WO2015188317A1 - 热电模块的测试系统及热电模块的测试方法 - Google Patents
热电模块的测试系统及热电模块的测试方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015188317A1 WO2015188317A1 PCT/CN2014/079614 CN2014079614W WO2015188317A1 WO 2015188317 A1 WO2015188317 A1 WO 2015188317A1 CN 2014079614 W CN2014079614 W CN 2014079614W WO 2015188317 A1 WO2015188317 A1 WO 2015188317A1
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- heat
- thermoelectric module
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- heat flow
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N25/00—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means
- G01N25/20—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating the development of heat, i.e. calorimetry, e.g. by measuring specific heat, by measuring thermal conductivity
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R19/00—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof
- G01R19/0092—Measuring current only
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R21/00—Arrangements for measuring electric power or power factor
- G01R21/133—Arrangements for measuring electric power or power factor by using digital technique
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R27/00—Arrangements for measuring resistance, reactance, impedance, or electric characteristics derived therefrom
- G01R27/02—Measuring real or complex resistance, reactance, impedance, or other two-pole characteristics derived therefrom, e.g. time constant
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N10/00—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects
- H10N10/01—Manufacture or treatment
Definitions
- thermoelectric module testing relates to the field of thermoelectric module testing, and more particularly to a test system for a thermoelectric module and a test method for the thermoelectric module.
- BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Existing test systems generally can only test the electrical output performance of a thermoelectric module under a certain temperature condition, and cannot obtain thermoelectric conversion efficiency. The mechanical pressure at which the thermoelectric module is fixed may affect its performance. The most suitable pressurization conditions for different thermoelectric modules are generally different. This is an important but often overlooked test factor.
- Existing test devices are typically fixed clamping forces. The parallelism of the upper and lower contact surfaces of the thermoelectric module will have a great influence on the quality of the thermal contact, which will determine the accuracy of the temperature test results.
- thermoelectric module Existing test devices generally achieve self-adjustment of parallelism by multiple spring pressurization, but this method is passive and the accuracy is not controllable.
- the existing test equipment is generally water-cooled, and the minimum test temperature of the cold end can only be controlled to about 10 degrees at room temperature.
- the present invention provides a test system for a thermoelectric module, the test system comprising: an electrical performance test unit, the electrical performance test unit is electrically connected to the thermoelectric module in a power generation state to test the output power P of the thermoelectric module and The current I and the internal resistance R of the output power operation; the heat flux detecting unit, the heat flux detecting unit comprises a heat flow sensor disposed at the cold end of the thermoelectric module for detecting the heat flux Q el of the cold end of the thermoelectric module;
- the processor is electrically connected to the electrical performance testing unit to receive information detected by the electrical performance testing unit, and the processor is electrically connected to the heat flux detecting unit to receive the heat of the cold end of the thermoelectric module detected by the heat flux detecting unit
- the flux Q el the processor is used to calculate the thermoelectric conversion efficiency n of the thermoelectric module according to the formula ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ + ⁇ - ⁇ 2 ⁇ .
- the heat flux detecting unit includes a plurality of heat flow sensors located in the same plane, the plurality of heat flow sensors are rectangular heat flow sheets, and the thermoelectric module has a first symmetry axis parallel to the opposite sides thereof, and the plurality of heat flow sensors The plurality of heat flow sensors are gradually increased in length in a direction away from the first axis of symmetry with respect to the first axis of symmetry. Further, the thermoelectric module further has a second axis of symmetry perpendicular to the first axis of symmetry, and the plurality of heat flow sensors are all symmetrically disposed with respect to the second axis of symmetry.
- the test system of the thermoelectric module further includes a test platform for arranging the thermoelectric module, the test platform includes: a first temperature control unit, the first temperature control unit includes a first plane; the second temperature control unit, the second temperature control unit The second plane is included, and the thermoelectric module is disposed between the first plane and the second plane, wherein the heat flow sensor is disposed between the first plane and the thermoelectric module.
- the second temperature control unit is provided with a first through hole, the opening of the first through hole is disposed on the second plane, and the test platform further includes an optical fiber disposed in the first through hole.
- the testing platform further includes: a support plate, the first temperature control unit is disposed on the support plate; and the first heat insulating material layer is disposed between the support plate and the first temperature control unit. .
- the test platform further includes an insulating material disposed around the heat flow sensor and the thermoelectric module.
- the test platform further includes a heat conductive material plate fixed on the first plane, the heat conductive material plate includes a first surface facing the first plane and a second surface facing away from the first plane, and the second surface is provided with the heat flow sensor Fitted receiving slot.
- the second temperature control unit is movably disposed in a direction perpendicular to the first plane with respect to the first temperature control unit.
- the test platform further includes a driving unit for driving the second temperature control unit to move in a direction perpendicular to the first plane
- the driving unit includes: a fixing member fixedly disposed with respect to the first temperature control unit, the fixing member The threaded hole is arranged on the driving screw, the extending direction of the driving screw is consistent with the moving direction of the second temperature control unit, the driving screw is threadedly engaged with the threaded hole, and the driving screw is drivingly connected with the second temperature control unit.
- the test platform further includes a driving unit for driving the second temperature control unit to move in a direction perpendicular to the first plane and a transmission portion for transmitting power of the driving unit to the second temperature control unit, the transmission portion comprising: The first moving plate, the first moving plate is connected to the driving unit through a bearing; the second moving plate, the second moving plate is elastically connected to the first moving plate, and the second moving plate abuts the second temperature control unit.
- the testing system further includes a guiding portion, the guiding portion comprises: a pulley, the pulley is connected with the first moving plate; the sliding rail, the extending direction of the sliding rail is consistent with the moving direction of the second temperature control unit, and the sliding rail cooperates with the pulley Settings.
- the test platform further includes a second layer of insulating material disposed between the second moving plate and the second temperature control unit.
- the first moving plate is provided with a second through hole
- the transmission portion further includes: a connecting bolt, the connecting bolt is connected to the second moving plate through the second through hole disposed on the first moving plate; the spring, the spring sleeve It is disposed on the connecting bolt and located between the first moving plate and the second moving plate.
- the transmission portion includes a plurality of connecting bolts. Further, the inner diameter of the second through hole is larger than the outer diameter of the connecting bolt, and the second moving plate is provided with a threaded hole adapted to the connecting bolt.
- the test system further includes a heat flow guiding unit disposed between the cold end of the thermoelectric module and the first plane.
- the heat flow guiding unit comprises: a heat conducting sheet, the heat conducting sheet is disposed between the cold end of the thermoelectric module and the heat flow sensor; the first heat insulating board, the first heat insulating board is provided with a heat conducting sheet receiving hole, and the heat conducting sheet is disposed at the heat conducting The sheet is received in the hole.
- the heat flow guiding unit comprises: a heat conducting sheet, the heat conducting sheet is disposed between the cold end of the thermoelectric module and the heat flow sensor; and the first heat insulating board is disposed between the thermoelectric module and the heat flow sensor, the first partition
- the hot plate is provided with a heat conducting sheet receiving groove, and the heat conducting piece is disposed in the heat conducting piece receiving groove.
- the heat conducting sheet receiving groove is opened on a surface of the first heat insulating board facing away from the thermoelectric module.
- the heat flow guiding unit further comprises a heat conducting plate disposed between the first plane and the first heat insulating board, and the heat flow sensor is disposed between the heat conducting board and the heat conducting sheet.
- the heat flow guiding unit further includes a second heat insulating plate disposed between the first heat insulating plate and the heat conducting plate, and the second heat insulating plate is provided with a receiving through hole adapted to the heat flow sensor.
- a sensor receiving groove for accommodating the heat flow sensor is disposed on a surface of the heat conducting plate facing the heat conductive sheet. Further, the depth of the sensor receiving groove is smaller than the thickness of the heat flow sensor, and the heat flow guiding unit further includes a second heat insulating plate disposed between the first heat insulating plate and the heat conducting plate, and the second heat insulating plate is provided with the heat flow sensor
- the adapted receiving aperture is adapted to receive a portion of the heat flow sensor that is above the sensor receiving slot.
