WO2016002144A1 - 立体ディスプレイ - Google Patents
立体ディスプレイ Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2016002144A1 WO2016002144A1 PCT/JP2015/002987 JP2015002987W WO2016002144A1 WO 2016002144 A1 WO2016002144 A1 WO 2016002144A1 JP 2015002987 W JP2015002987 W JP 2015002987W WO 2016002144 A1 WO2016002144 A1 WO 2016002144A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- light
- diffusion layer
- controller
- generator
- light beam
- Prior art date
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B30/00—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
- H04N13/30—Image reproducers
- H04N13/302—Image reproducers for viewing without the aid of special glasses, i.e. using autostereoscopic displays
- H04N13/32—Image reproducers for viewing without the aid of special glasses, i.e. using autostereoscopic displays using arrays of controllable light sources; using moving apertures or moving light sources
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B30/00—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images
- G02B30/50—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images the image being built up from image elements distributed over a 3D volume, e.g. voxels
- G02B30/54—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images the image being built up from image elements distributed over a 3D volume, e.g. voxels the 3D volume being generated by moving a 2D surface, e.g. by vibrating or rotating the 2D surface
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B30/00—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images
- G02B30/50—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images the image being built up from image elements distributed over a 3D volume, e.g. voxels
- G02B30/56—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images the image being built up from image elements distributed over a 3D volume, e.g. voxels by projecting aerial or floating images
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
- G03B35/00—Stereoscopic photography
- G03B35/16—Stereoscopic photography by sequential viewing
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
- H04N13/30—Image reproducers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
- H04N13/30—Image reproducers
- H04N13/366—Image reproducers using viewer tracking
- H04N13/383—Image reproducers using viewer tracking for tracking with gaze detection, i.e. detecting the lines of sight of the viewer's eyes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
- H04N13/30—Image reproducers
- H04N13/398—Synchronisation thereof; Control thereof
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a stereoscopic display for presenting a stereoscopic image.
- a stereoscopic display that present stereoscopic images have been developed (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
- a stereoscopic display generally, a stereoscopic image is presented in a space such as in front of or above a screen.
- the three-dimensional display described in Patent Document 1 has a cone-shaped light controller.
- the light beam controller is arranged such that the bottom of the cone shape opens on the reference plane.
- a turntable to which a plurality of scanning projectors are fixed is provided below the reference plane.
- Each scanning projector irradiates the outer peripheral surface of the light beam controller with a light beam group composed of a plurality of light beams from the outside of the light beam controller while rotating on a turntable around the rotation axis.
- the light beam controller transmits each light beam emitted from each scanning projector without diffusing in the circumferential direction. Thereby, a three-dimensional image is displayed above and inside the cone-shaped light controller.
- each scanning projector emits so that a three-dimensional image is displayed when an observer looks above and inside the light controller from a position around the light controller.
- the power ray group is calculated by the control unit. This calculation is performed using a number of parameters such as the position of the observer's viewpoint, the position of each scanning projector, and the position of the light beam controller. The larger the number of such parameters, the more complicated the calculation for displaying a stereoscopic image accurately. Therefore, a stereoscopic display that can more easily display an accurate stereoscopic image is desired.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a stereoscopic display capable of easily displaying an accurate stereoscopic image.
- a three-dimensional display is a three-dimensional display for presenting a three-dimensional image based on three-dimensional shape data, and a light generator that emits a light beam group composed of a plurality of light beams and light stacked on each other.
- a light beam controller including a transmission diffusion layer and a light reflection layer, a rotation mechanism that rotates the light beam controller around the rotation center axis, and a control unit that controls the light beam generator.
- the diffusion layer is disposed so as to be positioned between the rotation center axis and the light reflection layer, and the light generator emits a light beam toward the light transmission diffusion layer of the light controller rotated by the rotation mechanism.
- the light transmission diffusion layer is formed so as to diffuse and transmit the incident light group in the vertical direction
- the light reflection layer is formed so as to reflect the light group transmitted through the light transmission diffusion layer.
- Part is solid shape data Based on, for controlling the light beam generator to the three-dimensional image is presented by being reflected group of rays transmitted through the light transmission diffusion layer by the light reflecting layer.
- the light beam controller is arranged so that the light transmission diffusion layer is positioned between the rotation center axis and the light reflection layer.
- a light beam generator emits a light beam group composed of a plurality of light beams toward a light transmission diffusion layer of a light beam controller rotated by a rotation mechanism.
- the light transmission diffusion layer transmits the light beam emitted from the light generator and diffuses it in the vertical direction.
- the light reflection layer reflects a group of light rays that have passed through the light transmission diffusion layer.
- the light transmission diffusion layer further diffuses and transmits the light beam reflected by the light reflection layer in the vertical direction.
- the light generator is controlled by the control unit based on the three-dimensional shape data so that a three-dimensional image is presented by a group of light beams reflected by the light reflection layer and transmitted through the light transmission diffusion layer.
