WO2016015665A1 - 一种绕组式永磁耦合传动装置 - Google Patents

一种绕组式永磁耦合传动装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016015665A1
WO2016015665A1 PCT/CN2015/085565 CN2015085565W WO2016015665A1 WO 2016015665 A1 WO2016015665 A1 WO 2016015665A1 CN 2015085565 W CN2015085565 W CN 2015085565W WO 2016015665 A1 WO2016015665 A1 WO 2016015665A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
permanent magnet
winding
magnetic block
unit magnetic
rotor
Prior art date
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PCT/CN2015/085565
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
徐俊峰
漆复兴
Original Assignee
江苏磁谷科技股份有限公司
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Application filed by 江苏磁谷科技股份有限公司 filed Critical 江苏磁谷科技股份有限公司
Priority to EP15826345.9A priority Critical patent/EP3176931B1/en
Priority to RS20221097A priority patent/RS63769B1/sr
Priority to BR112017001905A priority patent/BR112017001905A2/pt
Priority to JP2017504812A priority patent/JP6513181B2/ja
Priority to AU2015295926A priority patent/AU2015295926B2/en
Priority to CA2956106A priority patent/CA2956106A1/en
Priority to US15/329,345 priority patent/US10498211B2/en
Publication of WO2016015665A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016015665A1/zh
Priority to ZA2017/01453A priority patent/ZA201701453B/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K49/00—Dynamo-electric clutches; Dynamo-electric brakes
    • H02K49/10—Dynamo-electric clutches; Dynamo-electric brakes of the permanent-magnet type
    • H02K49/104—Magnetic couplings consisting of only two coaxial rotary elements, i.e. the driving element and the driven element
    • H02K49/106—Magnetic couplings consisting of only two coaxial rotary elements, i.e. the driving element and the driven element with a radial air gap
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/223—Rotor cores with windings and permanent magnets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K49/00—Dynamo-electric clutches; Dynamo-electric brakes
    • H02K49/02—Dynamo-electric clutches; Dynamo-electric brakes of the asynchronous induction type
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K49/00—Dynamo-electric clutches; Dynamo-electric brakes
    • H02K49/06—Dynamo-electric clutches; Dynamo-electric brakes of the synchronous type
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K51/00—Dynamo-electric gears, i.e. dynamo-electric means for transmitting mechanical power from a driving shaft to a driven shaft and comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K16/00—Machines with more than one rotor or stator
    • H02K16/005—Machines with only rotors, e.g. counter-rotating rotors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K2213/00—Specific aspects, not otherwise provided for and not covered by codes H02K2201/00 - H02K2211/00
    • H02K2213/03—Machines characterised by numerical values, ranges, mathematical expressions or similar information

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of permanent magnet coupling transmission, and in particular to a winding type permanent magnet coupling transmission device.
  • the permanent magnet speed control device also called permanent magnet coupler or permanent magnet eddy current governor, etc.
  • the torque is transmitted through the air gap without mechanical contact.
  • 2 can achieve stepless speed regulation.
  • 3 light load soft start, reduce the impact of motor start on the grid.
  • 6 safe and reliable, reducing equipment maintenance and maintenance costs.
  • 7 No electromagnetic interference. More representative of this is the related products of the American Magna Drive Company (US Patent No. 5477094).
  • the basic working principle of the above-mentioned permanent magnet speed governing device is as follows: the conductor rotor disk and the permanent magnet rotor disk have relative motion.
  • the conductor rotor disk rotates and cuts the magnetic field lines in an alternating magnetic field generated by the permanent magnet rotor disk to generate an induced eddy current, which in turn generates a reverse induced magnetic field that interacts with the permanent magnetic field of the magnetic field, thereby
  • Electromagnetic torque is generated between the magnetic rotor disks.
  • the magnitude of the electromagnetic torque is reduced by adjusting the size of the air gap between the two rotor disks or by adjusting the coupling area between the two rotors for the tubular structure.
  • Chinese Patent Publication No. CN101931309A discloses an efficient transmission shaft permanent magnet coupling device comprising at least one pair of armature winding rotor disks and an armature winding plate coupling mechanism matched thereto, and at least one pair of permanent magnet rotor disks.
  • the armature winding rotor disk is installed by at least one set of armature windings and an armature winding for assembling the armature winding
  • the disk is composed of an armature winding embedded or assembled in an armature slot provided on one side of the armature winding mounting plate
  • the permanent magnet rotor disk is composed of a set of at least two permanent magnets and a permanent magnet mounting plate with permanent magnets, the permanent magnets respectively Inlaid or assembled in a permanent magnet in a staggered, evenly distributed manner with N and S polarities
  • one side of the armature winding of the armature winding rotor disk is placed on the side of the permanent magnet rotor plate with the permanent magnet, and the electromagnetic coupling is formed by the center line of the same axis, and the armature winding rotor disk and the permanent An air gap spacing is arranged between the magnetic rotor disks,
  • the patent document also discloses five specific schemes of the armature winding structure (see, for example, claim 3). Throughout all five schemes, the "end and end shorts" are formed inside the rotor disk without exception, forming "Closed loop short circuit coil".
  • the working principle is the same as that of the Magna Drive Company of the United States, except that the eddy current in the rotor disk of the conductor is "merged” into the coil of the armature winding, and the air between the armature winding rotor disk and the permanent magnet rotor disk.
  • the size of the gap spacing determines the amount of electromagnetic torque that can be transmitted between them.
  • the techniques disclosed in the prior art all regulate the magnitude of the output torque by adjusting the size of the air gap between the two rotors. Since the output torque is proportional to the load, the coupling between the transmission shafts or the transmission torque is adjusted. And the purpose of driving the load. The purpose of adjusting the air gap spacing between the rotor disks in each permanent magnet coupling assembly is thus achieved, thereby achieving the goal of adjusting the load speed.
  • the speed regulation of the permanent magnet speed control device is essentially a slip speed regulation, also called slip speed regulation.
  • the speed control principle is: change s by changing the magnitude of the output torque. When the output torque is less than the load torque, the speed will decrease, and the speed will rise.
  • there are generally two ways to change the magnitude of the output torque one is to change the magnetic flux area between the permanent magnet rotor and the conductor rotor, and the other is to change the air gap between the two; and both methods need
  • the mechanical actuator, and the mechanical actuator arrangement not only makes the structure of the transmission more complicated, but also increases the volume and improves the subsequent maintenance workload.
  • the slip power sPm is dissipated as thermal energy thereon, and therefore, the greater the speed of the permanent magnet speed regulating device, the more severe the heat is generated.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is that in the permanent magnet speed regulating device of the prior art, when the output torque is changed, the mechanical actuator needs to be set, which not only has a complicated structure, but also increases the volume and improves the subsequent maintenance workload; At the same time, there is loss of slip power.
  • the input power is constant, the larger the slip power, the smaller the output power, and the slip power is directly distributed in the form of heat energy.
  • the speed of the permanent magnet speed control device is larger, the heat is generated. The more serious, the lower the transmission efficiency of the permanent magnet speed control device and the greater the energy loss; furthermore, a winding type permanent magnet coupling transmission device with simple structure, low energy loss and high transmission efficiency is provided.
  • a winding type permanent magnet coupling transmission device of the present invention includes a permanent magnet rotor, and a winding rotor coaxial with the permanent magnet rotor and capable of relative rotation therebetween; There is an air gap between the permanent magnet rotor and the winding rotor; the winding rotor is connected with a control structure that can adjust the current/voltage of the winding rotor.
  • the control structure connects the winding rotor through a slip ring and a carbon brush.
  • the control structure includes a flow altering device that regulates current in the winding rotor.
  • the current transformer adjusts the current of the winding rotor by recovering or consuming the slip power.
  • the consumption can be consumed through the internal winding or through external consumption; the recovery can be recycled to the grid, and other electricity or energy storage equipment can be recycled.
  • the current converting device introduces a controllable electromotive force to regulate the current of the winding rotor.
  • the permanent magnet rotor includes a permanent magnet and a housing; wherein the permanent magnet includes a plurality of permanent magnet arrays that cooperate to form a radial magnetic pole, each of the permanent magnet arrays are staggered, and the permanent magnets form a single side magnetic field.
  • the permanent magnet array includes a first permanent magnet array disposed radially and a second permanent magnet array disposed circumferentially orthogonal to the first permanent magnet array.
  • the first permanent magnet array includes a first unit magnetic block and a second unit magnetic block which are disposed in pairs and spaced apart, and magnetic field directions of the first unit magnetic block and the second unit magnetic block are respectively along the The magnets are radially inward and outward;
  • the second permanent magnet array includes a pair of third spaced magnetic blocks and a fourth unit magnetic block, magnetic fields of the third and fourth unit magnetic blocks The directions are clockwise and counterclockwise tangentially along the circumference of the permanent magnet;
  • the first unit magnetic block is disposed between the adjacent third unit magnetic block and the fourth unit magnetic block,
  • the fourth unit magnetic block is disposed between the adjacent first unit magnetic block and the second unit magnetic block.
