WO2015175897A1 - Matériaux composites à matrice métallique pour applications acoustiques - Google Patents

Matériaux composites à matrice métallique pour applications acoustiques Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015175897A1
WO2015175897A1 PCT/US2015/031009 US2015031009W WO2015175897A1 WO 2015175897 A1 WO2015175897 A1 WO 2015175897A1 US 2015031009 W US2015031009 W US 2015031009W WO 2015175897 A1 WO2015175897 A1 WO 2015175897A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
metal matrix
micrometers
aluminum
magnesium
ceramic particles
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2015/031009
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English (en)
Inventor
Gordon B. SIMMONS
Andrew D. Tarrant
Peter John Andrews
Original Assignee
Materion Corporation
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Materion Corporation filed Critical Materion Corporation
Priority to EP15792910.0A priority Critical patent/EP3143621B1/fr
Publication of WO2015175897A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015175897A1/fr

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/12—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent
    • C22C21/18—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent with zinc
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
    • B22F5/006—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product of flat products, e.g. sheets
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/06—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent
    • C22C21/08—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent with silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/12—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/12—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent
    • C22C21/16—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent with magnesium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C29/00—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides
    • C22C29/005—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides comprising a particular metallic binder
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
    • C22C32/001—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with only oxides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
    • C22C32/0047—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
    • B22F2998/10—Processes characterised by the sequence of their steps
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2999/00—Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
    • C22C32/001—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with only oxides
    • C22C32/0015—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with only oxides with only single oxides as main non-metallic constituents
    • C22C32/0031—Matrix based on refractory metals, W, Mo, Nb, Hf, Ta, Zr, Ti, V or alloys thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
    • C22C32/001—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with only oxides
    • C22C32/0015—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with only oxides with only single oxides as main non-metallic constituents
    • C22C32/0036—Matrix based on Al, Mg, Be or alloys thereof

