WO2015170647A1 - ガラス物品 - Google Patents
ガラス物品 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2015170647A1 WO2015170647A1 PCT/JP2015/062846 JP2015062846W WO2015170647A1 WO 2015170647 A1 WO2015170647 A1 WO 2015170647A1 JP 2015062846 W JP2015062846 W JP 2015062846W WO 2015170647 A1 WO2015170647 A1 WO 2015170647A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- ultraviolet
- absorbing layer
- ultraviolet absorbing
- glass article
- hollow
- Prior art date
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- QONBQACIGSEEDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cc(c(C=O)c1)ccc1O Chemical compound Cc(c(C=O)c1)ccc1O QONBQACIGSEEDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IUNJCFABHJZSKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oc1ccc(C=O)c(O)c1 Chemical compound Oc1ccc(C=O)c(O)c1 IUNJCFABHJZSKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
- C03C17/006—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with materials of composite character
- C03C17/007—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with materials of composite character containing a dispersed phase, e.g. particles, fibres or flakes, in a continuous phase
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C2217/00—Coatings on glass
- C03C2217/40—Coatings comprising at least one inhomogeneous layer
- C03C2217/43—Coatings comprising at least one inhomogeneous layer consisting of a dispersed phase in a continuous phase
- C03C2217/44—Coatings comprising at least one inhomogeneous layer consisting of a dispersed phase in a continuous phase characterized by the composition of the continuous phase
- C03C2217/445—Organic continuous phases
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C2217/00—Coatings on glass
- C03C2217/40—Coatings comprising at least one inhomogeneous layer
- C03C2217/43—Coatings comprising at least one inhomogeneous layer consisting of a dispersed phase in a continuous phase
- C03C2217/46—Coatings comprising at least one inhomogeneous layer consisting of a dispersed phase in a continuous phase characterized by the dispersed phase
- C03C2217/465—Coatings comprising at least one inhomogeneous layer consisting of a dispersed phase in a continuous phase characterized by the dispersed phase having a specific shape
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C2217/00—Coatings on glass
- C03C2217/40—Coatings comprising at least one inhomogeneous layer
- C03C2217/43—Coatings comprising at least one inhomogeneous layer consisting of a dispersed phase in a continuous phase
- C03C2217/46—Coatings comprising at least one inhomogeneous layer consisting of a dispersed phase in a continuous phase characterized by the dispersed phase
- C03C2217/47—Coatings comprising at least one inhomogeneous layer consisting of a dispersed phase in a continuous phase characterized by the dispersed phase consisting of a specific material
- C03C2217/475—Inorganic materials
- C03C2217/476—Tin oxide or doped tin oxide
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C2217/00—Coatings on glass
- C03C2217/40—Coatings comprising at least one inhomogeneous layer
- C03C2217/43—Coatings comprising at least one inhomogeneous layer consisting of a dispersed phase in a continuous phase
- C03C2217/46—Coatings comprising at least one inhomogeneous layer consisting of a dispersed phase in a continuous phase characterized by the dispersed phase
- C03C2217/47—Coatings comprising at least one inhomogeneous layer consisting of a dispersed phase in a continuous phase characterized by the dispersed phase consisting of a specific material
- C03C2217/475—Inorganic materials
- C03C2217/478—Silica
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C2217/00—Coatings on glass
- C03C2217/40—Coatings comprising at least one inhomogeneous layer
- C03C2217/43—Coatings comprising at least one inhomogeneous layer consisting of a dispersed phase in a continuous phase
- C03C2217/46—Coatings comprising at least one inhomogeneous layer consisting of a dispersed phase in a continuous phase characterized by the dispersed phase
- C03C2217/48—Coatings comprising at least one inhomogeneous layer consisting of a dispersed phase in a continuous phase characterized by the dispersed phase having a specific function
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C2217/00—Coatings on glass
- C03C2217/70—Properties of coatings
- C03C2217/74—UV-absorbing coatings
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C2218/00—Methods for coating glass
- C03C2218/30—Aspects of methods for coating glass not covered above
- C03C2218/365—Coating different sides of a glass substrate
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a glass article having an ultraviolet absorbing layer.
- transparent substrates such as window glass for vehicles such as automobiles and window glass for building materials attached to buildings such as houses and buildings have the ability to absorb ultraviolet rays incident on the interior of cars and indoors through these, and are resistant. Attempts have been made to form a UV-absorbing film having mechanical durability such as wear.
- a silica-based UV-absorbing film is conventionally formed on a substrate using a liquid composition in which an organic UV-absorbing agent is mixed with a silane compound. Attempts have been made.
- Patent Document 1 discloses that a silica-based ultraviolet absorbing film is formed on a transparent substrate using a coating liquid containing a hydrolyzable silane compound and a compound in which a hydrolyzable silyl group is introduced into an organic ultraviolet absorber. Attempts have been made to form.
- the present invention has been made from the above viewpoint, and an object of the present invention is to provide a glass article having an ultraviolet absorbing film that does not cause high ultraviolet absorptivity and a decrease in visible light transmittance associated therewith.
- the present invention provides a glass article having the following constitution.
- An ultraviolet absorber (a) containing at least one member selected from a benzophenone compound, a triazine compound, and a benzotriazole compound on at least a part of a main surface of the glass substrate and the glass substrate;
- the primary particle diameter of the hollow particle (c) is 5 to 150 nm, and the thickness of the outer shell of the hollow particle (c) represented by (primary particle diameter ⁇ hollow part diameter) / 2 is 1 to The glass article according to [1], which is 20 nm.
- the infrared absorber (d) containing at least one selected from tin-doped indium oxide, antimony-doped tin oxide, and composite tungsten oxide, further comprising [1] to [3] Glass articles.
- the glass article of the present invention has an ultraviolet absorbing film having both high ultraviolet absorptivity and visible light transmittance, so that the visible light transmittance is increased while having excellent ultraviolet absorptivity, or visible light transmittance. It is a glass article in which the decrease in the amount is small. In addition, since the visible light reflectance is lowered, the effect of preventing reflection on the glass is also exhibited.
- the glass article of the present invention has a glass substrate and an ultraviolet absorbing layer containing the following components (a) to (c) on at least a part of the main surface of the glass substrate.