  • the permanent magnet array further includes a third permanent magnet array embedded between the first permanent magnet array and the second permanent magnet array; wherein the first permanent magnet array, the second permanent magnet array And a first angle, a second angle, and a third angle formed by the respective magnetic field directions of the third permanent magnet array and the corresponding radius respectively forming a non-obtuse angle, the first angle, the second angle, and the first The angular difference between the three angles is 45 degrees.
  • the third permanent magnet array includes a fifth unit magnetic block, a sixth unit magnetic block, a seventh unit magnetic block, and an eighth unit magnetic block which are sequentially spaced apart; wherein the fifth unit magnetic block is embedded in the first Between the three-unit magnetic block and the first unit magnetic block, the sixth unit magnetic block is embedded in the Between a unit magnetic block and the fourth unit magnetic block, the seventh unit magnetic block is embedded between the fourth unit magnetic block and the second unit magnetic block, and the eighth unit magnetic block is embedded Between the second unit magnetic block and the third unit magnetic block.
  • the winding rotor includes a core and a coil winding wound on the core in a split-slot concentrated winding manner, and a coil pitch of the coil winding is set to 1.
  • the number q of slots per phase per pole is 1/4 to 1/2.
  • the coil winding is set to a double layer winding or a single layer winding.
  • the iron core is formed as a laminated core, and a plurality of grooves for winding the coil are formed on the laminated core.
  • the iron core is set as a wound iron core, and a plurality of grooves for winding the coil are formed on the wound iron core.
  • the iron core is made of an electrical silicon steel sheet.
  • a control structure for adjusting the current/voltage of the winding rotor is connected to the winding rotor; in the winding type permanent magnet coupling transmission device of the present invention, the mechanical mechanism used in the prior art is changed.
  • the idea of adjusting the torque transmission size is skillfully, by setting the winding rotor and using the control structure of the winding rotor, adjusting the current/voltage in the winding rotor, thereby realizing the change of the transmission torque; the control structure of the present invention can be The current or voltage of the winding rotor is controlled to adjust the magnitude of the output torque of the transmission device, which does not need to be provided with a corresponding mechanical actuator, so the transmission device is simple in structure, small in size and simple in maintenance.
  • the control structure includes a flow altering device that regulates current in the winding rotor.
  • the current conversion device can adjust the current of the winding rotor by recovering or consuming the slip power, wherein the consumption can be consumed through the internal winding or through external consumption; the recovery can be recycled to the power grid, and can also be recycled.
  • Other electricity or energy storage equipment Due to the absence of the slip power loss in principle in the prior art permanent magnet governor technology The problem of heat, so there is no need to set up a radiator and a complicated air-cooled, water-cooled system.
  • the current converting device may also introduce a controllable electromotive force to adjust the current of the winding rotor, that is, the winding rotor of the present invention is connected to the control structure, and a controllable electromotive force is introduced into the control structure, so that The magnitude of the winding rotor current can be controlled, and the output torque is controlled to achieve the purpose of speed regulation; the introduction of the controllable electromotive force in the control structure necessarily forms a power transmission in the winding loop, and the power transmission is bidirectional. That is, it can be that the slip power is transmitted to the external circuit, or the power can be absorbed from the external circuit.
  • this type of speed regulation can be considered to control the output speed by controlling the magnitude and flow direction of the slip power.
  • the winding type permanent magnet coupling transmission device is installed between the fixed speed motor and the load system, and is connected with the control device and the current conversion device through the collector ring and the carbon brush, and the slip power is passed through the converter device.
  • the transformer is fed back to the grid and is fully recycled. Therefore, the efficiency of the transmission device of the invention is very high, and the efficiency can reach 95% or more regardless of the s, thereby realizing the speed regulation and energy saving in the true sense, thereby solving the existence of the permanent magnet speed regulation device in the prior art. Defects; in summary, the winding type permanent magnet coupling transmission device of the present invention has high transmission efficiency and small energy loss.
  • the permanent magnet includes a plurality of permanent magnet arrays forming radial magnetic poles; wherein each of the permanent magnet arrays is staggered between each other, and the permanent magnets form a single-sided magnetic field;
  • the permanent magnet forms a single-sided magnetic field, and the single-sided magnetic field is close to a sinusoidal distribution, thereby avoiding the chute or the oblique pole in the conventional structure, which greatly reduces the processing amount and reduces the production cost; meanwhile, the gas is improved.
  • the magnetic field density is neglected by the eccentricity caused by manufacturing.
  • the air gap magnetic flux can be increased by 41.4% (simulation calculation), thereby saving the amount of the permanent magnet, and the amplitude of the air gap magnetic dense fundamental wave can reach 1.1 ⁇ 1.4T, even higher can be 1.5 to 1.6T, the overall power density is high, and the yoke of the permanent magnet rotor can be made of a magnetic or non-magnetic material, that is, the yoke material selection degree of the permanent magnet rotor Increased and increased design flexibility.
  • each of the permanent magnet arrays includes a plurality of unit magnetic blocks, and the magnetization of each of the unit magnetic blocks changes regularly, and an air gap magnetic field close to a sinusoidal shape can be obtained without using a conventional method such as a chute. Correction of the air gap waveform (or non-uniform air gap pole piece or distributed stator armature winding) simplifies the structure and reduces manufacturing costs.
  • the winding rotor includes a core and a coil winding wound on the core in a fractional-slot concentrated winding manner, and a coil pitch of the coil winding is set to 1, and each pole per phase slot
  • the number q is 1/4 to 1/2; after the concentrated windings of the fractional slots are used, the coil of each coil winding is only wound on one tooth of the iron core, shortening the circumference of the coil and the extension length of the coil end, the coil The winding resistance is reduced, the copper consumption is reduced, the efficiency of the device is improved, the time constant is reduced, and the response rate is improved.
  • the ends of the coils are not overlapped, and the phase insulation is not required, thereby saving the insulating material and reducing the cost.
  • each coil is wound on only one tooth, which makes it easier to automate the production of a dedicated winding machine, replacing the traditional manual weaving process and improving production efficiency.
  • the winding type permanent magnet coupling transmission device can be used as a brake, and the brake is a frictionless brake, which has high working efficiency and low loss.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the winding type permanent magnet coupling transmission device described in Embodiment 1;
  • Figure 2 is a schematic view of the permanent magnet described in Embodiment 1;
  • Embodiment 3 is a schematic view of a magnetic field of the permanent magnet described in Embodiment 1;
  • Figure 5 is a schematic exploded view of the coil winding of Embodiment 1;
  • Figure 6 is a schematic view of the permanent magnet described in Embodiment 2.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a magnetic field of the permanent magnet described in Embodiment 2;
  • Figure 8 is a schematic view of the permanent magnet described in Embodiment 3.
  • Figure 9 is a schematic view of the iron core described in Embodiment 3.
  • Figure 10 is a schematic view of the winding type permanent magnet coupling transmission device in the fourth embodiment.
  • Figure 11 is a schematic view of the winding type permanent magnet coupling transmission device in the fifth embodiment.
  • Figure 12 is a schematic view of the winding type permanent magnet coupling transmission device of the sixth embodiment.
  • Reference numerals in the figures are denoted as: 1- permanent magnet; 2-first rotating shaft; 3-shell; 4-iron core; 41- Slot; 5-coil winding; 6-carbon brush; 7-collector ring; 8-second reel; 9-air gap; 10-fixed disc; 11-first permanent magnet array; 12-second permanent magnet array; 13-first unit magnetic block; 14-second unit magnetic block; 15-third unit magnetic block; 16-fourth unit magnetic block; 17-control structure; 20-third permanent magnet array; 21-fifth unit Magnetic block; 22-sixth unit magnetic block; 23-seventh unit magnetic block; 24-eighth unit magnetic block.
  • a winding type permanent magnet coupling transmission device of the embodiment includes a permanent magnet rotor, and a winding rotor coaxial with the permanent magnet rotor and capable of relative rotation therebetween; There is an air gap 9 between the permanent magnet rotor and the winding rotor; a control structure 17 for adjusting the current of the winding rotor is connected to the winding rotor; we know that the permanent magnet coupling transmission transmits
  • the size of the moment depends on the size of the air gap magnetic density (provided by the permanent magnet rotor), and also depends on the current of the conductor rotor. If the rotor current can be controlled, the output torque can be realized without a mechanical actuator. the size of;
  • control structure 17 can control the current or voltage of the winding rotor, and change the idea of adjusting the torque transmission size by using the mechanical structure in the prior art, skillfully setting the winding rotor and utilizing the winding.
