WO2016017293A1 - Fonte et pièce de frein - Google Patents

Fonte et pièce de frein Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016017293A1
WO2016017293A1 PCT/JP2015/066671 JP2015066671W WO2016017293A1 WO 2016017293 A1 WO2016017293 A1 WO 2016017293A1 JP 2015066671 W JP2015066671 W JP 2015066671W WO 2016017293 A1 WO2016017293 A1 WO 2016017293A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cast iron
content
brake
less
specific heat
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2015/066671
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
公章 古屋
茂仁 張
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株式会社リケン
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Publication date
Application filed by 株式会社リケン filed Critical 株式会社リケン
Publication of WO2016017293A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016017293A1/fr

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D27/00—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting
    • B22D27/20—Measures not previously mentioned for influencing the grain structure or texture; Selection of compositions therefor
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
    • C22C37/10—Cast-iron alloys containing aluminium or silicon
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D65/00—Parts or details
    • F16D65/02—Braking members; Mounting thereof
    • F16D65/12—Discs; Drums for disc brakes

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to cast iron and brake parts suitable for use in a brake device such as a vehicle, and more particularly to cast iron and brake parts that can achieve a reduction in weight of a brake disk by providing a high specific heat.
  • Brake devices such as automobiles and motorcycles include a brake disc that rotates with the wheels and a brake pad that is pressed against the brake disc.
  • a brake disk is required to have a high thermal conductivity in order to suppress functional deterioration due to generated frictional heat.
  • flake graphite cast iron, CV graphite cast iron, and spheroidal graphite cast iron have been used as materials for realizing such demands at low cost.
  • flake graphite cast iron can improve thermal conductivity by increasing the graphite length because graphite is a good heat conductor.
  • Patent Document 1 relates to corrosion-resistant cast iron, and in a carbon equivalent range of 3.8 to 4.5%, in mass%, C: 2.8 to 4%, Si: 1.5 to 3. 0%, Mn: 0.3 to 1.2%, P: 0.2% or less, S: 0.06 to 0.25%, Cu: 0.15 to 3.5%, and the balance: Fe and inevitable It consists of impurities and suppresses rusting by changing the Cu content.
  • Patent Document 2 relates to a disc for a disc brake.
  • C 2.8 to 3.8%
  • Si 1.8 to 3.4%
  • Mn 0.5 to 1 0.0%
  • S 0.02-0.1%
  • Cr 0.1-1.5%
  • Mo 0.1-1.0%
  • Ni 0.1-1.2%
  • Ce It consists of 0.01 to 0.05%
  • Cu 0.1 to 1.2%
  • balance Fe and unavoidable impurities, and heat crack resistance is improved by increasing the strength with Ce.
  • Patent Document 3 has a sliding part and a hub attachment part, and is a brake part having an integral structure made by casting with a single molten metal, in mass%, C: 3.5 to 3.90%, Si: 2.3 to 3.0%, Mn: 0.7 to 1.1%, P: ⁇ 0.05%, S: 0.08 to 0.012%, Cu: 0.7 to 1.2 %, Balance: iron and inevitable impurities, CE value 4.3-4.7, tensile strength 15-20kgf / mm 2 , damping capacity 12-20 ⁇ 10-3 , inner surface of hub mounting hole Is subjected to induction hardening so as to have a hardness of HRB 90-105.
  • Patent Document 4 is a high thermal conductivity corrosion-resistant cast iron, in which carbon equivalent: in the range of 4-5%, mass%, C: 3-4.5%, Si: 1.5-3.0 %, Mn: 0.5 to 1.5%, P: 0.2% or less, S: 0.06 to 0.25%, Cu: 0.15 to 3.5%, Ca: 0.02 to 0 0.1%, Al: 0.02 to 0.1%, balance: iron and inevitable impurities, and acicular graphite is formed in the structure, thereby improving high thermal conductivity and corrosion resistance.
  • carbon equivalent in the range of 4-5%, mass%, C: 3-4.5%, Si: 1.5-3.0 %, Mn: 0.5 to 1.5%, P: 0.2% or less, S: 0.06 to 0.25%, Cu: 0.15 to 3.5%, Ca: 0.02 to 0 0.1%, Al: 0.02 to 0.1%, balance: iron and inevitable impurities, and acicular graphite is formed in the structure, thereby improving high thermal conductivity and corrosion resistance.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a cast iron and a brake part that can achieve the above.
  • Cast iron consists of ferrite, cementite, graphite, and other trace inclusions.
  • the inventors of the present invention have studied the increase in specific heat of ferrite having the largest weight fraction, and as a result of investigating various elements that are solid-solved in ferrite and have an effect of improving specific heat, Si is the most effective and produces carbide. It has been found that it can be easily dissolved in ferrite.
  • Si concentrates mainly in ferrite in cast iron, and the weight fraction in ferrite becomes 4% or more. In general, at this concentration, it is said that Fe 3 Si precipitates in an equilibrium state, but from the result of analysis by X-ray diffraction, Fe 3 Si is hardly detected under normal production conditions. In other words, it is considered that Si that does not form an ordered structure and is dissolved in an irregular and supersaturated state improves the specific heat of ferrite.
  • the present inventors examined in cast iron added with 3.5% or more of Si, when the C content exceeds 3.0%, a hypereutectic composition is formed, and massive graphite is generated in the structure. Since it becomes a notch, the strength tends to decrease. For this reason, the C content needs to be less than 3.0%.
  • the cast iron of the present invention is made based on the above knowledge, C: 2.0% or more and less than 3.0%, Si: 3.5 to 5.0%, Mn: 0.5 to 2.0% Sn and / or Sb, Sn: 0.02 to 0.2%, Sb: 0.01 to 0.2%, Cu: 1.5% or less, balance: Fe and inevitable impurities Features.
  • the cast iron of the present invention preferably has a tensile strength of 250 MPa or more.
