WO2016000520A1 - 利用船舶发动机排气余热的间接低温多效海水淡化系统 - Google Patents

利用船舶发动机排气余热的间接低温多效海水淡化系统 Download PDF

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WO2016000520A1
WO2016000520A1 PCT/CN2015/081335 CN2015081335W WO2016000520A1 WO 2016000520 A1 WO2016000520 A1 WO 2016000520A1 CN 2015081335 W CN2015081335 W CN 2015081335W WO 2016000520 A1 WO2016000520 A1 WO 2016000520A1
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low
temperature
seawater desalination
effect
temperature multi
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PCT/CN2015/081335
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English (en)
French (fr)
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钱学略
刘茂玲
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上海伏波环保设备有限公司
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Priority to DE112015002615.0T priority Critical patent/DE112015002615T5/de
Priority to KR1020177000885A priority patent/KR20170008888A/ko
Priority to JP2016575428A priority patent/JP6404955B2/ja
Publication of WO2016000520A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016000520A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D1/00—Evaporating
    • B01D1/26—Multiple-effect evaporating
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
    • C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
    • C02F1/16—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation using waste heat from other processes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D1/00—Evaporating
    • B01D1/0011—Heating features
    • B01D1/0058—Use of waste energy from other processes or sources, e.g. combustion gas
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
    • C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
    • C02F2103/08—Seawater, e.g. for desalination
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/124—Water desalination
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/10—Greenhouse gas [GHG] capture, material saving, heat recovery or other energy efficient measures, e.g. motor control, characterised by manufacturing processes, e.g. for rolling metal or metal working

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a seawater desalination technology for marine vessels, in particular to an indirect low-temperature multi-effect seawater desalination system utilizing exhaust heat of a ship engine exhaust.
  • seawater desalination technology is an important technical measure to ensure the supply and replenishment of freshwater water.
  • the application of seawater desalination technology is in its infancy in China.
  • the “thermal method” low-temperature multi-effect (ie LT-MED) seawater desalination technology is designed to use fresh low-temperature and low-pressure steam to prepare fresh water under certain vacuum conditions, thus solving the main equipment. The problem of scaling at high temperatures.
  • Low-temperature multi-effect distillation seawater desalination technology refers to the desalination technology that the maximum evaporation temperature of seawater is generally lower than 70 °C.
  • the low-temperature multi-effect distillation seawater desalination system is a series of evaporators connected in series, when working, the low-temperature multi-effect seawater desalination system
  • the first effect evaporator absorbs external heat, vaporizes the circulating seawater of the first effect evaporator, generates higher pressure water vapor, and the water vapor is sent to the second effect, as the heat source of the second effect evaporator,
  • the condensation in the effect evaporator is fresh water, and at the same time, the circulating seawater of the effect is vaporized, and new steam is sent to the third effect.
  • the low-temperature multi-effect distillation seawater desalination system uses a certain amount of steam input to evaporate the seawater several times, and condenses the evaporated gas into water through seawater, thereby obtaining a desalination process of distilled water having a multiple of steam amount, along the flow direction of the steam.
  • the evaporation temperature and pressure of the latter effect are lower than the previous one.
  • the low-temperature multi-effect seawater desalination technology develops rapidly due to its long service life, simple operation, reliable operation and high product water purity.
  • the exhaust gas of the diesel engine contains acid gases such as SO3. When the temperature is high, they will exist in a gaseous form. When the temperature is lower than a certain temperature, they will combine with the water vapor in the exhaust gas to form sulfuric acid and corrode the heat exchange equipment.
  • the acid dew point of diesel oil is as high as 120 °C-130 °C. In order to avoid the acid dew corrosion of the heating surface of the tail, the diesel engine exhaust temperature is usually designed to be higher, and the actual operation will be higher.
  • an object of the present invention is to provide an indirect low-temperature multi-effect seawater desalination system utilizing exhaust heat of a ship engine for solving the problem that the exhaust heat of a ship engine in the prior art cannot be directly used for low temperature.
  • the problem of multi-effect seawater desalination systems is to provide an indirect low-temperature multi-effect seawater desalination system utilizing exhaust heat of a ship engine for solving the problem that the exhaust heat of a ship engine in the prior art cannot be directly used for low temperature.