- the invention also provides a test method for a thermoelectric module, which comprises detecting the performance of the thermoelectric module by using the above-mentioned test system of the thermoelectric module. Further, the testing method includes a thermoelectric conversion efficiency testing method, and the thermoelectric conversion efficiency testing method includes:
- thermoelectric conversion efficiency n, n P/Q h is obtained . Further, the output power P of the thermoelectric module is the maximum output power of the thermoelectric module.
- the cooling current of the thermoelectric module in the cooling operation state is changed a plurality of times, and the heat flux Q of the cold end of the thermoelectric module at each cooling current is measured. 2. Then plot the relationship between the cooling current and the heat flux Q c2 of the cold junction of the thermoelectric module. The maximum value of the heat flux Q c2 in the curve is the maximum cooling capacity of the thermoelectric module.
- the test system includes an electrical performance testing unit, a heat flux detecting unit and a processor, and the electrical performance testing unit is electrically connected with the thermoelectric module under the power generating working state to test the output power of the thermoelectric module and the output
- the current and internal resistance under power operation the heat flux detecting unit includes a heat flow sensor disposed at a cold end of the thermoelectric module for detecting a heat flux of the cold end of the thermoelectric module
- the processor is electrically connected to the electrical performance testing unit to receive electrical performance.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a test system of a thermoelectric module according to a first embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a test platform according to a first embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 4 is a plan view of the first temperature control device, the heat conductive material plate and the heat flow sensor of the first embodiment of the invention;
- FIG. 4 shows a top view of FIG. 3;
- FIG. 5 shows a plurality of heat flow sensors in the first embodiment of the present invention.
- Arrangement of Figure 6 is a schematic view showing the structure of a heat flow guiding unit according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
- an embodiment of the present invention provides a test system for a thermoelectric module including an electrical performance test unit 1, a heat flux detection unit, and a processor 3.
- the electrical performance test unit 1 is electrically connected to the thermoelectric module 2 in a power generating state to test the output power P of the thermoelectric module 2 and the current I and the internal resistance R under the operation of the output power.
- the heat flux detecting unit includes a heat flux sensor 5 disposed at a cold end of the thermoelectric module for detecting a heat flux Q el of a cold end of the thermoelectric module.
- the processor 3 is electrically connected to the electrical performance testing unit 1 to receive information detected by the electrical performance testing unit 1, and the processor 3 is electrically connected to the heat flux detecting unit to receive the thermoelectric module 2 detected by the heat flux detecting unit.
- the heat flux Q el of the cold end, the processor 3 is used to calculate the thermoelectric conversion efficiency ⁇ of the thermoelectric module 2 according to the formula ⁇ + ⁇ - ⁇ 2 ⁇ .
- the existing test system generally can only test the electrical output performance of the thermoelectric module under certain temperature conditions, and cannot obtain the thermoelectric conversion efficiency.
- the present embodiment provides a test system for a thermoelectric module capable of testing the thermoelectric conversion efficiency of a thermoelectric module.
- thermoelectric conversion efficiency of the thermoelectric module When testing the thermoelectric conversion efficiency of the thermoelectric module by using the test system of the thermoelectric module of the embodiment, the temperature of the cold end and the hot end of the thermoelectric module is first controlled to a stable temperature. Then use the following test methods to test the thermoelectric conversion efficiency of the thermoelectric module:
- the output power P of the thermoelectric module is the maximum output power of the thermoelectric module.
- the heat flux detecting unit comprises a plurality of heat flow sensors 5 in the same plane, the plurality of heat flow sensors 5 are rectangular heat flow sheets, and the thermoelectric module 2 has a first symmetry axis parallel to the opposite sides thereof, and a plurality of heat flow sensors 5 symmetrically disposed with respect to the first axis of symmetry, the plurality of heat flow sensors 5 gradually increase in length in a direction gradually away from the first axis of symmetry.
- the thermoelectric module 2 also has a second axis of symmetry perpendicular to the first axis of symmetry, the plurality of heat flow sensors 5 being arranged symmetrically with respect to the second axis of symmetry.
- FIG. 5 shows the arrangement of a plurality of heat flow sensors in the embodiment of the invention: a 10*10 mm heat flow sheet is arranged centrally, and a 30*8 mm heat flow sheet is arranged at intervals of 2 mm on the left and right sides thereof. Then, a 50*8 mm heat flow sheet was respectively arranged at intervals of 2 mm on the side of the two 30*8 mm heat flow sheets away from the 10*10 mm heat flow sheets.
- the arrangement can measure a thermoelectric module with a side length greater than 10 mm. When the side length of the thermoelectric module is 10 to 12 mm, only the middle 10*10 mm heat flow sheet is used; when the side length of the thermoelectric module is 12-20 mm, 10*10 m and two are used.
- a 30*8mm heat flow sheet all heat flow sheets are used when the side length of the thermoelectric module is greater than 20 mm.
- Wa, Wb and Wc are the average heat flux values tested by 10*10mm, 30*8mm and 50*8mm heat flow sheets, respectively.
- the arrangement of the plurality of heat flow sensors of the embodiment can complete testing of various types of thermoelectric modules by using a limited heat flow sensor, effectively utilizing the heat flow sensor, and reducing the cost of the test system.
- the test system of the thermoelectric module further includes a test platform for arranging the thermoelectric module, and the test platform includes a first temperature control unit 41 and a second temperature control unit 42.
- the first temperature control unit includes a first plane.
- the second temperature control unit includes a second plane, and the thermoelectric module 2 is disposed between the first plane and the second plane.
- the heat flow sensor 5 is disposed between the first plane and the thermoelectric module 2.
- the first temperature control unit 41 is a refrigerating plate.
- the refrigeration plate includes an outer casing and a heat exchange conduit disposed within the outer casing. The surface of the outer casing forms a first plane of the first temperature control unit.
- the test platform also includes a heat exchange medium storage tank, a connecting line, an electronic valve, a first temperature sensor, and a refrigeration controller.
- the heat exchange medium is liquid nitrogen.
- the heat exchange medium storage tank is a liquid nitrogen bottle.
- the heat exchange medium bottle and the heat exchange pipe in the refrigeration plate are connected by a connecting pipe.
- the electronic valve is placed on the connecting line.
- the temperature sensor is electrically connected to the refrigeration control.
- the first temperature sensor is configured to detect the temperature of the cooling plate and transmit the detected temperature information of the cooling plate to the refrigeration controller.
- the refrigeration controller is electrically coupled to the electronic valve to control the electronic valve.
- the refrigeration control controls the on and off of the electronic valve according to the temperature of the refrigerating plate detected by the first temperature sensor, thereby realizing the control of the temperature of the refrigerating plate.
- the second temperature control unit 42 is a heating temperature control plate.
- the test platform also includes a heating unit for providing a heat source for heating the temperature control panel, a second temperature sensor for detecting the temperature of the second temperature control unit 42, and a heating controller.
- the heating controller controls the heating operation of the heating unit according to the temperature of the second temperature control unit 42 detected by the second temperature sensor, thereby achieving temperature control of the second temperature control unit.
- both the refrigeration controller and the heating controller are electrically coupled to the processor to exchange information. When the temperature of the first temperature control unit detected by the first temperature sensor reaches a predetermined temperature value, the refrigeration controller transmits the information to the processor.
- the heating controller transmits the information to the processor.
- the processor calculates the thermoelectric conversion efficiency of the thermoelectric module according to the information detected by the electrical performance testing unit 1 and the heat flux detecting unit.
- a first through hole is defined in the second temperature control unit 42. The opening of the first through hole is disposed on the second plane, and the test platform further includes an optical fiber disposed in the first through hole. In order to make the cold end and the hot end of the thermoelectric module in close contact with the first temperature control unit 41 and the second temperature control unit 42, respectively, to sufficiently exchange heat.
- the test platform also includes a support plate 47 and a first layer of insulating material.
- the first temperature control unit 41 is disposed on the support plate 47.
- the first insulating material layer is disposed between the support plate 47 and the first temperature control unit 41.
- the first layer of insulating material further comprises a portion surrounding the first temperature control unit 41.
- the first temperature control unit 41 is mounted on the support plate 47 with a heat insulating material such as asbestos or the like having a thickness of about 5 mm.