  • the control structure 17 of the rotor adjusts the current/voltage in the winding rotor to achieve a change in the magnitude of the transmitted torque; the control structure of the embodiment can control the current or voltage of the winding rotor to adjust the transmission
  • the output torque of the device does not need to be provided with a corresponding mechanical actuator, so the transmission is simple in structure, small in size and simple in maintenance.
  • control structure 17 preferably connects the winding rotor through a collector ring 7 and a carbon brush 6; wherein the control structure 17 includes a current transformer and an inverter transformer, and introduces a controllable electromotive force.
  • the current of the winding rotor can be adjusted by adjusting the magnitude of the controllable electromotive force.
  • control structure 17 of the present embodiment includes a current transformer that adjusts the current in the winding rotor.
  • the current conversion device can adjust the current of the winding rotor by recovering or consuming the slip power, wherein the consumption can be consumed through the internal winding or through external consumption; the recovery can be recycled to the power grid, and can also be recycled.
  • Other electricity or energy storage equipment Since there is no problem of the slip power loss in principle in the prior art permanent magnet governor technology, there is no need to provide a radiator and a complicated air-cooled, water-cooled system.
  • the current converting device of the embodiment may also introduce a controllable electromotive force to adjust the current of the winding rotor. That is, the winding rotor of the embodiment is connected with the control device, and a controllable electromotive force is introduced into the control device and the amplitude thereof is changed, so that the magnitude of the winding rotor current can be controlled, and the output torque is controlled to achieve the speed regulation.
  • the purpose of the controllable electromotive force is to form a power transmission in the winding loop. This power transmission is bidirectional, that is, it can be the transmission of the slip power to the external circuit, or the power can be absorbed from the external circuit. .
  • this type of speed regulation can be considered to control the output speed by controlling the magnitude and flow direction of the slip power.
  • the winding type permanent magnet coupling transmission device is installed between the fixed speed motor and the load system, and is connected to the control structure 17 and the current conversion device through the collector ring 7 and the carbon brush 6, and the slip power is passed through the converter device. After returning to the grid through the inverter transformer, all recycling is obtained. Therefore, the efficiency of the transmission device of the embodiment is very high, and the efficiency can reach 95% or more regardless of the s, thereby realizing the speed regulation and energy saving in the true sense, thereby solving the existence of the permanent magnet speed regulation device in the prior art.
  • the defect of the winding type permanent magnet coupling transmission device described in this embodiment has high transmission efficiency and small energy loss.
  • the permanent magnet rotor includes a permanent magnet 1 and a housing 3; wherein the permanent magnet 1 includes a plurality of permanent magnet arrays that cooperate with each other to form a radial magnetic pole, and the respective permanent magnet arrays are staggered between each other.
  • the permanent magnet 1 forms a single-sided magnetic field.
  • the permanent magnet 1 comprises a plurality of permanent magnet arrays forming radial magnetic poles; Wherein each of the permanent magnet arrays are staggered, and the permanent magnet 1 forms a single-sided magnetic field;
  • the permanent magnet 1 of the structure forms a single-sided magnetic field, and the single-sided magnetic field is close to a sinusoidal distribution, thereby avoiding the chute or the oblique pole in the conventional structure, which greatly reduces the processing amount and reduces the production cost.
  • the air gap magnetic field density is increased, and the eccentricity caused by manufacturing is neglected.
  • the air gap magnetic flux can be increased by 41.4% (simulation calculation), thereby saving the amount of the permanent magnet 1 and the air gap magnetic dense base.
  • the amplitude can reach 1.1 to 1.4T, or even higher to 1.5 to 1.6T, and the overall power density is high, and the yoke of the permanent magnet rotor can be made of a magnetically permeable material or a non-magnetically permeable material, that is, a permanent magnet rotor.
  • the yoke material selection freedom is increased, increasing the flexibility of the design.
  • the winding type permanent magnet coupling transmission works differently than the motor.
  • the former is used to transmit or disconnect the power torque, and the latter is used to generate the power torque.
  • the air gap magnetic field density is generally not too high (generally the air gap magnetic density fundamental wave amplitude is 0.7 ⁇ 1.05T), otherwise it will easily cause magnetic saturation of the stator teeth, resulting in increased motor iron consumption, heat, Reduced efficiency, etc.
  • the permanent magnet 1 is arranged in two ways: built-in and surface-mounted.
  • the built-in type is further divided into a parallel magnetic circuit structure, a series magnetic circuit structure, and a series and parallel hybrid magnetic circuit structure.
  • the surface mount type is usually an arc-shaped or magnetic circuit structure in which the N- and S-poles of the radial magnetization are alternately distributed. Both methods can achieve an air gap magnetic-density fundamental wave amplitude of 0.7 to 1.05T.
  • the amplitude of the air gap magnetic dense fundamental wave of 0.7 ⁇ 1.05T is very low.
  • the air gap is increased for the power density.
  • the magnetic field density can be very high, and the amplitude of the air gap magnetic dense fundamental wave can be 1.1 to 1.4T, and even up to 1.5 to 1.6T.
  • the frequency of the winding rotor is sf (s is the slip ratio, f is the frequency of the rotating magnetic field), usually s is between 0.01 and 0.04, so that the winding rotor
  • the frequency of the tooth is high, so the magnetic density of the tooth portion does not have much influence on the iron loss. Therefore, the arrangement of the permanent magnet in the winding type permanent magnet coupling transmission device of the embodiment will greatly increase the power density and reduce the power density. The cost makes the winding type permanent magnet coupling transmission of this structure widely used.
  • the coil winding 5 when there is relative motion between the permanent magnet rotor and the winding rotor, that is, the rotational speed between the first rotating shaft 2 and the second rotating shaft 8 is different, the coil winding 5 is Cutting magnetic lines of force in a magnetic field generated by the permanent magnet rotor to generate an induced electromotive force when the coil is wound
  • the group 5 loop is in the connected state, an induced current is generated in the coil winding 5 at this time, and the coil winding 5 having the current is subjected to the electromagnetic force in the magnetic field generated by the permanent magnet 1 to realize the torque.
  • the coil winding 5 circuit When the coil winding 5 circuit is in the off state, the coil winding 5 has an induced potential but no induced current, so that no electromagnetic torque is generated, which is equivalent to the clutch being in a disengaged state.
  • the array of permanent magnets 1 includes a first permanent magnet array 11 disposed radially and a second permanent magnet array 12 disposed circumferentially orthogonal to the first permanent magnet array 11.
  • the first permanent magnet array 11 includes a first unit magnetic block 13 and a second unit magnetic block 14 which are disposed in pairs and spaced apart, and the first unit magnetic block 13 and the second unit magnetic block 14
  • the magnetic field directions are respectively inward and outward along a radial direction of the permanent magnet 1
  • the second permanent magnet array 12 includes a third unit magnetic block 15 and a fourth unit magnetic block 16 which are disposed in pairs and spaced apart, the first The magnetic field directions of the three-unit magnetic block 15 and the fourth unit magnetic block 16 are clockwise and counterclockwise respectively tangential to the circumference of the permanent magnet 1; wherein the first permanent magnet array 11 and the second The staggered arrangement between the permanent magnet arrays 12 satisfies the relationship that the first unit magnetic block 13 is disposed between the adjacent third unit magnetic block 15 and the fourth unit magnetic block 16, the fourth The unit magnetic block 16 is disposed between the adjacent first unit magnetic block 13 and the second unit magnetic block 14.
  • the first permanent magnet array 11 includes eight of the first unit magnetic blocks 13 and eight of the second unit magnetic blocks 14, and the second permanent The magnet array 12 includes eight of the third unit magnetic blocks 15 and eight of the fourth unit magnetic blocks 16; and the permanent magnet 1 of the above structure can obtain the magnetic line of inductance shown in FIG.
  • the magnetic field is a single-line magnetic field and a near-sinusoidal air gap magnetic field is obtained.
  • each of the permanent magnet arrays comprises a plurality of unit magnetic blocks, and the magnetization of each of the unit magnetic blocks changes regularly, and a sinusoidal air gap magnetic field can be obtained without using a conventional method such as a chute (or a diagonal pole).
  • the air gap waveform is modified by a non-uniform air gap pole piece or a distributed stator armature winding, which simplifies the structure and reduces the manufacturing cost.
  • the winding rotor includes a core 4 and a coil winding 5 wound on the core 4 in a fractional-slot concentrated winding manner, and a coil pitch of the coil winding 5 is set to After the coil winding 5 of the winding rotor adopts the fractional slot concentrated winding, on the one hand, the number of slots per phase per phase is greatly reduced compared with the conventional design, and the reduction of the number of slots greatly reduces the winding permanent magnet coupling transmission The volume of the device provides a power density.