Definitions

  • This disclosure relates generally to members having a high stiffness such as used in acoustical transducers.
  • this disclosure relates to a lightweight, high stiffness speaker diaphragm member and a method for making the same.
  • Acoustic speaker diaphragms also referred to as domes or membranes
  • the driver for an acoustic speaker generally can deliver a force of large magnitude but delivers a relatively small displacement.
  • An acoustic speaker diaphragm having a large area results in a large volume of air being moved by a driver having a relatively small displacement.
  • a speaker diaphragm is generally constructed of a material as stiff and as light as possible so that minimal mechanical energy is used to accelerate the diaphragm mass thereby providing rapid response of the diaphragm to driver inputs.
  • Speaker diaphragms can be made from a variety of materials ranging from inexpensive paper-based materials to various metals.
  • a particularly popular metal for high-end speaker diaphragms is beryllium, which has a very high specific stiffness but is also very expensive. While beryllium diaphragms are popular for many high-end acoustic speakers, the cost generally prohibits its use in low and mid-end speakers.
  • a loudspeaker diaphragm for use in producing sound from an electrical signal comprises a shaped metal matrix sheet of substantially uniform thickness wherein the metal matrix sheet comprises ceramic particles from 0.1 micrometers to 20 micrometers in size distributed in a metal matrix, the sheet having a substantially uniform thickness of greater than or equal 4 micrometers and less than or equal to 1 ,000 micrometers.
  • the metal matrix can be at least one of aluminum metal or titanium metal.
  • the shaped metal matrix sheet can be rolled to thickness.
  • the metal matrix can be formed from aluminum, an aluminum alloy, titanium, or a titanium alloy.
  • the ceramic particles may be selected from the group consisting of carbides, oxides, silicides, borides, and nitrides.
  • the ceramic particles may be selected from the group consisting of silicon carbide, titanium carbide, boron carbide, silicon nitride, titanium nitride, and zirconium oxide.
  • the metal matrix can be formed from an aluminum alloy comprising at least one element selected from the group consisting of chromium, copper, lithium, magnesium, manganese, zinc, iron, nickel, silver, scandium, vanadium and silicon.
  • the metal matrix can be formed from an aluminum alloy comprising from about 91 .2 wt% to about 98.6 wt% aluminum, from about 0.15 wt% to about 4.9 wt% copper, from about 0.1 wt% to about 1 .8 wt% magnesium, and from about 0.1 wt% to about 1 wt% manganese.
  • the metal matrix can be formed from an aluminum alloy comprising from about 91 .2 wt% to about 94.7 wt% aluminum, from about 3.8 wt% to about 4.9 wt% copper, from about 1 .2 wt% to about 1 .8 wt% magnesium, and from about 0.3 wt% to about 0.9 wt% manganese.
  • the metal matrix can be formed from an aluminum alloy comprising from about 92.8 wt% to about 95.8 wt% aluminum, from about 3.2 wt% to about 4.4 wt% copper, from 0 to about 0.2 wt% iron, from about 1 .0 to about 1 .6 wt% magnesium, from 0 to about 0.6 wt% oxygen, from 0 to about 0.25 wt% silicon, and from 0 to about 0.25 wt% zinc.
  • the metal matrix can be formed from an aluminum alloy comprising from about 95.8 wt% to about 98.6 wt% aluminum, from about 0.8 wt% to about 1 .2 wt% magnesium, and from about 0.4 wt% to about 0.8 wt% silicon.
  • the metal matrix sheet may comprise from about 1 vol% to about 45 vol% of the ceramic particles.
  • the metal matrix sheet can be shaped in the form of a dome or cone.
  • the ceramic particles may have an average particle size from 2 micrometers to 20 micrometers.
  • a sheet material for use in loudspeaker diaphragms for use in producing sound from an electrical signal comprises a metal matrix sheet of substantially uniform thickness wherein the metal matrix sheet comprises ceramic particles from 0.1 micrometers to 20 micrometers in size distributed in a metal matrix wherein the substantially uniform thickness is greater than or equal to 4 micrometers and less than or equal to 1 ,000 micrometers.
  • the metal matrix can be at least one of aluminum metal or titanium metal.
  • the metal matrix sheet can be rolled to thickness.
  • a method of making a sheet material for use in loudspeaker diaphragms for use in producing sound from an electrical signal comprises providing a mass of metal particles, providing a mass of ceramic particles of a selected size distribution, mixing the metal particles and ceramic particles to achieve a uniform distribution of ceramic particles, forming a billet from the mixture, and rolling the billet into a sheet with a substantially uniform thickness.
  • the substantially uniform thickness is greater than or equal to 4 micrometers and less than or equal to 1 ,000 micrometers.
  • the ceramic particles can have a size from 0.1 micrometers to 20 micrometers.
  • the metal can be an aluminum metal or a titanium metal.
  • the method can further comprise shaping the sheet into a speaker diaphragm.
  • Figure 1 is a perspective view of a speaker including a diaphragm in accordance with the present disclosure.
  • Figure 2 is a flowchart of an exemplary method in accordance with the present disclosure.
  • the term “comprising” may include the embodiments “consisting of and “consisting essentially of.”