  • the cast iron of the present invention may further contain Cr: 0.05 to 1.5% by mass.
  • the cast iron of the present invention may further contain Ni and / or Mo by mass%, and Ni: 0.3 to 1.5% and Mo: 0.1 to 0.5%.
  • the cast iron of the present invention preferably has a specific heat at 200 ° C. of 600 J / kg / K or more, and a thermal conductivity at 200 ° C. of 35 W / m / K or more.
  • the area ratio of pearlite in the base structure is preferably 90% or more.
  • the brake component of the present invention is manufactured from the cast iron.
  • C 2.0% or more and less than 3.0%
  • C is an element necessary for precipitating graphite in the base structure.
  • Graphite is a good conductor of heat and increases the thermal conductivity of cast iron and has the effect of quickly releasing the absorbed heat energy. If the C content is less than 2.0%, it will be difficult to obtain 35 W / m / K, which is a thermal conductivity equivalent to that of the current cast iron.
  • the carbon equivalent (CE C + 1 / 3Si) exceeds 4.3 to become a hypereutectic composition, and massive graphite is generated and notched in the structure. Therefore, the strength decreases, and it may be difficult to achieve a tensile strength of 250 MPa or more. Therefore, the C content is 2.0% or more and less than 3.0%.
  • Si 3.5-5.0%
  • Si is an element that increases the specific heat of cast iron. If the Si content is less than 3.5%, it is difficult to obtain a target specific heat of 600 J / kg / K. On the other hand, if the Si content exceeds 5.0%, the viscosity of the molten metal becomes high and casting becomes difficult. Therefore, the Si content is set to 3.5 to 5.0%.
  • Mn 0.5 to 2.0% Mn is mixed from raw material scrap and has the effect of strengthening the base structure. If the Mn content is less than 0.5%, such an effect is poor. On the other hand, if the content of Mn exceeds 2.0%, chilling of the base structure becomes remarkable and machinability is lowered. Therefore, the Mn content is set to 0.5 to 2.0%.
  • P 0.2% or less P improves the fluidity of the molten metal.
  • the content of P as an inevitable impurity is desirably 0.2% or less.
  • the content of S as an inevitable impurity is desirably 0.25% or less.
  • Sn and Sb In the present invention, addition of Si is indispensable for increasing the specific heat, but Si has an action of promoting ferritization. However, when the ferrite fraction is increased, the strength and wear resistance are reduced. Therefore, in the present invention, one or two elements selected from the group of Sn and Sb are selected as Sn: 0.02 to 0.2%, Sb as an element that promotes the pearlization of the base tissue and improves the strength. : Contains in a proportion of 0.01 to 0.2%.
  • the cast iron contains Cu, but Cu has a high material cost. Therefore, the present inventors have found Sn and Sb as elements that promote the formation of pearlite in the base structure in the same manner as Cu. Although Sn and Sb have a material cost of the same mass higher than that of Cu, an equivalent pearlite effect can be obtained with a content less than Cu, and as a result, the Cu content can be reduced to 1.5% or less. And cost reduction can be achieved.
  • Cu 1.5% or less
  • Sn and / or Sb as an element that obtains the same effect as Cu
  • a pearlite effect is exhibited even if the Cu content is 1.5% or less. can do.
  • the Cu content can be further reduced, and in some cases Cu may not be contained.
  • Cu is contained in a small amount in the raw material of cast iron, and it is substantially difficult to make the content 0 (zero), and about 0.01% is inevitably detected. Therefore, the lower limit of the Cu content is unavoidable, and for example, 0.01% is mentioned as the lower limit.
  • the Cu content may be set to 0 (zero).
  • Sn 0.02% to 0.2%
  • Sn is a powerful pearlite-promoting element that suppresses ferrite precipitation. By concentrating Sn in a narrow range between the graphite and the base boundary, the growth of graphite due to repeated cycles of frictional heat due to braking is suppressed, and the progress of thermal cracks is prevented. When Sn is less than 0.02%, the pearlite effect is small. On the other hand, if Sn is added in excess of 0.2%, the toughness is lowered and the toughness against heat cracks is lowered. Therefore, the Sn content is 0.02% to 0.2%.
  • Sb 0.01 to 0.2%
  • Sb is an element that suppresses the precipitation of ferrite and stabilizes pearlite.
  • Sb contributes to the improvement of the hardness of cast iron containing A-type graphite obtained to refine the graphite size in the pearlite matrix. If Sb is less than 0.01%, the contribution to improvement of the base structure, that is, stabilization of pearlite is small and insufficient. When the Sb content exceeds 0.2%, the impact value is remarkably lowered and D-type graphite is easily formed. The Sb content is 0.01% to 0.2%.
  • Cr 0.05% to 1.5%
  • Cr is an element that stabilizes carbides, densifies the structure and improves strength, and is desirably contained in an amount of 0.05% or more.
  • Cr concentrates to cementite and stabilizes pearlite. That is, Cr has the effect of suppressing the growth phenomenon and reducing the rate of change in volume due to heating and cooling.
  • Cr hardly forms a solid solution in ferrite and forms a carbide, so that the contribution to the improvement of specific heat is small.
  • the Cr content exceeds 1.5%, chill is likely to be generated in the base structure, and the machinability is lowered. Therefore, the upper limit must be 1.5%. Therefore, the Cr content is 0.05% to 1.5%.
  • Ni and Mo in order to improve the structure and properties of cast iron, one or two selected from the group of Ni and Mo are selected from Ni: 0.3 to 1.5% and Mo: 0.1 to 0.5%. It can be contained in a proportion.
