=O)C1=CC(=O)C=C(OC)[C@@]11C(=O)C(C(O)=C(Cl)C(C)=C2Cl)=C2O1 LUBKKVGXMXTXOZ-QGZVFWFLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101100210287 Drosophila melanogaster wech gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001174 ascending effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052790 beryllium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N beryllium atom Chemical compound [Be] ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 1
- -1 for example Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229910052594 sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010980 sapphire Substances 0.000 description 1
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- JBQYATWDVHIOAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellanylidenegermanium Chemical compound [Te]=[Ge] JBQYATWDVHIOAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L33/00—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L33/02—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies
- H01L33/04—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies with a quantum effect structure or superlattice, e.g. tunnel junction
- H01L33/06—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies with a quantum effect structure or superlattice, e.g. tunnel junction within the light emitting region, e.g. quantum confinement structure or tunnel barrier
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L33/00—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L33/02—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies
- H01L33/025—Physical imperfections, e.g. particular concentration or distribution of impurities
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L33/00—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L33/02—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies
- H01L33/14—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies with a carrier transport control structure, e.g. highly-doped semiconductor layer or current-blocking structure
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L33/00—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L33/02—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies
- H01L33/16—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies with a particular crystal structure or orientation, e.g. polycrystalline, amorphous or porous
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N30/00—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices
- H10N30/50—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices having a stacked or multilayer structure
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N30/00—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices
- H10N30/704—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices based on piezoelectric or electrostrictive films or coatings
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N39/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one piezoelectric, electrostrictive or magnetostrictive element covered by groups H10N30/00 – H10N35/00
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L33/00—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L33/02—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies
- H01L33/26—Materials of the light emitting region
- H01L33/30—Materials of the light emitting region containing only elements of Group III and Group V of the Periodic Table
- H01L33/32—Materials of the light emitting region containing only elements of Group III and Group V of the Periodic Table containing nitrogen
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L33/00—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L33/02—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies
- H01L33/26—Materials of the light emitting region
- H01L33/30—Materials of the light emitting region containing only elements of Group III and Group V of the Periodic Table
- H01L33/32—Materials of the light emitting region containing only elements of Group III and Group V of the Periodic Table containing nitrogen
- H01L33/325—Materials of the light emitting region containing only elements of Group III and Group V of the Periodic Table containing nitrogen characterised by the doping materials
Definitions
- the invention relates to an optoelectronic component according to claim 1 and a method for the production according to claim 34.
- optoelectronic components such as semiconductor lasers which have an active zone for generating electromagnetic radiation.
- a waveguide layer and a cladding layer adjoin the active zone.
- the active zone is arranged between a p-doped layer arrangement and an n-doped layer arrangement.
- the layer arrangements are positively doped or negatively doped.
- the layer arrangements have, for example semi-conductive material such as gallium nitride, aluminum gallium nitride, indium gallium nitride, zinc oxide, Magnesiumzin ⁇ koxid or aluminum indium gallium nitride.
- the object of the invention is to provide an improved optoelectronic component and an improved method for producing an optoelectronic component.
- An advantage of the described optoelectronic component is that absorption of the electromagnetic radiation in the waveguide layers is reduced by a small positive and / or negative doping.
- the optoelectronic component has a low voltage drop, by acting on interfaces between layers with different band gaps for free charge carriers a Spitzenendotier Scheme, ie a doping peak is arranged.
- a low positive or negative doping may be present, in particular, doping may also be completely dispensed with.
- the low or missing doping in the waveguide layer ensures that the electromagnetic radiation in the waveguide layer is hardly or not absorbed by the dopant from ⁇ .
- the tip doping region has at least a 10% increase in doping in the direction away from the active zone and then at least a 10% decrease after a maximum value.
- the 10% are related to the maximum value of the top endowment.
- the increase may be greater than 10%, for example greater than 50%, for example greater than 100%.
- the drop in the tip doping range may be greater than 10%, for example greater than 50%, in particular greater than 100%.
- the percentage increase and / or the percentage decrease in peak doping may also be related to the value of the doping of the layer of the interface located closer to the active zone. The efficiency of the electrical properties of the device is improved if the active zone has at least one quan ⁇ tentopf harsh, which is arranged between two barrier layers.
- At least one barrier layer is doped ne ⁇ gativ.
- the negative doping may be greater than 5 x 10 17 1 / cm 3 .
- the optoelectronic component only one layer assembly comprising wech ⁇ selnden material layers or two layer arrangements with have changing material layers.
- the active zone is adjacent to at least one layer ⁇ arrangement of a semiconductive material on, said layer configuration comprising at least two layers, the two layers are formed in such a manner that a piezoelectric field ei ⁇ ner interface between the two layers is generated, which causes an electricallysab ⁇ case at the interface, wherein at the interface of the two layers, a Spitzenendotier Silver is provided to reduce the electrical voltage drop, wherein a
- Doping of the tip doping region towards the active zone increases at least by a first percentage and decreases again by at least a second percentage, the first and second percentages being greater than 10% of the doping of the layer located closer to the active zone ,
- the semiconducting material is a bi ⁇ ary, ternary and / or quaternary III-V compound semiconductor ⁇ conductor material or II-VI compound semiconductor material constitutes, wherein the semiconductive material with a group III element or Group II element-terminated surface was grown, the Group III is an element of the group AI, In or Ga, wherein the group II element is Zn, Mg or Cd, and wherein the two layers are arranged on a p-side with respect to the active zone, and wherein between the two layers in a growth direction of the layers, a transition from a smaller bandgap to a larger bandgap is provided, and wherein the tip doping region is positively doped.
- the semiconducting material is a binary, ternary and / or quaternary III-V or II-VI compound semiconductor material, wherein the semiconducting Ma ⁇ material was grown with a group III or II element-terminated surface, wherein the group III element of the group Al, In or Ga, wherein the group II Zn Ele ⁇ ment, Mg, or Cd, and wherein the two layers an n-side with respect to the active zone, and wherein a transition from a larger band gap to a smaller band gap is provided between the two layers in a growth direction of the layers, and wherein the tip doping region is negatively doped.
- the semiconducting material is a binary, ternary and / or quaternary III-V or II-VI compound semiconductor material constitutes, wherein the semiconductive Ma ⁇ material including a group V element or group ter- VI element delaminated surface was raised, the Group V
- provides the semiconducting material is a bi ⁇ ary, ternary and / or quaternary III-V or II-VI compound semiconductor material constitutes, wherein the semiconductive material with a group V element or group was grown VI element terminier ⁇ th surface, the group V is element of the group N, As or Sb, where the group VI element is oxygen, the two layers being arranged on an n-side with respect to the active zone, being seen between the two layers in the direction of growth of the layers a transition from a smaller band gap to a larger band gap ⁇ is provided, and wherein the Spitzendotier Scheme is negatively doped.
- the semiconductive material comprises an II-VI compound semiconductor material, in particular zinc oxide and / or magnesium zinc oxide or represents an II-VI compound ⁇ material, in particular zinc oxide and / or Magnesiumzin ⁇ oxide.
- the group II elements include, for example, zinc (Zn), magnesium (Mg) and cadmium (Cd).
- the group VI elements include, for example, oxygen (0).
- a correspondingly low doping in the waveguide layer or no doping in the waveguide layer may also be provided in a component having two layer arrangements with alternating material layers and a tip doping region may be provided in the transition region between the waveguide layer and the adjacent layer ,
- a low doping may be provided depending on the selected embodiment, in a device with two layer arrangements, which are arranged visuallylie ⁇ quietly to the active zone, in each Schichtanord ⁇ voltage in the waveguide layer adjacent the active zone, wherein in the transition ⁇ region between the Waveguide layer and the adjacent layer is provided a corresponding Spitzenendotier Scheme.
- the increase in the doping in the tip doping region may be greater than the lowering of the doping in the tip doping region.
- the doping in the waveguide layer which is arranged rich and the active zone between the Spitzendotierbe- be less than the doping in the adjacent layer, the resonatelie ⁇ adjacent vicinity to the active zone to the waveguide layer.
