Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
  • A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
  • A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
  • A61K31/455—Nicotinic acids, e.g. niacin; Derivatives thereof, e.g. esters, amides
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
  • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
  • A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
  • A61K8/67—Vitamins
  • A61K8/673—Vitamin B group
  • A61K8/675—Vitamin B3 or vitamin B3 active, e.g. nicotinamide, nicotinic acid, nicotinyl aldehyde
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
  • A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
  • A61K9/0014—Skin, i.e. galenical aspects of topical compositions
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P17/00—Drugs for dermatological disorders
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
  • A61P31/04—Antibacterial agents
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P37/00—Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
  • A61P37/02—Immunomodulators
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
  • A61Q11/00—Preparations for care of the teeth, of the oral cavity or of dentures; Dentifrices, e.g. toothpastes; Mouth rinses
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
  • A61Q17/00—Barrier preparations; Preparations brought into direct contact with the skin for affording protection against external influences, e.g. sunlight, X-rays or other harmful rays, corrosive materials, bacteria or insect stings
  • A61Q17/005—Antimicrobial preparations
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
  • A61Q5/00—Preparations for care of the hair

Definitions

• Niacinamide for inducing generation of antimicrobial peptides
• the invention relates to new use of niacinamide for triggering generation of AMPs (antimicrobial peptides) on skin. This has application in improving the immunity of skin, scalp and oral cavity against attack by microorganisms.
• Skin is the primary line of defense that protects the human body from invading pathogens, like viruses and bacteria.
• pathogenic foreign bacteria like viruses and bacteria.
• the exposed skin surface is not only challenged by pathogenic foreign bacteria, but it also remains in contact and interacts with the resident commensal bacteria.
• healthy skin remains infection free and also the numbers of the resident microflora remains constant. This equilibrium in the interaction between the skin tissue and the microbes is maintained as the skin has sophisticated defense strategy and Anti-microbial peptides (AMPs) form an important part of that.
• AMPs Anti-microbial peptides
• AMPs form an integral part of the skin's own defense system. AMPs were initially discovered in insects and in animals and ever since their initial discovery AMPs are regarded as promising antimicrobials. AMPs are ubiquitous in nature and they typically exhibit a broad spectrum of activity against invading bacteria, fungi, enveloped viruses and parasites (Braff and Gallo, 2006. AMPs are generally short peptides and in humans about 90 different AMPs are reported to be present. AMPs in general have two major physical features and they are - a) cationic charge and b) a significant proportion of hydrophobic residues.
• the cationic charge of the AMPs promotes selectivity for negatively charged microbial cytoplasmic membranes whereas the hydrophobicity facilitates interactions with the cell membrane of the microbial species.
• the present inventors have been working to provide hygiene benefits to consumers through the route of enhancing the AMP levels in the skin. They wish to provide this through use of natural molecules which are perceived by the consumers to be more skin friendly and thereby less harsh. To achieve this goal various actives were tested and after extensive research arrived at finding the use of Niacinamide or Vitamin B3 for enhancing AMP levels on the skin.
• Niacinamide or Vitamin B3 is a well known skin lightening active used in several products for skin care. Niacinamide is also reported to have various other properties like prevention of cellulite, treating skin irritation and for improving absorption of water on to skin (reported in patent publications EP1063963, EP1063994, EP1063965 to name a few). Niacinamide is also used in the treatment of many inflammatory skin conditions like Acne vulgaris, Psoriasis and Atopic dermatitis ( Niren,N.M. (2006) Pharmacologic doses of nicotinamide in the treatment of inflammatory skin conditions: a review. Cutis 77: 1 1-16.).
• W01 1 133692 (Cedars-Sinai Medical Centre) discloses the important role of C/EBPe in innate immune response against pathogens. Specifically, it has been shown that in the absence of functional C/EBPe, mice are severely impaired in their ability to clear S. aureus infection. Neutrophils are particularly affected, and susceptibility to S. aureus can be rectified by treatment with interferon-gamma (IFN- ⁇ ). Importantly, increased activity of C/EBPe, either by induced overexpression of C/EBPE or by application of nicotinamide or an analog, derivative or salt thereof, dramatically enhances immune killing of S. aureus and leads to amelioration of infection.
• IFN- ⁇ interferon-gamma
• niacinamide on skin (which could be skin per se or scalp or oral cavity), the active induces generation of AMPs which is known to be an important step in improving the immunity of the skin against attack by microorganisms.
• AMPs an important step in improving the immunity of the skin against attack by microorganisms.
• the benefit obtained by a consumer is that the skin is protected against germs which may attack in the future by application of a composition comprising niacinamide.