- the observer who observed the light ray group reflected by the light reflection layer and transmitted through the light transmission diffusion layer can visually recognize the stereoscopic image.
- the light transmission diffusion layer and the light reflection layer of the light control element are laminated with each other, there is no light path between the light transmission diffusion layer and the light reflection layer. Therefore, in the calculation of the light beam group to be emitted by the light generator, the positional relationship between the light transmission diffusion layer and the light reflection layer can be excluded from the variation parameter. Thereby, the calculation process of the light ray group is simplified. Moreover, a light control element can be easily manufactured by laminating
- the rotation mechanism may rotate the light generator together with the light controller around the rotation center axis.
- the light generator can emit a light beam toward the light transmission diffusion layer of the light controller rotating with a simple configuration.
- a plurality of light controllers are provided, and a plurality of light generators are provided corresponding to the plurality of light controllers, respectively, and the plurality of light generators emit light beams toward the corresponding light controllers. May be provided.
- the plurality of light beam controllers and the plurality of light beam generators may be arranged at equiangular intervals around the rotation center axis.
- the rotation of the plurality of light controllers and the plurality of light generators by the rotation mechanism can be further stabilized.
- the light generator can be more easily controlled by the control unit.
- the light generator is arranged so as to emit a light group in the direction of the rotation center axis, and further includes a mirror that reflects the light group emitted by the light generator toward the light controller, and the rotation mechanism. May rotate the mirror around the rotation center axis together with the light controller.
- the light beam is emitted to the light transmission diffusion layer of the rotating light controller through the rotating mirror.
- the light generator can emit a light group toward the light transmission diffusion layer of the light controller rotating with a simple configuration.
- the stereoscopic display may further include a detection unit that detects the position of the eyes of the observer, and the control unit may control the light generator based on the position of the eyes detected by the detection unit.
- the light generator is controlled based on the position of the eye detected by the detection unit, thereby preventing the deformation of the stereoscopic image due to the position of the eye of the observer.
- the control unit may control the color of light emitted from the light generator to the light controller for each rotational position of the light controller.
- a plurality of point light sources each having a color at the intersection of a plurality of light beams controlled for each rotation position of the light beam controller are generated. Accordingly, it is possible to present a color stereoscopic image with small flicker and high time resolution.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a three-dimensional display according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic plan view of the stereoscopic display of FIG.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining the configuration and function of the light beam controller in the three-dimensional display of FIG.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic plan view for explaining the operation of the light generator.
- FIG. 5 is an enlarged plan view of the vicinity of the light beam controller of FIG.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic plan view for explaining a method for presenting a stereoscopic image.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view for explaining a stereoscopic image presentation method.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a three-dimensional display according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic plan view of the stereoscopic display of FIG.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining the configuration and function of the light beam controller in the three-dimensional display of FIG.
- FIG. 8 is a schematic plan view for explaining the principle of generation of binocular parallax in the stereoscopic display according to the present embodiment.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram for explaining correction of the light beam group when the observer's eyes are out of the annular viewing zone.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram illustrating a configuration of a stereoscopic display according to the first modification.
- FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram illustrating a configuration of a stereoscopic display according to a second modification.
- FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram illustrating a configuration of a stereoscopic display according to a third modification.
- FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram illustrating a configuration of a stereoscopic display according to a fourth modification.
- FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram illustrating a configuration of a stereoscopic display according to a fifth modification.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a stereoscopic display according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic plan view of the stereoscopic display of FIG.
- the three-dimensional display includes one or more light generators 2, a control device 3, a storage device 4, a rotation module 6, one or more light control elements 7, and a plurality of cameras 8.
- the control device 3 is composed of a personal computer, for example.
- the storage device 4 includes, for example, a hard disk, a memory card, and the like.
- the storage device 4 stores stereoscopic shape data for presenting the stereoscopic image 300.
- the table 5 includes a circular top plate 51 and a plurality of legs 52.
- the top plate 51 has a circular hole 51h at the center.
- the shape of the hole 51h is not limited to a circle, and may be a polygon such as a triangle or a quadrangle, an ellipse, or other shapes.
- a transparent plate may be fitted into the hole 51 h of the table 5. An observer 10 around the table 5 can observe the vicinity of the center of the top plate 51 from obliquely above the top plate 51 of the table 5.
- the rotation module 6 includes a motor 61, a rotation shaft 62, a turntable 63, a signal transmission device 64, and a rotation amount measuring device 65.
- the rotating shaft 62 extends in the vertical direction and is attached to the motor 61 so as to be positioned on a common straight line with the central axis Z of the top plate 51.
- the rotary base 63 is attached to the rotary shaft 62 in a horizontal posture.
- a signal transmission device 64 is provided between the rotary shaft 62 and the rotary base 63.
- the signal transmission device 64 is a device for transmitting electric power or a signal between a stationary body and a rotating body.
- a slip ring or an optical rotary joint can be used as the signal transmission device 64.
- the rotation shaft 62 is provided with a rotation amount measuring device 65.