- the doping may be positive or negative.
- Layer arrangement has a positive doping, wherein the doping is greater than 5 x 10 18 1 / cm 3 , in particular greater than 1 x 10 19 1 / cm 3 .
- an improvement in the efficiency and the electrical properties of the component is achieved if the second layer, which adjoins the second wave ⁇ conductor layer, has a negative doping, which is greater than 5 x 10 17 1 / cm 3 , in particular greater than 1 x 10 18 1 / cm 3 .
- a further improvement of the efficiency and electrical characteristics of the device is achieved when the active zone has a quantum well layer at least, the interim ⁇ rule two barrier layers is arranged.
- ⁇ is terrorisms negatively doped a barrier layer.
- the negative doping can be greater than 1 ⁇ 10 18 1 / cm 3 , in particular larger than 2 x 10 18 1 / cm 3 , in particular greater than 5 x 10 18 1 / cm 3 be.
- a further improvement of the optical and / or electrical properties is achieved in that an active zone is provided with a plurality of quantum wells, wherein in each case a barrier layer is arranged between the quantum wells.
- a barrier layer is arranged between the first and the last quantum well and the adjacent layer.
- at least the first and / or the second barrier layer, starting from the negatively ⁇ doped adjacent layer, ie the n-side, negatively doped, and wherein the at least one subsequent third Barri ⁇ ere Anlagen can be undoped.
- the second barrier layer, counted from the n-side, which is arranged between the first and the second quantum well is negatively doped, in particular highly negatively doped. Also in this way the efficiency of the device is improved.
- a further improvement of the efficiency and of the electrical properties of the component is achieved if the first layer, which adjoins the first waveguide layer of the first layer arrangement, has a positive doping which is smaller than 5 ⁇ 10 19 1 / cm 3 , in particular smaller than 5 x 10 18 1 / cm 3 .
- a further improvement of the device is reached when the second waveguide layer of the second Schichtanord- voltage having a negative doping, which is less than 5 x 10 18 l / cm 3, in particular less than 1 x 10 18 1 / cm 3, preferably before ⁇ less than 1 x 10 17 1 / cm 3, and wherein the two ⁇ th layer adjacent to the waveguide layer, having a ne ⁇ gative doping, which is less than 5 x 10 18 1 / cm 3, in particular less than 1 x 10 18 1 / cm 3 , preferably less than 1 x 10 17 1 / cm 3 .
- a further improvement of the component is achieved if, in the second layer arrangement, the negative doping in the second layer increases at a predetermined distance from the waveguide layer and thus at a predetermined distance from the tip doping region.
- a further improvement of the component is achieved if in the first layer arrangement adjacent to the first layer, a further first layer is provided, wherein in a region at least adjacent to a transition region between the first layer and the further first layer, the positive doping in a second Spitzendotier Scheme in the direction away from the active zone by at least a first percentage value and again decreases by at least a second percentage value.
- the first and second percentages can each be greater than 10%.
- the positive doping of the first layer outside the two ⁇ th Spitzendotier Anlagenes and outside the first Spitzendotier Schemees is less than or equal to the positive doping of the further first layer outside of the second Spitzendotier Schemees.
- the positive doping of the further first layer may be greater than the positive doping of the first layer.
- a further two ⁇ th layer is provided in the second layered arrangement adjacent to the second layer.
- the second layer and the further second layer differ in the materials.
- the negative doping is increased in a second Spitzendotierbe ⁇ rich in the direction away from the first active region by at least a first percentage value and then the a second percentage How-lowered.
- the first and second percentages may be greater than 10%.
- the electrical conductivity of the second layer arrangement is improved by increasing the doping at a predetermined distance from the active zone. The distance is selected in such a way that the absorption losses due to the increased doping are relatively low.
- the negative doping of the second layer is less than or equal to the negative doping of the further second layer, the dopings being compared only outside the first and / or the second tip doping region.
- the negative doping of the further second layer may be larger than the negative Dotie ⁇ tion of the second layer in each case outside the first and / or second Spitzendotier Schemees.
- first tip doping region and / or the second tip doping region have a width in the direction away from the active zone, which may be in the range between 1 nm and 100 nm.
- first and second tip doping regions are at least partially disposed in the adjacent layers.
- the first and / or the second tip doping region have an ascending ramp and / or a falling ramp.
- an additional first layer, insbesonde ⁇ re additional first is adjacent to the further first layer, wherein in the over-the positive doping increases transition region between the further first layer and the additional first layer in the direction of the additional first layer Layer a smaller band gap than having the further first layer.
- a blocking layer for electrons is provided in the first layer arrangement, wherein the blocking layer has a high positive doping and / or a large band gap. Adjacent to the blocking layer a ⁇ Spitzendotier Scheme is formed.
- the BLO ckier Anlagen adjoins the active zone or is disposed in the first waveguide layer or between a first waveguide layer and a second waveguide layer of ers ⁇ th layer arrangement.
- the device is designed in such a way that the positive doping of the layers is formed outside of the first and / or second Spitzendotier Schemees in such a manner that the doping is, for a given Min ⁇ least intensity of the electromagnetic wave below a predetermined maximum doping, wherein the minimum intensity of the electromagnetic wave is less than 40%, in particular less than 15%, in particular less than 3%, and wherein the maximum doping is less than 2 ⁇ 10 19 doping atoms / cm 3 , in particular less than 8 ⁇ 10 18 doping atoms / cm 3 , in particular less than 4 x 10 18 doping atoms / cm 3 .
- the device is designed in such a way that the negative doping of the layers is formed outside of the at least one Spitzendotier Schemes in such a manner that the doping is, for a given Mind Estin ⁇ intensity of the electromagnetic wave below a predetermined maximum doping, wherein the minimum intensity less than 40%, in particular less than 15%, in particular less than 5%, and tion is less than 1 ⁇ 10 18 , in particular less than 6 ⁇ 10 17 , in particular less than 3 ⁇ 10 17 doping atoms / cm 3 .
- the component is designed in such a way that the first waveguide layer and the first layer or the second waveguide layer and the second layer consist of different materials, so that a piezoelectric polarization field occurs in the boundary region between the layers.
- the second layer comprises a material from the following group: gallium nitride, aluminum nitride, aluminum gallium nitride, indium gallium nitride, indium aluminum nitride, aluminum indium gallium nitride.
- the first additional layer and / or the second additional layer and / or the additional first layer and / or the second additional layer have a material from the following group ⁇ : gallium nitride, aluminum nitride, aluminum gallium nitride, indium gallium nitride, indium Aluminum nitride, aluminum indium gallium nitride.
- FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment of an optoelectronic component with an asymmetric layer arrangement
- FIG. 2 shows a further embodiment of an optoelectronic component with an asymmetric layer arrangement
- 3 shows a further embodiment of an optoelectronic component
- FIG. 5 to 14 various embodiments of an opto-electronic component with various ⁇ positive Dotierkurven and various layer structures of the first layer assembly
- FIGS. 15 to 22 show different embodiments of the optoelectronic component with different doping curves and different layer structures of the second layer arrangement
- Figure 23 shows a schematic representation of a wurtzite structure.
- One aspect of the device is aistsab ⁇ fall, the surface of a piezoelectric field on an interfacial layers of different composition is produced to reduce.
- the piezoelectric field can reduce the charge carrier density at the interface and thus cause the electrical voltage drop at the interface.
- the piezo ⁇ electric field is due to the different Gitterkon- the adjacent layers constants generated.
- the proposed solutions are suitable for layers of binary, ternary and / or quaternary III-V compound semiconductor material, wherein the group III element AI, In and / or Ga, and wherein the group V element N, As and / or Sb has.
- the pre-schla ⁇ genes solutions for layers of II-VI compound semiconductor materials, in particular zinc oxide and / or or Magnesiumzinkoxid are suitable, wherein an electrical at the interface of layers due ei ⁇ nes polarization field, which is caused by the different-up construction of the layers Voltage drop occurs. At these interfaces too, help the peak doping areas, the voltage drop we ⁇ ilias be weakened.