  • the present invention provides an indirect low-temperature multi-effect seawater desalination system utilizing exhaust heat of a ship engine, comprising a low-temperature multi-effect seawater desalination device, a low-temperature steam generating device, and an exhaust pipe disposed in the engine
  • the seawater is pretreated and preheated into the low-temperature multi-effect seawater desalination device for desalination treatment, wherein the first-effect air inlet and condensate outlet in the low-temperature multi-effect seawater desalination device
  • the low temperature steam generating device is connected to the low temperature steam generating device, and the low temperature steam generating device is connected to the waste heat recovery device through the rising pipe and the descending pipe.
  • the first effect condensate outlet is connected to the low temperature steam generating device, and a first preheater is disposed on the pipeline connected to the low temperature steam generating device, and the first preheater is further disposed in the seawater entering the first effect. On the water pipe.
  • the seawater is divided into two paths after being pretreated, and respectively passed through a preheater to enter the low-temperature multi-effect seawater desalination device, wherein one preheater is disposed in the product of the low-temperature multi-effect seawater desalination device On the water outlet pipe, another preheater is disposed on the concentrated brine collection pipe of the low temperature multi-effect seawater desalination device.
  • the waste heat recovery device is provided with a temperature sensor.
  • the conduit of the first effect fresh water outlet connected to the cryogenic steam generating device is also in communication with a fresh water supply pipe.
  • the ship engine may also be a furnace containing sulfur fuel, and correspondingly, the engine exhaust pipe is a flue of the heating furnace.
  • the indirect low-temperature multi-effect seawater desalination system utilizing the exhaust heat of a ship engine of the present invention has It has the following beneficial effects: the low temperature steam generating device is used as a heat transfer point, which absorbs the heat absorbed by the waste heat recovery device in the exhaust pipe of the engine to generate low temperature steam, and ensures that the temperature of the steam entering the low temperature multi-effect seawater desalination device is lower than 70 °, and the wall temperature of the waste heat recovery device is not lower than the acid dew point temperature, ensuring that the waste heat recovery device does not cause acid dew corrosion due to the low wall temperature. Therefore, the present invention ensures that the waste heat recovery device is free from acid dew corrosion. In the case of the engine exhaust heat, it can provide a heat source for the low-temperature multi-effect seawater desalination device, and generate steam or hot water at the temperature required for the low-temperature multi-effect seawater desalination device.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing a low-temperature multi-effect seawater desalination system using the exhaust heat of a ship engine according to the present invention.
  • the present invention provides an indirect low-temperature multi-effect seawater desalination system utilizing exhaust heat of a ship engine, comprising a low-temperature multi-effect seawater desalination device 4, a low-temperature steam generating device 2, and an exhaust gas disposed in the engine 3.
  • the waste heat recovery device 1 in the pipeline 9 is subjected to pre-treatment and pre-heating into the low-temperature multi-effect seawater desalination device 4 for desalination treatment, wherein the first-effect air inlet and condensate in the low-temperature multi-effect seawater desalination device 4
  • the outlet is connected to the low temperature steam generating device through a pipe (i.e., steam pipe 2-1, condensate pipe 2-2), and the low temperature steam generating device 2 is connected to the waste heat recovery device 1 through the riser pipe 1-1 and the down pipe 1-2.
  • the invention adopts a low temperature steam generating device as an intermediate heat transfer point, which absorbs the heat absorbed by the waste heat recovery device in the exhaust pipe of the engine to generate low temperature steam, and ensures that the temperature of the steam entering the low temperature multi-effect seawater desalination device is lower than 70°, At the same time, the wall temperature of the waste heat recovery device will not be lower than the acid dew point temperature, ensuring that the waste heat recovery device will not cause acid dew corrosion due to low temperature.