- the rotation amount measuring device 65 is used to detect the rotation position of the rotation shaft 62.
- As the rotation amount measuring device 65 for example, a rotary encoder or the like can be used.
- the motor 61 is controlled by the control device 3. When the motor 61 is a mechanism capable of strictly controlling the rotation amount such as a stepping motor, the rotation amount measuring device 65 is not necessarily required.
- one or more light generators 2 are fixed, and one or more light controllers 7 are fixed.
- a plurality of light generators 2 and a plurality of light controllers 7 are fixed on the turntable 63.
- the plurality of light generators 2 correspond to the plurality of light controllers 7 respectively.
- Each light generator 2 is, for example, a scanning projector. Each light generator 2 emits a light beam and can deflect the light beam in a horizontal plane and a vertical plane. Thereby, each light generator 2 can scan the incident / exit surface of the light transmission diffusion layer 72 described later of the light controller 7 with the light beam.
- the light beam refers to light represented by a straight line that does not diffuse.
- the plurality of light generators 2 are arranged on the turntable 63 in the vicinity of the rotation shaft 62 on the circumference centered on the central axis Z at equal angular intervals. The plurality of light generators 2 are provided so as to emit a light beam group composed of a plurality of light beams outward and obliquely upward.
- the light generator 2 may be a general projector including a projection system such as a spatial light modulator and a lens array composed of a plurality of lenses.
- a projection system such as a spatial light modulator and a lens array composed of a plurality of lenses.
- a light beam group can be formed as in the case of the scanning projector.
- the spatial light modulator is, for example, DMD (Digital Micromirror Device), LCD (Liquid Crystal Display), or LCOS (Liquid Crystal Crystal on Silicon).
- FIGS. 3A to 3E are diagrams for explaining the configuration and function of the light beam controller 7 in the three-dimensional display of FIG.
- each light control element 7 has a configuration in which a light reflection layer 71 and a light transmission diffusion layer 72 are laminated.
- the light reflecting layer 71 is a mirror having a planar reflecting surface.
- the light reflection layer 71 may be a sheet-like member or a plate-like member, or may be a reflection film formed by applying a paint to one surface of the light transmission diffusion layer 72.
- the light transmission diffusion layer 72 may be a lenticular sheet or a holographic screen.
- the light transmission diffusion layer 72 may have a configuration in which a resin layer containing a minute light diffusion material is formed on the surface of a flat sheet-like member having a light transmission property.
- the minute light diffusion material has, for example, an elliptical shape or a fiber shape.
- the light transmission diffusion layer 72 is formed to have a different configuration in the first direction X and the second direction Y orthogonal to each other.
- a surface that intersects the light transmission diffusion layer 72 along the first direction X is referred to as a first surface FX
- a surface that intersects the light transmission diffusion layer 72 along the second direction Y is the second surface FX.
- the diffusion angle in the second direction Y of the light beam transmitted through the light transmission diffusion layer 72 is smaller than the diffusion angle in the first direction X.
- the diffusion angle in the second direction Y may be 1/10 or less of the diffusion angle in the first direction X. For example, it is smaller than the diffusion angle in the first direction X.
- the diffusion angle in the first direction X is, for example, 60 degrees
- the diffusion angle in the second direction Y is, for example, 1 degree.
- the diffusion angle in the second direction Y is not limited to this, and may be smaller than 1 degree, for example.
- the plurality of light control elements 7 are arranged such that the first direction X of the light transmission diffusion layer 72 coincides with the vertical direction parallel to the central axis Z, and the second direction Y coincides with the horizontal direction.
- the light incident on the light transmission diffusion layer 72 of the light controller 7 is greatly diffused in the first direction X within the first surface FX and transmitted through the light transmission diffusion layer 72. Then, it is reflected by the reflection surface of the light reflection layer 71.
- the light beam reflected by the reflection surface of the light reflection layer 71 is greatly diffused in the first direction X in the first surface FX, passes through the light transmission diffusion layer 72 again, and is emitted from the surface of the light transmission diffusion layer 72. Is done.
- the light incident on the light transmission diffusion layer 72 of the light controller 7 travels almost straight through the light transmission diffusion layer 72 while slightly diffusing in the second surface FY. Reflected by the reflection surface of the light reflection layer 71. The light beam reflected by the reflection surface of the light reflection layer 71 travels substantially straight while slightly diffusing in the second surface FY, passes through the light transmission diffusion layer 72 again, and is emitted from the surface of the light transmission diffusion layer 72.
- the plurality of light beam controllers 7 are equiangularly spaced on the circumference centered on the central axis Z so that the light transmission diffusion layer 72 faces each of the plurality of light beam generators 2. It is arranged with.
- the plurality of light generators 2 and the plurality of light control elements 7 do not necessarily have to be arranged at equiangular intervals. However, in order to stabilize the rotation of the turntable 63 and to facilitate the control of the plurality of light generators 2, the plurality of light generators 2 and the plurality of light controllers 7 are provided as in the present embodiment. It is preferable that they are arranged at equiangular intervals.