- the arrangement described is particularly suitable for the aluminum-gallium-indium-nitride material system, which is a piezoelectric material. Especially at hetero interfaces between materials with different aluminum content or indium content, a voltage drop may occur due to the piezoelectric effects.
- a group III element such as Ga, Al or In terminated surface or with a group II element such as Zn, Mg, Cd surface, then it is seen in the direction of growth on a p-side with respect to the active zone between two layers with different materials ⁇ provided at a transition from a smaller band gap to a larger band gap, a positive tip zendotier Symposium.
- the growth on nitrogen-terminated surface corresponds to the on ⁇ grow on a closed nitrogen atoms with (0001) plane of the wurtzite structure.
- the growth direction ie the growth direction
- the growth direction can be arranged parallel to the c-axis of the lattice structure, ie in the direction of the C axis or counter to the C axis.
- the growth direction can also deviate from the C axis, for example by + - 20 ° or + - 50 ° or up to + -90 °. The greater the deviation from the C-axis of the wurtzite structure, the more were less which is formed at the interface between the different layers ⁇ Lich constructed polarization field.
- the layers of the component on the substrate, grown at ⁇ play terminated with a group III element or group II Ele ⁇ ment surface then be seen in the growth direction on an n-side with respect to the active zone between layers with different materials in a transition a negative peak doping range is provided from a larger bandgap to a smaller bandgap.
- a group V element or Group VI element-terminated surface wherein the group V Ele ⁇ element from the group N, As or Sb and the group VI Ele ⁇ ment is oxygen, can be seen in the growth direction of the transitions between different Material layers on a p-side with respect to the active zone from a larger band gap to a smaller band gap provided with a positive tip doping region.
- At least one or more tip doping regions may be provided at the respective layer boundaries on a p-side and / or on an n-side of a device having the active region to reduce the voltage drop caused by a piezoelectric field , to reduce.
- p-side layer ⁇ formation of a pn junction is referred to, which is at least partially positively doped.
- n side layer ⁇ formation of a pn junction is referred to, which is at least partially negatively doped.
- Fig. 1 shows a schematic representation of an optoelectronic device, with a substrate 1, on which a Buffer layer 2 is applied.
- the substrate may be made of sapphire, silicon or silicon carbide, GaN, or Al x In y Ga x - y be N, where 0 is smaller y can be equal to 1 is equal to x, smaller.
- GaN is used as the substrate 1.
- a buffer layer is grown parallel to the c-axis on a Ga-terminated surface of the substrate. The growth direction W is shown in the form of an arrow and goes from bottom to top.
- a second Schichtan- order 200 is provided, wherein in the illustrated embodiment, the second layer arrangement 200 has a second layer 220 which is disposed on the buffer layer 2. On the second layer 220, a second wave ⁇ conductor layer 210 is arranged. An active zone 3 is arranged on the second waveguide layer 210. On the acti ⁇ ven Zone 3 a first layer arrangement is arranged 100th In the illustrated embodiment, the first
- Layer arrangement 100 has only a first layer 120.
- the ers ⁇ te and the second layer arrangement 100, 200 are made of semiconducting material tendem.
- the first layer 120 represents ei ⁇ ne cladding layer and is made for example of gallium nitride.
- the active zone 3 has, for example, quantum ⁇ pot structures, which may have, for example indium gallium nitride.
- the second waveguide layer 210 includes, for example, indium gallium nitride.
- the second Schichtanord ⁇ tion are thus grown with a Ga terminated surface.
- a profile of a refractive index 4 and a course of a doping D are shown schematically. It can be clearly seen that the designed as cladding layers first layer 120 and second layer 220 may have a lower refractive index than the second waveguide layer 210.
- the active region 3 has a higher index of refraction than the second wave ⁇ conductor layer 210.
- a negative doping 12 Darge ⁇ represents.
- the band gap drops from the second layer 220 in the growth direction to the second waveguide layer 210. This results in an electrical voltage drop due to a piezoelectric field at this interface.
- the optoelectronic component of FIG. 1 can also be constructed of other materials.
- a special feature of the device lies in the arrangement of the negative first Spitzendotier Schemees 13 in the border region between the second waveguide layer 210 and the second layer 220 which is latestbil ⁇ det as a cladding layer.
- the first layer arrangement 100 has a further first layer 130, on which a first layer 120 is arranged. On the first layer 120, a first waveguide layer 110 is arranged. On the first waveguide layer 110, the ak ⁇ tive zone 3 is arranged. On the active zone 3, a two ⁇ th layer 220 is arranged, which is formed as a cladding layer.
- the first layer arrangement 100 is at least partially positively doped.
- a profile of a refractive index 4 and a course of a doping D are shown schematically. It can be clearly seen that the active zone has a larger refractive index than the Benach ⁇ disclosed first waveguide layer 110th
- the cladding layer 220 has a lower optical refractive index than the first waveguide layer 110.
- the first layer 120 which is also out as a cladding layer forming ⁇ , a lower refractive index than the first waveguide layer 110.
- the band gap of the first waveguide layer 110 in the direction of the growth direction W increases to the first layer 120. This results in an electrical voltage drop due to a piezoelectric field at this interface.
- the positive doping 5 has a first tip doping region 6, which is arranged in the boundary region between the first waveguide layer 110 and the first layer 120.
- the active zone 3 is formed, for example, in the form of quantum wells comprising indium gallium nitride.
- the first waveguide layer 110 is formed in the form of indium gallium nitride.
- the second layer 220 and the first layer 120 are formed in the form of gallium nitride. The first and second Schichtan ⁇ order are thus grown with a Ga terminated surface.
- Fig. 3 shows another embodiment of an opto-electro ⁇ African component, which is a combination of the arrangements of Figures 1 and 2.
- GaN is used as the substrate 1.
- a buffer layer is grown.
- the wax ⁇ tumsraum W is shown in the form of an arrow and passes from bottom to top.
- a buffer layer 2 is arranged on the substrate 1.
- a second Layer 220 arranged, for example, gallium nitride ⁇ has.
- the second layer 220 represents a coat layer.
- the second layer 220 is a second waveguide layer arranged ⁇ 210th
- the second waveguide layer 210 may include indium gallium nitride, for example.
- the active zone 3 is arranged ⁇ .
- the active zone 3 may, for example, comprise quantum wells comprising indium gallium nitride.
- a first waveguide layer 110 is disposed on the acti ⁇ ven zone 3.
- the first waveguide layer 110 may include indium gallium nitride.
- a first layer 120 is arranged, which is also bebil ⁇ det as a cladding layer.
- the first layer 120 may include gallium nitride.
- the first layer arrangement 100 which comprises the first waveguide layer 110 and the first layer 120, is positively doped.
- the second layer assembly 200, the lenleiter Anlagen the second Wel ⁇ 210 and the second layer 220 comprises is at least partially negatively doped.
- the first and the two ⁇ th layer arrangement are thus grown with a Ga terminated surface corresponding to the GaN substrate.
- the active region 3 has a refractive index highs ren 4 as the adjoining first waves ⁇ conductor layer 110 and second waveguide layer 210.
- the refractive indices of the first and second Wel ⁇ lenleiter Anlagen 110, 210 may be approximately equal.
- the refractive indices of the cladding layers 120, 220, the counter opposite ⁇ layer to the active zone 3 to the first waveguide 110 and adjacent the second waveguide layer 210 have a lower refractive index than the first or the second waveguide layer 110, 210th
- the band gap drops from the second layer 220 in the growth direction to the second waveguide layer 210. This creates an electrical at this interface Voltage drop due to a piezoelectric field.
- the negative doping 12 has a negative first tip doping region 13, which is arranged in the boundary region between the second waveguide layer 210 and the second layer 220.
- the rising edge of the negative doping 12 has a negative first tip doping region 13, which is arranged in the boundary region between the second waveguide layer 210 and the second layer 220.
- the positive doping 5 has a first tip doping region 6, which is in the boundary region between the first waveguide layer 110 and the first
- Layer 120 is arranged.
- Fig. 4 shows another embodiment of an opto-electro ⁇ African component, wherein on a substrate 1 a buffer layer ⁇ 2 is arranged.