- the refrigeration heat exchange medium can be water or liquid nitrogen. The heat exchange power is varied by adjusting the flow rate of the refrigerant heat exchange medium pumped into the refrigeration plate to control the temperature of the cold end of the thermoelectric module.
- the connecting line of the first temperature control unit 41, the first temperature sensor (thermocouple) and the wires of the heat flow sensor are led through the first layer of insulating material.
- the thickness of general commercial thermoelectric modules is 3 ⁇ 5mm, and the thickness of some miniature thermoelectric modules is even less than 1mm.
- the test platform also includes an insulating material 43 disposed around the heat flow sensor 5 and the thermoelectric module 2.
- the insulating material 43 is a high infrared reflective and thermally insulating composite. In this embodiment, heat transfer between the first temperature control unit and the second temperature control unit is reduced by arranging a high infrared reflective and thermally insulating composite material between the first plane and the second plane.
- High-infrared reflective insulation materials can be selected, for example: Multi-layer composites of aluminum foil and fiberglass cloth. One layer of aluminum foil and one layer of glass fiber cloth are alternately arranged. The metal foil has a high infrared reflection coefficient. According to the calculation of a plurality of laminations, the influence of infrared radiation leakage can be reduced to a negligible degree; the glass fiber itself has a low thermal conductivity, and some air is separated, which can conduct heat conduction. The effect of heat leakage is significantly reduced.
- the test platform further includes a thermally conductive material plate 44 secured to the first plane, the thermally conductive material plate 44 including a first surface facing the first plane and a second surface facing away from the first plane, the second surface being open with the heat flow sensor 5 Fitted receiving slot.
- the sheet of thermally conductive material is a copper plate.
- the heat flow sheet is mounted by a copper plate having a thickness of 5 to 10 mm.
- the copper plate is fixed to the first plane of the first temperature control unit 41 by a countersunk screw, and the positioning screw hole is used for assembling the high infrared reflection heat insulating composite material.
- the heat flow sheet is a heat flow sensor capable of testing the heat flux, and the heat flow sheet is mounted on the copper plate in a semi-buried manner, and the wires of the heat flow sheet are taken out from under the copper plate.
- the second temperature control unit 42 is movably disposed relative to the first temperature control unit 41 in a direction perpendicular to the first plane.
- the second temperature control unit 42 is movably disposed relative to the first temperature control unit 41 to clamp the thermoelectric module between the first plane and the second plane.
- the test platform also includes a drive unit for driving the second temperature control unit 42 to move in a direction perpendicular to the first plane, the drive unit including a fixture 461 and a drive screw 462.
- the fixing member 461 is fixedly disposed with respect to the first temperature control unit 41, and the fixing member 461 is provided with a threaded hole.
- the driving screw 462 extends in the same direction as the second temperature control unit 42.
- the driving screw 462 is threadedly engaged with the threaded hole, and the driving screw 462 is drivingly coupled to the second temperature control unit 42.
- the size of the threaded holes is determined by the maximum clamping force required. For example, a maximum clamping pressure of 800 kg requires a threaded hole diameter of 50 mm or more.
- the size of the pitch is related to the accuracy of the driving screw 462 moving in the extending direction of the driving screw 462.
- the test platform further includes a drive unit for driving the second temperature control unit 42 to move in a direction perpendicular to the first plane and a transmission portion 463 for transmitting the power of the drive unit to the second temperature control unit 42.
- a moving plate 463 1 and a second moving plate 4632 The first moving plate 463 1 is coupled to the drive unit via a bearing.
- the second moving plate 4632 is elastically connected to the first moving plate 463 1 , and the second moving plate 4632 is in contact with the second temperature control unit 42 .
- the first end bearing of the drive screw is coupled to the first moving plate 463 1 through which pressure is transmitted.
- the application of the bearing effectively eliminates the influence of the frictional force, thereby improving the accuracy of applying the clamping pressure.
- the test system also includes a guide that includes a pulley 481 and a slide rail.
- the pulley 481 is coupled to the first moving plate 463 1 .
- the extending direction of the slide rail coincides with the moving direction of the second temperature control unit 42, and the slide rail is disposed in cooperation with the pulley 481.
- the test platform further includes a second layer of insulating material disposed between the second moving plate 4632 and the second temperature control unit 42.
- the second layer of insulating material further includes a portion surrounding the second temperature control unit 42. Effectively reduce heat loss and increase heat utilization.
- the first moving plate 4631 is provided with a second through hole, and the transmission portion 463 further includes a connecting bolt 4633 and a spring 4634.
- the connecting bolt 4633 is connected to the second moving plate 4632 through the second through hole disposed on the first moving plate 4631.
- the spring 4634 is sleeved on the connecting bolt 4633 and located between the first moving plate 4631 and the second moving plate 4632.
- the transmission portion includes a plurality of connecting bolts 4633 and a plurality of springs 4634 disposed in one-to-one correspondence with the plurality of bolts.
- the spring provided corresponding to the connecting bolt can be adjusted by rotating the connecting bolt 4633, thereby adjusting the parallelism between the second moving plate and the second moving plate.
- the test system of the thermoelectric module provided by the embodiment can also measure the cooling capacity of the thermoelectric module. Methods for measuring cooling capacity include:
- thermoelectric module S1 controlling the hot end temperature T h of the thermoelectric module in the cooling working state and the cold end temperature T c of the thermoelectric module;
- the cooling current of the thermoelectric module in the cooling working state is changed several times, and the heat flux Q e2 of the cold end of the thermoelectric module under each cooling current is measured, and then the relationship between the cooling current and the heat flux Q e2 of the cold end of the thermoelectric module is plotted.
- the test method for the maximum cooling temperature difference is: keep the cold end constant to Tc, and fix the output of the constant current source at Imax(T C ), change the temperature of the hot end, so that Qc is close to 0, and the temperature difference at this time is the maximum cooling. Temperature difference.
- the second embodiment is an improvement to the first embodiment in that the test system further includes a heat flow guiding unit 6 disposed between the cold end of the thermoelectric module 2 and the first plane.
- the heat flow guiding unit 6 is configured to pass the heat flow of the cold end of the thermoelectric module 2 to the first temperature control unit 41 after passing through the heat flow sensor 5.
- the heat flow guiding unit 6 effectively avoids the loss of the heat flow, so that the entire heat flow of the cold end of the thermoelectric module 2 flows through the heat flow sensor 5, which is advantageous for reducing the gap between the heat flow measured by the heat flow sensor 5 and the true heat flow, and improving The test accuracy of the test system.
- the heat flow guiding unit 6 includes a heat conductive sheet 61 and a first heat insulating plate 62.
- the heat conducting sheet 61 is disposed between the cold end of the thermoelectric module and the heat flow sensor 5.
- the first heat insulating plate 62 is disposed between the thermoelectric module and the heat flow sensor 5.
- the first heat insulating plate 62 is provided with a heat conducting sheet receiving groove, and the heat conducting sheet 61 is disposed in the heat conducting sheet receiving groove.
- the depth in the heat conducting sheet receiving groove is two thirds of the first heat insulating plate 62.
- the first heat shield serves to prevent heat flow from being lost from the periphery of the heat conductive sheet. It is advantageous to improve the measurement accuracy of the heat flow of the thermoelectric module 2.
- the heat transfer sheet holding groove is opened on the surface of the first heat insulation board 62 facing away from the thermoelectric module 2. The heat transfer sheet is in contact with the heat flow sensor 5.
- the heat transfer sheet 61 transfers the heat flow of the cold end of the thermoelectric module 2 to the heat flow sensor 5. It is also preferable that the heat flow guiding unit 6 includes the heat conductive sheet 61 and the first heat insulating plate 62.
- the heat conducting sheet 61 is disposed between the cold end of the thermoelectric module and the heat flow sensor 5.
- the first heat insulating plate 62 is provided with a heat conducting sheet receiving hole, and the heat conducting sheet 61 is disposed in the heat conducting sheet receiving hole.
- the heat conducting sheet 61 is placed in a heat conducting sheet accommodating hole provided on the first heat insulating board 62, and the first heat insulating board functions to prevent heat flow from being lost from the periphery of the heat conductive sheet.
- the heat flow guiding unit 6 further includes a heat conducting plate 63 disposed between the first plane and the first heat insulating plate 62, and the heat flow sensor 5 is disposed between the heat conducting plate 63 and the heat conducting sheet 61.