- a ultraviolet absorber (a) may be shown as (a) component.
- Silicon oxide matrix component (b) Hollow particles (c); particles having an outer shell and a hollow portion surrounded by the outer shell, the content of which is 55% by mass or less based on the total mass of the ultraviolet absorbing layer, The total volume of the hollow part which c) has is 1% or more with respect to the whole volume of the said ultraviolet absorption layer.
- the material and shape of the glass substrate used for the glass article of the present invention are appropriately selected according to the use as a glass article with an ultraviolet absorbing layer.
- the material of the glass substrate include ordinary soda lime glass, aluminosilicate glass, borosilicate glass, non-alkali glass, and quartz glass.
- a glass substrate that absorbs ultraviolet rays or infrared rays can be used.
- the shape of the glass substrate may be a flat plate, or the entire surface or a part thereof may have a curvature.
- the thickness of the glass substrate can be appropriately selected depending on the use of the glass article, but is generally preferably 1 to 10 mm.
- the glass substrate may be a laminated glass in which a plurality of glass plates are bonded with an intermediate film interposed therebetween.
- the visible light transmittance of the glass substrate is measured according to JIS R3212 (1998). Is preferably 70% or more, and more preferably 74% or more.
- the glass article of the present invention has an ultraviolet absorbing layer containing the components (a) to (c) as essential components on at least a part of the main surface of the glass substrate.
- the silicon oxide matrix component (b) constitutes a three-dimensional matrix by Si—O—Si bonds, and the ultraviolet absorber (a) and the hollow particles (c) are dispersed and held in the matrix. It is the composition which is done.
- the ultraviolet absorption layer contains the ultraviolet absorber (a) and has ultraviolet absorption capability, and the hollow particles (c) are contained in the above range so that the hollow portions of the hollow particles (c) are minute voids. Thus, a moderately dispersed state is formed in the layer, thereby having high visible light transmittance.
- the ultraviolet absorbing layer is formed by preparing a liquid composition obtained by adding a solvent to the component itself or its raw material constituting the ultraviolet absorbing layer, as described later.
- the hydrolyzable silane compound (Rb) which is a raw material component, is usually blended in the liquid composition.
- the hydrolyzable silane compound (Rb) forms a siloxane bond by a hydrolysis-condensation reaction in the process of forming the ultraviolet absorbing layer, and cures to become a silicon oxide matrix component (b).
- hydrolyzable silane compound refers to an unreacted hydrolyzable silane compound, one partial hydrolysis condensate thereof, and two or more partial hydrolysis unless otherwise specified. It is used as a term including decomposition cocondensate.
- hydrolyzable silane compound for example, when referring to a hydrolyzable silane compound (c), an unreacted hydrolyzable silane compound (c), a partial hydrolysis condensate thereof, and other hydrolysis It is used as a term including the unit of the hydrolyzable silane compound (c) in the partially hydrolyzed cocondensate with the functional silane compound.
- (meth) acrylic and “(meth) acrylo” such as (meth) acrylic acid ester and (meth) acryloxy group used in the present specification are “acrylic” and “methacrylic”. Both are terms that mean both “acrylo...” and “methacrylo...”.
- the ultraviolet absorber (a) is reactive with the hydrolyzable silane compound (Rb) as a raw material component of the ultraviolet absorber (a), for example, when blended in the liquid composition as the ultraviolet absorber (a) itself.
- a silylated ultraviolet absorber (Ra) having the formula:
- the hollow particles (c) are blended in the liquid composition as the hollow particles (c) themselves.
- the ultraviolet absorber (a) contained in the ultraviolet absorbing layer contains one or more selected from benzophenone compounds, triazine compounds, and benzotriazole compounds.
- benzotriazole-based compound specifically, 2- [5-chloro (2H) -benzotriazol-2-yl] -4-methyl-6- (tert-butyl) phenol (as a commercial product, TINUVIN 326 (Trade name, manufactured by Ciba Japan), etc.), octyl-3- [3-tert-4-hydroxy-5- [5-chloro-2H-benzotriazol-2-yl] propionate, 2- (2H-benzo Triazol-2-yl) -4,6-di-tert-pentylphenol, 2- (2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl) benzotriazole, 2- [2-hydroxy-3- (3,4,5,6) -Tetrahydrophthalimido-methyl) -5-methylphenyl] benzotriazole, 2- (2-hydroxy-5-tert-octylphenyl) ) Benzotriazole, 2- (2-hydroxy-5-tert-butylphenyl) -2H-
- triazine compound examples include 2- [4-[(2-hydroxy-3-dodecyloxypropyl) oxy] -2-hydroxyphenyl] -4,6-bis (2,4-dimethylphenyl). ) -1,3,5-triazine, 2- [4-[(2-hydroxy-3- (2′-ethyl) hexyl) oxy] -2-hydroxyphenyl] -4,6-bis (2,4- Dimethylphenyl) -1,3,5-triazine, 2,4-bis (2-hydroxy-4-butoxyphenyl) -6- (2,4-bis-butoxyphenyl) -1,3,5-triazine, 2 -(2-Hydroxy-4- [1-octylcarbonylethoxy] phenyl) -4,6-bis (4-phenylphenyl) -1,3,5-triazine, TINUVIN477 (trade name, Ciba Japan Ltd.) Etsu Chemical Co.
- benzophenone compounds include 2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone, 2,2 ′, 3 (or any of 4, 5, 6) -trihydroxybenzophenone, 2,2 ′, 4,4′-.
- examples thereof include tetrahydroxybenzophenone, 2,4-dihydroxy-2 ′, 4′-dimethoxybenzophenone, and 2-hydroxy-4-n-octoxybenzophenone.
- 2,2 ', 4,4'-tetrahydroxybenzophenone is preferably used.
- the ultraviolet absorber (a) one of these compounds can be used alone, or two or more can be used in combination.
- the ultraviolet absorbent (a) contained in the ultraviolet absorbing layer is basically a compound blended in a liquid composition for forming the ultraviolet absorbing layer. That is, the ultraviolet absorber (a) blended in the liquid composition does not participate in the reaction or the like in the process of forming the ultraviolet absorbing layer.