- the surface of the light transmission diffusion layer 72 that faces the light generator 2 in each light controller 7 is referred to as an incident / exit surface.
- the light transmission diffusion layer 72 has a flat incident / exit surface.
- the light beam emitted from each light generator 2 is incident on the incident / exit surface of the light transmission diffusion layer 72 of the corresponding light controller 7, diffused and transmitted in the vertical direction by the light transmission diffusion layer 72, and reflected by light. Reflected by layer 71.
- the light ray group reflected by the light reflection layer 71 is further diffused and transmitted in the vertical direction by the light reflection layer 71, and is emitted from the incident / exit surface of the light transmission diffusion layer 72.
- a group of rays emitted from the incident / exit surface of the light transmission diffusion layer 72 is guided upward from below the top plate 51 through the hole 51 h of the top plate 51.
- the plurality of light generators 2 and the rotation amount measuring device 65 on the turntable 63 are connected to the control device 3 via the signal transmission device 64.
- the rotating shaft 62 rotates together with the turntable 63, the plurality of light generators 2, and the plurality of light controllers 7. In this case, a group of light beams emitted from each rotating light beam generator 2 is diffused and reflected in the vertical direction by the corresponding light beam controller 7.
- the rotation speed of the turntable 63 is preferably 5 or more rotations per second when the number of the light generators 2 is 6, as in the example of FIG.
- the rotation speed of the turntable 63 is preferably 7.5 revolutions or more per second when the number of the light generators 2 is 4, and 1 second when the number of the light generators 2 is three. It is preferable that the number of rotations is 10 or more.
- the rotation speed of the turntable 63 is preferably 15 rotations or more per second when the number of the light generators 2 is two, and is 30 per second when the number of the light generators 2 is one. It is preferable that the rotation is greater than or equal to rotation. That is, when the number of light generators 2 is n (n is a natural number), the rotation speed of the turntable 63 is preferably 30 / n rotations or more per second.
- the control device 3 controls the plurality of light generators 2 based on the solid shape data stored in the storage device 4. Thereby, the stereoscopic image 300 is presented above and below the hole 51 h of the top plate 51.
- the plurality of cameras 8 are arranged so as to image the face of the observer 10 around the table 5. Image data obtained by the plurality of cameras 8 is given to the control device 3.
- the control device 3 calculates the position (viewpoint) of each observer's 10 eye based on the image data given from the plurality of cameras 8, and corrects the light beam group by viewpoint tracking described later.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic plan view for explaining the operation of the light generator 2.
- FIG. 5 is an enlarged plan view of the vicinity of the light beam controller 7 of FIG.
- the light generator 2 has a light exit P for emitting a light beam composed of laser light.
- the light generator 2 emits a light beam from the light beam emission port P, and can deflect the light beam in a horizontal plane and a vertical plane as described above.
- the light generator 2 deflects the light beam in a horizontal plane, whereby the incident / exit surface of the light transmission diffusion layer 72 can be scanned in the horizontal direction. Further, the light generator 2 deflects the light beam in the vertical plane, whereby the incident / exit surface of the light transmission diffusion layer 72 can be scanned in the vertical direction. Thereby, the light generator 2 can scan the incident / exit surface of the light transmission diffusion layer 72 with the light beam.
- the light generator 2 can set the color of light for each direction of light. Thereby, the light generator 2 emits a light beam group made up of a plurality of light beams in a pseudo manner.
- the light generator 2 irradiates the light controller 7 with a plurality of light beams L1 to L11.
- the light beams L1 to L11 are set to arbitrary colors, respectively.
- the light beams L1 to L11 of the set colors are transmitted through the light transmission diffusion layer 72 of the light controller 7 and reflected at a plurality of positions P1 to P11 (FIG. 5) on the reflection surface of the light reflection layer 71. .
- the plurality of light beams L1 to L11 reflected at the plurality of positions P1 to P11 pass through the light transmission diffusion layer 72 again.
- the light transmission diffusion layer 72 transmits the light beams L1 to L11 almost linearly without diffusing in the horizontal direction, so that the observer 10 can visually recognize only one light beam at a certain position. Further, since the light beam controller 7 diffuses and transmits the light beams L1 to L11 in the vertical direction, the observer 10 can visually recognize almost one light beam from an arbitrary position in the vertical direction.
- a point that is plane-symmetric with the light emitting port P of the light generator 2 with respect to the reflecting surface of the light reflecting layer 71 is referred to as a virtual emitting point Q.
- the configuration in which the light beam emitted from the light emission port P of the light generator 2 is reflected by the light reflection layer 71 and diffused by the light transmission diffusion layer 72 is such that the light beam emitted from the virtual emission point Q is light transmission diffusion.