  • Ni is an element that promotes graphitization and suppresses chilling to improve machinability. Furthermore, it has the effect
  • Ni is very expensive, adding a large amount leads to an increase in cost. For this reason, it is more desirable that the Ni content is 0.3% or more and 1.2% or less from the viewpoint of achieving both the above effects and cost.
  • Mo: 0.1 to 0.5% Mo is an element that stabilizes the carbide and densifies the structure to improve the strength and crack resistance. However, Mo forms a carbide that hardly dissolves in ferrite, and therefore contributes little to improving the specific heat. Therefore, the Mo content is desirably 0.1% to 0.5%.
  • the specific heat is 600 J / kg / K or more and the tensile strength is 250 MPa or more.
  • the average temperature of the brake disc is about 200 ° C.
  • the specific heat at 200 ° C. is preferably 600 J / kg / K or more.
  • the heat conductivity in 200 degreeC is 35 W / m / K or more. As a result, the absorbed thermal energy is quickly released, and the occurrence of heat cracks in the brake disk is suppressed. Further, in order to compensate for the strength that decreases with weight reduction and improve the strength of the material itself, it is desirable that the tensile strength is 250 MPa or more.
  • the cast iron of the present invention can be applied to any of flake graphite cast iron, CV graphite cast iron, and spheroidal graphite cast iron.
  • spheroidal graphite cast iron has high tensile strength because graphite is spherical, but its thermal conductivity is insufficient. Therefore, flake graphite cast iron having high thermal conductivity or CV graphite cast iron having a balance between thermal conductivity and tensile strength is suitable, and flake graphite cast iron is desirable as long as low tensile strength is allowed.
  • the area ratio of pearlite in the base tissue is 90% or more, thereby ensuring sufficient strength.
  • the area ratio of pearlite was determined by image processing from the metal structure photograph of the cross section of cast iron, (1) extracting the structure excluding graphite, (2) extracting pearlite structure excluding graphite and ferrite, Area) / (area of pearlite + ferrite).
  • high specific heat can be imparted to cast iron (particularly brake parts manufactured from cast iron) by containing 3.5 to 5.0% of Si.
  • the heat capacity is improved even with the same weight, so that the temperature rise of the sliding part due to frictional heat can be suppressed. Therefore, cast iron and parts using it can be reduced by reducing thermal expansion, reducing heat cracks, reducing thermal degradation, etc.
  • the lifespan is improved.
  • the strength is high and the weight can be reduced to the same heat capacity, the weight of the brake component can be reduced.
  • the heat load of the brake pad can be reduced by lowering the temperature of the brake pad as the counterpart material, and the components of the brake pad can be made inexpensive. .
  • Examples 1-5 have chemical components within the scope of the present invention.
  • Comparative Examples 1 to 4 chemical components that depart from the scope of the present invention are underlined.
  • the specific heat, the tensile strength, and the area ratio of pearlite are also underlined if they depart from the target range of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a graph of the results shown in Table 1.
  • Comparative Examples 1 to 4 since the C content was 3.0% or more, the tensile strength decreased to less than 250 MPa. For this reason, in order to improve the strength, the C content needs to be less than 3.0%.
  • Comparative Example 2 since the alloy elements Cr, Ni, and Mo were added, the tensile strength was improved as compared with Comparative Example 1, but it was still less than 250 MPa.
  • Comparative Example 3 in which the Si content is less than 3.5%, the specific heat is a low value. Therefore, in order to obtain a specific heat of 600 J / kg / K or more, the Si content is 3 It is necessary to be 5% or more.
  • Comparative Example 4 since Sn and / or Sb was contained as in Examples 1 to 5, a high specific heat (640 J / kg / K or more) was obtained, but the C content was 3.0. %, The tensile strength was less than 250 MPa. In Comparative Example 4, since Sn and Sb were added, the tensile strength was improved as compared with Comparative Examples 1 and 3, but it was still less than 250 MPa.
  • a pearlite ratio (perlite area ratio) of 90% or more is secured, a specific heat is 600 J / kg / K or more, and a thermal conductivity is 35 W / m / K or more.
  • the present invention is not limited to a disc-shaped brake component, and can be applied to a brake component having an arbitrary shape such as a cylindrical shape or a long plate shape.
  • the present invention can be applied to all brake components and brake devices such as brakes for transportation equipment such as automobiles, motorcycles, trains, and brakes for mechanical equipment such as presses.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Braking Arrangements (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention a pour objet : de la fonte permettant de réaliser une réduction de poids d'une pièce de frein, etc. du fait qu'elle a de hautes chaleur massique et résistance mécanique ; et une pièce de frein. La fonte selon la présente invention est obtenue à partir de, en % en masse, 2,0 % à moins de 3,0 % de C, 3,5 à 5,0 % de Si, 0,5 à 2,0 % de Mn, du Sn et/ou du Sb, Sn représentant 0,02 à 0,2 % et Sb représentant 0,01 à 0,2 %, et pas plus de 1,5 % de Cu, le reste étant du Fe et des impuretés inévitables ; et la pièce de frein selon la présente invention est fabriquée à partir de ladite fonte.
PCT/JP2015/066671 2014-07-28 2015-06-10 Fonte et pièce de frein WO2016017293A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2014-153008 2014-07-28
JP2014153008A JP6313154B2 (ja) 2014-07-28 2014-07-28 鋳鉄及びブレーキ部品