- a hydroxyl group-containing benzophenone compound is preferably used among the compounds exemplified above since it has high solubility in a solvent and an absorption wavelength band in a desirable range.
- ultraviolet absorbing materials other than these are combined with one or more selected from the above-mentioned benzophenone compounds, triazine compounds, and benzotriazole compounds. You may use as an agent (a).
- the ultraviolet absorber (a) a compound that is soluble in a solvent described later that is usually contained in a liquid composition is preferable.
- the ultraviolet absorber (a) is dispersed as fine particles in a dispersion medium to obtain a dispersion liquid. It is preferable to make it contain in a liquid composition.
- the dispersion in which the fine particles of the ultraviolet absorbent (a) are dispersed is a dispersion dispersed using a dispersant.
- a liquid is preferred.
- the dispersion medium in the dispersion liquid of the ultraviolet absorbent (a) fine particles constitutes a part of the solvent contained in the composition in the obtained composition, It is preferable to use a compound having compatibility as a dispersion medium.
- the content of the ultraviolet absorber (a) in the ultraviolet absorbing layer is based on 100 parts by mass of the silicon oxide matrix component (b) from the viewpoint that the layer has sufficient ultraviolet absorbing ability and ensures mechanical strength. It is preferably 1 to 200 parts by mass, more preferably 5 to 180 parts by mass, and particularly preferably 15 to 150 parts by mass.
- the ultraviolet absorbent (a) has reactivity with the hydrolyzable group of the hydrolyzable silane compound (Rb).
- a reactive ultraviolet absorber (Ra) into which a hydrolyzable silyl group has been introduced can be added to the liquid composition. Specifically, it contains a silyl group having a hydrolyzable group obtained by introducing a silyl group having a hydrolyzable group into a benzophenone compound, a triazine compound, and a benzotriazole compound by an appropriate method.
- the liquid composition may contain at least one selected from the above-described compounds as a reactive ultraviolet absorber (Ra).
- the ultraviolet absorber which consists of the said compound containing the silyl group which has a hydrolysable group is hereafter called silylated ultraviolet absorber (Ra).
- a reaction product of a hydroxyl group-containing benzophenone compound preferably used in the present invention and a hydrolyzable silane compound having a reactivity with a hydroxyl group, for example, an epoxy group (hereinafter referred to as “silylated benzophenone compound”).
- silylated benzophenone compound can also be used as a silylated ultraviolet absorber (Ra). If the silylated benzophenone compound is contained in the liquid composition together with the hydrolyzable silane compound (Rb), they are co-crosslinked by a hydrolysis reaction. Thereby, the hydroxyl group-containing benzophenone compound residue derived from the silylated benzophenone compound is fixed to the silicon oxide matrix, and bleeding out is prevented. As a result, the obtained ultraviolet absorbing layer can maintain the ultraviolet absorbing ability over a long period of time.
- the silylated ultraviolet absorber (Ra) will be described using a silylated benzophenone compound as an example.
- a benzophenone compound having a hydroxyl group as a raw material of the silylated benzophenone compound an excellent ultraviolet absorption after the benzophenone compound having 2 to 4 hydroxyl groups represented by the following general formula (a1) is silylated It is preferably used because of its ability.
- the hydroxyl group-containing benzophenone compound has more preferably 3 or 4 hydroxyl groups.
- the compound represented by the formula (a1) may be referred to as the compound (a1). The same applies to compounds represented by other formulas.
- Xs may be the same or different and each represents a hydrogen atom or a hydroxyl group, at least one of which is a hydroxyl group.
- benzophenone compounds having a hydroxyl group represented by the general formula (a1) 2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone, 2,2 ′, 3 (or any of 4, 5, 6) -trihydroxybenzophenone 2,2 ′, 4,4′-tetrahydroxybenzophenone and the like are more preferable, and 2,2 ′, 4,4′-tetrahydroxybenzophenone is particularly preferable.
- the hydroxyl group-containing benzophenone compound can be used alone or as a mixture of two or more.
- a hydrolyzable silane compound containing a group reactive with a hydroxyl group particularly a hydrolyzable silane compound containing an epoxy group, used in a reaction for silylated such a hydroxyl group-containing benzophenone compound,
- examples thereof include trifunctional or bifunctional hydrolyzable silane compounds in which a non-hydrolyzable monovalent organic group is bonded to a silicon atom.
- the epoxy group-containing hydrolyzable silane compound is particularly preferably 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane, 2- (3,4-epoxycyclohexyl) ethyltrimethoxysilane, 3-glycidoxypropylmethyldimethoxysilane, 2- (3,4-epoxycyclohexyl) ethylmethyldimethoxysilane and the like are used.
- the epoxy group-containing hydrolyzable silane compound can be used alone or as a mixture of two or more.
- At least one hydroxyl group-containing benzophenone compound and at least one epoxy group-containing hydrolyzable silane compound are reacted in the presence of a catalyst as necessary.
- the amount of the epoxy group-containing hydrolyzable silane compound used in the reaction is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.5 to 5.0 mol, more preferably 1.0 to 3.3 mol per mol of the hydroxyl group-containing benzophenone compound. 0 mole.
- the amount of the epoxy group-containing hydrolyzable silane compound relative to 1 mol of the hydroxyl group-containing benzophenone compound is less than 0.5 mol, when added to the liquid composition, there are many hydroxyl group-containing benzophenone compounds that are not silylated. May cause bleed-out.
- quaternary ammonium salt as described in JP-A-58-10591 is preferable.
- the quaternary ammonium salt include tetramethylammonium chloride, tetraethylammonium chloride, benzyltrimethylammonium chloride, benzyltriethylammonium chloride and the like.
- the amount of the catalyst to be added to the reaction system is not particularly limited, but the addition amount is 0.005 to 10 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass in total of the hydroxyl group-containing benzophenone compound and the epoxy group-containing hydrolyzable silane compound.
- the amount is preferably, and more preferably 0.01 to 5 parts by mass.