- the configuration diffused by the layer 72 is almost equivalent. Therefore, in FIG. 6 and FIG. 7, for the sake of easy understanding, the illustration of the light generator 2 is omitted, and the stereoscopic image 300 is presented using a model in which a light ray group is emitted from the virtual emission point Q. A method will be described.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic plan view for explaining a stereoscopic image 300 presentation method.
- a virtual exit point Q corresponding to one light generator 2 is shown.
- the illustration of the light beam controller 7 is omitted.
- the virtual exit point Q moves in the direction of the arrow.
- the moving direction of the virtual emission point Q is not limited to the direction of the arrow in FIG. 6 (counterclockwise), and may be clockwise.
- a red ray LR0 is emitted from the virtual emission point Q in the direction passing through the position PR at time t.
- a red light beam LR1 is emitted from the virtual emission point Q in a direction passing through the position PR
- a red light beam LR2 is emitted from the virtual emission point Q in a direction passing through the position PR.
- a red pixel serving as a point light source is presented at the intersection of the red rays LR0, LR1, and LR2.
- a red pixel is visible at the position PR when the eye of the observer 10 is at the position IR0, at the position IR1, and at the position IR2.
- a green ray LG0 is emitted from the virtual emission point Q in a direction passing through the position PG at time t.
- the green light beam LG1 is emitted from the virtual emission point Q in the direction passing through the position PG
- the green light beam LG2 is emitted from the virtual emission point Q in the direction passing through the position PG.
- a green pixel serving as a point light source is presented at the intersection of the green light beams LG0, LG1, and LG2.
- a green pixel can be seen at the position PG when the eye of the observer 10 is at the position IG0, at the position IG1, and at the position IG2.
- a light point group in which the light beam intersects the space above and below the hole 51h of the top plate 51 is sufficient by controlling the light beam emitted from each rotating virtual emission point Q at small angular intervals. Filled closely. Accordingly, even if the upper and lower portions of the hole 51h of the top plate 51 are observed from any direction on the circumference, appropriate light rays that pass through the positions PR and PG are incident on the eyes, and the human eyes Recognize that there is a point light source there. Since the person recognizes the illumination light reflected or diffused on the surface of the real object as an object, the surface of the object can be regarded as a set of point light sources. That is, the three-dimensional image 300 can be presented by appropriately reproducing the color of a certain position PR, PG desired as the surface of the object by the light beam emitted from each of the virtual emission points Q that rotate.
- the stereoscopic image 300 can be presented in the space above and below the hole 51 h of the top plate 51.
- the observer 10 can visually recognize the same stereoscopic image 300 from different directions at different positions in the circumferential direction.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view for explaining a method for presenting the stereoscopic image 300.
- a virtual emission point Q is shown instead of one light generator 2.
- the light beam emitted from the virtual emission point Q is diffused in the vertical direction by the light transmission diffusion layer 72 at the diffusion angle ⁇ .
- the observer 10 can see the same color rays emitted from the virtual emission point Q at different positions in the vertical direction within the range of the diffusion angle ⁇ .
- the position of the stereoscopic image 300 visually recognized by the observer 10 is moved according to the position of the eyes of the observer 10 in the vertical direction.
- the stereoscopic image 300 can be observed even when the observer 10 moves the line of sight up and down.
- the color of each ray of the ray group emitted from each virtual emission point Q is determined by the control device 3 based on the three-dimensional shape data stored in the storage device 4 for each rotational position of each virtual emission point Q and each light beam scanning position. Is calculated.
- the rotation position of the virtual emission point Q refers to the rotation angle of the virtual emission point Q from the reference radial direction around the central axis Z.
- the control device 3 obtains an intersection between a surface of a three-dimensional solid shape that is defined in advance as solid shape data and each light ray, and calculates an appropriate color to be given to the light ray.
- the control device 3 determines the rotation position of each virtual emission point Q based on the output signal of the rotation amount measuring device 65, and based on the color of each light ray of the light ray group calculated for each rotation position and each light beam scanning position.
- Each light generator 2 is controlled. Thereby, the light rays having the respective colors calculated from the virtual emission points Q are emitted so that the stereoscopic image 300 is presented above and below the hole 51 h of the top plate 51. Accordingly, it is possible to present a color stereoscopic image 300 with small flicker and high time resolution.
- the control device 3 calculates in advance the color of each light ray to be emitted from each virtual emission point Q based on the solid shape data as color data for each rotation position and each light scanning position, and calculates the calculated color data. May be stored in the storage device 4. Then, when presenting the stereoscopic image 300, the color data may be read from the storage device 4 in synchronization with the output signal of the rotation amount measuring device 65, and each light generator 2 may be controlled based on the read color data. . Alternatively, the control device 3 determines the color of each light beam to be emitted from each virtual emission point Q based on the solid shape data in synchronization with the output signal of the rotation amount measuring device 65 while the virtual emission point Q is rotating. And each light generator 2 may be controlled based on the calculated color data.
- the directional display of the stereoscopic image 300 is possible.
- FIG. 8 is a schematic plan view for explaining the generation principle of binocular parallax in the stereoscopic display according to the present embodiment.