- GaN is used as the substrate 1.
- a buffer layer terminated in the illustrated example, on a Ga surface of the GaN sub strates ⁇ is grown a buffer layer. The direction of growth W is shown in the form of an arrow and goes from the bottom to the top.
- On the buffer layer 2 is a second
- the second layer 220 arranged, which is formed as a cladding layer.
- the second layer 220 can comprise aluminum gallium nitride on ⁇ .
- a second wave ⁇ conductor layer 210 is arranged on the second layer 220.
- the second waveguide layer 210 may include gallium nitride.
- the active region 3 is arranged on the second waveguide layer 210.
- the activated ve zone 3 can comprise quantum wells, for example, have ⁇ In dium gallium nitride.
- a first waveguide layer 110 is arranged.
- the first wave ⁇ conductor layer 110 may include gallium nitride.
- the first layer 120 may comprise aluminum gallium nitride and be formed as a cladding layer.
- On the first layer 120 has a further first layer 130 may be integrally ⁇ arranged.
- the further first layer 130 may be gallium nitride have and be formed as a cover layer. The first and the second layer arrangement thus are terminated on a Ga surface corresponding to the GaN substrate growing up ⁇ sen.
- a profile of a refractive index 4 and a course of a doping D are shown schematically.
- schematic tip doping regions 6, 13 of the positive doping 5 in the region of the first layer arrangement 100 and the negative doping 12 in the region of the second layer arrangement 200 are in the boundary region between the first waveguide layer 110 and the first one
- the negative doping 12 has a negative first tip doping region 13, which is arranged in the boundary region between the second waveguide layer 210 and the second layer 220.
- the band gap of the first waveguide layer 110 in the direction of the growth direction W increases to the first layer 120. This results in an electricallyistsab ⁇ case due to a piezoelectric field at this interface.
- the positive doping 5 has a first tip doping region 6, which is in the boundary region between the first waveguide layer 110 and the first
- Layer 120 is arranged.
- buffer layer may comprise meh ⁇ eral layers.
- the buffer layer can also be dispensed with.
- Fig. 5 shows a schematic representation of a structure of an optoelectronic component.
- a course of the band gap 8 in addition to the layer structure, a course of the band gap 8, a course of a positive doping 5 and a profile of an intensity 9 of an electromagnetic wave, which is generated during operation of the device.
- the band gap provides an Ab ⁇ stood in the energy between a conduction band and the valence band.
- the device includes an active region 3, wherein the active region 3 is between a first Schichtanord ⁇ voltage 100 and a second layer assembly 200 disposed.
- the active zone 3 has, for example, quantum wells which are arranged between barrier layers.
- GaN is used as the substrate 1.
- a buffer layer is grown on a Ga-terminated surface of the GaN substrate.
- the growth direction W is shown in the form of an arrow and goes from right to left.
- the planes of the layers are arranged perpendicular to the growth direction W.
- the first layer arrangement 100 has a first waveguide layer 110, which adjoins the active zone 3.
- the first waveguide layer represents a spacer layer, which is preferably undoped before ⁇ .
- Opposite the active region 3 is provided adjacent a Blo ⁇ ckier Anlagen 10 to the first waveguide layer 110, which is a barrier for electrons.
- Adjacent to the blocking layer 10 an ers ⁇ te layer 120 is provided, which is also formed as a waveguide ⁇ layer.
- Adjacent to the first layer 120 has a further first layer 130 is provided which is formed as one ⁇ tel für. Adjacent to the further first layer 130 is an additional first layer 140 vorgese ⁇ hen.
- band gap 8 increases from the first layer 110 in the direction of the growth direction W to the other first
- the first layer arrangement 100 has layers of semi conductor material on, wherein the individual layers have at ⁇ Kunststoffliche compositions.
- FIG. 5 schematically shows the band gap 8 for free charge carriers for the different layers. The differences in the band gaps 8 of the individual layers are shown only schematically. The differences in the band gap of the single 8 ⁇ NEN layers may be greater depending on the materials used for the layers and the doping or smaller. Is analogous to the course of the band gap also Ver ⁇ course of the refractive indices of the layers, which is not shown ex- plicitly. In addition, with dashed vertical lines ⁇ right the border areas between the individual
- the first waveguide layer 110 may comprise gallium nitride or indium gallium nitride, for example.
- the blocking ⁇ layer 10 may, for example, aluminum gallium nitride or aluminum indium gallium nitride have.
- the aluminum content can range between 8 and 40%.
- the first layer 120 may comprise gallium nitride or indium gallium nitride.
- the first waveguide layer 110 and the first layer 120 in the proportion of indium can failed under ⁇ .
- the indium content in the first waveguide layer and in the first layer 120 may range between 0 and 10%.
- the active zone 3 may have a quantum well structure with indium gallium nitride.
- the active zone 3 may also have a quantum well structure with gallium nitride or aluminum gallium nitride.
- the first waveguide 110 and the first layer 120 is also made of aluminum gallium nitride best ⁇ hen can, with the aluminum content between the first waveguide 110 and the first layer 120 are different.
- the further first layer 130 may be aluminum gallium nitride, aluminum indium gallium nitride. Ins ⁇ particular, the aluminum content 1-10 ⁇ 6 variie ren.
- the additional first layer 140 may comprise, for example, gallium nitride.
- the individual layers of the first stack 100 may be different positive doping aufwei ⁇ sen.
- the second layer arrangement 200 has adjacent the acti ve ⁇ zone 3, a second waveguide layer 210.
- the second waveguide layer 210 may consist of gallium nitride or indium gallium nitride.
- the second wave ⁇ conductor layer 210 may for example consist of gallium nitride or aluminum gallium nitride.
- a second layer 220 connects to the second waveguide layer 210 ⁇ .
- the second layer 220 is also formed in the illustratedariesbei ⁇ game as a waveguide layer. In ⁇ play, the second layer can be 220 ⁇ are made of aluminum gallium nitride, gallium nitride or indium aluminum nitride.
- the second layer 220 is followed by another second layer 230.
- the further second layer 230 is formed as a cladding layer and, for example, from an aluminum ⁇ nium gallium nitride, indium gallium nitride, aluminum indium gallium nitride exist.
- the aluminum content can be, for example, between 1 and 10%.
- a zusharm ⁇ Liche second layer 240 connects.
- the additional second layer 240 can be made of gallium nitride, for example.
- the intensity 9 of the electromagnetic wave is high in the region of the active zone 3 and the adjacent waveguides 110, 120, 210, 220.
- One aspect of the present technical solution is to provide an optoelectronic component in which the positive or negative doping in the region of a predetermined given minimum identity is below a predetermined maximum allocation.
- the first waveguide layer 110 is undoped. Only in the blocking layer 10 does the positive doping rise to values of more than 1 ⁇ 10 19 1 / cm 3 .
- a tip doping region 6 may be formed at the interface between the first waveguide layer 110 and the blocking layer 10 to reduce the voltage drop. Thus rises in this
- the Dotie ⁇ tion remains in the first layer 120 and in the border region to the other first layer 130 in the range of 1 x 10 18 / cm 3. Only shortly before the border region does the positive doping 5 increase in a positive first tip doping region 6 to a value of 2 ⁇ 10 19 1 / cm 3 .
- the doping of this maximum value of the first tip doping region 6 drops again to a lower value.
- the lower value in this embodiment is a doping of 1 ⁇ 10 18 / cm 3 . Only at a fixed distance from the active zone 3 does the positive doping 5 rise again via a step 11 to a value of approximately 1 ⁇ 10 19 / cm 3 within the further first one
- the predetermined distance may be slightly ahead of the center of the further first layer 130. In the transition from the further first layer 130 to the additional first
- the positive doping 5 increases again to a value of 2 x 10 19 / cm 3 , in order to achieve a greater Oberflä ⁇ ment doping.
- the doping remains constant. With the aid of the tip doping regions 6 it is achieved that good optoelectronic properties can be provided despite the low positive doping in the first layer 120, which is likewise used as waveguide, and in the further first layer 130.
- the stage 11 on which the positive doping increases in ⁇ ner distress the further first layer 130. 5, continues flat ⁇ if an improved electrical conductivity and thus to a lower resistance.