• the invention provides for use of niacinamide for inducing secretion of anti-microbial peptides (AMPs) when applied on external surface of human body.
• AMPs anti-microbial peptides
• niacinamide for prophylactically inducing secretion of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) when applied on an external surface of the human body.
• the invention provides for a method for providing protection to the scalp by way of inducing secretion of anti-microbial peptides (AMPs) comprising the step of applying niacinamide to the hair/ scalp of a person.
• AMPs anti-microbial peptides
• Skin as used herein, is meant to include the external surface of mammals, especially humans and includes skin, scalp, hair and oral cavity.
• the use could be by way of incorporating niacinamide in a leave-on or in a rinse off product, and includes any product applied to a human body primarily for lightening skin but may also improve appearance, cleansing, odor control or general aesthetics.
• the use is preferably by way of incorporation in a leave-on composition.
• the composition can be in the form of a liquid, lotion, cream, foam, scrub, gel, soap bar or toner, or applied with an implement or via a face mask, pad or patch.
• Non-limiting examples of such compositions include leave-on skin lotions and creams, shampoos, conditioners, shower gels, toilet bars, antiperspirants, deodorants, depilatories, lipsticks, foundations, mascara, sunless tanners and sunscreen lotions.
• Niacinamide has the structure as given below
• the niacinamide for use in the present invention preferably induces secretion of AMPs from keratinocytes.
• the AMPs thus secreted provides for improving the immunity of the external surface of the body.
• the external surface includes skin, scalp or oral cavity.
• niacinamide activates keratinocytes, which are the major cells in the skin epidermis to provide the benefits of the present invention viz. inducing secretion of anti-microbial peptides (AMPs).
• AMPs anti-microbial peptides
• This causes niacinamide to boost protection shield against germs.
• Niacinamide therefore provides protection for the body against infections by boosting the body's own defence. In other words, the active primes the body surface for germ protection.
• the advantage of this is that it provides long-lasting protection e.g. up to 24 hours of protection against germs.
• the composition in which niacinamide is used as per the present invention may comprise the following preferred features.
• Niacinamide is preferably present in 0.1 to 5%, more preferably 0.5 to 5%, further more preferably 0.5 to 3%, and optimally 1.0 to 3.0% by weight of the composition.
• the composition preferably comprises a cosmetically acceptable base.
• the cosmetically acceptable base is preferably a cream, lotion, gel or emulsion.
• Personal care compositions may be prepared using different cosmetically acceptable emulsifying or non-emulsifying systems and vehicles.
• Preferred cosmetically acceptable bases comprise 1 to 25% fatty acid.
• a further preferred aspect provides for inclusion of 0.1 to 10% soap.
• a highly suitable base is a cream. Vanishing creams are especially preferred. Vanishing cream bases generally comprise 5 to 25% w/w fatty acid and 0.1 to 10% w/w soap. Vanishing cream base gives a highly appreciated matty feel to the skin.
• C 12 to C 20 fatty acids are especially preferred in vanishing cream bases, further more preferred being C 14 to C 18 fatty acids.
• the most preferred fatty acid is stearic acid.
• the fatty acid may also be a mixture of palmitic and stearic acid.
• the fatty acid in the composition is more preferably present in an amount in the range of 5 to 20% w/w of the composition.
• Soaps in the vanishing cream base include alkali metal salt of fatty acids, like sodium or potassium salts, most preferred being potassium stearate.
• the soap in the vanishing cream base is generally present in an amount in the range of 0.1 to 10%, more preferably 0.1 to 3% w/w of the composition.
• the personal care composition when formulated as a vanishing cream preferably comprises 60 to 85%, more preferably 65 to 80% w/w water. Water is generally present in many compositions prepared as per the invention and is generally present in 40 to 85% by weight of the composition.
• the composition of the invention may comprise other optional ingredients like skin lightening agents, and one or more UV sunscreens.
• the composition according to the invention may also comprise other diluents.
• the diluents act as a dispersant or carrier for other materials present in the composition, so as to facilitate their distribution when the composition is applied to the skin.
• Diluents other than water can include liquid or solid emollients, solvents, humectants, thickeners and powders.
• the composition may optionally be delivered as a deodorant.
• a deodorant is meant a product in the stick, roll-on, or propellant medium which is used for personal deodorant benefit e.g. application in the under-arm area which may or may not contain anti-perspirant actives.
• Deodorant compositions can generally be in the form of firm solids, soft solids, gels, creams, and liquids and are dispensed using applicators appropriate to the physical characteristics of the composition.
• compositions may comprise a wide range of other optional components.
• CTFA Cosmetic Ingredient Handbook Second Edition, 1992, which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety, describes a wide variety of non-limiting cosmetic and pharmaceutical ingredients commonly used in the skin care industry, which are suitable for use in the compositions of the present invention. Examples include: antioxidants, binders, biological additives, buffering agents, colorants, thickeners, polymers, astringents, fragrance, humectants, opacifying agents, conditioners, exfoliating agents, pH adjusters, preservatives, natural extracts, essential oils, skin sensates, skin soothing agents, and skin healing agents.