- FIG. 8 shows virtual emission points Q at four different time points.
- the virtual emission points Q at the four time points are called virtual emission points Qa, Qb, Qc, and Qd, respectively.
- the color of the light beam La and the color of the light beam Ld are the same, the color of the light beam Lb is different from the color of the light beam La, and the color of the light beam Lc is different from the color of the light beam Ld.
- the color of the point P31 varies depending on the viewing direction. Further, the color of the point P32 also varies depending on the viewing direction.
- a point Pa of the stereoscopic image 300 is created by the light ray La
- a point Pb of the stereoscopic image 300 is created by the light ray Lb
- a point Pc of the stereoscopic image 300 is created by the light ray Lc
- a point Pd of the stereoscopic image 300 is created by the light ray Ld. It is done.
- the point Pa and the point Pd of the stereoscopic image 300 are at the same position. That is, the points Pa and Pd of the stereoscopic image 300 are created at the intersections of the light beam La and the light beam Ld. Therefore, the points Pa and Pd can be used as virtual point light sources.
- the direction of viewing the points Pa and Pd with the right eye 100R is different from the direction of viewing the points Pa and Pd with the left eye 100L. That is, there is a convergence angle between the line-of-sight direction of the right eye 100R and the line-of-sight direction of the left eye 100L.
- the positional relationship between the points Pa to Pd when the points P31 and P32 are viewed with the right eye 100R and the left eye 100L is different. That is, parallax occurs. Thereby, the stereoscopic view of the image formed by the light beam group becomes possible.
- the control device 3 controls each light generator 2 on the assumption that the eyes of a plurality of observers 10 are in the annular viewing zone 500. Thereby, when the eyes of the plurality of observers 10 are in the annular viewing zone 500, the plurality of observers 10 can visually recognize the stereoscopic image 300 having the same shape at the same height.
- the position of each pixel of the stereoscopic image 300 viewed by the observer 10 is moved according to the position of the eye of the observer 10 in the vertical direction. Therefore, when the eye of the observer 10 is at a position outside the annular viewing zone 500, the stereoscopic image 300 appears to be deformed.
- the group is corrected.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram for explaining correction of a light beam group when the eye of the observer 10 is out of the annular viewing zone 500.
- the annular viewing zone 500 is at a distance d1 in the horizontal direction from the central axis Z of the top plate 51 and at a height H1 from the top plate 51 of the table 5.
- a method of presenting one pixel PIX of the stereoscopic image 300 at the standard position PS above or below the hole 51h of the top plate 51 will be described.
- the light ray L31 having the color of the pixel PIX of the stereoscopic image 300 is irradiated from the virtual emission point Q to the position P1 of the light transmission diffusion layer 72.
- the light beam L31 irradiated to the position P1 is diffused in the vertical direction by the light transmission diffusion layer 72, and one diffused light beam passes through the standard position PS and enters the eye of the observer 10 at the position I1. .
- the observer 10 who has eyes at the position I1 can visually recognize the pixel PIX at the standard position PS.
- the light ray L32 having the color of the pixel PIX of the stereoscopic image 300 is transmitted from the virtual emission point Q to the light transmission diffusion layer 72.
- the position P2 is irradiated.
- the light beam L32 irradiated to the position P2 is diffused in the vertical direction by the light transmission diffusion layer 72, and one diffused light beam passes through the standard position PS and enters the eye of the observer 10 at the position I2. .
- the observer 10 who has eyes at the position I2 can visually recognize the pixel PIX at the standard position PS.
- the light beam L33 having the color of the pixel PIX of the stereoscopic image 300 is a virtual emission point.
- the light is irradiated from Q to the position P3 of the light transmission diffusion layer 72.
- the light beam L33 irradiated to the position P3 is diffused in the vertical direction by the light transmission diffusion layer 72, and one diffused light beam passes through the standard position PS and enters the eye of the observer 10 at the position I3. .
- the observer 10 who has eyes at the position I3 can visually recognize the pixel PIX at the standard position PS.
- control device 3 calculates the coordinates of the position of the eye of the observer 10 based on the image data given from the camera 8.
- the control device 3 sets the pixel at the position P1 where the straight line passing through the eye position and the standard position PS intersects the light transmission diffusion layer 72.
- the light generator 2 is controlled so that the light beam L31 having the color PIX is emitted.
- the control device 3 sets the pixel at a position where a straight line passing through the eye position and the standard position PS intersects the light transmission diffusion layer 72.
- the light generator 2 is controlled so that a light beam having the color PIX is irradiated.
- the control device 3 corrects the direction of the light beam for presenting the pixel PIX at the standard position PS according to the position of the eye of the observer 10.
- the control device 3 causes each ray of the ray group emitted from the virtual emission point Q so that the ray having the color of the pixel PIX is incident on the eye of the observer 10 according to the position of the eye of the observer 10. Correct the color.
- the observer 10 can visually recognize the stereoscopic image 300 having the same shape regardless of the position of the eyes.