  • the invention adopts the double-loop heat exchange method to realize the low-temperature steam required for converting the exhaust heat of the engine into the low-temperature multi-effect seawater desalination device, and the waste heat recovery device 1 passes the riser 1-1 and the down pipe 1-2 and the low-temperature steam generating device 2 connected to form a first circuit, which mainly ensures that the wall temperature of the waste heat recovery device is higher than the acid dew point temperature, so as to prevent the waste heat recovery device from being corroded by acid dew in the engine exhaust pipe; the low temperature steam generating device 2 passes through the steam pipe 2-1,
  • the first connection of the condensed water pipe 2-2 to the low-temperature multi-effect seawater desalination device 4 forms a second circuit, It is mainly used to produce low-temperature steam required for low-temperature multi-effect seawater desalination, that is, to ensure that the steam temperature generated is lower than 70°, so that the steam can be used as a heat source for the low-temperature multi-effect sea
  • the condensed water pipe 2-2 connected to the low-temperature steam generating device 2 of the first-effect condensed water outlet is further connected to a fresh water supply pipe 14, and the fresh-water supply pipe 14 is provided with an on-off valve 15 so that the low-temperature multi-effect When the condensed water produced by the first effect of the seawater desalination device cannot satisfy the second circuit cycle, it can be externally replenished.
  • the condensed water pipe 2-2 connected to the low-temperature steam generating device 2 of the first effective condensate outlet is provided with a first preheater 16, which is also disposed on the seawater inlet pipe entering the first effect.
  • the condensed water generated by the first effect flows out from the condensate outlet and is preheated into the first effect seawater by the first preheater 16 and then flows back to the low temperature steam generating device 2, so that the first effect condensed water can enter the first effect
  • the seawater is preheated to ensure maximum heat utilization.
  • the seawater is processed by the pre-processor 8 and divided into two paths, which are respectively passed through a preheater and then enter the low-temperature multi-effect desalination device 4, wherein one preheater (ie, the second preheater) 12) It is disposed on the product water outlet pipe 7 of the low-temperature multi-effect seawater desalination device 4, and the other preheater (i.e., the third preheater 5) is disposed on the brine collection pipe 6 of the low-temperature multi-effect seawater desalination device 4.
  • one preheater ie, the second preheater 12
  • the other preheater i.e., the third preheater 5
  • the two preheaters respectively absorb the heat of the product water and the agricultural brine flowing out of the low-temperature multi-effect seawater desalination device to preheat the seawater entering the low-temperature multi-effect seawater desalination device, thereby improving the heat utilization rate inside the entire system.
  • the seawater is pretreated by the pretreatment unit 8 and then enters the third preheater 5 and the second preheater 12 in two ways, absorbing the heat of the product water and the concentrated brine, and then entering the condenser of the low temperature multi-effect desalination device 4
  • the heat of the vapor evaporated by the final effect evaporator is further absorbed, preheated, degassed, and then divided into two, most of which enter the front multi-effect seawater evaporator, and the excess seawater serves as cooling water from the cooling seawater pipe. 13 discharge.
  • a condensate recovery pump 10 is disposed on the condensate water pipe 2-2.
  • the waste heat recovery device 1 is provided with a temperature sensor 11, which can detect the wall temperature of the waste heat recovery device in real time, and ensure that the wall surface temperature of the waste heat recovery device is higher than the acid dew point temperature.
  • the on-off valve 15 When the system is started, the on-off valve 15 is opened, and the system is replenished by the fresh water supply pipe 14 to allow the fresh water to enter the waste heat recovery device to heat the fresh water and start the water circulation.
  • the steam tube 2-1 If low temperature and low pressure steam is used as the heat source, the steam tube 2-1 is also required to be evacuated when the system is started, so that the generated steam temperature is the temperature required for the first effect. If hot water is used directly as a heat source, the water temperature can be heated to the desired temperature.
  • the seawater enters the low-temperature multi-effect sea after passing through the pre-processor 8, the third preheater 5 and the second preheater 12
  • the water desalination device 4, the saturated steam or the hot water in the first effect of the low-temperature multi-effect seawater desalination device 4 completes the heat exchange with the raw material seawater, and the raw seawater generates almost the same amount of fresh steam outside the heat exchange tube and is introduced to the next.
  • the evaporation and condensation process is repeated to generate product water, and the condensed water is circulated through the condensed water pipe 2-2 through the condensed water pipe 2-2 into the low temperature steam generating device 2 by the condensed water recovery pump 10.
  • the evaporation temperature is controlled by controlling the pressure in the waste heat recovery device 1, so that the control wall temperature is maintained above the acid dew point temperature, thereby fundamentally avoiding the occurrence of acid dew corrosion.