- the first surface of the heat conducting plate 63 abuts the first plane of the first temperature control unit 41, and the second surface of the heat conducting plate 63 abuts the thermoelectric module.
- the area of the heat conducting plate 63 is larger than the area of the heat flow sensor. Therefore, the heat conducting plate 63 facilitates the transfer of the flow through the heat flow sensor 5 to the first temperature control unit 41.
- the heat flow guiding unit 6 further includes a second heat insulating plate 64 disposed between the first heat insulating plate 62 and the heat conducting plate 63, and the second heat insulating plate 64 is provided with a receiving through hole adapted to the heat flow sensor 5.
- the heat flow sensor 5 is placed in the receiving through hole on the second heat insulating plate 64, which effectively avoids the loss of heat flow, and further improves the measurement accuracy of the test system.
- a sensor accommodating groove for accommodating the heat flow sensor 5 is provided on a surface of the heat conducting plate 63 facing the heat transfer sheet 61. The heat flow sensor 5 is disposed in the sensor housing groove.
- the accommodating groove is for fixing the heat flow sensor 5 to prevent the heat flow sensor 5 from moving relative to the heat conducting plate 63.
- the depth of the sensor receiving groove is smaller than the thickness of the heat flow sensor 5, and the heat flow guiding unit 6 further includes a second heat insulating plate 64 disposed between the first heat insulating plate 62 and the heat conducting plate 63, and the second heat insulating plate 64 is opened and
- the heat flow sensor 5 is adapted to receive a through hole to accommodate a portion of the heat flow sensor 5 that is above the sensor receiving groove.
- the second heat insulating plate 64 serves to prevent heat flow loss of the portion of the heat flow sensor 5 that is higher than the sensor receiving groove, further improves the accuracy of the heat flux detected by the heat flow sensor 5, and improves the test accuracy of the test system.
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Abstract
一种热电模块的测试系统及热电模块的测试方法,所述测试系统包括电学性能测试单元(1)、热通量检测单元和处理器(3),电学性能测试单元(1)与处于发电工作状态下的热电模块(2)电连接以测试热电模块(2)的输出功率P以及在该输出功率工作下的电流I和内阻R,热通量检测单元包括设置在热电模块(2)的冷端的用于检测热电模块(2)的冷端的热通量Q c1的热流传感器(5),处理器(3)与电学性能测试单元(1)电连接以接受电学性能测试单元(1)所检测到的信息,处理器(3)与热通量检测单元电连接以接收热通量检测单元所检测到的热电模块(2)的冷端的热通量Q c1,处理器(3)用于根据公式η=P/(Q c1+P-1/2I 2R)计算热电模块(2)的热电转化效率。应用该测试系统和测试方法,实现了对热电模块的热电转化效率的检测。
Description
热电模块的测试系统及热电模块的测试方法 技术领域 本发明涉及热电模块测试领域, 更具体地, 涉及一种热电模块的测试系统及热电 模块的测试方法。 背景技术 现有的测试系统一般只能测试热电模块在一定温度条件下的电学输出性能, 不能 得到热电转化效率。 热电模块固定时的机械压强可能会影响其性能, 不同热电模块最适合的加压条件 一般是不同的。 这是一个重要但经常被忽略的测试因素。 现有的测试装置通常为固定 夹持力。 热电模块上下接触面的平行度会给热接触的好坏带来很大的影响, 这将决定温度 测试结果的准确性。 现有的测试装置一般通过多股弹簧加压来实现平行度的自调节, 但此方法比较被动, 精度也不可控制。 现有的测试装置一般采用水冷, 其冷端最低测试温度一般只能控制在室温上 10 度左右。 发明内容 本发明旨在提供一种热电模块的测试系统及热电模块的测试方法, 以测量热电模 块的热电转化效率。 为了实现上述目的, 本发明提供了一种热电模块的测试系统, 测试系统包括: 电 学性能测试单元, 电学性能测试单元与处于发电状态下的热电模块电连接以测试热电 模块的输出功率 P以及在该输出功率工作下的电流 I和内阻 R; 热通量检测单元, 热 通量检测单元包括设置在热电模块的冷端的用于检测热电模块的冷端的热通量 Qel的 热流传感器; 处理器, 处理器与电学性能测试单元电连接以接收电学性能测试单元所 检测到的信息, 处理器与热通量检测单元电连接以接收热通量检测单元所检测到的热 电模块的冷端的热通量 Qel,处理器用于根据公式 η ΡΛθ^+Ρ-ΐΛΐ2©计算热电模块的 热电转化效率 n。