  • the terms “comprise(s),” “include(s),” “having,” “has,” “can,” “contain(s),” and variants thereof, as used herein, are intended to be open-ended transitional phrases, terms, or words that require the presence of the named components/steps and permit the presence of other components/steps.
  • compositions or processes as “consisting of and “consisting essentially of the enumerated components/steps, which allows the presence of only the named components/steps, along with any impurities that might result therefrom, and excludes other components/steps.
  • the present disclosure also refers to particles as having an average particle size.
  • the average particle size for particles is defined as the particle diameter at which a cumulative percentage of 50% by volume of the particles are attained. In other words, 50 vol% of the particles have a diameter above the average particle size, and 50 vol% of the particles have a diameter below the average particle size.
  • the speaker 110 includes a speaker housing 112 in which various speaker electronics (e.g., voice coil, etc.) are supported.
  • a loudspeaker diaphragm 114 is secured to the housing 112.
  • the loudspeaker diaphragm in accordance with the present disclosure, is comprised of a metal matrix composite material.
  • the loudspeaker diaphragm has a high modulus of elasticity (i.e. Young's modulus) and a low weight, or put another way a high elastic modulus to weight ratio.
  • Young's modulus i.e. Young's modulus
  • Beryllium has the desired high ratio, but is very expensive, and thus not suitable for low-end to medium-end speakers.
  • Metal matrix composites are composite materials including a metal matrix and a reinforcing material (e.g., a ceramic material) dispersed in the metal matrix.
  • the metal matrix phase is typically continuous whereas the reinforcing dispersed phase is typically discontinuous.
  • the reinforcing material may serve a structural function and/or change one or more properties of the material.
  • Metal matrix composites can provide combinations of mechanical and physical properties that cannot be achieved through conventional materials or process techniques. These property combinations make metal matrix composites particularly useful in applications where weight, strength, and stiffness are important, such as loudspeaker diaphragms.
  • Powder metallurgy is a process by which powdered materials are compacted into a desired shape and sintered to produce desired articles. Powder metallurgy allows for a faster quenching rate of the metal from the melt which typically results in smaller grain sized, increased solid solubility of most solute elements, and reduced segregation of intermetallic phases. These results may lead to beneficial properties in the produced articles, such as high strength at normal and elevated temperatures, high modulus values, good fracture toughness, low fatigue crack growth rate, and high resistance to stress corrosion cracking.
  • the loudspeaker diaphragm 114 is formed from a shaped metal matrix sheet having a substantially uniform thickness of 4 micrometers to 1 ,000 micrometers.
  • the metal matrix sheet comprises ceramic particles distributed in a metal matrix phase.
  • the ceramic particles have an average particle size from 0.1 micrometers to 20 micrometers.
  • the loudspeaker diaphragm has an elastic modulus to weight ratio which is greater than 35 GPa/g/cc.
  • a 4:1 (w/w) ratio of metal matrix to ceramic particles yields an elastic modulus to weight ratio of 39 GPa/g/cc.
  • a 2:5 (w/w) ratio of metal matrix material to ceramic particles yields an elastic modulus to weight ratio of 48 GPa/g/cc. It will be appreciated that a loudspeaker diaphragm made in accordance with the present disclosure can have a modulus of elasticity to weight ratio approaching that of a beryllium loudspeaker diaphragm, while costing approximately 60% less to manufacture.
  • Adding the ceramic particles to the metal matrix increases the modulus of elasticity over that of the matrix metal without ceramic particle reinforcement, while maintaining the relatively low weight of the matrix material. In this manner, the less expensive matrix material can achieve properties that approach beryllium or other high- end speaker diaphragm materials.
  • the matrix metal can be aluminum or an aluminum alloy, or can be titanium or a titanium alloy, or can be magnesium or a magnesium alloy.
  • the aluminum alloy may include at least one element selected from chromium, copper, lithium, magnesium, nickel, and silicon.
  • aluminum refers to aluminum with only impurities present, i.e. pure aluminum, whereas the term “aluminum alloy” is used to refer to alloys containing majority aluminum with a significant amount of another element.
  • titanium refers to titanium with only impurities present, i.e.
  • titanium alloy is used to refer to alloys containing majority titanium with a significant amount of another element.
  • magnesium refers to magnesium with only impurities present, i.e. pure magnesium, whereas the term “magnesium alloy” is used to refer to alloys containing majority magnesium with a significant amount of another element.