  • the dual-loop can also generate the low-temperature heat source required for the low-temperature multi-effect seawater desalination while maintaining the wall temperature higher than the acid dew point, and does not cause the scaling problem of the seawater desalination equipment.
  • the invention is equally applicable to other furnaces containing sulfur fuel, and correspondingly, the engine exhaust duct 9 is a flue of the furnace.
  • the indirect low-temperature multi-effect seawater desalination system utilizing the exhaust heat of the marine engine of the present invention uses a low-temperature steam generating device as an intermediate heat transfer point, which absorbs heat absorbed by the waste heat recovery device in the exhaust pipe of the engine.
  • the low-temperature steam is generated to ensure that the temperature of the steam entering the low-temperature multi-effect seawater desalination device is lower than 70°, and the wall temperature of the waste heat recovery device is not lower than the acid dew point temperature, ensuring that the waste heat recovery device does not cause acid dew corrosion. Therefore, the present invention effectively overcomes various shortcomings in the prior art and has high industrial utilization value.

Abstract

本发明提供一种利用船舶发动机排气余热的间接低温多效海水淡化系统，其包括低温多效海水淡化装置，低温蒸汽发生装置，以及设于发动机排气管道内的余热回收装置，海水经预处理和预加热后进入所述低温多效海水淡化装置内进行淡化处理，其中，所述低温多效海水淡化装置中第一效的进气口、凝结水出口与低温蒸汽发生装置通过管道相连，低温蒸汽发生装置通过上升管、下降管与所述余热回收装置相连。本发明在保证余热回收装置不受酸露腐蚀的情况下，充分利用发动机排气余热，使其能够为低温多效海水淡化装置提供热源，产生低温多效海水淡化装置所需温度的蒸汽或热水。

Description

利用船舶发动机排气余热的间接低温多效海水淡化系统 技术领域
本发明涉及海洋船舶用的海水淡化技术，特别是涉及一种利用船舶发动机排气余热的间接低温多效海水淡化系统。
背景技术
就大吨位船舶而言，柴油机燃料产生的热能大约只有50％转化为柴油机的输出功，其余通过排气、冷却水等排放到船外，造成很大的能源浪费。如何回收利用这一部分的能量成为船舶节能减排的首要选择。
船舶在远海工作中，人员和船舶动力设备等都需要消耗大量的淡水。巨大的淡水消耗量如果全部由船舶来携带，势必会减少载重吨位，并且淡水储存过久也会因为水舱的污染和细菌的繁殖而变质。所以将海水进行淡化处理是保证船舶淡水供给与补充的重要技术措施。海水淡化技术的应用在我国处于起步阶段，其中，“热法”低温多效(即LT-MED)海水淡化技术通过设计可在一定真空条件下使用低温低压蒸汽来制备淡水，解决了主体设备在高温情况下结垢的问题。