进一步地, 热通量检测单元包括位于同一平面内的多个热流传感器, 多个热流传 感器均为矩形的热流片, 热电模块具有与其相对的两条边平行的第一对称轴, 多个热 流传感器相对于第一对称轴对称地设置, 多个热流传感器沿远离第一对称轴的方向长 度逐渐增加。 进一步地, 热电模块还具有与第一对称轴垂直的第二对称轴, 多个热流传感器均 相对于第二对称轴对称地设置。 进一步地, 热电模块的测试系统还包括用于安置热电模块的测试平台, 测试平台 包括: 第一温控单元, 第一温控单元包括第一平面; 第二温控单元, 第二温控单元包 括第二平面, 热电模块设置在第一平面与第二平面之间, 其中, 热流传感器设置在第 一平面与热电模块之间。 进一步地,第二温控单元上开设有第一通孔,第一通孔的开口设置在第二平面上, 测试平台还包括设置在第一通孔内的光纤。 进一步地, 测试平台还包括: 支撑板, 第一温控单元设置在支撑板上; 第一隔热 材料层, 第一隔热材料层设置在支撑板与第一温控单元之间。。 进一步地, 测试平台还包括隔热材料, 隔热材料设置在热流传感器和热电模块的 四周。 进一步地, 测试平台还包括固定在第一平面上的导热材料板, 导热材料板包括朝 向第一平面的第一表面和背离第一平面的第二表面, 第二表面上开设有与热流传感器 相适配的容纳槽。 进一步地, 第二温控单元相对于第一温控单元沿垂直于第一平面的方向可移动地 设置。 进一步地, 测试平台还包括用于驱动第二温控单元沿垂直于第一平面的方向移动 的驱动单元, 驱动单元包括: 固定件, 固定件相对于第一温控单元固定地设置, 固定 件上设置有螺纹孔; 驱动螺杆,驱动螺杆的延伸方向与第二温控单元的移动方向一致, 驱动螺杆与螺纹孔螺纹配合, 驱动螺杆与第二温控单元驱动连接。 进一步地, 测试平台还包括用于驱动第二温控单元沿垂直于第一平面的方向移动 的驱动单元和用于将驱动单元的动力传递给第二温控单元的传动部, 传动部包括: 第 一移动板, 第一移动板通过轴承与驱动单元连接; 第二移动板, 第二移动板与第一移 动板弹性连接, 第二移动板与第二温控单元抵接。
进一步地, 测试系统还包括导向部, 导向部包括: 滑轮, 滑轮与第一移动板连接; 滑轨, 滑轨的延伸方向与第二温控单元的移动方向一致, 滑轨与滑轮相配合地设置。 进一步地, 测试平台还包括第二隔热材料层, 第二隔热材料层设置在第二移动板 与第二温控单元之间。 进一步地, 第一移动板上设置有第二通孔, 传动部还包括: 连接螺栓, 连接螺栓 穿过设置在第一移动板上的第二通孔与第二移动板连接; 弹簧, 弹簧套设在连接螺栓 上并位于第一移动板和第二移动板之间。 进一步地, 传动部包括多个连接螺栓。 进一步地, 第二通孔的内径大于连接螺栓的外径, 第二移动板上设置有与连接螺 栓相适配的螺纹孔。 进一步地, 测试系统还包括设置在热电模块的冷端与第一平面之间的热流引导单 元。 进一步地, 热流引导单元包括: 导热片, 导热片设置在热电模块的冷端与热流传 感器之间; 第一隔热板, 第一隔热板上设置有导热片容纳孔, 导热片设置在导热片容 纳孔内。 进一步地, 热流引导单元包括: 导热片, 导热片设置在热电模块的冷端与热流传 感器之间; 第一隔热板, 第一隔热板设置在热电模块与热流传感器之间, 第一隔热板 上设置有导热片容纳槽, 导热片设置在导热片容纳槽内。 进一步地, 导热片容纳槽开设在第一隔热板的背对热电模块的表面上。 进一步地, 热流引导单元还包括导热板, 导热板设置在第一平面与第一隔热板之 间, 热流传感器设置在导热板与导热片之间。 进一步地, 热流引导单元还包括设置在第一隔热板与导热板之间的第二隔热板, 第二隔热板上开设有与热流传感器相适配的容纳通孔。 进一步地, 导热板的朝向导热片的表面上设置有用于容纳热流传感器的传感器容 纳槽。
进一步地, 传感器容纳槽的深度小于热流传感器的厚度, 热流引导单元还包括设 置在第一隔热板与导热板之间的第二隔热板, 第二隔热板上开设有与热流传感器相适 配的容纳通孔以容纳热流传感器高出传感器容纳槽的部分。 本发明还提供了一种热电模块的测试方法, 测试方法包括利用上述的热电模块的 测试系统检测热电模块的性能。 进一步地, 测试方法包括热电转化效率测试方法, 热电转化效率测试方法包括:
S1 : 测量处于发电状态下的热电模块的输出功率!5、 电流 I、 内阻 R和热电模块的冷 端的热通量 Qel ; S2: 然后求取热电模块的热端的热通量 Qh,
S3: 最 后求取热电转化效率 n, n =P/Qh。 进一步地, 热电模块的输出功率 P为热电模块的最大输出功率。 进一步地, 测试方法包括测量制冷量方法, 测量制冷量方法包括: S1 : 控制处于 制冷工作状态下的热电模块的热端温度 Th和热电模块的冷端温度 Te ; S2:然后测量热 电模块的冷端的热通量 Qc2。 进一步地, 测试方法包括测量制冷量方法, 控制处于制冷工作状态下的热电模块 的热端温度 Th和热电模块的冷端温度 Te, 使得 Th=Te, 然后测量热电模块的冷端的热 通量 Qc2。 进一步地, 多次改变处于制冷工作状态的热电模块的制冷电流, 并测量在每个制 冷电流下的热电模块的冷端的热通量 Q。2, 然后绘制制冷电流和热电模块的冷端的热 通量 Qc2的关系曲线, 曲线中的热通量 Qc2的最大值为热电模块的最大制冷量。 应用本发明的技术方案, 测试系统包括电学性能测试单元、 热通量检测单元和处 理器, 电学性能测试单元与处于发电工作状态下的热电模块电连接以测试热电模块的 输出功率以及在该输出功率工作下的电流和内阻, 热通量检测单元包括设置在热电模 块的冷端的用于检测热电模块的冷端的热通量的热流传感器, 处理器与电学性能测试 单元电连接以接受电学性能测试单元所检测到的信息, 处理器与热通量检测单元电连 接以接收热通量测试单元所检测到的热电模块的冷端的热通量 Qel, 处理器用于公式 根据 η ΡΛθ^+Ρ-ΐΛΐ2©计算热电模块的热电转化效率。 应用发明的技术方案, 实现
附图说明 构成本申请的一部分的说明书附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解, 本发明的示 意性实施例及其说明用于解释本发明, 并不构成对本发明的不当限定。 在附图中: 图 1示出了本发明第一实施例的热电模块的测试系统的结构示意图; 图 2示出了本发明第一实施例的测试平台的结构示意图; 图 3示出了本发明第一实施例的第一温控装置、 导热材料板和热流传感器的装配 结构示意图; 图 4示出了图 3的俯视图; 图 5示出了本发明第一实施例中的多个热流传感器的布置方式; 图 6示出了本发明第二实施例的热流引导单元的结构示意图。 附图标记: 1、 电学性能测试单元; 2、 热电模块; 3、 处理器; 41、 第一温控单 元; 42、 第二温控单元; 43、 隔热材料; 44、 导热材料板; 461、 固定件; 462、 驱动 螺杆; 463、 传动部; 4631、 第一移动板; 4632、 第二移动板; 4633、 连接螺栓; 4634、 弹簧; 47、 支撑板; 481、 滑轮; 5、 热流传感器; 6、 热流引导单元; 61、 导热片; 62、 第一隔热板; 63、 导热板; 64、 第二隔热板。 具体实施方式 需要说明的是, 在不冲突的情况下, 本申请中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相 互组合。 下面将参考附图并结合实施例来详细说明本发明。 第一实施例 如图 1至 4所示, 本发明的实施例提供了一种热电模块的测试系统, 测试系统包 括电学性能测试单元 1、热通量检测单元和处理器 3。 电学性能测试单元 1与处于发电 状态下的热电模块 2电连接以测试热电模块 2的输出功率 P以及在该输出功率工作下 的电流 I和内阻 R。 热通量检测单元, 热通量检测单元包括设置在热电模块的冷端的 用于检测热电模块的冷端的热通量 Qel的热流传感器 5。处理器 3与电学性能测试单元 1 电连接以接收电学性能测试单元 1所检测到的信息, 处理器 3与热通量检测单元电 连接以接收热通量检测单元所检测到的热电模块 2的冷端的热通量 Qel, 处理器 3用 于根据公式 ι^ΡΛί^+Ρ-ΐΛΐ2©计算热电模块 2的热电转化效率 η。
现有的测试系统一般只能测试热电模块在一定温度条件下的电学输出性能, 不能 得到热电转化效率。 为了弥补现有技术的不足, 本实施例提供了一种能够测试热电模 块的热电转化效率的热电模块的测试系统。 利用本实施例的热电模块的测试系统测试热电模块的热电转化效率时首先将热电 模块的冷端和热端的温度分别控制在稳定的温度。 然后利用以下测试方法测试热电模 块的热电转化效率:
S1 : 测量处于发电状态下的热电模块的输出功率!5、 电流 I、 内阻 R和热电模块 的冷端的热通量 Qcl。