- Fig. 6 shows a further embodiment of an opto-electro ⁇ African component which is constructed with respect to the layer structure and the growth direction W of the embodiment of Fig. 5.
- the embodiment of FIG. 6 differs from the embodiment of FIG. 5 in the course of the positive doping 5 in the first layer arrangement 100.
- the positive doping is identical to the profile of FIG. 5 up to a maximum of the first tip doping region 6 the doping increases after the fall of the first tip doping region 6 within the further first one
- Layer 130 in the form of a ramp, preferably continuously to a value of 2 x 10 19 1 / cm 3 at.
- the value of 2 ⁇ 10 19 1 / cm 3 is achieved, for example, within one third or one half of the thickness of the further first layer 130.
- ⁇ dd the doping increases in the transition between the further first layer 130 on the first additional layer 140 Values of 4 x 10 19 .
- a higher doping is achieved within the further ers ⁇ th layer 130 and within the zu ⁇ additional first layer 140, a higher doping compared to the embodiment of Figure 5.
- a com- mise is selected for a slightly increased absorption due to the height ⁇ ren doping and enhanced flux voltage Uf.
- a centering of the electromagnetic wave is realized in the region of the active zone.
- Fig. 7 shows a further embodiment which corresponds to the active region 3, the first layer assembly 100 and the positive Do ⁇ orientation 5 of the embodiment of Fig. 6.
- the intensity 9 of the electromagnetic wave is shifted in the direction of the second layer arrangement 200.
- This is Example ⁇ as achieved in that the second waveguide layer 210 is larger, that is made thicker compared to the second waveguide layer 210 of FIG. 6.
- a displacement of the intensities ty of the shaft toward the second Layer arrangement 200, that is, in the direction of the n-side can be achieved by a ent ⁇ speaking change in the material composition .
- the displacement of the optical wave can be achieved, for example, by an increase in the indium concentration or by a decrease in the aluminum concentration in the second layer arrangement 200 or by a corresponding broader thickness of the second waveguide on the n-side.
- FIG. 8 shows a further embodiment of an electro-optical component which is formed in relation to the second layer arrangement 200 according to FIG. 5.
- the first waveguide layer 110, the blocking layer 10 and the first layer 120 according to FIG. 5 are formed.
- the positive doping 5 is also formed into the end region of the further first layer 130 according to FIG. 5.
- 140 has the additional first layer has a larger band gap than the first layer 130 more.
- the doping 5 has a second tip doping region 7 with a doping of 2 ⁇ 10 19 1 / cm 3 .
- a second Spitzendotierbe obtained ⁇ rich 7 whose maximum doping is higher than the maximum doping of the first Spitzendotier Schemees. 6
- the Do ⁇ tion drops to a value of 2 x 10 19 / cm 3 . Furthermore, the doping at the transition between the additional layer 140 and the end layer 150 increases to values of 1 ⁇ 10 20 / cm 3 .
- a multi-level p-type cladding layer is achieved, wherein a better forward voltage Uf is achieved by a smaller band gap in the region of the further first layer 130. Only the additional first layer 140 has the band gap, which in the embodiment of FIG. 5 already has the further first layer 130. Thus, a better flux voltage Uf is achieved by a lower aluminum content in the region of the lowered doping of the further first layer 130.
- Fig. 9 shows a further embodiment which corresponds Wesentli ⁇ chen the embodiment of Fig. 8, but using the material transition between the first layer 120 and the further first layer 130 is carried out in such a way that the band gap increases in the form of a ramp. Likewise, the transition between the further first layer 130 and the additional first layer 140 is formed in such a way that the band gap increases in the form of a ramp. In an analogous manner, the band gap 8 changes in the form of ramps.
- first and second Sitrixotier Schemee 6, 7 carried out in the transition region between the first layer 120 to the further first layer 130, or between the white ⁇ direct the first layer 130 and the additional first layer 140 at least as wide as the ramps are executed. This means that the doping in each case in the
- the doping 5 drops again.
- the positive doping 5 is low doped in the region of a high intensity 9 of the electromagnetic wave, that is in the range of greater than 5% of the maximum intensity. As a result, a lower absorption is realized.
- the maximum doping of the second Spitzendotier Schemees 7 is greater than the maximum doping of the first Spitzendotierbe ⁇ rich. 6
- Fig. 10 shows an embodiment of an electro-optical device, which is as removablebil ⁇ det substantially in accordance with FIG. 8, but unlike the embodiment of FIG. 8, the doping 5 in the region of the Spitzendotier Schemee 6, 7 increases more slowly in the form of a ramp. This means that the doping already starts to increase at a greater distance to the material transition to the next layer. Of the Waste can be as steep as in the embodiment of FIG. 8.
- FIG. 11 shows a further embodiment of a component which is constructed in relation to the design of the layer arrangements 100, 200 according to FIG. 5.
- the doping 5 differs relative to the embodiment of FIG. 5 in that the positive doping 5 already Festge in a ⁇ designed distance of the material boundary in the direction of a material having a larger band gap increases.
- Layer 120 executed with a larger ramp. Also be ⁇ starts the rising of the doping 5 in the transition region between the first layer 120 and the further first layer 130 already at a greater distance to the layer boundary.
- a drop of the doping 5 to a maximum of the first Spitzenendotier Schemees 6 is carried out to a lower value with a ramp.
- the doping 5 in the further first layer 130 drops only to a value of 1 ⁇ 10 19 / cm 3 .
- the doping ramps used at the heterojunctions lead to a sufficiently high doping at the heterointerface between the different layers with the different high band gaps.
- a gradual reduction of the doping of after the maximum value of the Spitzendotier Schemees 6 Bezie ⁇ hung may be used according to the blocking layer 10th
- the positive doping may be 5 ge ⁇ selected in such a way that the doping in the region of high intensity 9 of the electromagnetic wave, that is to say at an intensity greater than 26% of the maximum, a low doping in the range of 1 x 10 18 / cm 3 has.
- Fig. 12 shows another embodiment in which the
- Layer structure of the embodiment of FIG. 11 corresponds.
- the doping also corresponds to the embodiment of FIG. 10 until the maximum value of the first tip doping region 6 has been reached.
- the doping 5 does not remain constant after the tip doping region 6 has dropped in the region of the further first layer 130, but increases after reaching a minimum after the ramp to a higher value.
- the minimum may be in a range between 1 to 5 x 10 18 / cm 3 .
- the higher value of the doping can be 1 ⁇ 10 19 / cm 3 .
- the positive doping 5 increases to a value of 5 ⁇ 10 19 / cm 3 . This achieves a compromise between a good forward voltage Uf and a low absorption.
- Fig. 13 shows a further embodiment of a Bauelemen- tes, which is similar in construction to the embodiment of Fig. 12, but in contrast between the blocking layer 10 and the first layer, a further cladding layer is formed ⁇ 160,120.
- the further cladding layer 160 has the same band gap as the further first layer 120.
- the negative doping 5 decreases after the blocking layer 10 in the form of a ramp over the further cladding layer 160 and an initial region of the first layer 120 to the value of 3 ⁇ 10 18 / cm 3 .
- the doping increases after reaching a minimum after the first tip doping region 6 and after reaching a minimum doping value in the range of 1 to 5 ⁇ 10 18 / cm 3 in the further first layer 130 again in the form of a ramp and reaches within the further first layer 130 ei ⁇ ne doping in the range of 2 x 10 19 / cm 3 .
- the doping profile of the positive doping 5 is selected in such a way that in the region of high intensity larger 9 17% of the maximum value of the present elekt ⁇ romagnetica shaft, that is, at an intensity a low doping. As a result, a lower absorption of the electromagnetic wave is achieved.
- doping ramps are provided at the heterojunction of a material from a small bandgap to a large bandgap in order to achieve a sufficiently high doping at the heterointerface, that is to say in the boundary region between the two layers.
- a reduction of the doping after the border crossing may be provided gradually.