  • the aluminum alloy is a 1000 series alloy (> 99 wt% aluminum), a 2000 series alloy (including copper as an alloying component), a 3000 series alloy (including manganese as an alloying component), a 4000 series alloy (including silicon as an alloying component), a 5000 series alloy (including magnesium as an alloying component), a 6000 series alloy (including magnesium and silicon as alloying components), a 7000 series alloy (including zinc as an alloying component), or an 8000 series alloy (e.g., aluminum-lithium alloys).
  • a 1000 series alloy > 99 wt% aluminum
  • a 2000 series alloy including copper as an alloying component
  • a 3000 series alloy including manganese as an alloying component
  • a 4000 series alloy including silicon as an alloying component
  • a 5000 series alloy including magnesium as an alloying component
  • a 6000 series alloy including magnesium and silicon as alloying components
  • a 7000 series alloy including zinc as an alloying component
  • an 8000 series alloy e.g., aluminum-lithium alloys
  • the metal particles may have an average particle size in the range of from about 5 ⁇ to about 150 ⁇ , including from about 15 m to about 75 ⁇ , about 20 ⁇ to about 50 ⁇ , from about 20 ⁇ to about 40 ⁇ , from about 20 ⁇ to about 30 ⁇ , and about 75 ⁇ .
  • the aluminum alloy includes from about 91 .2 wt% to about 94.7 wt% aluminum, from about 3.8 wt% to about 4.9 wt% copper, from about 1 .2 wt% to about 1 .8 wt% magnesium, and from about 0.3 wt% to about 0.9 wt% manganese.
  • the aluminum alloy includes from about 95.8 wt% to about 98.6 wt% aluminum, from about 0.8 wt% to about 1 .2 wt% magnesium, and from about 0.4 wt% to about 0.8 wt% silicon.
  • these aluminum alloys can also include from about 0.15 wt% to about 0.4 wt% copper, and 0.04 wt% to about 0.35 wt% chromium.
  • the aluminum alloy may be 2009.
  • the composition of 2009 aluminum alloy is as follows:
  • the aluminum alloy may be 2090.
  • the composition of 2090 aluminum alloy is as follows:
  • the aluminum alloy may be 2099.
  • the composition of 2099 aluminum alloy is as follows:
  • the aluminum alloy may be 2124.
  • the composition of 2124 aluminum alloy is as follows:
  • the aluminum alloy may be 2618.
  • the composition of 2618 aluminum alloy is as follows:
  • the aluminum alloy may be 6061 .
  • the composition of 6061 aluminum alloy is as follows:
  • the aluminum alloy may be 6082.
  • the composition of 6082 aluminum alloy is as follows:
  • the ceramic particles include at least one material selected from carbides, oxides, silicides, borides, and nitrides.
  • the material is selected from silicon carbide, titanium carbide, boron carbide, silicon nitride, titanium nitride, zirconium oxide, aluminum oxide, aluminum nitride, and titanium oxide. Particularly desired are silicon carbide and boron carbide.
  • the ceramic particles may have an average particle size in the range of from about 0.1 ⁇ to about 20 ⁇ , including from about 0.2 ⁇ to about 20 ⁇ , and from about 1 ⁇ to about 4 ⁇ . In other embodiments, the ceramic particles have an average particle size in the range of from about 0.2 ⁇ to about 0.4 ⁇ , or from about 0.5 ⁇ to about 0.9 ⁇ . It should be noted again that these are averages; some particles will be larger and some will be smaller.
  • the ceramic particles may make up to about 55 vol% of the overall metal matrix composite.
  • the composite includes from about 1 vol% to about 55 vol% of the ceramic dispersed phase, including from about 20 to about 50 vol%, from about 35 to about 45 vol%, and about 40 vol%.
  • the resulting composite has both a high elastic modulus and sufficient rolling/forming capability to make the dome/cone.
  • Figure 2 is a flow chart illustrating an exemplary method 200 of the present disclosure.
  • the method includes providing metal particles (e.g., aluminum or aluminum alloy particles) 205 and providing ceramic particles 210 to a high energy mixing stage 220.
  • metal particles e.g., aluminum or aluminum alloy particles
  • ceramic particles 210 are in the form of powders
  • the metal and ceramic powders should be mixed 220 with a high energy technique to distribute the ceramic reinforcement particles into the metal matrix. Suitable techniques for this mixing include ball milling, mechanical attritors, teamer mills, rotary mills and other methods to provide high energy mixing to the powder constituents. Mechanical alloying should be completed in an atmosphere to avoid excessive oxidation of powders preferable in an inert atmosphere using nitrogen or argon gas. The processing parameters should be selected to achieve an even distribution of the ceramic particles in the metallic matrix.
  • the powder from the high energy mixing stage is degassed to remove any retained moisture from the powder surface, this may be completed at between 120°C to 500°C.
  • a forging step 230 may also be performed to increase density and produce a billet 240.
  • the hot compacting may be performed at a temperature in the range of from about 400 °C to about 600 °C, including from about 425 °C to about 550 °C and about 500 °C.
  • Hot compaction may include the use of hot die compaction, hot isostatic pressing or hot extrusion typically at pressures of between 30 to 150 MPa.
  • the billet may be subsequently rolled 250 to obtain a metal matrix sheet with a substantially uniform thickness.
  • the formed sheet can then be used to produce speaker diaphragms using conventional speaker diaphragm manufacturing techniques. Powder metallurgy techniques are well-suited for this method.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)