S2: 然后求取热电模块的热端的热通量 Qh, Qh=Q£l+P-I2R/2。 S3: 最后求取热电转化效率 η, n =P/Qh。。 优选地, 热电模块的输出功率 P为热电模块的最大输出功率。 本实施例提供了一种热电传感器的布置方式。 热通量检测单元包括位于同一平面 内的多个热流传感器 5, 多个热流传感器 5均为矩形的热流片, 热电模块 2具有与其 相对的两条边平行的第一对称轴, 多个热流传感器 5相对于第一对称轴对称地设置, 多个热流传感器 5沿逐渐远离第一对称轴的方向长度逐渐增加。 热电模块 2还具有与第一对称轴垂直的第二对称轴, 多个热流传感器 5相对于第 二对称轴对称地设置。 图 5 示出了本发明实施例中的多个热流传感器的布置方式: 中央布置一个 10* 10mm的热流片, 在其左右两侧间隔 2mm分别布置一条 30*8mm的热流片。 然后 在两个 30*8mm的热流片的远离 10* 10mm的热流片一侧再间隔 2mm分别布置一条 50*8mm的热流片。 该种布置方式可以测量边长大于 10mm的热电模块, 当热电模块 边长为 10~12mm时仅使用中间 10* 10mm的热流片; 当热电模块边长为 12~20mm时 使用 10* 10m和两个 30*8mm的热流片; 当热电模块边长大于 20mm时使用全部的热 流片。 在计算总热流时需要根据热流密度分布中心对称的假设, 这样总的热流密度 W=(Wa+Wb*8+Wc* 16)/25。其中 Wa、 Wb和 Wc分别为 10* 10mm、 30*8mm和 50*8mm 热流片所测试出来的平均热流密度。 本实施例的多个热流传感器的布置方式可以利用有限的热流传感器完成对多种型 号的热电模块的测试, 有效地利用了热流传感器, 降低了测试系统的成本。
热电模块的测试系统还包括用于安置热电模块的测试平台, 测试平台包括第一温 控单元 41和第二温控单元 42。 第一温控单元包括第一平面。 第二温控单元包括第二 平面, 热电模块 2设置在第一平面与第二平面之间。 热流传感器 5设置在第一平面与 热电模块 2之间。 本实施例中,第一温控单元 41为制冷板。制冷板包括外壳和设置在外壳内的换热 管路。 外壳表面形成第一温控单元的第一平面。 测试平台还包括换热介质储存罐、 连 接管路、 电子阀门、 第一温度传感器和制冷控制器。 换热介质为液氮。 换热介质储存 罐为液氮瓶。 换热介质瓶与制冷板内的换热管路通过连接管路连接。 电子阀门设置在 连接管路上。 温度传感器与制冷控制电连接。 第一温度传感器用于检测制冷板的温度 并将检测到的制冷板的温度信息传递给制冷控制器。 制冷控制器与电子阀门电连接以 控制电子阀门。 制冷控制根据第一温度传感器检测到的制冷板的温度控制电子阀门的 通断, 从而实现了制冷板的温度的控制。 第二温控单元 42为加热温控板。测试平台还包括用于为加热温控板提供热源的加 热单元、用于检测第二温控单元 42的温度的第二温度传感器和加热控制器。加热控制 器根据第二温度传感器检测到的第二温控单元 42的温度控制加热单元的加热工作,从 而实现了对第二温控单元的温度控制。 本实施例了中, 制冷控制器和加热控制器均与处理器电连接以交换信息。 当第一 温度传感器检测到的第一温控单元的温度到达预定温度值后, 制冷控制器将此信息传 递给处理器。 当第二温度传感器检测到的第二温控单元 42的温度到达预定温度值后, 加热控制器将此信息传递给处理器。 第一温控单元 41和第二温控单元 42的温度均达 到相应的预定值后, 处理器根据电学性能测试单元 1和热通量检测单元检测到的信息 计算热电模块的热电转化效率。 第二温控单元 42上开设有第一通孔,第一通孔的开口设置在第二平面上,测试平 台还包括设置在第一通孔内的光纤。 为了使热电模块的冷端和热端分别与第一温控单元 41和第二温控单元 42紧密接 触以充分换热。 在预压紧热电模块后, 需要调解第一平面、 第二平面和热电模块的平 行度。 为了检测第二平面与热电模块之间的平行度, 将一根玻璃光纤一头插入第一通 孔, 另一头对准发光物体例如手电, 如果第二平面和热电模块之间不平行则可以观察 到光线从接触面未贴紧的缝隙中射出, 此时调整水平调节螺栓的相对位置, 直至观察 不到下方射出的光线。
测试平台还包括支撑板 47和第一隔热材料层。第一温控单元 41设置在支撑板 47 上。 第一隔热材料层设置在支撑板 47与第一温控单元 41之间。 优选地, 第一隔热材料层还包括围绕在第一温控单元 41的部分。 第一温控单元 41安装在支撑板 47上,之间垫上厚度 5mm左右的隔热材料例如石 棉等。 制冷换热介质可以采用水或液氮。 通过调整泵入制冷板的制冷换热介质的流速 来改变换热功率, 从而控制热电模块的冷端的温度。第一温控单元 41的连接管路、第 一温度传感器 (热电偶) 和热流传感器的导线穿过第一隔热材料层引出。 一般商用热电模块的厚度在 3~5mm, 部分微型热电模块厚度甚至小于 lmm。 当 第一温控单元的第一平面和第二温控单元的第二平面之间的距离越小, 它们之间的辐 射传热量会越可观, 这给热流测量带来很大的误差, 可能还会导致无法建立出需要的 温度梯度。 测试平台还包括隔热材料 43, 隔热材料 43设置在热流传感器 5和热电模 块 2的四周。 优选地, 隔热材料 43为高红外反射且绝热的复合材料。 本实施例中通过在第一平面与第二平面之间布置高红外反射且绝热的复合材料来 降低第一温控单元与第二温控单元的热传递。 可以选择的高红外反射绝热材料例如: 铝箔和玻璃纤维布的多层复合材料一层铝 箔一层玻璃纤维布交替排列。 金属箔具有较高的红外反射系数, 据计算多个叠层后可 以将红外辐射漏热的影响降低到可以忽略的程度; 玻璃纤维本身导热率很低, 其中又 间隔了一些空气, 可以将热传导漏热的影响明显降低。 测试平台还包括固定在第一平面上的导热材料板 44, 导热材料板 44包括朝向第 一平面的第一表面和背离第一平面的第二表面, 第二表面上开设有与热流传感器 5相 适配的容纳槽。 优选地, 导热材料板为铜板。 如图 3和图 4所示。 本实施中, 通过一个厚度 5~10mm的铜板来安装热流片。 用 埋头螺钉将铜板固定在第一温控单元 41的第一平面上,而定位螺孔用于装配高红外反 射绝热复合材料。 热流片为一种可以测试热通量的热流传感器, 热流片通过半埋的方 式安装在铜板上, 热流片的导线从铜板下方引出。 第二温控单元 42相对于第一温控单元 41沿垂直于第一平面的方向可移动地设置。
第二温控单元 42相对第一温控单元 41可以移动地设置以将热电模块夹持于第一 平面与第二平面之间。 测试平台还包括用于驱动第二温控单元 42 沿垂直于第一平面的方向移动的驱动 单元, 驱动单元包括固定件 461和驱动螺杆 462。 固定件 461相对于第一温控单元 41 固定地设置, 固定件 461上设置有螺纹孔。 驱动螺杆 462的延伸方向与第二温控单元 42的移动方向一致, 驱动螺杆 462与螺纹孔螺纹配合, 驱动螺杆 462与第二温控单元 42驱动连接。 螺纹孔的尺寸根据所需最大的夹持力确定。 例如 800 公斤的最大夹持压力需要 50mm以上螺纹孔直径。 螺距的大小与驱动螺杆 462的沿驱动螺杆 462的延伸方向移 动的精度有关, 例如螺距 0.5mm的螺纹可以将垂直进给的误差控制在 10微米以下。 通常来说 5微米以上的垂直精确度对于绝大多数热电模块的测试已经完全足够。 测试平台还包括用于驱动第二温控单元 42 沿垂直于第一平面的方向移动的驱动 单元和用于将驱动单元动力传递给第二温控单元 42的传动部 463, 传动部 463包括第 一移动板 463 1和第二移动板 4632。 第一移动板 463 1通过轴承与驱动单元连接。第二移动板 4632与第一移动板 463 1 弹性连接, 第二移动板 4632与第二温控单元 42抵接。 驱动螺杆的第一端轴承与第一移动板 463 1连接,通过该轴承传递压力。相比和第 一移动板直接接触, 应用轴承有效地消除了摩擦力的影响, 从而提高了施加夹持压力 的精度。 相比和上顶板刚性连接, 可以避免整个传动机构的旋转, 从而降低了整体设 计难度和加工精度要求。 测试系统还包括导向部,导向部包括滑轮 481和滑轨。滑轮 481与第一移动板 463 1 连接。滑轨的延伸方向与第二温控单元 42的移动方向一致,滑轨与滑轮 481相配合地 设置。 测试平台还包括第二隔热材料层,第二隔热材料层设置在第二移动板 4632与第二 温控单元 42之间。 优选地,第二隔热材料层还包括围绕在第二温控单元 42的部分。有效地降低了热 量的损失, 提高了热量的利用率。