- the addition amount of the catalyst is less than 0.005 parts by mass with respect to a total of 100 parts by mass of the hydroxyl group-containing benzophenone compound and the epoxy group-containing hydrolyzable silane compound, the reaction takes a long time, and when it exceeds 10 parts by mass, When this reaction product is added to the liquid composition, the catalyst may reduce the stability of the composition.
- the silylation reaction is carried out by heating a mixture of a hydroxyl group-containing benzophenone compound and an epoxy group-containing hydrolyzable silane compound, preferably in the above ratio, in the temperature range of 50 to 150 ° C. for 4 to 20 hours in the presence of a catalyst. It can be carried out.
- This reaction may be performed in the absence of a solvent or in a solvent that dissolves both the hydroxyl group-containing benzophenone compound and the epoxy group-containing hydrolyzable silane compound.
- the reaction is easy to control and easy to handle.
- a method using a solvent is preferred. Examples of such a solvent include toluene, xylene, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate and the like.
- the amount of the solvent to be used is about 10 to 300 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass in total of the hydroxyl group-containing benzophenone compound and the epoxy group-containing hydrolyzable silane compound.
- the silylated benzophenone compound preferably used in the present invention is obtained by reacting 1 to 2 hydroxyl groups of a benzophenone compound containing 3 or more hydroxyl groups with an epoxy group of an epoxy group-containing hydrolyzable silane compound. More preferably, 4- (2-hydroxy-3- (3- (trimethoxysilyl) propoxy) propoxy) -2,2 ′, 4 ′ represented by the following formula (Ra1) is exemplified. -Trihydroxybenzophenone and the like. In the following formula (Ra1), Me represents a methyl group.
- the liquid composition contains the silylated benzophenone compound as a raw material component of the ultraviolet absorber (a)
- the content is calculated as follows. What is necessary is just to adjust so that it may become content of the ultraviolet absorber (a) in an absorption layer.
- a silylated benzophenone-based compound a silyl group having a hydrolyzable group, for example, in the compound (Ra1), the amount of —Si (OMe) 3 is converted to SiO 2 and the hydrolyzable silane compound (described later) In the amount of Rb).
- the part of the silylated benzophenone compound other than the silyl group having a hydrolyzable group that is, the amount of the hydroxyl group-containing benzophenone compound residue containing a linking group is defined as the content of the ultraviolet absorber (a).
- the mass part of the ultraviolet absorber (a) with respect to 100 parts by mass of the silicon oxide matrix component (b) obtained from the amount of the hydrolyzable silane compound (Rb) is calculated.
- the silicon oxide matrix component (b) contained in the ultraviolet absorbing layer is made of a cured product of a hydrolyzable silane compound (Rb).
- the amount of the silicon oxide matrix component (b) contained in the ultraviolet absorbing layer can be calculated from the content of the hydrolyzable silane compound (Rb) in the liquid composition.
- the content of the hydrolyzable silane compound (Rb) in the liquid composition SiO 2 content when silicon atoms contained in the hydrolyzable silane compound (Rb) to the total solid content in the composition in terms of SiO 2 It is.
- the content of the silicon oxide-based matrix component (b) in the ultraviolet absorbing layer is the content in terms of SiO 2 of the hydrolyzable silane compound (Rb) in the liquid composition unless otherwise specified. .
- the content of the silicon oxide matrix component (b) is preferably 5 to 90% by mass and more preferably 10 to 50% by mass with respect to the total mass of the ultraviolet absorbing layer.
- Examples of the hydrolyzable silane compound (Rb) include a compound (Rb1) represented by the following formula (Rb1).
- R H1 n1 SiX 1 4-n1 (Rb1) (In the formula (Rb1), n1 is an integer of 0 to 3, R H1 is a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms and having no fluorine atom, and X 1 is a hydrolyzable group. When a plurality of R H1 and X 1 are present, these may be different from each other or the same.
- the compound (Rb1) includes a monofunctional to tetrafunctional hydrolyzable silane compound having 1 to 4 hydrolyzable groups (X 1 ) represented by “4-n1”.
- the compound (Rb1) one type may be used alone, or two or more types may be used in combination.
- a trifunctional or tetrafunctional hydrolyzable silane compound is usually used to form a three-dimensional siloxane bond.
- a monofunctional hydrolyzable silane compound and a bifunctional hydrolyzable silane compound May be used.
- the hydrolyzable group (X 1 ) of the compound (Rb1) is preferably an organooxy group such as an alkoxy group, an alkenyloxy group, an acyloxy group, an iminoxy group, or an aminoxy group, and particularly preferably an alkoxy group.
- an alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms and an alkoxy-substituted alkoxy group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms are preferable, and a methoxy group and an ethoxy group are particularly preferable.
- Tetrafunctional hydrolyzable silane compound is represented by SiX 1 4.
- the hydrolyzable group (X 1 ) is preferably an alkoxy group, more preferably an alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, still more preferably a methoxy group and an ethoxy group.
- SiX 1 4 specifically, tetramethoxysilane, tetraethoxysilane, tetra -n- propoxysilane, tetra -n- butoxysilane, tetra -sec- butoxysilane, tetra -tert- butoxysilane.
- tetraethoxysilane, tetramethoxysilane or the like is preferably used. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the trifunctional hydrolyzable silane compound is a compound in which three hydrolyzable groups and one R H1 are bonded to a silicon atom. Three of the hydrolyzable groups may be the same as or different from each other.
- the hydrolyzable group is preferably an alkoxy group, more preferably an alkoxy group having 4 or less carbon atoms, and still more preferably a methoxy group and an ethoxy group.
- R H1 is a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms that does not have a fluorine atom.
- the unsubstituted hydrocarbon group include an alkyl group or an aryl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms is particularly preferable.
- trifunctional hydrolyzable silane compounds in which R H1 is an unsubstituted hydrocarbon group include methyltrimethoxysilane, methyltriethoxysilane, methyltris (2-methoxyethoxy) silane, methyltrimethoxysilane.
- These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- R H1 may have include an epoxy group, a (meth) acryloxy group, a primary or secondary amino group, an oxetanyl group, a vinyl group, a styryl group, a ureido group, a mercapto group, an isocyanate group, and a cyano group.