低温多效蒸馏海水淡化技术是指海水的最高蒸发温度一般低于70℃的淡化技术,低温多效蒸馏海水淡化系统是将一系列的蒸发器串联起来，工作时，低温多效海水淡化系统的第一效蒸发器吸收外界热量，使第一效蒸发器的循环海水汽化，产生了较高压力的水蒸汽，该水蒸汽被输送到第二效，作为第二效蒸发器的热源，在该效蒸发器中冷凝为淡水，同时使该效的循环海水汽化，产生了新的水蒸汽输送到第三效，作为第三效蒸发器的热源，依次将n效蒸发器串接相连，使海水淡化过程一直进行下去。低温多效蒸馏海水淡化系统用一定量的蒸汽输入，通过多次将海水蒸发，并通过海水将蒸发的气体冷凝成水，从而得到多倍于蒸汽量的蒸馏水的淡化过程，沿蒸汽的流通方向，后面一效的蒸发温度与压力均低于前面一效，低温多效海水淡化技术由于具有使用寿命长、操作简单、运行可靠、产品水纯度高等优点而发展很快。
柴油机的排气中含有SO3等酸性气体，温度高时它们会以气态的形式存在，而当温度低于某一温度时，它们会与排气中的水蒸气结合成硫酸而腐蚀换热设备，柴油的酸露点高达120℃—130℃，为避免尾部受热面的酸露腐蚀，通常柴油机排气温度设计较高，实际运行时会更高。如果直接用换热器如套管式、管壳式换热器回收来的 柴油机排气余热去作为低温多效海水淡化系统的热源是不可行的，因为，为防止酸露腐蚀，换热器壁面温度应控制在酸露点以上，而蒸发温度即产生的蒸汽温度跟壁面温度大致相等，所以产生的蒸汽温度会大于酸露点温度，，而低温多效海水淡化系统所需蒸汽温度低于70°，因此，不能直接利用柴油机排气余热来加热海水。
基于对上述问题的考虑，在低温多效海水淡化系统中，如何利用船舶柴油机现有条件为LT-MED装置提供廉价优质、可直接使用的低温低压蒸汽，如何将排气废热得到高效而经济地利用，同时避免换热器的酸露腐蚀，成为本领域技术人员亟待解决的问题。
发明内容
鉴于以上所述现有技术的缺点，本发明的目的在于提供一种利用船舶发动机排气余热的间接低温多效海水淡化系统，用于解决现有技术中船舶发动机排气余热不能直接用于低温多效海水淡化系统的问题。
为实现上述目的及其他相关目的，本发明提供一种利用船舶发动机排气余热的间接低温多效海水淡化系统，其包括低温多效海水淡化装置，低温蒸汽发生装置，以及设于发动机排气管道内的余热回收装置，海水经预处理和预加热后进入所述低温多效海水淡化装置内进行淡化处理，其中，所述低温多效海水淡化装置中第一效的进气口、凝结水出口与低温蒸汽发生装置通过管道相连，低温蒸汽发生装置通过上升管、下降管与所述余热回收装置相连。
优选的，所述第一效的凝结水出口与所述低温蒸汽发生装置相连的管道上设有第一预热器，所述第一预热器还设置在进入所述第一效的海水进水管上。
优选的，所述海水经预处理后分为两路，分别经过一个预热器后进入所述低温多效海水淡化装置中，其中一个预热器设在所述低温多效海水淡化装置的产品水出水管道上，另一个预热器设在所述低温多效海水淡化装置的浓盐水收集管道上。
优选的，所述余热回收装置上设有温度传感器。
优选的，所述第一效的淡水出口与所述低温蒸汽发生装置相连的管道还与一淡水补给管相连通。
优选的，所述船舶发动机也可以为含硫燃料的加热炉，相应的，发动机排气管道为加热炉的烟道。
如上所述，本发明的利用船舶发动机排气余热的间接低温多效海水淡化系统，具 有以下有益效果：采用低温蒸汽发生装置作为热量转换点，其吸收利用在发动机排气管道内余热回收装置吸收的热量来产生低温蒸汽，确保进入低温多效海水淡化装置内的蒸汽温度低于70°，而余热回收装置的壁面温度也不会低于酸露点温度，确保了余热回收装置不会因壁面温度过低而引起酸露腐蚀，因此，本发明在保证余热回收装置不受酸露腐蚀的情况下，充分利用发动机排气余热，使其能够为低温多效海水淡化装置提供热源，产生低温多效海水淡化装置所需温度的蒸汽或热水。
附图说明
图1显示为本发明的利用船舶发动机排气余热进行的低温多效海水淡化系统示意图。
元件标号说明
   1                   余热回收装置
2                      低温蒸汽发生装置
3                      发动机
4                      低温多效海水淡化装置
5                      第三预热器
6                      浓盐水收集管道
7                      产品水出水管道
8                      预处理器
9                      排气管道
10                     冷凝水回收泵
11                     温度传感器
12                     第二预热器
13                     冷却海水管
14                     淡水补给管