第一移动板 4631设置有第二通孔,传动部 463还包括连接螺栓 4633和弹簧 4634。 连接螺栓 4633穿过设置在第一移动板 4631上第二通孔与第二移动板 4632连接。弹簧 4634套设在连接螺栓 4633上并位于第一移动板 4631和第二移动板 4632之间。 本实施例中,传动部包括多个连接螺栓 4633和与多个螺栓一一对应地设置的多个 弹簧 4634。 通过旋转连接螺栓 4633可以调节与该连接螺栓相对应设置的弹簧, 从而 调节第二移动板与第二移动板之间的平行度。 另外利用本实施例提供的热电模块的测试系统还可以测量热电模块的制冷量。 测 量制冷量方法包括:
S1 : 控制处于制冷工作状态下的热电模块的热端温度 Th和热电模块的冷端温度 Tc;
S2: 然后测量热电模块的冷端的热通量 ¾2。 测试方法包括测量制冷量方法, 控制处于制冷工作状态下的热电模块的热端温度 Th和热电模块的冷端温度 Te, 使得 Th=Te, 然后测量热电模块的冷端的热通量 Qc2。 根据理论, 热电制冷量 Qc的表达式可以表示为: QC2 = aNPTJ - Th - Tc、
其中 0^1>为赛贝克系数, ¾和 分别为热端和冷端温度, I为电流, R为内阻, k 为热电模块的热阻。 可以看出, 当热电模块的冷端温度和热端温度相同时可以达到理 论最高制冷量。测试时第一温控单元 41和第二温控单元的温度设定为相同的温度, 即 最大制冷量测试温度。 多次改变处于制冷工作状态的热电模块的制冷电流, 并测量在每个制冷电流下的 热电模块的冷端的热通量 Qe2,然后绘制制冷电流和热电模块的冷端的热通量 Qe2关系 曲线, 曲线中的热通量 Qc2的最大值为热电模块的最大制冷量。 从公式可以看出, 当 Qc2=0时也就是当冷端绝热时, 达到理论最大温差。 当冷端 温度 Tc恒定时,无论热端温度如何变化, 获得最大温差时所需要的外加电流都是一样 的, 而且该电流值等于最大制冷量时的电流值。 因此根据 1 方法测试结果所绘制的 Imax~Tc 曲线, 可以通过内插法得到不同冷端温度下的最佳电流。 因此, 最大制冷温 差的测试方法为: 将冷端恒定为 Tc, 并将恒流源的输出固定在 Imax(TC), 改变热端的 温度, 使得 Qc接近于 0, 此时的温差就是最大制冷温差。
第二实施例 第二实施例对第一实施例的改进为测试系统还包括设置在热电模块 2的冷端与第 一平面之间的热流引导单元 6。 热流引导单元 6用于将热电模块 2的冷端的热流经过热流传感器 5后流向第一温 控单元 41。 热流引导单元 6有效地避免了热流的损失, 使热电模块 2的冷端的全部热 流均流经热流传感器 5, 有利于缩小热流传感器 5所测量的热流量与真实的热流量之 间的差距, 提高了测试系统的测试精度。 如图 6所示, 热流引导单元 6包括导热片 61和第一隔热板 62。 导热片 61设置在 热电模块的冷端与热流传感器 5之间。第一隔热板 62设置在热电模块与热流传感器 5 之间, 第一隔热板 62上设置有导热片容纳槽, 导热片 61设置在导热片容纳槽内。 本实施例中, 导热片容纳槽内的深度为第一隔热板 62的三分之二。第一隔热板起 到避免热流从导热片的四周损失的作用。有利于提高对热电模块 2的热流的测量精度。 导热片容纳槽开设在第一隔热板 62的背对热电模块 2的表面上。导热片与热流传 感器 5抵接。 导热片 61将热电模块 2的冷端的热流传递给热流传感器 5。 还可以优选地, 热流引导单元 6包括导热片 61和第一隔热板 62。 导热片 61设置 在热电模块的冷端与热流传感器 5之间。第一隔热板 62上设置有导热片容纳孔, 导热 片 61设置在导热片容纳孔内。 将导热片 61置于设置在第一隔热板 62上的导热片容纳孔内, 第一隔热板起到避 免热流从导热片的四周损失的作用。 有利于缩小热流传感器 5所测量的热流量与真实 的热流量之间的差距, 提高了测试系统的测试精度。 热流引导单元 6还包括导热板 63, 导热板 63设置在第一平面与第一隔热板 62之 间, 热流传感器 5设置在导热板 63与导热片 61之间。 导热板 63的第一表面与第一温控单元 41的第一平面抵接,导热板 63的第二表面 与热电模块抵接。 导热板 63的面积大于热流传感器的面积。 因此, 导热板 63有利于 将流经热流传感器 5的传递给第一温控单元 41。 进一步地, 有利于使热电模块的冷端 的温度与第一温控单元的温度保持一致。 热流引导单元 6还包括设置在第一隔热板 62与导热板 63之间的第二隔热板 64, 第二隔热板 64上开设有与热流传感器 5相适配的容纳通孔。
热流传感器 5置于第二隔热板 64上的容纳通孔,有效地避免了热流的损失,进一 步地提高了测试系统的测量精度。 导热板 63的朝向导热片 61的表面上设置有用于容纳热流传感器 5的传感器容纳 槽。 热流传感器 5设置在传感器容纳槽内。 容纳槽用于固定热流传感器 5以防止热流 传感器 5相对于导热板 63移动。 传感器容纳槽的深度小于热流传感器 5的厚度, 热流引导单元 6还包括设置在第 一隔热板 62与导热板 63之间的第二隔热板 64, 第二隔热板 64上开设有与热流传感 器 5相适配的容纳通孔以容纳热流传感器 5高出传感器容纳槽的部分。 第二隔热板 64用于防止热流传感器 5的高出传感器容纳槽的部分的热流损失,进 一步地提高了热流传感器 5所检测到的热通量的精度, 提高了测试系统的测试精度。 以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已, 并不用于限制本发明, 对于本领域的技 术人员来说, 本发明可以有各种更改和变化。 凡在本发明的精神和原则之内, 所作的 任何修改、 等同替换、 改进等, 均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims
1. 一种热电模块的测试系统, 其特征在于, 所述测试系统包括: 电学性能测试单元(1 ), 所述电学性能测试单元(1 )与处于发电状态下的 所述热电模块 (2) 电连接以测试所述热电模块 (2) 的输出功率 P以及在该输 出功率 P工作下的电流 I和内阻 R;
热通量检测单元, 所述热通量检测单元包括设置在所述热电模块(2)的冷 端的用于检测所述热电模块 (2) 的冷端的热通量 Qel的热流传感器 (5 ); 处理器 (3 ), 所述处理器 (3 ) 与所述电学性能测试单元 (1 ) 电连接以接 收所述电学性能测试单元 (1 ) 所检测到的信息, 所述处理器 (3 ) 与所述热通 量检测单元电连接以接收所述热通量检测单元所检测到的所述热电模块(2)的 冷端的热通量 Qel, 所述处理器 (3 ) 用于根据公式 ι^ΡΛί^+Ρ-ΐΛΐ2 计算所 述热电模块 (2) 的热电转化效率 η。
2. 根据权利要求 1所述的测试系统, 其特征在于, 所述热通量检测单元包括位于 同一平面内的多个所述热流传感器(5 ), 所述多个热流传感器(5 )均为矩形的 热流片, 所述热电模块(2)具有与其相对的两条边平行的第一对称轴, 所述多 个热流传感器( 5 )相对于所述第一对称轴对称地设置,所述多个热流传感器( 5 ) 沿远离所述第一对称轴的方向长度逐渐增加。
3. 根据权利要求 2所述的测试系统, 其特征在于, 所述热电模块(2)还具有与所 述第一对称轴垂直的第二对称轴, 所述多个热流传感器(5 )均相对于所述第二 对称轴对称地设置。
4. 根据权利要求 1所述的测试系统, 其特征在于, 所述热电模块的测试系统还包 括用于安置所述热电模块 (2) 的测试平台, 所述测试平台包括:
第一温控单元 (41 ), 所述第一温控单元 (41 ) 包括第一平面; 第二温控单元(42), 所述第二温控单元(42)包括第二平面, 所述热电模 块 (2) 设置在所述第一平面与所述第二平面之间,
其中, 所述热流传感器 (5 ) 设置在所述第一平面与所述热电模块 (2) 之 间。
5. 根据权利要求 4所述的测试系统, 其特征在于, 所述第二温控单元 (42) 上开 设有第一通孔, 所述第一通孔的开口设置在所述第二平面上, 所述测试平台还 包括设置在所述第一通孔内的光纤。
6. 根据权利要求 4所述的测试系统, 其特征在于, 所述测试平台还包括:
支撑板 (47), 所述第一温控单元 (41 ) 设置在所述支撑板 (47) 上; 第一隔热材料层, 所述第一隔热材料层设置在所述支撑板 (47) 与所述第 一温控单元 (41 ) 之间。