- Group, halogen atom and the like An epoxy group, (meth) acryloxy group, primary or secondary amino group, oxetanyl group, vinyl group, ureido group, mercapto group and the like are preferable.
- an epoxy group, a primary or secondary amino group, and a (meth) acryloxy group are preferable.
- the group having an epoxy group is preferably a glycidoxy group or a 3,4-epoxycyclohexyl group, and the primary or secondary amino group is an amino group, a monoalkylamino group, a phenylamino group, or N- (aminoalkyl).
- An amino group or the like is preferable.
- trifunctional hydrolyzable silane compound in which R H1 is a substituted hydrocarbon group examples include 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-glycidoxypropyltriethoxysilane, 2- (3 , 4-epoxycyclohexyl) ethyltrimethoxysilane, 2- (3,4-epoxycyclohexyl) ethyltriethoxysilane, 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, di- (3-methacryloxy) propyltriethoxysilane, etc. .
- 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-glycidoxypropyltriethoxysilane, 2- (3,4-epoxycyclohexyl) ethyltrimethoxysilane, 2- (3,4 -Epoxycyclohexyl) ethyltriethoxysilane and the like are particularly preferred. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the hydrolyzable silane compound (Rb) is preferably composed of only (1) a tetrafunctional hydrolyzable silane compound, or (2) a tetrafunctional hydrolyzable silane compound and a trifunctional hydrolyzable silane compound. Consists of. In the present invention, (1) it is particularly preferable to be composed only of a tetrafunctional hydrolyzable silane compound. In the case of (1), the ultraviolet absorbing layer preferably further contains a flexible component (e) described later in order to obtain sufficient crack resistance while securing a certain thickness.
- the content ratio of the tetrafunctional hydrolyzable silane compound to the trifunctional hydrolyzable silane compound is a mass ratio of tetrafunctional hydrolyzable silane compound / 3 trifunctional hydrolyzable silane compound. 30/70 to 95/5 is preferable, 40/60 to 90/10 is more preferable, and 50/50 to 85/15 is particularly preferable.
- the bifunctional hydrolyzable silane compound is optionally used in (1) and (2) as necessary.
- the content is preferably 30% by mass or less based on the total amount of the hydrolyzable silane compound (Rb).
- the hydrolyzable silane compound (Rb) is at least partly partially hydrolyzed (co) condensed rather than consisting of only the unreacted hydrolyzable silane compound, that is, the monomer of the hydrolyzable silane compound. It is preferable in terms of stability and uniform reactivity of the hydrolyzable silane compound in the liquid composition.
- the hydrolyzable silane compound (Rb) is added to the liquid composition as a partial hydrolysis condensate of the hydrolyzable silane compound (Rb) (monomer), or the hydrolyzable silane compound (Rb). It is preferable to mix the (monomer) with other components contained in the liquid composition and then partially hydrolyze and condense at least a part thereof to form a liquid composition.
- the partially hydrolyzed (co) condensate is an oligomer (multimer) produced by hydrolysis and subsequent dehydration condensation of a hydrolyzable silane compound.
- the partially hydrolyzed (co) condensate is a high molecular weight compound that is usually soluble in a solvent.
- the partially hydrolyzed (co) condensate has a hydrolyzable group and a silanol group, and further has a property of being hydrolyzed (co) condensed to be a final cured product.
- a partially hydrolyzed condensate can be obtained from only one kind of hydrolyzable silane compound, and a partially hydrolyzed condensate that is a cocondensate thereof can be obtained from two or more kinds of hydrolyzable silane compounds. it can.
- the partial hydrolysis (co) condensation of the hydrolyzable silane compound is performed, for example, by using a reaction solution obtained by adding water to a lower alcohol solution of the hydrolyzable silane compound in the presence of an acid catalyst at 1 to 48 at 1 to 48 ° C. This can be done by stirring for a period of time.
- the acid catalyst used in the reaction include inorganic acids such as nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, and phosphoric acid, formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, glycolic acid, oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, maleic acid, and phthalic acid.
- examples thereof include carboxylic acids such as acid, citric acid and malic acid, and sulfonic acids such as methanesulfonic acid.
- the amount of acid to be added can be set without particular limitation as long as it can function as a catalyst. Specifically, the amount of acid added is 0.001 to 3.0 moles relative to the volume of the reaction solution containing the hydrolyzable silane compound. An amount of about / L can be mentioned.
- the ultraviolet absorbing layer comprises 55% by mass or less of the hollow particles (c) having a hollow portion surrounded by the outer shell and the outer shell with respect to the total mass of the ultraviolet absorbing layer.
- the total volume is contained in a range of 1% or more with respect to the total volume of the ultraviolet absorbing layer.
- the ultraviolet absorbing layer contains the hollow particles (c) so that the total volume of the hollow portions is 1% or more with respect to the total volume of the ultraviolet absorbing layer. By doing so, the ultraviolet absorbing layer is excellent in visible light transmittance.
- the ratio of the total volume of the hollow portions of the hollow particles (c) to the total volume of the ultraviolet absorbing layer (hereinafter also referred to as “porosity”) is preferably 1% or more, and more preferably 3% or more.
- the upper limit of the content of the hollow particles (c) in the ultraviolet absorbing layer is 55% by mass with respect to the total mass of the ultraviolet absorbing layer.
- the primary particle diameter of the hollow particles (c) is preferably from 3 to 200 nm, more preferably from 5 to 150 nm, and particularly preferably from 10 to 100 nm, depending on the material of the hollow particles and the size of the hollow part.
- the primary particle diameter of the hollow particles (c) is smaller than 3 nm, it is difficult to increase the porosity of the ultraviolet absorbing layer, and sufficient visible light transmittance may not be obtained. If it is larger than 200 nm, visible light may be scattered and the transmittance may be lowered.
- the shape of the hollow particles (c) is not particularly limited, and specific examples include spherical shapes, rod shapes, spindle shapes, columnar shapes, and the like. In the present invention, it is possible to use a mixture of hollow particles having these shapes, but it is preferable to use spherical hollow particles alone.
- the “diameter” means an average value of the major axis and the minor axis when the shape of the hollow particles is other than a sphere.
- Spherical refers to an aspect ratio of 1 to 2.