15                     开关阀
16                     第一预热器
1-1                    上升管
1-2                    下降管
2-1                    蒸汽管
2-2                    凝结水管
具体实施方式
以下由特定的具体实施例说明本发明的实施方式，熟悉此技术的人士可由本说明书所揭露的内容轻易地了解本发明的其他优点及功效。
请参阅图1。须知，本说明书所附图式所绘示的结构、比例、大小等，均仅用以配合说明书所揭示的内容，以供熟悉此技术的人士了解与阅读，并非用以限定本发明可实施的限定条件，故不具技术上的实质意义，任何结构的修饰、比例关系的改变或大小的调整，在不影响本发明所能产生的功效及所能达成的目的下，均应仍落在本发明所揭示的技术内容得能涵盖的范围内。同时，本说明书中所引用的如“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“中间”及“一”等的用语，亦仅为便于叙述的明了，而非用以限定本发明可实施的范围，其相对关系的改变或调整，在无实质变更技术内容下，当亦视为本发明可实施的范畴。
如图1所示，本发明提供一种利用船舶发动机排气余热的间接低温多效海水淡化系统，其包括低温多效海水淡化装置4，低温蒸汽发生装置2，以及设于发动机3的排气管道9内的余热回收装置1，海水经预处理和预加热后进入低温多效海水淡化装置4内进行淡化处理，其中，低温多效海水淡化装置4中第一效的进气口、凝结水出口与低温蒸汽发生装置通过管道(即蒸汽管2-1、凝结水管2-2)相连，低温蒸汽发生装置2通过上升管1-1、下降管1-2与余热回收装置1相连。本发明采用低温蒸汽发生装置作为中间热转换点，其吸收利用在发动机排气管道内余热回收装置吸收的热量来产生低温蒸汽，确保进入低温多效海水淡化装置内的蒸汽温度低于70°，同时余热回收装置的壁面温度也不会低于酸露点温度，确保了余热回收装置不会因温度过低而引起酸露腐蚀。
本发明采用双回路热交换的方式实现将发动机排气余热转换成低温多效海水淡化装置所需的低温蒸汽，余热回收装置1通过上升管1-1和下降管1-2与低温蒸汽发生装置2相连形成第一回路，其主要确保余热回收装置的壁面温度高于酸露点温度，以避免余热回收装置在发动机排气管道内受酸露腐蚀；低温蒸汽发生装置2通过蒸汽管2-1、凝结水管2-2与低温多效海水淡化装置4的第一效连接，形成第二回路，其 主要是产生低温多效海水淡化所需的低温蒸汽，即确保产生的蒸汽温度低于70°，使该蒸汽可以作为低温多效海水淡化装置的热源。本发明有效的利用了发动机排气余热，将海水转化成淡水，为远洋航行提供淡水供给，又确保了置于发动机排气管道内的余热回收装置不会产生酸露腐蚀。
上述第一效的凝结水出口与低温蒸汽发生装置2相连的凝结水管2-2还与一淡水补给管14相连通，且在该淡水补给管14上设有开关阀15，这样当低温多效海水淡化装置的第一效产生的凝结水不能满足第二回路循环时，可以通过外部补给。
上述第一效的凝结水出口与低温蒸汽发生装置2相连的凝结水管2-2上设有第一预热器16，该第一预热器16还设置在进入第一效的海水进水管上，第一效产生的凝结水从凝结水出口流出通过第一预热器16预热进入第一效的海水后流回低温蒸汽发生装置2，这样第一效的凝结水可以对进入第一效的海水进行预热，最大量的确保热量的利用。
为便于热量的更好利用，海水经预处理器8处理后分为两路，分别经过一个预热器后进入低温多效海水淡化装置4中，其中一个预热器(即第二预热器12)设在低温多效海水淡化装置4的产品水出水管道7上，另一个预热器(即第三预热器5)设在低温多效海水淡化装置4的浓盐水收集管道6上。该两个预热器分别吸收低温多效海水淡化装置流出的产品水和农盐水的热量，来对进入低温多效海水淡化装置内的海水进行预热，提高整个系统内部的热量利用率。
海水经过预处理器8预处理后分两路分别进入第三预热器5和第二预热器12，吸收产品水和浓盐水的一部分热量，然后进入低温多效海水淡化装置4的冷凝器，在冷凝器中进一步吸收末效蒸发器蒸发的蒸汽的热量预热、脱气，而后分成两股，其中大部分海水进入前面的多效海水蒸发器，多余的海水作为冷却水从冷却海水管13排出。凝结水管2-2上设置有冷凝水回收泵10。上述余热回收装置1上设有温度传感器11，可以实时检测余热回收装置的壁温，，确保余热回收装置的壁面温度高于酸露点温度。