- Fig. 14 shows a further embodiment, the layer on ⁇ construction for the second layer assembly 200, the active region 3, the first waveguide layer 110, the first layer 120, the blocking layer 10 and the further first layer 130 of FIG. 5 corresponds.
- the further first layer 130 is made thinner and merges into an additional layer 140 with a lower band gap.
- the additional first layer 140 is followed by a terminal layer 150, which has an even lower band gap than the additional first layer 140.
- the doping 5 drops to a value of 1 ⁇ 10 18 / cm 3 after the first tip doping region 6.
- the positive doping 5 increases during the transition from the further first layer 130 to the additional first layer 140 up to a value of 1 ⁇ 10 19 / cm 3 in the form of a Ramp on.
- the doping increases again to a value of 1 ⁇ 10 20 / cm 3 . The increase already takes place before reaching the end of the additional first layer 140.
- the proposed positive doping is 5 ⁇ leads in such a way that in the region with high intensity 9 of electromag netic ⁇ shaft, that is in a range larger than 26% of the maximum intensity there is a low doping. As a result, a lower absorption is achieved.
- the multi-level cladding layer provides better waveguiding.
- FIG. 15 shows a schematic representation of the layer structure according to FIG. 5, wherein the band gaps of the material layers are indicated.
- GaN is used as the substrate 1.
- ⁇ play on a Ga-terminated surface of the GaN substrate, a buffer layer is grown.
- the growth direction W is shown in the form of an arrow and goes from right to left.
- the negative doping 12 in the second layer arrangement 200 is shown.
- the active region 3 may have at least two quantum wells 15,16, which are each bounded by two bar ⁇ centering layers 17,18,19.
- the barrier layers 17, 18, 19 can have a negative doping 12, for example in the range of 1 ⁇ 10 18 / cm 3 .
- the layers of Quantum wells, ie the quantum films themselves are undoped.
- a second waveguide layer 210 which adjoins the active zone 3, has a negative doping 12 which is, for example, in the range of 1 ⁇ 10 18 / cm 3 .
- the negative doping 12 is constant in the direction away from the active zone 3 to near a border region to the second layer 220 and then increases in the form of a negative first Spitzenendotier Schemees 13 to a value of 1 x 10 19 / cm 3 . Subsequently, the ne gative ⁇ doping 12 falls in the first Spitzendotier Scheme 13 in the second layer 220 again to a value of 1 x 10 18 / cm 3 from.
- the negative doping 12 remains in the range of the order of 1 ⁇ 10 18 / cm 3 .
- the negative doping 12 rises to a value of 1 ⁇ before reaching the further second layer 230 in a second negative tip doping region 14
- the layers of the second layer arrangement 200 in which the electromagnetic wave has an intensity 9 which is above a minimum value during operation of the component, are lightly doped. This results in low absorption losses.
- the electromagnetic wave with the intensity 9 is centered on the active zone 3. This gives a high filling factor and a good laser threshold is achieved.
- FIG. 16 shows a further embodiment of an electro-optical component which corresponds in layer construction to the embodiment of FIG. 15.
- the layers of the second assembly 200 are formed in such a manner that the negative doping 12 train in loading is formed on the intensity 9 of the electromagnetic wave in such a manner that at an intensity 9 of elekt ⁇ romagnetician shaft is greater than 8% of Maximum of the electro ⁇ magnetic wave is a low negative doping 12 of 1 x 10 18 / cm 3 or lower.
- Fig. 17 shows a further embodiment of an opto-electro ⁇ African component, which is identical in relation to the layer structure to the embodiment of Fig. 15.
- the second waveguide layer 210 and the second layer 220 are lightly doped except for the negative first tip doping region 13 and the negative second tip doping region 14, that is, a doping is smaller than 1 ⁇ 10 17 / cm 3 or no doping provided.
- the barrier layers 17, 18, 19 of the active zone 3 are highly doped in accordance with the embodiment of FIG. 16.
- the negative doping 12 is formed in the transition region between the second layer 220 and the further second layer 230.
- the negati ⁇ ve doping also increases in the end region of the second layer 220 by a value less than 1 x 10 17 / cm 3 to a value of 1 x 10 19 / cm 3, and then decreases in the further second layer 230 to a value from 3 x 10 18 / cm 3 .
- the negative Dotie ⁇ tion 12 remains constant in the range of 3 x 10 eighteenth Likewise in the area of the additional second layer 240.
- FIG. 18 shows a further embodiment in which the opto ⁇ electronic component has the same layer structure as in FIG. 15.
- the active region 3 comprises in the embodiment dargestell- th two quantum wells 15,16, which are bounded by depending ⁇ wells a barrier layer 17,18,19.
- the mitt ⁇ sized barrier layer 18 has a negative doping 12 which is in the range of 3 x 10 18 / cm 3.
- the two outer barrier layers 17,19 have a negative doping 12 which is in the range of 2 ⁇ 10 18 / cm 3 .
- the second waveguide layer 210 is lightly doped, that is, it is provided a negative doping, which is smaller than 1 x 10 17 .
- a negative first tip doping region 13 is provided in the junction between the second waveguide layer 210 and the second layer 220.
- the first negative Spitzendo- animal Suite 13 has in comparison to the embodiment of FIG. 17 on a larger width.
- the negative doping may extend into the second waveguide layer 210 and into the second layer 220 up to 10 nm, 20 nm or even 30 nm or more. This will ensure that in the mit
- Boundary region between the second waveguide layer 210 and the second layer 220 before a sufficiently high doping ⁇ is located.
- the negative second tip doping region 14 is formed so that the negative doping has a depth of 10 nm, 20 nm or up to 30 nm or more in the end region of the second layer 220 and in the initial region of the other second layer 230 extends. In the further second layer 230, the doping remains constant in the range of 3 ⁇ 10 18 .
- the additional second layer 240 is formed so that the negative doping has a depth of 10 nm, 20 nm or up to 30 nm or more in the end region of the second layer 220 and in the initial region of the other second layer 230 extends. In the further second layer 230, the doping remains constant in the range of 3 ⁇ 10 18 .
- the additional second layer 240 is formed so that the negative doping has a depth of 10 nm, 20 nm or up to 30 nm or more in the end region of the second
- Fig. 19 shows a further embodiment of an opto-electro ⁇ African component, whose layers are formed according to the component of Fig. 15. 200
- the second layer ⁇ arrangement to a negative first Spitzendotier Geb 13 and a negative second Spitzendotier Scheme fourteenth In contrast to the embodiment of FIG. 18, the negative first tip doping region 13 is made wider.
- the negative tip doping region 13 may have a width of 20 nm, 40 nm, 60 nm or more. In this case, the negative first Spitzenendotier Scheme 13 in equal parts in the second
- the second waveguide layer 210 is almost undoped outside of the first tip doping region 13, that is, the doping is at or below 1 ⁇ 10 17 / cm 3 .
- the negative second tip doping region 14 has a width of 20 nm, 40 nm, 60 nm or more.
- the second negative tip doping region 14 is preferably formed in equal parts in the second layer 220 and in the further second layer 230.
- the second negative tip doping region 14 has a doping in the range of 1 ⁇ 10 19 / cm 3 .
- the active region 3 comprises in the illustratedariessbei ⁇ play on two quantum wells 15,16, which are bounded by three barrier layers ⁇ 17,18,19.
- the third barrier layer 19 and the second barrier layer 18 each have a negative doping which is in the range of 5 ⁇ 10 18 / cm 3 .
- Layer assembly 100 is adjacent, is substantially undoped, that is, the first barrier layer 17 has a doping, which is smaller than 1 x 10 17 / cm 3 . Even with this embodiment, low absorption losses of the electromagnetic wave are achieved. In addition, due to the wide formation of the negative first and second tip doping areas 13, 14 good values for the Forward voltage Uf reached. The high doping of the barrier layers 18, 19 enables a good injection into the active zone.
- Fig. 20 shows a further embodiment which corresponds to the layer structure of the embodiment of Fig.
- the material composition continuously changes, so that the band gap 8 is formed in the transition region in the form of a ramp.
- the third barrier layer 19, which is formed between the second waveguide layer 210 and the second quantum well 16 has a negative doping which is in the range of 5 ⁇ 10 18 / cm 3 .