• composition is formulated in any known format like shampoo, leave-on creams, lotions, tonic or serum more preferred formats being shampoos, creams or lotions.
• Yet another aspect of the invention relates to a method for providing protection to the scalp by way of inducing secretion of anti-microbial peptides (AMPs) comprising the step of applying niacinamide to the hair/ scalp of a person.
• the niacinamide is preferably applied in a therapeutic amount to induce the secretion of anti-microbial peptides.
• Protection to the scalp due to the secretion of AMPs preferably leads to extended protection or longer lasting protection to the scalp against scalp related problems like dandruff.
• the use of niacinamide alternately provides superior dandruff control due the enhanced AMP secretion. Further, through this mechanism the scalp is given superior dandruff control and in certain cases resistance against recurring dandruff.
• niacinamide provides enhanced protection/ defence, resistence to dandruff and advanced nourishment benefits.
• the benefits of this invention may be perceived by people who are afflicted with dandruff or dry and itchy scalp.
• niacinamide by way of the present invention is preferably non-therapeutic.
• Examples 1 to 6 Examples to prove that niacinamide induces LL-37 gene expression but does not change the psoriasin expression
• Keratinocytes prepared from neonatal foreskin were obtained from (Lonza India) and cultured in serum-free keratinocyte growth medium with defined growth supplements (Invitrogen). Keratinocytes were cultured in 12 and 24 well tissue culture plates (BD Falcon) and treated cells at a confluence of 60-70%. Keratinocytes stimulation was performed in KGM with growth supplement and all experiment was done between passages 3 to 5.
• RNA isolation and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction PCR
• NHEKs were cultured in 12-well plates (BD, Falcon) at 6 x 10 4 cells per well. After 24h of incubation, 50% media was replaced with fresh media. On day 3, cells were treated with different concentrations of Niacinamide with fresh media for 16-18 hours. Cells were harvested in RLT buffer (Qiagen) and samples were stored at -70°C till used for RNA isolation.
• RNA samples were isolated using RNeasy Mini kit from Qiagen, according to the manufacturer's instructions. The purity and RNA concentration was checked using NanoDrop (Thermo scientific) instrument. The RNA samples were loaded on 1 % agarose gel and the quality of extraction was observed using UV-trans-illuminator (Bangalore Genie, India). RNA samples were aliquoted and stored at -70°C. An aliquot of total RNA (250 to 500ng) was used to make cDNA by using iScript cDNA synthesis kit (Bio-Rad, USA). The cDNA synthesis program was 65°C for 5min followed by 25°C for 5 minutes. The cDNA synthesis was done at 42°C for 30 minutes, final denatured at 85°C 5min followed by 4°C until removed.
• the clinical samples were diluted in to 1 :25 in dilution buffer and used 100 ⁇ 1 from diluted samples for checking psoriasin level by ELISA.
• 100 ⁇ l of undiluted samples from in vitro as well as clinical samples were used for checking LL-37 level by ELISA (Hycult Biotech).
• Niacinamide was unable to induce psoriasin gene expression even at a very high concentration (1 .22 mg/ml), but surprisingly, niacinamide was able to induce the secretion of psoriasin AMP which was detected using ELISA technique.
• Niacinamide was tested in vivo.
• the volunteers were asked to apply a lotion with and without niacinamide (3%) on their forearm twice a day. After 7 days of application, the spots were extracted in PBS and ELISA was performed for detection of Psoriasin and LL-37 AMPs.
• Glycerol stock of E. coli (10536) was inoculated in 30 ml TSB medium and culture was incubated overnight at 37°C in shaker incubator. Overnight culture was sub cultured on TSA slants and incubated overnight at 37°C then the slants were stored at 4°C (once in 15 days, slants were prepared freshly).
• £ coli culture from slant was sub cultured on TSA plate and incubated overnight at 37°C. Overnight grown plate culture of £ coli was suspended in 6 to 7 ml of Sodium phosphate buffer (10mM). Density of culture was adjusted to 1 OD 620 using spectrophotometer and used for clinical studies.
• Steps 3 to 6 were repeated for 7 days for a 7 day study. In case of one day study the assessment was done on the second day.
• a circular area of 2.27 cm 2 was marked on each cream application spot using a template and 10 ⁇ of E. coli 10536 culture corresponding to 1X10 8 to 1 X10 9 cells/ml was added to each circular area and spread uniformly.
• E. coli was recovered by cup-scrub method using 1 ml of 1X PBS. Duration of extraction was 1 min.
• Example -13 Experiment to determine the types and amounts of anti-microbial peptides (AMPs) secreted due to induction by niacinamide.
• AMPs anti-microbial peptides
• Samples were then passed through 20 kDa cutoff filters to remove high molecular weight proteins.
• Tubes were transferred to -20°C for 24 hours to precipitate the proteins.
• the supernatant was discarded and the protein pellet was analysed using mass spectrometry for proteins.
• the data on the increased levels of secretion of various AMPs is tabulated in Table - 5.
• the increased level of secretion of AMPs is measured by a PSM value (a peptide spectrum match scoring function) which is a relative measure of abundance of the peptide in the secretome.
• E. coli was counted using standard microbiological method.
• the invention thus provides for a new use of niacinamide not known hitherto which is to induce secretion of anti-microbial peptides (AMPs) when applied on external surface of human body.
• AMPs anti-microbial peptides