  • the number of pole pairs of the winding rotor must be equal to the number of pole pairs of the stator.
  • the winding rotor has a minimum of 48 slots, at this time each pole.
  • the copper wire, the groove area needs to be large enough. In order to ensure that the tooth portion is not magnetically saturated, it is necessary to ensure that the tooth portion is wide enough, which inevitably increases the diameter of the winding rotor, resulting in a large volume of the entire device, which is difficult to achieve. High power density.
  • the number of slots per phase per pole can be selected between 1/4 and 1/2. Compared with the conventional design of 2 ⁇ q ⁇ 6, the slot of the winding rotor The number is only 1/8 to 1/2 of it.
  • the three-phase 16-pole 96-slot motor described above can be designed with an 18-slot and 16-pole design. In the present embodiment, the design is a 16-pole 18-slot. The reduction in the number of slots greatly reduces the size of the device and increases the power density.
  • the fractional slot concentrated winding is also used in motor design, but it has limitations. This is because the fixed speed motor is limited by the working condition to the speed requirement when designing. The speed determines the number of poles, which means that the motor is designed to select the number of poles. The time is limited, and the winding type permanent magnet slip clutch works differently from the motor. It only uses the difference between the permanent magnet rotor and the winding rotor to transmit the torque. Therefore, it has no limit on the number of poles. It can be arbitrarily selected, and it is more convenient to select the most suitable combination of the number of slots and the number of poles. Therefore, the fractional slot concentrated winding is applied to the winding permanent magnet In the slip clutch, the volume of the structural device is greatly reduced.
  • the iron core 4 is formed as a laminated core, and a plurality of grooves for winding the coil are formed on the laminated core.
  • n is preferably set to 6, that is, the number of the slots is set to eighteen.
  • the coil winding 5 is set as a double-layer winding; that is, it is set as three phases A, B, and C, and each phase has six sets of coil windings; of course, the coil winding 5 can also be set as a single Layer winding.
  • the iron core 4 is made of an electrical silicon steel sheet; and any two of the electrical silicon steel sheets are insulated; after the concentrated windings of the fractional slots are used, the coil of each coil winding 5 is only wound around On one tooth of the iron core 4, the circumference of the coil and the extension length of the coil end are shortened, the resistance of the coil winding 5 is reduced, the copper loss is reduced, the efficiency of the device is improved, and the time constant and the response rate are lowered.
  • the ends of the coils do not overlap, there is no need to provide phase insulation, which saves the insulation material and reduces the cost.
  • each coil is only wound on one tooth, which makes it easier to realize the automatic production of the special winding machine, replacing the traditional manual Inlay process to improve production efficiency.
  • the permanent magnet array in this embodiment further includes a third permanent magnet array 20 embedded between the first permanent magnet array 11 and the second permanent magnet array 12;
  • the first permanent magnet array 11, the second permanent magnet array 12, and the third permanent magnet array 20 each have a first angle, a second angle, and a second angle that form a non-obtuse angle with the corresponding radius
  • the angle between the first angle, the second angle and the third angle is 45 degrees.
  • the third permanent magnet array 20 includes a fifth unit magnetic block 21, a sixth unit magnetic block 22, a seventh unit magnetic block 23, and an eighth unit magnetic block 24 which are disposed at intervals; wherein, the fifth A unit magnetic block 21 is embedded between the third unit magnetic block 15 and the first unit magnetic block 13, and the sixth unit magnetic block 22 is embedded in the first unit magnetic block 13 and the fourth unit Between the magnetic blocks 16, the seventh unit magnetic block 23 is embedded in the fourth unit magnetic block 16 and the second unit magnetic block Between the blocks 14, the eighth unit magnetic block 24 is embedded between the second unit magnetic block 14 and the third unit magnetic block 15.
  • the first permanent magnet array 11 includes four of the first unit magnetic blocks 13 and four of the second unit magnetic blocks 14, the second permanent magnets.
  • the array 12 includes four of the third unit magnetic blocks 15 and four of the fourth unit magnetic blocks 16, the third permanent magnet array 21 including four of the fifth unit magnetic blocks 21, four of the a six-unit magnetic block 22, four said seventh unit magnetic blocks 23 and four said eighth unit magnetic blocks 24; and said permanent magnet 1 of the above structure can obtain the magnetic line of inductance shown in FIG. 7, that is, The magnetic field is a single-line magnetic field and a sinusoidal air gap magnetic field is obtained.
  • a fourth permanent magnet array in this embodiment, in which case the first permanent magnet array 11, the second permanent magnet array 12, and the third permanent magnet
  • the angle difference between the two included angles, the third included angle and the fourth included angle is 30 degrees; respectively, of course, the fourth permanent magnet array and the fifth permanent magnet array may be simultaneously disposed, and between the angles
  • the angle difference can also be set to 30 degrees.
  • more permanent magnet arrays can be inserted between the first permanent magnet array 11 and the second permanent magnet array 12, and a smaller angular variation value is inserted between the inserted permanent magnet arrays, In order to finally obtain a sinusoidal single-sided magnetic field.
  • the specific structure between the permanent magnet arrays is as shown in FIG. 8; the permanent magnet 1 of the above structure can obtain a single-sided magnetic field and obtain an air gap magnetic field close to a sinusoid.
  • the iron core 4 is a wound core, and a plurality of grooves for winding the coil are formed on the wound core.
  • n 8
  • the number of the slots is set to 24, and the specific structure is as shown in FIG.
  • the present embodiment is different from Embodiment 1 in that the winding rotor is horizontally arranged coaxially with the permanent magnet rotor, and the winding rotor is mounted on the second rotating shaft through a fixed disk 10. 8, on, as shown in Figure 10.
  • the application of the winding type permanent magnet coupling transmission device of the embodiment 1-7 is further provided.
  • the principle of the winding type permanent magnet coupling transmission device as a brake application is as follows: The permanent magnet rotor, when the coil winding 5 of the winding rotor is closed, the winding rotor is gradually braked by the second rotating shaft 8 to realize the brake function; as shown in FIG.
  • the application of the winding type permanent magnet coupling transmission device of the embodiment 1-7 is further provided.
  • the principle of the winding type permanent magnet coupling transmission device as a brake application is as follows: The winding rotor, when the coil winding 5 is closed, the permanent magnet rotor is gradually braked by the first rotating shaft 2 to realize the brake function; as shown in FIG.