- the hollow particles (c) are composed of an outer shell (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “shell”) and a hollow portion surrounded by the outer shell (hereinafter sometimes simply referred to as “hollow portion”).
- the primary particle diameter of the hollow particles (c) is referred to as the outer diameter, and the diameter of the hollow portion is referred to as the inner diameter.
- the thickness of the outer shell of the hollow particles (c) indicated by (outer diameter ⁇ inner diameter) / 2 is preferably 1 to 20 nm, and more preferably 2 to 10 nm.
- the thickness of the outer shell of the hollow particles is smaller than 1 nm, the outer shell is likely to be damaged, and there is a possibility that the voids due to the hollow portions of the hollow particles (c) in the ultraviolet absorbing layer cannot be maintained.
- it is larger than 20 nm, it is difficult to increase the porosity of the ultraviolet absorbing layer, and sufficient visible light transmittance may not be obtained.
- the inner diameter (d) of the outer shell thickness (t) is preferably 0.3 to 40, more preferably 1 to 30. If (d) / (t) of the hollow particles (c) is smaller than 0.3, it is difficult to increase the porosity of the ultraviolet absorbing layer, and if it is larger than 40, the surface smoothness of the ultraviolet absorbing layer is impaired. Or the outer shell may be damaged and the voids due to the hollow portions of the hollow particles (c) may not be maintained.
- the primary particle diameter (outer diameter), the diameter of the hollow part (inner diameter), and the thickness of the outer shell of the hollow particle (c) are observed with a transmission electron microscope.
- 100 hollow particles are selected at random, the outer diameter and the inner diameter are measured for each of the 100 particles, and the values obtained by calculating the thickness of the outer shell are averaged.
- the outer diameter refers to the diameter of the hollow particles
- the inner diameter refers to the diameter of the hollow portion.
- the material constituting the outer shell of the hollow particle (c) is not particularly limited as long as the outer diameter, the inner diameter, the thickness of the outer shell, the shape, and the like can be configured.
- specific examples of such materials include silica; polymers such as acrylic resin, styrene resin (polystyrene), epoxy resin, and silicone resin; metal oxides such as alumina, titania, zirconia, and zinc oxide.
- an acrylic resin is preferable.
- an acrylic resin specifically, a homopolymer of (meth) acrylic acid alkyl ester, a copolymer of (meth) acrylic acid alkyl ester and a monomer copolymerizable with the (meth) acrylic acid alkyl ester Etc.
- PMMA polymethyl methacrylate
- the outer shell constituting material of the hollow particles (c) is preferably a material having a refractive index (589 nm) of 1.6 or less from the viewpoint of maintaining the visible light transmittance of the ultraviolet absorbing layer at a predetermined level.
- the refractive index means a refractive index in light having a wavelength of 589 nm unless otherwise specified.
- the outer shell constituting material of the hollow particles (c) other materials constituting the ultraviolet absorbing layer, in particular, from the viewpoint of improving adhesion by forming a silanol bond with the silicon oxide matrix component (b). Silica is particularly preferable.
- the hollow particles (c) one kind may be used alone, or two or more kinds having different constituent materials and sizes of the outer shell may be used in combination.
- the production method is not particularly limited.
- the hollow particles (c) made of silica or metal oxide can be specifically produced by a production method having the following steps (I) to (III).
- (II) The hollow particle-forming liquid composition (Iii) A step of removing the core fine particles from the core-shell type fine particles by dissolution or decomposition. The step of forming the outer shell on the surface of the core fine particles to obtain the core-shell type fine particles.
- the core fine particles made of a soluble and / or decomposable material used in the step (I) are core fine particles made of a material that is dissolved, decomposed, or sublimated by heat, acid, light, or the like. Although it depends on the shell material, it is a core fine particle made of a material that can be processed to dissolve and decompose only the core fine particles without dissolving and decomposing the shell of the core-shell type fine particles in the step (III).
- core fine particles examples include thermally decomposable organic polymer fine particles such as surfactant micelles, water-soluble organic polymers, styrene resins, and acrylic resins; sodium aluminate, calcium carbonate, basic zinc carbonate, and zinc oxide.
- thermally decomposable organic polymer fine particles such as surfactant micelles, water-soluble organic polymers, styrene resins, and acrylic resins; sodium aluminate, calcium carbonate, basic zinc carbonate, and zinc oxide.
- acid-soluble inorganic fine particles such as metal chalcogenide semiconductors such as zinc sulfide and cadmium sulfide and light-soluble inorganic fine particles such as zinc oxide can be used.
- metal chalcogenide semiconductors such as zinc sulfide and cadmium sulfide
- light-soluble inorganic fine particles such as zinc oxide.
- core fine particles made of a material having a dielectric property having a relative dielectric constant of 10 or more are prefer
- the particle shape of the core fine particles to be used is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include the same shapes as those mentioned above for the hollow particles (c).
- the average primary particle size of the core fine particles (particle size in a state where they are not aggregated) adjusts the dissolution / decomposition rate of the core in the subsequent core fine particle dissolution / decomposition step, and the size of the hollow portion of the resulting hollow particles. You can choose from a viewpoint.
- the average primary particle diameter (average) of the hollow particles is preferably 1 to 198 nm, and more preferably 5 to 100 nm.
- a precursor of a hollow particle outer shell material is usually blended in a dispersion in which core fine particles are dispersed in a dispersion medium.
- a liquid composition for forming hollow particles is used.
- the dispersion medium for the core fine particles is not particularly limited. Examples thereof include water, alcohols, ketones, esters, ethers, nitrogen-containing compounds, and sulfur-containing compounds.
- As a dispersion medium for the core fine particles it is not essential to contain water.
- the outer shell material is formed by hydrolysis and polycondensation of the precursor of the hollow particle outer shell material.
- water of the dispersion medium can be used as it is for the reaction, it is preferable to use water alone or a mixed solvent of water and the above organic solvent as the dispersion medium.
- the content ratio of water in the dispersion medium in such a case include a content ratio of 5 to 100 mass% as a ratio of water contained in 100 mass% of the dispersion medium.