- the observer 10 When the eyes of the observer 10 are on a straight line passing through the annular viewing area 500 and the standard position PS, even if the eyes of the observer 10 are at a position I4 outside the annular viewing area 500, Similarly to the case where the eye of the observer 10 is on the annular viewing zone 500, the light beam L31 having the color of the pixel PIX of the stereoscopic image 300 is irradiated from the virtual emission point Q to the position P1 of the light transmission diffusion layer 72. Thereby, the observer 10 can visually recognize the pixel PIX at the standard position PS.
- the stereoscopic image 300 is presented without being deformed regardless of the position of the eye of the observer 10.
- the coordinates of the eye position of the observer 10 are calculated based on the image data given from the camera 8, but the present invention is not limited to this.
- an object detection mechanism such as a radar or a sonar may be provided in the stereoscopic display, and the coordinates of the eye position of the observer 10 may be calculated based on data provided from the object detection mechanism.
- a plurality of cameras 8 are provided corresponding to a plurality of observers 10, respectively, but the present invention is not limited to this.
- One or a plurality of cameras 8 may be provided so as not to correspond to one or a plurality of observers 10.
- one camera 8 may be provided so as to image the face of one or more observers 10.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram illustrating a configuration of a stereoscopic display according to a first modification.
- the light reflecting layer 71 in the first modification is a mirror having a curved reflecting surface.
- the light transmission diffusion layer 72 is a sheet having a curved input / output surface.
- the reflection surface of the light reflection layer 71 and the light incident / exit surface of the light transmission diffusion layer 72 may be a convex curved surface or a concave curved surface.
- the direction of the light beam reflected by the light beam controller 7 can be appropriately adjusted by adjusting the curvatures of the reflection surface and the incident / exit surface.
- a MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical Systems) mirror reciprocates with a constant width in the horizontal direction, whereby the light is scanned in the horizontal and vertical directions.
- the reciprocating width of the reciprocating motion of the MEMS mirror is small, the motion of the MEMS mirror can be easily controlled, but the angle of view of the light generator 2 in the horizontal and vertical directions becomes small.
- the angle intervals in the horizontal and vertical directions of the light reflected by the light control element 7 can be increased by making the reflecting surface and the incident / exit surface convex. Thereby, a large stereoscopic image 300 can be presented at a small projection angle without increasing the reciprocal width of the reciprocating motion of the MEMS mirror.
- the rotation speed for inertia control when switching the movement direction.
- the angle interval of the light beams in the region where the reciprocating motion direction changes region outside the field angle
- the angular interval is increased.
- the angular intervals of the light beams reflected by the light beam controller 7 can be made uniform by configuring the curvatures of the reflection surface and the incident / exit surface to be locally changed.
- the reflection surface and the incident / exit surface are reflected by the light controller 7 by using the light controller 7 having a curvature.
- the direction of the light beam can be changed.
- FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram showing a configuration of a three-dimensional display according to a second modification.
- the light beam controller 7 is arranged such that the first direction X is inclined by a predetermined angle from the vertical direction.
- the light beam controller 7 is inclined such that the light incident / exit surface of the light transmission diffusion layer 72 faces obliquely upward.
- the light beam controller 7 can emit a light beam group in a higher space.
- FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram showing a configuration of a stereoscopic display according to a third modification.
- the light generator 2 is disposed on the opposite side of the light controller 7 with respect to the central axis Z.
- the scanning projector has a small angle of view, a large stereoscopic image 300 can be presented. Further, since it is not necessary to increase the scanning range of the light beam, the light generator 2 can be easily controlled.
- FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram illustrating a configuration of a stereoscopic display according to a fourth modification.
- a mirror 73 is disposed on the optical path between the light controller 7 and the light generator 2 corresponding thereto.
- the light beam emitted from the light beam generator 2 is reflected by the mirror 73 and enters the incident / exit surface of the light transmission diffusion layer 72 of the light beam controller 7.
- two or more mirrors 73 may be arranged on the optical path.
- the optical path of the light beam can be made longer than the arrangement of the light beam generator 2 in FIG. Therefore, a large stereoscopic image 300 can be presented using a scanning projector with a smaller angle of view. Moreover, since the scanning range of the light beam can be further reduced, the light generator 2 can be easily controlled. Furthermore, the freedom degree of arrangement
- FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram illustrating a configuration of a stereoscopic display according to a fifth modification.
- the light generator 2 is disposed on the central axis Z, and the mirror 73 is disposed above the light generator 2.
- the light beam emitted from the light beam generator 2 is reflected by the mirror 73 and enters the incident / exit surface of the light transmission diffusion layer 72 of the light beam controller 7.
- the light controller 7 and the mirror 73 are rotated by the rotating module 6, and the light generator 2 is not rotated by the rotating module 6. According to this configuration, the stereoscopic image 300 can be presented by the set of the light generator 2, the light controller 7, and the mirror 73.