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Abstract

一种绕组式永磁耦合传动装置，包括永磁转子，以及与永磁转子同轴且二者之间可发生相对转动的绕组转子，永磁转子和绕组转子之间存在有气隙（9），绕组转子连接有可对绕组转子的电流/电压进行调节的控制结构（17）；控制结构可以对绕组转子的电流或电压进行控制，从而调节该传动装置的输出转矩的大小，并不需要设置相应的机械执行机构，因此该传动装置结构简单，能量损耗小。

Description

一种绕组式永磁耦合传动装置 技术领域
本发明涉及永磁耦合传动领域，具体的涉及一种绕组式永磁耦合传动装置。
背景技术
目前，在现有技术的大型旋转机械调速方面，永磁调速装置(也有叫永磁耦合器或永磁涡流调速器等等)产品已经得到了用户的认可和好评，其主要特点为：①通过气隙传递转矩，无机械接触。②能做到无极调速。③轻载软起动，减小电机起动对电网的冲击。④隔离负载振动，减缓冲击负载对设备的伤害。⑤具有过载保护功能。⑥安全可靠，减少设备的维修率和维护费用。⑦无电磁波干扰。这其中比较有代表性的是美国麦格纳驱动公司的相关产品(美国专利NO.5477094)，上述的永磁调速装置的基本工作原理如下：导体转子盘与永磁转子盘有相对运动，导体转子盘在永磁转子盘产生的交变磁场中旋转切割磁力线，产生感应涡流，该感应涡流反过来产生反向感应磁场，该感应磁场与永磁盘磁场相互作用，从而在导体转子盘和永磁转子盘之间产生电磁转矩。通过调节两个转子盘之间的气隙大小或对于筒式的结构是通过调节两转子间的耦合面积来降低电磁转矩的大小。
另外，中国专利文献CN101931309A公开了一种高效的传动轴永磁耦合装置，其由至少一副电枢绕组转子盘和与其相适配的电枢绕组盘联轴机构、至少一副永磁转子盘和与其相适配的永磁盘联轴机构以及对应的输入联轴器和输出联轴器构成，电枢绕组转子盘由至少一组电枢绕组和用于装配电枢绕组的电枢绕组安装盘组成，电枢绕组嵌入或装配在电枢绕组安装盘一侧设置的电枢槽里，永磁转子盘由一组至少两个永磁体和装配永磁体的永磁体安装盘组成，永磁体分别以N、S极性交错地、均匀分布地镶嵌或装配在永磁 体安装盘的圆周上，电枢绕组转子盘置有电枢绕组的一侧面对于永磁转子盘置有永磁体的一侧、以同一轴中心线形成电磁耦合安装，电枢绕组转子盘与永磁转子盘之间设置有气隙间距，电枢绕组转子盘通过相适配的电枢绕组盘联轴机构与对应的输入联轴器或输出联轴器相联接，永磁转子盘通过相适配的永磁盘联轴机构与对应的输出联轴器或输入联轴器相联接。该专利文献还公开了电枢绕组结构的五种具体方案(例如参见其权利要求3)，纵观全部五种方案，无一例外地都在转子盘内部“首端和末端短接”，形成“闭环短路线圈”。工作原理与美国麦格纳驱动公司的产品是一样的，只不过是将导体转子盘中的涡流“归并”到电枢绕组线圈内，其电枢绕组转子盘与永磁转子盘之间的气隙间距的大小，决定了它们之间能传输电磁转矩的大小。也就是说现有技术公开的技术都是通过调节两转子间的气隙大小来调节输出转矩的大小，由于输出力矩与负载之间成正比关系，从而达到传动轴之间耦合或调节传输扭矩和驱动负载的目的。因此调节每个永磁耦合组件中转子盘之间的气隙间距的目的，从而实现调整负载转速的目标。
众所周知，在永磁调速技术中，永磁转子和导体转子之间都必须要有转速差的存在，否则两转子盘之间就不会有电磁转矩的产生。即输入转速n1始终大于输出转速n，则其转差率s为：s＝(n1-n)/n1，将上式变换如下：n＝n1(1-s)。显然输入转速n1对于永磁调速装置来说是没有办法改变的；从上面公式中可以看出，要想改变输出转速n，即实现调速功能，就只能改变转差率s，换句话说：永磁调速装置的调速实质是一种转差调速，也叫滑差调速。其调速原理就是：通过改变输出转矩的大小来改变s，当输出转矩小于负载转矩，转速就下降，反之转速就上升。现有技术中改变输出转矩的大小通常有两种做法：一是改变永磁转子和导体转子间的磁通面积，二是改变两者之间的气隙大小；而这两种方法都需要机械执行机构，而机械执行机构的设置不仅使得传动装置的结构更为复杂，也增加了体积，提高了后续维护工作量。
另外，现有技术中这类转差调速装置存在极大的转差功率损耗，若忽略机械损耗和杂散损耗，转差功率与输入功率的关系如下：Pm＝sPm+(1-s)Pm， 式中：Pm为输入功率，sPm为转差功率，(1-s)Pm为输出功率；从公式中可以看出：输入功率Pm不变时，当s越大，转差功率sPm也越大，输出功率(1-s)Pm就变小。在现有技术的永磁调速装置中，转差功率sPm都会作为热能在其上面散发掉，因此，当永磁调速装置调速越大发热越严重。例如：当s＝0.5(即调速50％)时，忽略机械损耗和杂散损耗，永磁调速装置的传动效率只有50％；因此，这种永磁调速装置在其工作原理上就存在传动效率低、能量损耗大的缺陷。
发明内容
为此，本发明所要解决的技术问题在于现有技术的永磁调速装置中，改变输出转矩时，需要设置机械执行机构，不仅结构复杂，且增加了体积，提高了后续维护工作量；同时，存在转差功率的损耗，在输入功率一定的情况下，转差功率越大将导致输出功率越小，且转差功率以热能形式直接散发，当永磁调速装置调速越大时发热越严重、永磁调速装置的传动效率越低、能量损耗越大；进而提供一种结构简单、能量损耗小、传动效率高的绕组式永磁耦合传动装置。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明的一种绕组式永磁耦合传动装置，其包括永磁转子，以及与所述永磁转子同轴且二者之间可发生相对转动的绕组转子；其中，所述永磁转子和所述绕组转子之间存在有气隙；所述绕组转子连接有可对所述绕组转子的电流/电压进行调节的控制结构。
所述控制结构通过集电环和碳刷连接所述绕组转子。
所述控制结构包括变流装置，所述变流装置可对所述绕组转子中的电流进行调节。
所述变流装置通过将转差功率回收或消耗调节所述绕组转子的电流。其中，消耗可以通过绕组内部消耗，也可以通过外部消耗；回收可以回收到电网，也可以回收到其他用电或储能设备。
所述变流装置引入可控电动势，调节所述绕组转子的电流。
所述永磁转子包括永磁体和壳体；其中，所述永磁体包括若干互相配合形成径向磁极的永磁体阵列，各个所述永磁体阵列之间交错布置，且所述永磁体形成单边磁场。
所述永磁体阵列包括径向设置的第一永磁体阵列和与所述第一永磁体阵列周向正交设置的第二永磁体阵列。
所述第一永磁体阵列包括成对且间隔设置的第一单元磁块和第二单元磁块，所述第一单元磁块和所述第二单元磁块的磁场方向分别为沿所述永磁体半径方向向内和向外；所述第二永磁体阵列包括成对且间隔设置的第三单元磁块和第四单元磁块，所述第三单元磁块和第四单元磁块的磁场方向分别为沿所述永磁体圆周切向的顺时针和逆时针；所述第一单元磁块设置在相邻的所述第三单元磁块和所述第四单元磁块之间，所述第四单元磁块设置在相邻的所述第一单元磁块和所述第二单元磁块之间。。
所述永磁体还包括嵌入在所述第一永磁体阵列和所述第二永磁体阵列之间的2n个永磁体阵列(n＝1，2，3……)，并且他们与所述第一和第二永磁体阵列共同作用形成单边磁场。
永磁体阵列的单元磁块的磁化强度矢量M有规律地逐渐变化，即，θm＝(1+p)θ或θm＝(1-p)θ(p＝1，2，3……)，式中的p为永磁磁极对数，θm为磁化强度矢量M与X轴的夹角，θ为通过某一扇形单元磁块中心的半径与X轴的夹角。
所述永磁体阵列还包括嵌入的所述第一永磁体阵列和所述第二永磁体阵列之间的第三永磁体阵列；其中，所述第一永磁体阵列、所述第二永磁体阵列和所述第三永磁体阵列各自的磁场方向分别与相应半径形成非钝角的第一夹角、第二夹角和第三夹角，所述第一夹角、第二夹角与所述第三夹角之间的角度差分别为45度。
所述第三永磁体阵列包括依次间隔设置的第五单元磁块、第六单元磁块、第七单元磁块和第八单元磁块；其中，所述第五单元磁块嵌入在所述第三单元磁块和所述第一单元磁块之间，所述第六单元磁块嵌入在所述第 一单元磁块和所述第四单元磁块之间，所述第七单元磁块嵌入在所述第四单元磁块和所述第二单元磁块之间，所述第八单元磁块嵌入在所述第二单元磁块和所述第三单元磁块之间。
所述绕组转子包括铁芯和以分数槽集中绕组方式缠绕在所述铁芯上的线圈绕组，且所述线圈绕组的线圈节距设为1。
每极每相槽数q为1/4～1/2。
所述线圈绕组设为双层绕组或单层绕组。
所述铁芯设为叠片铁芯，所述叠片铁芯上成型有若干个供所述线圈缠绕的槽。
所述铁芯设为卷绕铁芯，所述卷绕铁芯上成型有若干个供所述线圈缠绕的槽。