- the hollow particle-forming liquid composition produced in the step (I) may contain a dispersant in addition to the core fine particles, the dispersion medium, and a precursor of a hollow particle outer shell material described later.
- the solid concentration in the liquid composition for forming hollow particles is preferably 50% by mass or less, preferably 0.1% by mass or more, more preferably 30% by mass or less and 1% by mass or more in order to ensure the stability of the dispersion. It is.
- the core fine particles may be a monodisperse or an aggregate.
- the hollow particle outer shell material contained in the liquid composition for forming hollow particles produced in the step (I) As a precursor of the hollow particle outer shell material contained in the liquid composition for forming hollow particles produced in the step (I), as a precursor of silica or metal oxide exemplified as the hollow particle outer shell material, for example, in the case of silica, Si or a metal of a metal oxide, specifically, a salt such as Al, an alkoxide, or the like can be given. Among these, in order to obtain the hollow silica particles preferably used in the present invention, alkoxysilane is preferable from the viewpoint of forming a dense silica outer shell.
- alkoxysilane examples include tetramethoxysilane, tetraethoxysilane, tetra-n-propoxysilane, tetraisopropoxysilane and the like, and tetraethoxysilane is preferable from the viewpoint of an appropriate reaction rate. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Furthermore, it is also possible to use the hydrolyzate or polymer of these compounds as a precursor.
- the content of the precursor of the hollow particle outer shell material in the liquid composition for forming hollow particles is preferably such that the final formed outer shell has a thickness of 1 to 20 nm. An amount of 2 to 10 nm is more preferable.
- the amount of the precursor of the hollow particle shell material is preferably 0.1 to 10,000 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the core fine particles, in terms of the amount of the hollow particle shell material.
- the hollow particle-forming liquid composition used when producing the hollow silica particles preferably used in the present invention it is preferable to contain a hydrolysis catalyst such as an acid or an alkali in addition to the above components.
- the pH of the liquid composition for forming hollow particles is preferably 9-11. This is because the silica outer shell can be formed in a short time, and the produced silica itself is relatively less likely to aggregate.
- electrolytes such as magnesium hydroxide, are added for the purpose of making it easy to form a silica outer shell from a silica precursor by increasing ionic strength. The pH can be adjusted using these electrolytes.
- Step (II) is performed.
- the above-mentioned liquid composition for forming a hollow particle containing the core fine particle, a dispersion medium thereof, and a precursor of the hollow particle outer shell material is used as a method for forming the outer shell on the surface of the core fine particle.
- the reaction is performed under the reaction conditions for producing a hollow particle outer shell material. Specifically, depending on the precursor of the hollow particle outer shell material used, a hydrolysis reaction is performed under heating conditions. And a method of coating the surface of the core fine particles with an outer shell material.
- the heating temperature is preferably 20 to 100 ° C., and 30 to 80 ° C is more preferred.
- the heating temperature the temperature of the liquid composition for forming hollow particles
- the outer shell can be formed in a short time.
- the heating temperature exceeds 100 ° C., the amount of silica precipitated outside the surface of the core fine particles may increase.
- the heating time is appropriately adjusted according to the heating temperature. Also in the case of using other outer shell materials, the heating temperature and time are appropriately adjusted so as to obtain characteristics suitable for the hollow particles used in the present invention.
- the outer shell is made dense by further heating the obtained dispersion of core fine particles having the outer shell.
- the heating method in this case is not particularly limited as long as it is a method that can obtain hollow particles having the characteristics used in the present invention, and examples thereof include direct heating by an autoclave and heating by microwave irradiation. Heating by microwave irradiation is preferred.
- the heating temperature (dispersion temperature) at this time is preferably 100 to 500 ° C., more preferably 120 to 300 ° C. If the heating temperature is 100 ° C. or higher, a dense outer shell can be formed in a short time, and if it is 500 ° C. or lower, temperature control is easy.
- the microwave usually refers to an electromagnetic wave having a frequency of 1 G to 100 GHz. Usually, a microwave having a frequency of 2.45 GHz is used.
- the output of the microwave is, for example, a dispersion of core fine particles having the outer shell obtained above. Is preferably heated to 100 to 500 ° C, more preferably 120 to 300 ° C.
- the microwave irradiation time may be adjusted to the time required to form a shell having a desired thickness according to the microwave output (dispersion temperature). For example, in the case of producing hollow silica particles,
- the preferable microwave output conditions are 10 seconds to 20 minutes.
- step (III) of obtaining hollow particles by dissolving or removing the core fine particles of the core-shell type fine particles obtained in the step (II) is performed.
- the treatment for removing the core fine particles performed in the step (III) is performed in accordance with the properties of the core fine particles used.
- the core fine particles can be decomposed and removed by heating under the condition that the core fine particles are decomposed.
- core fine particles can be dissolved by adding acids such as various inorganic acids (hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, etc.), organic acids (formic acid, acetic acid, etc.), acidic cation exchange resins, etc. Removal is possible.
- the core fine particles can be decomposed and removed by irradiating with light under the condition that the core fine particles decompose.
- the confirmation of the removal of the core fine particles can be made by observing the obtained hollow particles with a transmission electron microscope, or determining the amount of the core fine particle-derived component released into the reaction solution by decomposition or dissolution. It can carry out by measuring using measuring instruments, such as.
- the hollow particles (c) used in the present invention can be obtained in the form of a dispersion by such a method.
- the hollow particle (c) dispersion obtained above contains various components, it is usually purified by a known method to separate the hollow particles (c).
- the hollow particles (c) may be blended in the liquid composition for forming the ultraviolet absorbing layer as they are, but the same as the dispersion medium of an appropriate dispersion medium, for example, the core fine particles used in the production method (I) step. It is preferable to mix
- the hollow particles (c) may be monodispersed or aggregated. Usually, an aggregate in which a plurality of hollow particles are aggregated is preferable.
- the average particle diameter of the hollow particles in the dispersion obtained by the laser diffraction scattering method is preferably 20 to 150 nm.
- the ultraviolet absorbent layer in the glass article of the present invention is optionally a functional component other than the ultraviolet absorbent (a), for example, an infrared absorbent (d), or a component that improves the film formability when forming the ultraviolet absorbent layer.