- the second barrier layer, which is arranged between a first quantum well 15 and the second quantum well 16, has a negative doping which is in the range of 4 ⁇ 10 18 / cm 3 .
- the first barrier layer 17 is disposed between the first quantum well layer 15 and the first array 100 has substantially a low negative Do ⁇ orientation below 1 x 10 17 / cm 3 or no doping.
- the negative first and second tip doping regions 13, 14 are respectively arranged in the transition region between the second waveguide layer 210 and the second layer 220 or between the second layer 220 and the further second layer 230. Thus, the negative first and second tip doping areas 13, 14 are in the ramp area of FIG.
- the Spitzendotier Schemee 13,14 are at least as wide as the ramps and start and en ⁇ adjacent in the respective layers.
- the negative first and second tip doping regions 13, 14 preferably have a width of 20 nm, 40 nm or 60 nm and more.
- the first and second negative tip doping regions 13, 14 have a doping which is in the range of 5 ⁇ 10 18 / cm 3 .
- the second waveguide layer 210 substantially undo ⁇ advantage, that is, the doping is less than 1 x 10 17th ⁇ to the second layer 220 in the area outside the loan ers ⁇ th and the second Spitzendotier Schemees 13, 14 in the materiality is negative undoped, that is, the doping is in the range of less than 1 x 10 17 / cm 3.
- the further second layer 230 and the adjacent additional second layer 240 have ei ⁇ ne negative doping, which is in the range of 3 x 10 18 / cm 3.
- Fig. 21 shows a further embodiment, the layer on ⁇ construction of FIG. 15 corresponds.
- the negative Dotie ⁇ tion 12 in the transition area between the second wave guide layer 210 and the second layer 220 a negative first Spitzendotier Scheme 13 which is formed in the form of a relatively broad peak, according to the negative ers ⁇ th Spitzendotier Rail 13 of Figure 18 is formed.
- the width may be in the range of 20 nm, 40 nm, 60 nm or more.
- the second waveguide layer 210 is outside of the negative first Spitzendotier Schemees 13 in Wesentli ⁇ chen undoped, that is, the doping is less than 1 x
- the doping increases from a value below 1 ⁇ 10 17 / cm 3 to a value of 3 ⁇ 10 18 / cm 3 and remains substantially con ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ in the direction of the further second layer 230 constantly until shortly before reaching the end of the second layer 220 seen away from the active zone 3, the negative second tip doping region 14 is formed.
- the second tip doping region 14 is made narrower in width than the negative first tip doping region 13.
- the width of the negative second tip doping region 14 may, for example, be less than 30 nm, in particular less than 20 nm.
- the negative first Spitzendotier Scheme 13 has a Spit ⁇ zendot ist of 2 x 10 19 / cm 3.
- the negative second tip doping region 14 has a doping in the range of 1.5 ⁇ 10 19 / cm 3 .
- the negative doping 12 drops to a value of 4 ⁇ 10 18 / cm 3 after the negative second tip doping region 14.
- the doping is lowered to a value of 1 ⁇ 10 18 .
- the active zone 3 has a third barrier layer 19 which has a doping in the range of 1 ⁇ 10 18 .
- the third barrier layer 19 adjoins the second waveguide layer 210.
- the second barrier layer 18, which is arranged between the two quantum wells, has a negative doping 12 which is in the range of 8 ⁇ 10 18 / cm 3 .
- Layer arrangement 100 adjoins a negative doping 12 that is in the range of 8 ⁇ 10 18 / cm 3 .
- the two quantum ⁇ pots 15,16, which are arranged between the three barrier layers 17,18,19 are substantially undoped, that is, the do ⁇ orientation is less than 1 x 10 17 / cm 3.
- the optoelectronic component is purchasedbil ⁇ det in such a way that, except for the active zone and the first negative Spitzendotier Scheme 13, the layers are undoped, in essence, in which an intensity is arranged is greater than 23% of the Maxi ⁇ malintensmaschine the electromagnetic wave. As a result, low internal absorption losses are achieved.
- a part of the second layer 220 which is formed as a waveguide, for a better forward voltage Uf do ⁇ advantage.
- the heterointerfaces are provided with the tip endo areas. This achieves a good Uf.
- FIG. 22 shows an embodiment of an optoelectronic component which is essentially constructed in accordance with FIG. 16, but in comparison with the embodiment of FIG. 16, the second waveguide layer 210 is significantly wider than the first waveguide layer 110. In this way, the electromagnetic wave is shifted toward the n-side, that is, toward the second layer-order 200. This achieves a further reduction of internal absorption losses.
- the displacement of the optical wave can be achieved for example by lowering the indium concentration or by increasing the aluminum concentration in the second layer arrangement 200 or by a corresponding broader thickness of the second wave ⁇ conductor on the n-side, ie in the second layer arrangement 200.
- a negative tip doping region 13, 14 is provided at the transitions of the layers or at the edges of the boundary surfaces.
- Layer structures of the first layer arrangement 100 and their dopings can be combined with the various layer structures of the second layer arrangements 200 of FIGS. 15 to 22 and their layer arrangements.
- Individual sections of the first layer arrangements 100 of FIGS. 5 to 14 can also be combined with sections of the second layer arrangements 200 of FIGS. 15 to 22.
- the layer structures of the first layer arrangement 100 and the positive doping profiles 5 of FIGS. 5 to 14 are combined with the different layer structures of FIGS. 15 to 22 whose different negative doping profiles 14 are combined.
- the illustrated examples for the negative doping 12 of the active zone 3 of FIGS. 15 to 22 can also be combined with different negative doping profiles 12 of FIGS. 15 to 22 and with the layer structures of the first layer arrangements 100 and their positive doping profiles 5 of FIGS. 5 to 14 ,
- a low bandgap to a larger bandgap
- a larger bandgap eg, gallium nitride to aluminum gallium nitride, indium gallium nitride to gallium nitride, indium gallium nitride to aluminum gallium nitride, or aluminum gallium nitride
- Aluminum gallium nitride with a higher aluminum concentration to provide a positive Spitzenendotier- range This applies in particular to growth on a gallium surface of gallium nitride.
- the transitions from a larger bandgap are doped to a smaller bandgap.
- the materials may be present in binary (Galli ⁇ nitride, aluminum nitride), ternary (aluminum gallium nitride, indium gallium nitride) or quaternary (aluminum indium gallium nitride-). Web areas between the hetero interfaces remain low, preferably doped to reduce absorption of the electro-magnetic radiation ⁇ or avoid. The doping is preferably deposited only in the areas. lowers, in which the intensity 9 of the optical wave is above a minimum limit. Also, the height of the Dotierbe ⁇ rich can be limited to a maximum value in order to limit the Absorp ⁇ tion of the electromagnetic wave and must be avoided.
- the doping is preferably lowered into the preparation ⁇ chen, in which the intensity of the optical wave is greater than a minimum value.
- the height of Thu ⁇ orientation can be chosen lower in the Spitzendotier Schemeen in areas without intensity of the electromagnetic wave than in the regions of low intensity of the electromagnetic wave. As a result, absorption losses can continue to be reduced.
- the aluminum content in areas of low positive doping the aluminum content can be lowered and thus the band gap and the activation energy can be reduced to increase the conductivity ⁇ ness.
- the optical wave is preferably centered on the active region, so that a better fill factor is achieved or guided n-side, so that less absorption occurs.
- the maximum of the optical wave is thus preferably between the active zone and the n-contact, ie the second layer arrangement 200.
- the positive doping or the positive peak zendotier Jardine can have one or more positive doping ⁇ materials.
- the doping may be greater than 1 ⁇ 10 18 / cm 3 , preferably greater than 5 ⁇ 10 18 / cm 3 , particularly preferably 8 ⁇ 10 18 / cm 3 and in particular greater than 1 ⁇ 10 19 / cm 3 .
- the regions of the layers are doped low, in which the intensity 9 of the optical Wel ⁇ le based on the maximum is greater than a minimum value.
- the minimum values can illustrate ⁇ 40%, 15% or 3% of the maximum.