所述槽的个数设为3n(n＝1，2，3……)个。
所述铁芯采用电工硅钢片制成。
本发明的上述技术方案相比现有技术具有以下优点：
1、在本发明中，所述绕组转子上连接有可对所述绕组转子的电流/电压进行调节的控制结构；在本发明的绕组式永磁耦合传动装置中，改变现有技术中采用机械结构调整转矩传递大小的思路，巧妙地通过设置绕组转子并利用绕组转子的控制结构，对绕组转子中的电流/电压进行调节，从而实现传递转矩大小的改变；本发明的控制结构可以对所述绕组转子的电流或电压进行控制，从而来调节该传动装置的输出转矩的大小，其并不需要设置相应的机械执行机构，因此该传动装置结构简单、体积小且维护简单。
2、在本发明中，所述控制结构包括变流装置，所述变流装置可对所述绕组转子中的电流进行调节。具体地，所述变流装置可以通过将转差功率回收或消耗调节所述绕组转子的电流，其中，消耗可以通过绕组内部消耗，也可以通过外部消耗；回收可以回收到电网，也可以回收到其他用电或储能设备。由于没有了现有技术中的永磁调速器技术中原理上存在的转差功率损耗 发热的问题，这样就无需设置散热器和复杂的风冷、水冷系统。
3、在本发明中，所述变流装置也可以引入可控电动势，调节所述绕组转子的电流，即本发明的绕组转子与控制结构连接，在控制结构中引入一个可控电动势，这样就可以控制绕组转子电流的大小，也就控制了输出转矩的大小从而达到调速的目的；控制结构中可控电动势的引入必然在绕组回路中形成功率传送，这种功率传送是双向的，亦即：可以是转差功率传输到外电路中去，也可以是从外电路中吸收功率。这种调速方式从功率传送的角度来看，可以认为是用控制转差功率的大小和流向来实现对输出转速的调节。这样一来，绕组式永磁耦合传动装置安装在定速电机和负载系统之间，并通过集电环、碳刷与控制装置和变流装置相连接，转差功率通过变流装置，经过逆变变压器回馈电网，得到了全部的回收利用。因此，本发明的传动装置的效率非常高，不管s如何变化效率都能达到95％以上，从而实现了真正意义上的调速节能，进而解决了现有技术中永磁调速装置所存在的缺陷；综上可知，本发明所述的绕组式永磁耦合传动装置传动效率高、能量损耗小。
4、在本发明中，所述永磁体包括若干形成径向磁极的永磁体阵列；其中，各个所述永磁体阵列之间交错布置，且所述永磁体形成单边磁场；该种结构的所述永磁体形成了单边磁场，且该单边磁场为接近正弦分布，从而避免了传统结构中斜槽或斜极，很大程度上减少了加工量，降低了生产成本；同时，提高了气隙磁场密度，忽略制造引起的偏心影响，相对常规设计理论上可提高气隙磁通量41.4％(仿真计算)，从而节约了所述永磁体的用量，气隙磁密基波幅值可以达到1.1～1.4T，甚至更高可到1.5～1.6T，整体的功率密度高，而且所述永磁转子的轭部可以采用导磁材料或非导磁材料，即永磁转子的轭部材料选择自由度提高，增加了设计的灵活性。
5、在本发明中，每个所述永磁体阵列包括若干单元磁块，各个所述单元磁块的磁化强度呈规律变化，可获得接近正弦形的气隙磁场不需采用传统方式如斜槽(或斜极)、非均匀气隙极靴或分布式定子电枢绕组等对气隙波形进行修正，简化了结构，降低了制造费用。
6、在本发明中，所述绕组转子包括铁芯和以分数槽集中绕组方式缠绕在所述铁芯上的线圈绕组，且所述线圈绕组的线圈节距设为1，每极每相槽数q为1/4～1/2；采用分数槽集中绕组后，每个线圈绕组的线圈只缠绕在所述铁芯的一个齿上，缩短了线圈周长和线圈端部伸出长度，线圈绕组电阻减小，铜耗随之降低，提高了装置的效率，同时又能降低时间常数、提高响应速率；另外，各个线圈端部没有重叠，不必设相间绝缘，节省了绝缘材料，降低了成本；同时，每个线圈只绕在一个齿上，更容易实现专用绕线机的自动化生产，取代传统手工嵌线工艺，提高生产效率。
7、在本发明中，当固定所述永磁转子或所述绕组转子时，该绕组式永磁耦合传动装置可以作为制动器使用，且该制动器为无摩擦制动器，其工作效率高，损耗小。
附图说明
为了使本发明的内容更容易被清楚的理解，下面根据本发明的具体实施例并结合附图，对本发明作进一步详细的说明，其中
图1是实施例1中所述绕组式永磁耦合传动装置示意图；
图2是实施例1中所述永磁体示意图；
图3是实施例1中所述永磁体的磁场示意图；
图4是实施例1中所述铁芯示意图；
图5是实施例1中所述线圈绕组展开示意图；
图6是实施例2中所述永磁体示意图；
图7是实施例2中所述永磁体的磁场示意图；
图8是实施例3中所述永磁体示意图；
图9是实施例3中所述铁芯示意图；
图10是实施例4中所述绕组式永磁耦合传动装置示意图；
图11是实施例5中所述绕组式永磁耦合传动装置示意图；
图12是实施例6中所述绕组式永磁耦合传动装置示意图。
图中附图标记表示为：1-永磁体；2-第一转轴；3-壳体；4-铁芯；41- 槽；5-线圈绕组；6-碳刷；7-集电环；8-第二转轴；9-气隙；10-固定盘；11-第一永磁体阵列；12-第二永磁体阵列；13-第一单元磁块；14-第二单元磁块；15-第三单元磁块；16-第四单元磁块；17-控制结构；20-第三永磁体阵列；21-第五单元磁块；22-第六单元磁块；23-第七单元磁块；24-第八单元磁块。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式进行详细说明。应当理解的是，此处所描述的具体实施方式仅用于说明和解释本发明，并不用于限制本发明。
实施例1
如图1-6所示，本实施例的一种绕组式永磁耦合传动装置，其包括永磁转子，以及与所述永磁转子同轴且二者之间可发生相对转动的绕组转子；其中所述永磁转子和所述绕组转子之间存在有气隙9；所述绕组转子上连接有可对所述绕组转子的电流进行调节的控制结构17；我们知道永磁耦合传动装置传递转矩的大小除了取决于(永磁转子提供)气隙磁密的大小之外，还取决于导体转子电流的大小，如果能控制导体转子电流的大小，不需要机械执行机构就能实现输出转矩的大小；
而在本实施例中，所述控制结构17可以对所述绕组转子的电流或电压进行控制，改变现有技术中采用机械结构调整转矩传递大小的思路，巧妙地通过设置绕组转子并利用绕组转子的控制结构17，对绕组转子中的电流/电压进行调节，从而实现传递转矩大小的改变；本实施例的控制结构可以对所述绕组转子的电流或电压进行控制，从而来调节该传动装置的输出转矩的大小，其并不需要设置相应的机械执行机构，因此该传动装置结构简单、体积小且维护简单。
具体地，本实施例优选所述控制结构17通过集电环7和碳刷6连接所述绕组转子；其中，所述控制结构17包括变流装置和逆变变压器，并引入有可控电动势，调节所述可控电动势的幅值即可调节所述绕组转子的电流。
进一步，本实施例的所述控制结构17包括变流装置，所述变流装置可对所述绕组转子中的电流进行调节。具体地，所述变流装置可以通过将转差功率回收或消耗调节所述绕组转子的电流，其中，消耗可以通过绕组内部消耗，也可以通过外部消耗；回收可以回收到电网，也可以回收到其他用电或储能设备。由于没有了现有技术中的永磁调速器技术中原理上存在的转差功率损耗发热的问题，这样就无需设置散热器和复杂的风冷、水冷系统。
在上述实施例的基础上，本实施例的所述变流装置也可以引入可控电动势，调节所述绕组转子的电流。即本实施例的绕组转子与控制装置连接，在控制装置中引入一个可控电动势并改变其幅值，这样就可以控制绕组转子电流的大小，也就控制了输出转矩的大小从而达到调速的目的；而可控电动势的引入必然在绕组回路中形成功率传送，这种功率传送是双向的，亦即：可以是转差功率传输到外电路中去，也可以是从外电路中吸收功率。这种调速方式从功率传送的角度来看，可以认为是用控制转差功率的大小和流向来实现对输出转速的调节。这样一来，绕组式永磁耦合传动装置安装在定速电机和负载系统之间，并通过集电环7、碳刷6与控制结构17和变流装置相连接，转差功率通过变流装置，经过逆变变压器回馈电网，得到了全部的回收利用。因此，本实施例的传动装置的效率非常高，不管s如何变化效率都能达到95％以上，从而实现了真正意义上的调速节能，进而解决了现有技术中永磁调速装置所存在的缺陷；综上可知，本实施例所述的绕组式永磁耦合传动装置传动效率高、能量损耗小。