Abstract

Selon l'invention, des diaphragmes de haut-parleur sont fabriqués à partir d'une feuille composite à matrice métallique d'épaisseur sensiblement uniforme. La feuille à matrice métallique comprend des particules de céramique réparties dans une matrice métallique et dont la dimension granulométrique moyenne est de 0,1 micromètre à 20 micromètres. La feuille à matrice métallique présente une épaisseur sensiblement uniforme de 4 micromètres à 1000 micromètres.
PCT/US2015/031009 2014-05-15 2015-05-15 Matériaux composites à matrice métallique pour applications acoustiques WO2015175897A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP15792910.0A EP3143621B1 (fr) 2014-05-15 2015-05-15 Matériaux composites à matrice métallique pour applications acoustiques

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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US201461993655P 2014-05-15 2014-05-15
US61/993,655 2014-05-15

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Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS54111818A (en) 1978-02-22 1979-09-01 Hitachi Ltd Diaphragm of acoustic transducers and production of the same
US4749545A (en) 1986-04-02 1988-06-07 British Petroleum Co. P.L.C. Preparation of composites
FR2607741A1 (fr) 1986-12-04 1988-06-10 Cegedur Procede d'obtention de materiaux composites, notamment a matrice en alliage d'aluminium, par metallurgie des poudres
JPH06276596A (ja) 1993-03-23 1994-09-30 Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd スピ−カ−用振動板及びその製造方法
US6284014B1 (en) 1994-01-19 2001-09-04 Alyn Corporation Metal matrix composite
US6398843B1 (en) 1997-06-10 2002-06-04 Qinetiq Limited Dispersion-strengthened aluminium alloy
US20020141610A1 (en) * 1999-01-05 2002-10-03 Harman International Industries, Incorporated Ceramic metal matrix diaphragm for loudspeakers
US20080124566A1 (en) 2004-11-26 2008-05-29 Clint Guy Smallman Composite Material Comprising Ultra-Hard Particles Embedded in a Metal or Metal Alloy Matrix and Diaphragm Made Thereof
US20100260371A1 (en) * 2009-04-10 2010-10-14 Immerz Inc. Systems and methods for acousto-haptic speakers
WO2010136899A1 (fr) * 2009-05-29 2010-12-02 The Governors Of The University Of Alberta Composites renforcés et leurs procédés de fabrication et d'utilisation
US20140010259A1 (en) * 2012-07-04 2014-01-09 Joseph Stevick Temperature tuned failure detection device

Patent Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS54111818A (en) 1978-02-22 1979-09-01 Hitachi Ltd Diaphragm of acoustic transducers and production of the same
US4749545A (en) 1986-04-02 1988-06-07 British Petroleum Co. P.L.C. Preparation of composites
FR2607741A1 (fr) 1986-12-04 1988-06-10 Cegedur Procede d'obtention de materiaux composites, notamment a matrice en alliage d'aluminium, par metallurgie des poudres
JPH06276596A (ja) 1993-03-23 1994-09-30 Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd スピ−カ−用振動板及びその製造方法
US6284014B1 (en) 1994-01-19 2001-09-04 Alyn Corporation Metal matrix composite
US6398843B1 (en) 1997-06-10 2002-06-04 Qinetiq Limited Dispersion-strengthened aluminium alloy
US20020141610A1 (en) * 1999-01-05 2002-10-03 Harman International Industries, Incorporated Ceramic metal matrix diaphragm for loudspeakers
US20080124566A1 (en) 2004-11-26 2008-05-29 Clint Guy Smallman Composite Material Comprising Ultra-Hard Particles Embedded in a Metal or Metal Alloy Matrix and Diaphragm Made Thereof
US20100260371A1 (en) * 2009-04-10 2010-10-14 Immerz Inc. Systems and methods for acousto-haptic speakers
WO2010136899A1 (fr) * 2009-05-29 2010-12-02 The Governors Of The University Of Alberta Composites renforcés et leurs procédés de fabrication et d'utilisation
US20140010259A1 (en) * 2012-07-04 2014-01-09 Joseph Stevick Temperature tuned failure detection device

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See also references of EP3143621A4

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EP3143621A1 (fr) 2017-03-22
EP3143621A4 (fr) 2018-04-25
EP3143621B1 (fr) 2021-08-25

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