系统启动时，打开开关阀15，通过淡水补给管14给系统进行补水，使淡水进入余热回收装置对淡水进行加热和开始水循环。如果用低温低压蒸汽作为热源，系统启动时还需要对蒸汽管2-1进行抽真空，使产生的蒸汽温度为第一效所需的温度。如果直接用热水作为热源，则可加热水温至所需温度。建立低温多效海水淡化装置4的真空状态，海水经过预处理器8、第三预热器5和第二预热器12之后进入低温多效海 水淡化装置4，饱和蒸汽或者热水在低温多效海水淡化装置4的第一效与原料海水完成热交换，同时原料海水在换热管外产生几乎等量的新生蒸汽并被引入到下一效的换热管中，重复蒸发冷凝过程以产生产品水，凝结水在冷凝水回收泵10的作用下通过凝结水管2-2进入低温蒸汽发生装置2循环利用。系统运行过程中通过控制余热回收装置1中的压力控制其蒸发温度，从而控制壁温一直维持在酸露点温度以上，从根本上避免酸露腐蚀的产生。同时采用双回路还能在维持壁温高于酸露点的同时产生低温多效海水淡化所需的低温热源，不会造成海水淡化设备的结垢问题。
该发明同样适用于其他含硫燃料的加热炉，相应的，上述发动机排气管道9为加热炉的烟道。
综上所述，本发明的利用船舶发动机排气余热的间接低温多效海水淡化系统，采用低温蒸汽发生装置作为中间热转换点，其吸收利用在发动机排气管道内余热回收装置吸收的热量来产生低温蒸汽，确保进入低温多效海水淡化装置内的蒸汽温度低于70°，而余热回收装置的壁面温度也不会低于酸露点温度，确保了余热回收装置不会产生酸露腐蚀。所以，本发明有效克服了现有技术中的种种缺点而具高度产业利用价值。
上述实施例仅例示性说明本发明的原理及其功效，而非用于限制本发明。任何熟悉此技术的人士皆可在不违背本发明的精神及范畴下，对上述实施例进行修饰或改变。因此，举凡所属技术领域中具有通常知识者在未脱离本发明所揭示的精神与技术思想下所完成的一切等效修饰或改变，仍应由本发明的权利要求所涵盖。

Claims (6)

  1. 一种利用船舶发动机排气余热的间接低温多效海水淡化系统，其特征在于，包括低温多效海水淡化装置(4)，低温蒸汽发生装置(2)，以及设于发动机排气管道(9)内的余热回收装置(1)，海水经预处理和预加热后进入所述低温多效海水淡化装置(4)内进行淡化处理，其中，所述低温多效海水淡化装置(4)中第一效的进气口、凝结水出口与低温蒸汽发生装置(2)通过管道相连，低温蒸汽发生装置(2)通过上升管(1-1)、下降管(1-2)与所述余热回收装置(1)相连。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的利用船舶发动机排气余热的间接低温多效海水淡化系统，其特征在于：所述第一效的凝结水出口与所述低温蒸汽发生装置(2)相连的管道上设有第一预热器(16)，所述第一预热器(16)还设置在进入第一效的海水进水管上。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的利用船舶发动机排气余热的间接低温多效海水淡化系统，其特征在于：所述海水经预处理后分为两路，分别经过一个预热器后进入所述低温多效海水淡化装置中，其中一个预热器设在所述低温多效海水淡化装置(4)的产品水出水管道(7)上，另一个预热器设在所述低温多效海水淡化装置(4)的浓盐水收集管道(6)上。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的利用船舶发动机排气余热的间接低温多效海水淡化系统，其特征在于：所述余热回收装置(1)上设有温度传感器(11)。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的利用船舶发动机排气余热的间接低温多效海水淡化系统，其特征在于：所述第一效的淡水出口与所述低温蒸汽发生装置(2)相连的管道还与一淡水补给管(14)相连通。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的利用船舶发动机排气余热的间接低温多效海水淡化系统，其特征在于：所述船舶发动机(3)替换为含硫燃料的加热炉，相应的，所述发动机排气管道(9)为加热炉的烟道。
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CN110526318B (zh) * 2019-09-17 2023-10-24 国能龙源环保南京有限公司 一种烟气消白耦合海水淡化的能量综合利用方法及系统
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CN114149045A (zh) * 2020-11-13 2022-03-08 山东大学 一种换热器及船舶废气余热的海水淡化装置
CN114526621A (zh) * 2021-03-26 2022-05-24 山东大学 一种烟气温控音乐预警的热管换热装置
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