具体地，所述永磁转子包括永磁体1和壳体3；其中，所述永磁体1包括若干互相配合形成径向磁极的永磁体阵列，各个所述永磁体阵列之间交错布置，且所述永磁体1形成单边磁场。即在本实施例中，在本发明中，只需要所述绕组转子的线圈绕组回路闭合，且安装所述永磁转子的第一转轴和安装所述绕组转子的第二转轴同向旋转、转速不同，就可以产生电磁转矩，从而用非常简便、可靠、价格低廉的方法实现了有效的转矩传递；同时在本发明中，所述永磁体1包括若干形成径向磁极的永磁体阵列；其中，各个所述永磁体阵列之间交错布置，且所述永磁体1形成单边磁场； 该种结构的所述永磁体1形成了单边磁场，且该单边磁场为接近正弦分布，从而避免了传统结构中斜槽或斜极，很大程度上减少了加工量，降低了生产成本；同时，提高了气隙磁场密度，忽略制造引起的偏心影响，相对常规设计理论上可提高气隙磁通量41.4％(仿真计算)，从而节约了所述永磁体1的用量，气隙磁密基波幅值可以达到1.1～1.4T，甚至更高可到1.5～1.6T，整体的功率密度高，而且所述永磁转子的轭部可以采用导磁材料或非导磁材料，即永磁转子的轭部材料选择自由度提高，增加了设计的灵活性。
绕组式永磁耦合传动装置的工作方式不同于电机的工作方式，前者是用来传递或断开动力转矩的，后者是用来产生动力转矩的。众所周知，对于电机，一般来说气隙磁场密度不能太高(一般气隙磁密基波幅值取0.7～1.05T)，否则容易引起定子齿部磁密饱和，导致电机铁耗增加、发热、效率降低等。通常对于电机的常规设计，永磁体1布置方式分为两种：内置式和表贴式。内置式又分为并联磁路结构、串联磁路结构和串、并联混合式磁路结构。表贴式通常就是一种弧形或称为瓦片式径向充磁的N、S极交替分布的磁路结构，这两种方式都能达到气隙磁密基波幅值0.7～1.05T的要求；然而对于绕组式永磁耦合传动装置来说0.7～1.05T的气隙磁密基波幅值是很低的，对于绕组式永磁耦合传动装置来说，为了提高功率密度其气隙磁场密度可以取很高，气隙磁密基波幅值可以取1.1～1.4T，甚至最高可到1.5～1.6T。这是因为永磁转子和绕组转子之间的转速差很小，绕组转子的频率为sf(s为转差率，f为旋转磁场的频率)，通常s在0.01～0.04之间，这样绕组转子的频率就很低，所以其齿部磁密高对铁耗没有多大影响，因此，本实施例绕组式永磁耦合传动装置中的这种永磁体排布方式将大大提高其功率密度，并降低成本，使得该种结构的绕组式永磁耦合传动装置可以得到广泛运用。
在本实施例中，当所述永磁转子和所述绕组转子之间有相对运动时，即所述第一转轴2和所述第二转轴8之间转速不同，则所述线圈绕组5就会在所述永磁转子产生的磁场中切割磁力线产生感应电动势，当所述线圈绕 组5回路处于联通状态时，则此时线圈绕组5内就会产生感应电流，有电流的所述线圈绕组5在所述永磁体1产生的磁场中就会受到电磁力的作用从而实现转矩的传递，当线圈绕组5回路处于断开状态时，线圈绕组5内虽然有感应电势但没有感应电流，因而不会产生电磁转矩，相当于离合器处于分离状态。
所述永磁体1阵列包括径向设置的第一永磁体阵列11和与所述第一永磁体阵列11周向正交设置的第二永磁体阵列12。
具体的，所述第一永磁体阵列11包括成对且间隔设置的第一单元磁块13和第二单元磁块14，所述第一单元磁块13和所述第二单元磁块14的磁场方向分别为沿所述永磁体1半径方向向内和向外；所述第二永磁体阵列12包括成对且间隔设置的第三单元磁块15和第四单元磁块16，所述第三单元磁块15和所述第四单元磁块16的磁场方向分别为沿所述永磁体1圆周切向的顺时针和逆时针；其中，所述第一永磁体阵列11和所述第二永磁体阵列12之间的交错布置满足如下关系：所述第一单元磁块13设置在相邻的所述第三单元磁块15和所述第四单元磁块16之间，所述第四单元磁块16设置在相邻的所述第一单元磁块13和所述第二单元磁块14之间。
在本实施例中，如图2所示，优选所述第一永磁体阵列11包括八个所述第一单元磁块13和八个所述第二单元磁块14，而所述第二永磁体阵列12包括八个所述第三单元磁块15和八个所述第四单元磁块16；而上述结构的而该所述永磁体1可以得到图3所示的磁感线，即该磁场为单线磁场，并获得接近正弦的气隙磁场。
所述永磁体1还包括嵌入在所述第一永磁体阵列(11)和所述第二永磁体阵列(12)之间的2n个永磁体阵列(n＝1，2，3……)，并且他们与所述第一和第二永磁体阵列共同作用形成单边磁场；其中，永磁体阵列的单元磁块的磁化强度矢量M有规律地逐渐变化，即，θm＝(1+p)θ或θm＝(1-p)θ(p＝1，2，3……)，式中的p为永磁磁极对数，θm为磁化强度矢量M与X轴的夹角，θ为通过某一扇形单元磁块中心的半径与X轴的夹角。在本实 施例中，每个所述永磁体阵列包括若干单元磁块，各个所述单元磁块的磁化强度呈规律变化，可获得正弦形的气隙磁场不需采用传统方式如斜槽(或斜极)、非均匀气隙极靴或分布式定子电枢绕组等对气隙波形进行修正，简化了结构，降低了制造费用。
进一步，在上述实施例的基础上，所述绕组转子包括铁芯4和以分数槽集中绕组方式缠绕在所述铁芯4上的线圈绕组5，且所述线圈绕组5的线圈节距设为一；所述绕组转子的线圈绕组5采用分数槽集中绕组后，一方面每相每级槽数相对于常规设计大大减小，而槽数的减少极大的缩小了该绕组式永磁耦合传动装置的体积，从而提供了功率密度。
在电机学理论中，绕组转子的极对数必须与定子的极对数相等，按常规分布绕组设计，例如三相16极电机的设计，绕组转子冲片最少得48个槽子，此时每极每相槽数q＝1，按交流电机理论，为改善电动势波形，一般规定2≤q≤6，因此三相16极电机的理想设计至少得96个槽(q＝2)，为了保证放置足够的铜线，槽面积还需足够大，为了保证齿部磁密不过于饱和，还需保证齿部足够宽，这就必然要加大绕组转子的直径，导致整个装置的体积大，难以做到高功率密度。
绕组转子的线圈分布采用分数槽集中绕组后，每极每相槽数q可在1/4～1/2之间选取，与常规设计的2≤q≤6相比，绕组转子的冲片槽数只有它的1/8～1/2，例如上文所述的三相16极96槽的电机，就可以采用18槽16极的设计。而在本实施例中，设计的就是16极18槽。槽数的减少极大的缩小了装置的体积，提高了功率密度。
分数槽集中绕组在电机设计中也有应用，但有局限性，这是因为定速电机在设计的时候会受到工况对转速要求的限制，转速决定极数，也就是说电机设计在选择极数时会受到限制，而绕组式永磁转差离合器的工作方式与电机是不同的，它只是利用永磁转子与绕组转子间的转速差来传递转矩，因此，它本身对极数是没有限制的，可以任意选取，可以更方便地选择最合适的槽数和极数的组合。所以，分数槽集中绕组应用到绕组式永磁 转差离合器中，大幅度地缩小结构装置的体积。
具体地，如图4所示，所述铁芯4设为叠片铁芯，所述叠片铁芯上成型有若干供所述线圈缠绕的槽。所述槽的个数设为3n(n＝1，2，3……)个。本实施例采用三相绕组Y形接法，优选将n设为6，即所述槽的个数设为十八个。同时，由图5所示，优选所述线圈绕组5设为双层绕组；即设为A、B、C三相，每相具有六组线圈绕组；当然所述线圈绕组5也可以设为单层绕组。
本实施例中，优选所述铁芯4采用电工硅钢片制成；且任意两个所述电工硅钢片之间绝缘；采用分数槽集中绕组后，每个线圈绕组5的线圈只缠绕在所述铁芯4的一个齿上，短了线圈周长和线圈端部伸出长度，线圈绕组5电阻减小，铜耗随之降低，提高了装置的效率，同时又能降低时间常数、提高响应速率；另外，各个线圈端部没有重叠，不必设相间绝缘，节省了绝缘材料，降低了成本；同时，每个线圈只绕在一个齿上，更容易实现专用绕线机的自动化生产，取代传统手工嵌线工艺，提高生产效率。
实施例2
作为可变换的实施方式，本实施例与实施例1的不同之处在于：
在实施例1的基础上，本实施例中的所述永磁体阵列还包括嵌入的所述第一永磁体阵列11和所述第二永磁体阵列12之间的第三永磁体阵列20；其中，所述第一永磁体阵列11、所述第二永磁体阵列12和所述第三永磁体阵列20各自的磁场方向分别与相应半径形成非钝角的第一夹角、第二夹角和第三夹角，所述第一夹角、第二夹角与所述第三夹角之间的角度差分别为45度。
具体地，所述第三永磁体阵列20包括依次间隔设置的第五单元磁块21、第六单元磁块22、第七单元磁块23和第八单元磁块24；其中，所述第五单元磁块21嵌入在所述第三单元磁块15和所述第一单元磁块13之间，所述第六单元磁块22嵌入在所述第一单元磁块13和所述第四单元磁块16之间，所述第七单元磁块23嵌入在所述第四单元磁块16和所述第二单元磁 块14之间，所述第八单元磁块24嵌入在所述第二单元磁块14和所述第三单元磁块15之间。
在本实施例中，如图6所示，优选所述第一永磁体阵列11包括四个所述第一单元磁块13和四个所述第二单元磁块14，所述第二永磁体阵列12包括四个所述第三单元磁块15和四个所述第四单元磁块16，所述第三永磁体阵列21包括四个所述第五单元磁块21、四个所述第六单元磁块22、四个所述第七单元磁块23和四个所述第八单元磁块24；而上述结构的所述永磁体1可以得到图7所示的磁感线，即该磁场为单线磁场，并获得正弦形的气隙磁场。