7. 根据权利要求 4所述的测试系统, 其特征在于, 所述测试平台还包括隔热材料
(43 ), 所述隔热材料 (43 ) 设置在所述热流传感器 (5 ) 和所述热电模块 (2) 的四周。
8. 根据权利要求 4所述的测试系统, 其特征在于, 所述测试平台还包括固定在所 述第一平面上的导热材料板(44), 所述导热材料板(44)包括朝向所述第一平 面的第一表面和背离所述第一平面的第二表面, 所述第二表面上开设有与所述 热流传感器 (5 ) 相适配的容纳槽。
9. 根据权利要求 4所述的测试系统, 其特征在于, 所述第二温控单元 (42) 相对 于所述第一温控单元 (41 ) 沿垂直于所述第一平面的方向可移动地设置。
10. 根据权利要求 9所述的测试系统, 其特征在于, 所述测试平台还包括用于驱动 所述第二温控单元 (42) 沿垂直于所述第一平面的方向移动的驱动单元, 所述 驱动单元包括:
固定件(461 ), 所述固定件(461 )相对于所述第一温控单元(41 ) 固定地 设置, 所述固定件 (461 ) 上设置有螺纹孔;
驱动螺杆( 462 ),所述驱动螺杆( 462 )的延伸方向与所述第二温控单元( 42 ) 的移动方向一致, 所述驱动螺杆(462)与所述螺纹孔螺纹配合, 所述驱动螺杆 (462) 与所述第二温控单元 (42) 驱动连接。
11. 根据权利要求 9所述的测试系统, 其特征在于, 所述测试平台还包括用于驱动 所述第二温控单元 (42) 沿垂直于所述第一平面的方向移动的驱动单元和用于 将所述驱动单元的动力传递给所述第二温控单元 (42) 的传动部 (463 ), 所述 传动部 (463 ) 包括:
第一移动板(4631 ), 所述第一移动板(4631 )通过轴承与所述驱动单元连 接;
第二移动板 (4632), 所述第二移动板 (4632) 与所述第一移动板 (4631 ) 弹性连接, 所述第二移动板 (4632) 与所述第二温控单元 (42) 抵接。
12. 根据权利要求 11所述的测试系统, 其特征在于, 所述测试系统还包括导向部, 所述导向部包括:
滑轮 (481 ), 所述滑轮 (481 ) 与所述第一移动板 (4631 ) 连接; 滑轨, 所述滑轨的延伸方向与所述第二温控单元 (42) 的移动方向一致, 所述滑轨与所述滑轮 (481 ) 相配合地设置。
13. 根据权利要求 11所述的测试系统,其特征在于,所述测试平台还包括第二隔热 材料层, 所述第二隔热材料层设置在所述第二移动板 (4632) 与所述第二温控 单元 (42) 之间。
14. 根据权利要求 11所述的测试系统, 其特征在于, 所述第一移动板(4631 )上设 置有第二通孔, 所述传动部 (463 ) 还包括:
连接螺栓(4633 ),所述连接螺栓(4633 )穿过设置在所述第一移动板(4631 ) 上的所述第二通孔与所述第二移动板 (4632) 连接;
弹簧(4634), 所述弹簧(4634)套设在所述连接螺栓(4633 )上并位于所 述第一移动板 (4631 ) 和所述第二移动板 (4632) 之间。
15. 根据权利要求 14所述的测试系统, 其特征在于, 所述传动部 (463 ) 包括多个 所述连接螺栓 (4633 )。
16. 根据权利要求 15所述的测试系统,其特征在于,所述第二通孔的内径大于所述 连接螺栓 (4633 ) 的外径, 所述第二移动板 (4632) 上设置有与所述连接螺栓
(4633 ) 相适配的螺纹孔。
17. 根据权利要求 4所述的测试系统, 其特征在于, 所述测试系统还包括设置在所 述热电模块 (2) 的冷端与所述第一平面之间的热流引导单元 (6)。
18. 根据权利要求 17所述的测试系统, 其特征在于, 所述热流引导单元(6)包括: 导热片 (61 ), 所述导热片 (61 ) 设置在所述热电模块 (2) 的冷端与所述 热流传感器 (5 ) 之间;
第一隔热板(62), 所述第一隔热板(62)上设置有导热片容纳孔, 所述导 热片 (61 ) 设置在所述导热片容纳孔内。
19. 根据权利要求 17所述的测试系统, 其特征在于, 所述热流引导单元(6)包括:
导热片 (61 ), 所述导热片 (61 ) 设置在所述热电模块 (2) 的冷端与所述 热流传感器 (5 ) 之间;
第一隔热板 (62), 所述第一隔热板 (62) 设置在所述热电模块 (2) 与所 述热流传感器(5 )之间, 所述第一隔热板(62)上设置有导热片容纳槽, 所述 导热片 (61 ) 设置在所述导热片容纳槽内。
20. 根据权利要求 19所述的测试系统,其特征在于,所述导热片容纳槽开设在所述 第一隔热板 (62) 的背对所述热电模块 (2) 的表面上。
21. 根据权利要求 18至 20中任一项所述的测试系统, 其特征在于, 所述热流引导 单元 (6) 还包括导热板 (63 ), 所述导热板 (63 ) 设置在所述第一平面与所述 第一隔热板(62)之间, 所述热流传感器(5 )设置在所述导热板(63 )与所述 导热片 (61 ) 之间。
22. 根据权利要求 21所述的测试系统, 其特征在于, 热流引导单元 (6) 还包括设 置在所述第一隔热板(62) 与所述导热板(63 )之间的第二隔热板(64), 所述 第二隔热板 (64) 上开设有与所述热流传感器 (5 ) 相适配的容纳通孔。
23. 根据权利要求 21所述的测试系统, 其特征在于, 所述导热板(63 )的朝向所述 导热片 (61 ) 的表面上设置有用于容纳所述热流传感器 (5 ) 的传感器容纳槽。
24. 根据权利要求 23所述的测试系统,其特征在于,所述传感器容纳槽的深度小于 所述热流传感器 (5 ) 的厚度, 所述热流引导单元 (6) 还包括设置在所述第一 隔热板(62)与所述导热板(63 )之间的第二隔热板(64),所述第二隔热板(64) 上开设有与所述热流传感器(5 )相适配的容纳通孔以容纳所述热流传感器(5 ) 高出所述传感器容纳槽的部分。
25. 一种热电模块的测试方法, 其特征在于, 所述测试方法包括利用权利要求 1至 24中的任一项所述的热电模块的测试系统检测所述热电模块的性能。
26. 根据权利要求 25所述的测试方法,其特征在于,所述测试方法包括热电转化效 率测试方法, 所述热电转化效率测试方法包括:
SI : 测量处于发电状态下的所述热电模块的输出功率 P、 电流 I、 内阻 R 和所述热电模块的冷端的热通量 Qcl ;
S3: 最后求取所述热电转化效率 η, n =P/Qh。
27. 根据权利要求 26 所述的测试方法, 其特征在于, 所述热电模块的输出功率 P 为所述热电模块的最大输出功率。
28. 根据权利要求 25所述的测试方法,其特征在于,所述测试方法包括测量制冷量 方法, 所述测量制冷量方法包括:
S1 :控制处于制冷工作状态下的所述热电模块的热端温度 Th和所述热电模 块的冷端温度 Tc ;
S2: 然后测量所述热电模块的冷端的热通量 ¾2。
29. 根据权利要求 28所述的测试方法,其特征在于,所述测试方法包括测量制冷量 方法,控制处于制冷工作状态下的所述热电模块的热端温度 Th和所述热电模块 的冷端温度 Te, 使得 Th=Te, 然后测量所述热电模块的冷端的热通量 Qc2。
30. 根据权利要求 29所述的测试方法,其特征在于,多次改变处于制冷工作状态的 所述热电模块的制冷电流, 并测量在每个制冷电流下的所述热电模块的冷端的 热通量 Qe2,然后绘制所述制冷电流和所述热电模块的冷端的热通量 Qe2的关系 曲线, 所述曲线中的所述热通量 ¾2的最大值为所述热电模块的最大制冷量。
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| CN104007139A (zh) * | 2014-06-10 | 2014-08-27 | 中国华能集团清洁能源技术研究院有限公司 | 热电模块的测试系统及热电模块的测试方法 |
| CN203881702U (zh) * | 2014-06-10 | 2014-10-15 | 中国华能集团清洁能源技术研究院有限公司 | 热电模块的测试系统 |
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