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WO2016017293A1 true WO2016017293A1 (fr) 2016-02-04

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109576567B (zh) * 2019-02-21 2020-01-14 河北兴盛机械有限公司 重型车桥主减速器壳体用球墨铸铁件的制备工艺
CN111088454B (zh) * 2019-12-04 2021-07-23 肇庆匹思通机械有限公司 一种低热膨胀系数合金铸铁的制备方法

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2003247014A (ja) * 2002-02-21 2003-09-05 Aisin Takaoka Ltd ディスクブレーキ用ロータの製造方法
JP2004257422A (ja) * 2003-02-24 2004-09-16 Aisin Takaoka Ltd ディスクブレーキ用ロータの製造方法
JP2005514519A (ja) * 2002-01-14 2005-05-19 ゲオルク　フィッシャー　ファールツォイクテヒニーク　アクチェンゲゼルシャフト ノジュラ−鋳鉄合金
JP2005220420A (ja) * 2004-02-06 2005-08-18 Hino Motors Ltd ねずみ鋳鉄材
WO2013122248A1 (fr) * 2012-02-17 2013-08-22 本田技研工業株式会社 Fonte et pièce de frein

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2005514519A (ja) * 2002-01-14 2005-05-19 ゲオルク　フィッシャー　ファールツォイクテヒニーク　アクチェンゲゼルシャフト ノジュラ−鋳鉄合金
JP2003247014A (ja) * 2002-02-21 2003-09-05 Aisin Takaoka Ltd ディスクブレーキ用ロータの製造方法
JP2004257422A (ja) * 2003-02-24 2004-09-16 Aisin Takaoka Ltd ディスクブレーキ用ロータの製造方法
JP2005220420A (ja) * 2004-02-06 2005-08-18 Hino Motors Ltd ねずみ鋳鉄材
WO2013122248A1 (fr) * 2012-02-17 2013-08-22 本田技研工業株式会社 Fonte et pièce de frein

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JP2016030843A (ja) 2016-03-07
JP6313154B2 (ja) 2018-04-18

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