当然，还可以在本实施例中设置更多个永磁体阵列，如第四永磁体阵列，此时所述第一永磁体阵列11、所述第二永磁体阵列12、所述第三永磁体阵列20和所述第四永磁体阵列各自的磁场方向分别与相应半径形成非钝角的第一夹角、第二夹角、第三夹角和第四夹角，所述第一夹角、第二夹角、所述第三夹角和第四夹角之间的角度差分别为30度；当然，还可以同时设置第四永磁体阵列和第五永磁体阵列，而且各夹角之间的角度差也可设为30度。
作为可变换的实施例形式，可以在所述第一永磁铁阵列11和第二永磁铁阵列12之间插入更多的永磁铁阵列，并且插入永磁铁阵列之间有更小的角度变化值，以最终获得正弦形的单边磁场。
实施例3
作为可变换的实施方式，本实施例与实施例1的不同之处在于：
在本实施例中，永磁体阵列之间的具体结构如图8所示；上述结构的所述永磁体1可以得到单面磁场，并获得接近正弦的气隙磁场。
进一步，在本实施例中，所述铁芯4设为卷绕铁芯，所述卷绕铁芯上成型有若干供所述线圈缠绕的槽。所述槽的个数设为3n(n＝1，2，3……)个。本实施例中，优选将n设为8，即所述槽的个数设为为24个，具体结构如图9所示。
实施例4
作为可变换的实施方式，本实施例与实施例1的不同之处在于：所述绕组转子与所述永磁转子同轴水平布置，所述绕组转子通过固定盘10安装在所述第二转轴8上，如图10所示。
实施例5
在实施例1-6的基础上，进一步提供一种实施例1-7所述的绕组式永磁耦合传动装置的应用，该绕组式永磁耦合传动装置作为制动器应用的原理如下：固定所述永磁转子，所述绕组转子的线圈绕组5回路闭合时，所述绕组转子的在第二转轴8的带动下逐步制动，实现制动器功能；如图11所示。
实施例6
在实施例1-6的基础上，进一步提供一种实施例1-7所述的绕组式永磁耦合传动装置的应用，该绕组式永磁耦合传动装置作为制动器应用的原理如下：固定所述绕组转子，所述线圈绕组5回路闭合时，所述永磁转子在第一转轴2的带动下逐步制动，实现制动器功能；如图12所示。
显然，上述实施例仅仅是为清楚地说明所作的举例，而并非对实施方式的限定。对于所属领域的普通技术人员来说，在上述说明的基础上还可以做出其它不同形式的变化或变动。这里无需也无法对所有的实施方式予以穷举。而由此所引伸出的显而易见的变化或变动仍处于本发明创造的保护范围之中。

Claims (18)

  1. 一种绕组式永磁耦合传动装置，其包括永磁转子，以及与所述永磁转子同轴且二者之间可发生相对转动的绕组转子；其中，所述永磁转子和所述绕组转子之间存在有气隙(9)；其特征在于：所述绕组转子连接有可对所述绕组转子的电流/电压进行调节的控制结构(17)。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种绕组式永磁耦合传动装置，其特征在于：所述控制结构(17)通过集电环(7)和碳刷(6)连接所述绕组转子。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种绕组式永磁耦合传动装置，其特征在于：其中，所述控制结构(17)包括变流装置，所述变流装置可对所述绕组转子中的电流进行调节。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的一种绕组式永磁耦合传动装置，其特征在于：所述变流装置通过将转差功率回收或消耗调节所述绕组转子的电流。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的一种绕组式永磁耦合传动装置，其特征在于：所述变流装置引入可控电动势，调节所述绕组转子的电流。
  6. 根据权利要求1-5中任一项所述的绕组式永磁耦合传动装置，其特征在于：所述永磁转子包括永磁体(1)和壳体(3)；其中，所述永磁体(1)包括若干互相配合形成径向磁极的永磁体阵列，各个所述永磁体阵列之间交错布置，且所述永磁体(1)形成单边磁场。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的一种绕组式永磁耦合传动装置，其特征在于：所述永磁体阵列包括径向设置的第一永磁体阵列(11)和与所述第一永磁体阵列(11)周向正交设置的第二永磁体阵列(12)。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的一种绕组式永磁耦合传动装置，其特征在于：所述第一永磁体阵列(11)包括成对且间隔设置的第一单元磁块(13)和第 二单元磁块(14)，所述第一单元磁块(13)和所述第二单元磁块(14)的磁场方向分别为沿所述永磁体(1)半径方向向内和向外；所述第二永磁体阵列(12)包括成对且间隔设置的第三单元磁块(15)和第四单元磁块(16)，所述第三单元磁块(15)和第四单元磁块(16)的磁场方向分别为沿所述永磁体(1)圆周切向的顺时针和逆时针；所述第一单元磁块(13)设置在相邻的所述第三单元磁块(15)和所述第四单元磁块(16)之间，所述第四单元磁块(16)设置在相邻的所述第一单元磁块(13)和所述第二单元磁块(14)之间。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的一种绕组式永磁耦合传动装置，其特征在于：所述永磁体(1)还包括嵌入在所述第一永磁体阵列(11)和所述第二永磁体阵列(12)之间的2n个永磁体阵列(n＝1，2，3……)，并且他们与所述第一和第二永磁体阵列共同作用形成单边磁场。
  10. 根据权利要求8所述的一种绕组式永磁耦合传动装置，其特征在于：所述永磁体阵列还包括嵌入在所述第一永磁体阵列(11)和所述第二永磁体阵列(12)之间的第三永磁体阵列(20)；其中，所述第一永磁体阵列(11)、所述第二永磁体阵列(12)和所述第三永磁体阵列(20)各自的磁场方向分别与相应半径形成非钝角的第一夹角、第二夹角和第三夹角，所述第一夹角、第二夹角与所述第三夹角之间的角度差分别为45度。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的一种绕组式永磁耦合传动装置，其特征在于：所述第三永磁体阵列(20)包括依次间隔设置的第五单元磁块(21)、第六单元磁块(22)、第七单元磁块(23)和第八单元磁块(24)；其中，所述第五单元磁块(21)嵌入在所述第三单元磁块(15)和所述第一单元磁块(13)之间，所述第六单元磁块(22)嵌入在所述第一单元磁块(13)和所述第四单元磁块(16)之间，所述第七单元磁块(23)嵌入在所述第四单元磁块(16)和所述第二单元磁块(14)之间，所述第八单元磁块(24)嵌入在所述第二单元磁块(14)和所述第三单元磁块(15)之间。
  12. 根据权利要求1-11中任一项所述的一种绕组式永磁耦合传动装置，其特征在于：所述绕组转子包括铁芯(4)和以分数槽集中绕组方式缠绕在所述铁芯(4)上的线圈绕组(5)，且所述线圈绕组(5)的线圈节距设为1。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的一种绕组式永磁耦合传动装置，其特征在于：每极每相槽数q为1/4～1/2。
  14. 根据权利要求12所述的一种绕组式永磁耦合传动装置，其特征在于：所述线圈绕组(5)设为双层绕组或单层绕组。
  15. 根据权利要求12所述的一种绕组式永磁耦合传动装置，其特征在于：所述铁芯(4)设为叠片铁芯，所述叠片铁芯上成型有若干供所述线圈缠绕的槽。
  16. 根据权利要求12所述的一种绕组式永磁耦合传动装置，其特征在于：所述铁芯(4)设为卷绕铁芯，所述卷绕铁芯上成型有若干供所述线圈缠绕的槽。
  17. 根据权利要求15或16所述的一种绕组式永磁耦合传动装置，其特征在于：所述槽的个数设为3n(n＝1，2，3……)个。
  18. 根据权利要求12所述的一种绕组式永磁耦合传动装置，其特征在于：所述铁芯(4)采用电工硅钢片制成。
PCT/CN2015/085565 2014-07-30 2015-07-30 一种绕组式永磁耦合传动装置 WO2016015665A1 (zh)

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US10498211B2 (en) 2019-12-03
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