- the mirror 73 is disposed above the light generator 2 and the light generator 2 emits the light upward.
- the present invention is not limited to this.
- a mirror 73 may be disposed below the light generator 2, and the light generator 2 may emit light downward.
- the stereoscopic image 300 is an example of a stereoscopic image
- the light generator 2 is an example of a light generator
- the light transmission diffusion layer 72 is an example of a light transmission diffusion layer
- the light reflection layer 71 is It is an example of a light reflection layer.
- the light beam controller 7 is an example of a light beam controller
- the rotation module 6 is an example of a rotation mechanism
- the control device 3 is an example of a control unit
- the mirror 73 is an example of a mirror
- the camera 8 is a detection unit. It is an example.
- the present invention can be effectively used for various 3D displays for displaying 3D images.
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Abstract
Description
図1は、本発明の一実施の形態に係る立体ディスプレイの模式的断面図である。図2は、図1の立体ディスプレイの模式的平面図である。
図4は、光線発生器2の動作を説明するための模式的平面図である。図5は、図4の光線制御子7付近の拡大平面図である。
図6は、立体画像300の提示方法を説明するための模式的平面図である。図6においては、1つの光線発生器2に対応する仮想出射点Qが示される。図6においては、光線制御子7の図示が省略される。
ここで、本実施の形態に係る立体ディスプレイにおける両眼視差の発生原理について説明する。
複数の観察者10がテーブル5の周囲に着座している場合には、複数の観察者10の眼は、天板51の中心軸Zからほぼ一定の距離でかつほぼ一定の高さの位置(基準の位置)にあるとみなすことができる。そこで、図1および図2に示すように、複数の観察者10の眼が位置する円環状の領域を円環状視域500として設定する。
図10は、第1の変形例に係る立体ディスプレイの構成を示す模式図である。図10に示すように、第1の変形例における光反射層71は曲面状の反射面を有するミラーである。光透過拡散層72は、曲面状の入出射面を有するシートである。
本実施の形態においては、光線制御子7の光透過拡散層72と光反射層71とが互いに積層されるので、光透過拡散層72と光反射層71との間に光の経路が存在しない。そのため、光線発生器2が出射すべき光線群の算出において、光透過拡散層72と光反射層71との位置関係を変動パラメータから除外することができる。それにより、光線群の算出処理が単純化される。また、光透過拡散層72と光反射層71とを積層することにより、光線制御子7を容易に製造することができる。さらに、光透過拡散層72と光反射層71との位置関係の調整が不要となる。これらの結果、正確な立体画像300をより容易に表示することができる。
以下、請求項の各構成要素と実施の形態の各部との対応の例について説明するが、本発明は下記の例に限定されない。
Claims (7)
- 立体形状データに基づいて立体画像を提示するための立体ディスプレイであって、
複数の光線からなる光線群を出射する光線発生器と、
互いに積層された光透過拡散層と光反射層とを含む光線制御子と、
前記光線制御子を回転中心軸の周りで回転させる回転機構と、
前記光線発生器を制御する制御部とを備え、
前記光線制御子は、前記光透過拡散層が前記回転中心軸と前記光反射層との間に位置するように配置され、
前記光線発生器は、前記回転機構により回転される前記光線制御子の前記光透過拡散層に向けて光線群を出射するように設けられ、
前記光透過拡散層は、入射する光線群を垂直方向において拡散させて透過させるように形成され、
前記光反射層は、前記光透過拡散層を透過した光線群を反射するように形成され、
前記制御部は、前記立体形状データに基づいて、前記光反射層により反射されて前記光透過拡散層を透過した光線群により立体画像が提示されるように前記光線発生器を制御する立体ディスプレイ。 - 前記回転機構は、前記光線制御子とともに前記光線発生器を前記回転中心軸の周りで回転させる、請求項1記載の立体ディスプレイ。
- 前記光線制御子は複数設けられ、
前記光線発生器は、前記複数の光線制御子にそれぞれ対応して複数設けられ、
前記複数の光線発生器は、それぞれ対応する光線制御子に向けて光線群を出射するように設けられる、請求項2記載の立体ディスプレイ。 - 前記複数の光線制御子および前記複数の光線発生器は、前記回転中心軸を中心に等角度間隔で配置される、請求項3記載の立体ディスプレイ。
- 前記光線発生器は、前記回転中心軸の方向に光線群を出射するように配置され、
前記光線発生器により出射された光線群を前記光線制御子に向けて反射するミラーがさらに設けられ、
前記回転機構は、前記ミラーを前記光線制御子とともに前記回転中心軸の周りで回転させる、請求項1記載の立体ディスプレイ。 - 観察者の眼の位置を検出する検出部をさらに備え、
前記制御部は、前記検出部により検出された眼の位置に基づいて、前記光線発生器を制御する、請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の立体ディスプレイ。 - 前記制御部は、前記光線発生器により前記光線制御子に出射される光線の色を前記光線制御子の回転位置ごとに制御する、請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載の立体ディスプレイ。
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