Landscapes

• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
• Public Health (AREA)
• General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
• Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
• Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Epidemiology (AREA)
• Dermatology (AREA)
• Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Immunology (AREA)
• Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
• Communicable Diseases (AREA)
• Birds (AREA)
• Oncology (AREA)
• Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
• Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
• Peptides Or Proteins (AREA)
• Cosmetics (AREA)
• Medicines Containing Material From Animals Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)

Priority Applications (9)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=50771476

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (8)

Cited By (11)

Citations (7)

Family Cites Families (4)

• 2014
  • 2014-05-12 BR BR112016024400A patent/BR112016024400A2/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2014-05-12 CN CN201480078798.XA patent/CN106413680A/zh active Pending
  • 2014-05-12 WO PCT/EP2014/059590 patent/WO2015172801A1/en active Application Filing
  • 2014-05-12 JP JP2016567081A patent/JP6446065B2/ja active Active
  • 2014-05-12 CN CN202111170332.0A patent/CN113908074A/zh active Pending
  • 2014-05-12 EA EA201692284A patent/EA031758B1/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2014-05-12 MX MX2016014760A patent/MX2016014760A/es active IP Right Grant
• 2016
  • 2016-10-14 PH PH12016502047A patent/PH12016502047A1/en unknown
  • 2016-10-14 ZA ZA2016/07105A patent/ZA201607105B/en unknown

Patent Citations (7)

Non-Patent Citations (2)

Also Published As

Similar Documents

Legal Events