- Low doped may mean that the dopant ⁇ concentration is below 2 x 10 19 / cm 3, preferably less than 8 x 10 18 / cm 3, more preferably less than 4 x 10 18 / cm 3.
- the areas of the layers facing away from the active zone, in which the intensity is smaller than the aforementioned number, can be doped with a dopant concentration greater than 5 ⁇ 10 18 / cm 3 , preferably greater than 1 ⁇ 10 19 / cm 3 .
- the negative doping of the n-side can be selected accordingly.
- the advantages described ⁇ the increased aluminum gallium achieved indium nitride as aluminum gallium indium nitride is a piezoelectric material that terogrenz vom particular He- between materials of different aluminum or indium due to the piezoe ⁇ lektrischen properties, for example in the material system Can have voltage drop.
- the transitions from a larger bandgap to a smaller bandgap for example from gallium nitride to indium gallium nitride, or from aluminum gallium nitride to gallium nitride, or from indium gallium nitride to indium gallium nitride with a higher in ⁇ diumkonzentration with a to provide negative top end area.
- growth on nitrogen-terminated face surface of gallium nitride are doped the transitions from smaller Bandlü ⁇ blocks to a higher band gap.
- the materials can be binary (gallium nitride, aluminum nitride), ternary (alumi- num). nium gallium nitride, indium gallium nitride) or quaternary (aluminum indium gallium nitride).
- Trajectories between the heterointerfaces may be low doped or nominally undoped.
- the doping is preferably lowered into the areas where the intensity of the optical wave is greater than a pre give ⁇ ner minimum value.
- One or more of the barrier layers of the active zone, which are arranged before, after or between the Quantentöp- fen, may be at least partially do ⁇ advantage negative.
- the optical wave can be performed, for example, in ⁇ other, so that the maximum of the optical waveguide is preferred from the ⁇ arranged between the active region and the n-contact.
- the internal losses in the optoelectronic component in particular in the case of a laser, are reduced.
- a laser threshold is improved and in particular the steepness of the laser characteristic and thus the efficiency of the laser diode he ⁇ increases.
- higher output powers and longer life ⁇ lifetimes are possible or the electro-optical device can be operated at higher temperatures.
- Values for the orientation of the negative Do- Spitzendotier Schemee may range from greater than 5 x 10 17 / cm 3, preferably greater than 1 x 10 18 / cm 3, particularly preferably greater than 2 x 10 18 / cm 3 and preferably RESIZE ⁇ SSER 5 x 10 18 / cm 3 are selected.
- negative dopants for example, silicon, oxygen or germanium can be used.
- the regions of the n-side, in de ⁇ NEN the intensity less than the predetermined maxima remote from the active zone are, for example, having a dopant concentration greater than 5 x 10 17 / cm 3, preferably greater than 1 x 10 18 / cm 3 doped.
- the dopant concentrations in the active zone or in the barrier layers of the active zone are, for example, greater than 5 ⁇ 10 17 / cm 3 , preferably greater than 1 ⁇ 10 18 / cm 3 , preferably greater than 2 x 10 18 / cm 3 and in particular preferably greater than 5 x 10 18 / cm 3 .
- a doping in the range of 3 to 6 ⁇ 10 18 / cm 3 may be provided outside the negative Spitzenendotier Schemee on the n-side.
- the optoelectronic component of FIGS. 1 to 22 is designed, for example, as a laser, in particular as a laser diode or as a strip laser or as a light-emitting diode (LED).
- a laser in particular as a laser diode or as a strip laser or as a light-emitting diode (LED).
- the two layers are arranged on a p-side with respect to the active zone, and wherein seen between the two layers in ei ⁇ ner growth direction of the layers, a transition from one is smaller band gap to a larger band gap vorgese ⁇ hen, and being rich in positively doped at the interface of the Spitzendotierbe-.
- the arrangements for layers and layer arrangements described with reference to the figures are suitable for binary, ternary and / or quaternary III-V II-VI compound semiconductor materials, the layers being deposited in such a way that the layers terminate one with a group III or II element Have surface, where the group
- III is an element from the group AI, In or Ga and the group II element is from the group Zn, Mg or Cd, and wherein the two layers are arranged on an n-side with respect to the active zone, and wherein between seen from the two layers in a growth direction of the layers, a transition from a larger band gap to a smaller band gap is provided. and at the interface the tip doping region is negatively doped.
- the arrangements for layers and layer arrangements described with reference to the figures are suitable for binary, ternary and / or quaternary III-V or II-VI compound semiconductor materials, wherein the layers of the compound semiconductor material have been grown in such a way that the layers have one with a group V or have VI element terminated surface, wherein the group V element from the group N, As or Sb and the group VI element Sauer ⁇ material, said two layers are arranged on a p-side in be ⁇ train on the active zone, wherein a transition from a larger band gap to a smaller band gap is provided between the two layers in the growth direction of the layers, and wherein at the interface the tip doping region is positively doped.
- the arrangements for layers and layer arrangements described with reference to the figures are suitable for binary, ternary and / or quaternary III-V or II-VI compound semiconductor materials, wherein the layers of the compound semiconductor material were grown in such a way that the layers have one with a group V element or having a group VI element-terminated surface, wherein the group V is element of the group N, As or Sb and the group VI element is oxygen, wherein the two layers arranged on an n-side with respect to the active zone with a transition from a smaller bandgap to a larger bandgap seen between the two layers in the growth direction of the layers, and wherein at the interface the tip doping region is negatively doped.
- the growth direction of the layers may be parallel to the c-axis of the lattice structure, but may also deviate therefrom, eg by + - 20 ° or more.
- Fig. 23 shows a schematic representation of a
- the structure is made up of atoms of two elements.
- the atoms of the two different elements 300, 400 are shown once in the figure as a circle 300 and once as a double circle 400.
- Wurtzit Modell is terminated by the elements with the double circle 400.
- the C-axis is shown, the senk ⁇ right to 0001 level runs.
- the positions of the double circles 400 in a III-V compound semiconductor material may be taken by the atoms of the group III elements or the atoms of the group V elements.
- Double circles 400 are taken with an II-VI compound semiconductor material by the atoms of the group II elements or the atoms of the group VI elements.
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Abstract
Description
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DE112015003629.6T DE112015003629A5 (de) | 2014-08-04 | 2015-08-04 | Optoelektronisches Bauelement und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung |
CN201580053585.6A CN107004739B (zh) | 2014-08-04 | 2015-08-04 | 光电组件以及用于制造所述光电组件的方法 |
JP2017504158A JP6551705B2 (ja) | 2014-08-04 | 2015-08-04 | オプトエレクトロニクス部品およびその製造方法 |
US15/501,110 US9818910B2 (en) | 2014-08-04 | 2015-08-04 | Optoelectronic component and method for the production thereof |
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DE102014111058.7A DE102014111058A1 (de) | 2014-08-04 | 2014-08-04 | Optoelektronisches Bauelement und Verfahren zur Herstellung |
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JP (1) | JP6551705B2 (de) |
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CN108807499A (zh) * | 2017-05-03 | 2018-11-13 | 环球晶圆股份有限公司 | 半导体异质结构及其形成方法 |
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DE102017122032A1 (de) | 2017-09-22 | 2019-03-28 | Osram Opto Semiconductors Gmbh | Laserdiode |
WO2019232261A1 (en) * | 2018-05-30 | 2019-12-05 | Nlight, Inc. | Large optical cavity (loc) laser diode having quantum well offset and efficient single mode laser emission along fast axis |
DE102022110693A1 (de) * | 2022-05-02 | 2023-11-02 | Ams-Osram International Gmbh | Optoelektronisches halbleiterbauelement |
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CN107004739B (zh) | 2020-03-20 |
US9818910B2 (en) | 2017-11-14 |
CN107004739A (zh) | 2017-08-01 |
DE112015003629A5 (de) | 2017-06-01 |
US20170222087A1 (en) | 2017-08-03 |
DE102014111058A1 (de) | 2016-02-04 |
JP6551705B2 (ja) | 2019-07-31 |
JP2017524252A (ja) | 2017-08-24 |
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