- a functional component other than the ultraviolet absorbent (a) for example, an infrared absorbent (d), or a component that improves the film formability when forming the ultraviolet absorbent layer.
- a flexible component (e) may be included.
- the ultraviolet absorbing layer may contain additives such as a surface conditioner, an antifoaming agent, a viscosity conditioner, etc. for the purpose of improving the coating properties of the liquid composition as other components, and adheres to the substrate surface.
- An additive such as an adhesion-imparting agent may be included for the purpose of improving the property.
- the compounding amount of these additives is 0.01 to 2 parts by mass for each additive component with respect to 100 parts by mass of the total amount of the silicon oxide matrix component (b) and the flexible component (e). An amount is preferred.
- the ultraviolet absorbing layer may contain dyes, pigments, fillers and the like as long as the object of the present invention is not impaired.
- the infrared absorbent (d) is not particularly limited as long as it is a compound having a function of absorbing light in the infrared wavelength region.
- Specific examples of the infrared absorber (d) include one or more selected from composite tungsten oxide, antimony-doped tin oxide (ATO), and tin-doped indium oxide (ITO). These infrared absorbers (d) are used in the form of fine particles.
- the composite tungsten oxide a general formula: M x W y O z (wherein M element is Cs, Rb, K, Tl, In, Ba, Li, Ca, Sr, Fe, Sn) 1 or more elements selected from the following: W is tungsten; O is oxygen; 0.001 ⁇ x / y ⁇ 1.0; 2.2 ⁇ z / y ⁇ 3.0) Can be mentioned.
- the composite tungsten oxide represented by the above general formula functions effectively as an infrared absorber because a sufficient amount of free electrons are generated.
- the fine particles of the composite tungsten oxide represented by the general formula: M x W y O z have excellent durability when having a hexagonal, tetragonal, or cubic crystal structure. It preferably includes one or more crystal structures selected from crystal and cubic.
- the amount (x) of the added M element is 0.001 or more and 1.0 or less in terms of the molar ratio with respect to the amount (y) of tungsten, and the value of x / y.
- the abundance (z) is 2.2 or more and 3.0 or less in terms of a molar ratio to the amount (y) of tungsten and a value of z / y.
- the value of x / y is preferably about 0.33. This is because the x / y value theoretically calculated from the hexagonal crystal structure is 0.33, and the composite tungsten is contained by containing the M element in such an amount that the x / y value is around this value. This is because the oxide fine particles exhibit preferable optical characteristics.
- Specific examples of such composite tungsten oxide include Cs 0.33 WO 3 , Rb 0.33 WO 3 , K 0.33 WO 3 , Ba 0.33 WO 3 and the like.
- the composite tungsten oxide used in the present invention is not limited to these, and has useful infrared absorption characteristics as long as the values of x / y and z / y are in the above ranges.
- Such a composite tungsten oxide is known to have a maximum value in the wavelength range of 400 to 700 nm and a minimum value in the wavelength range of 700 to 1800 nm in the film in which the fine particles are uniformly dispersed. It is an infrared absorber.
- the fine particles of the composite tungsten oxide represented by the general formula: M x W y O z can be produced by a conventionally known method. For example, using an ammonium tungstate aqueous solution or a tungsten compound starting material in which a tungsten hexachloride solution and an aqueous solution of an element M chloride salt, nitrate, sulfate, oxalate, oxide, etc. are mixed at a predetermined ratio, these are used.
- Composite tungsten oxide fine particles can be obtained by heat treatment in an inert gas atmosphere or a reducing gas atmosphere.
- the surface of the composite tungsten oxide fine particles is preferably coated with a metal oxide selected from Si, Ti, Zr, Al and the like from the viewpoint of improving weather resistance.
- a metal oxide selected from Si, Ti, Zr, Al and the like from the viewpoint of improving weather resistance.
- the coating method is not particularly limited, it is possible to coat the surface of the composite tungsten oxide fine particles by adding the metal alkoxide to the solution in which the composite tungsten oxide fine particles are dispersed.
- the ATO fine particles and the ITO fine particles are obtained by various conventionally known preparation methods, for example, a physical method obtained by pulverizing metal powder by a mechanochemical method or the like; CVD method, vapor deposition method, sputtering method, thermal plasma method, laser method Chemical dry methods such as: pyrolysis method, chemical reduction method, electrolysis method, ultrasonic method, laser ablation method, supercritical fluid method, method called chemical wet method by microwave synthesis method, etc.
- the prepared one can be used without particular limitation.
- the crystal system of these fine particles is not limited to a normal cubic crystal, and depending on the type of hydrolyzable silane compound (Rb) in the liquid composition, for example, hexagonal ITO having a relatively low infrared absorption capability is also required. Can be used according to.
- the composite tungsten oxide fine particles, ATO fine particles, and ITO fine particles may be used alone as an infrared absorber (d), or two or more kinds may be mixed and used.
- ITO fine particles are preferably used from the viewpoint of transmittance loss and environmental safety.
- at least one selected from the above-described composite tungsten oxide fine particles, ATO fine particles, and ITO fine particles may be used as an infrared absorbent (d) in combination with other infrared-absorbing fine particles.
- the average primary particle diameter in the fine particles of the infrared absorber (d) is preferably 100 nm or less, more preferably 50 nm or less, and particularly preferably 30 nm or less.
- the fine particles of the infrared absorber (d) may be aggregated to some extent in the liquid composition, but the average dispersed particle diameter is preferably 200 nm or less, more preferably 150 nm or less, and particularly preferably 100 nm or less. is there.
- the infrared absorbent (d) is the above average in that it can suppress the occurrence of clouding due to scattering (increase in haze) and maintain transparency. It is preferable to have a primary particle size and an average dispersed particle size.
- the lower limit of the average primary particle size is not particularly limited, but infrared absorbent (d) fine particles of about 2 nm that can be produced by the current technology can also be used.
- the average primary particle diameter of the fine particles refers to that measured from an observation image with a transmission electron microscope.
- the lower limit of the average dispersed particle size is not particularly limited.
- the average dispersed particle size refers to that measured by a dynamic scattering method using a particle size distribution measuring device (Microtrac 150: Nanotrac 150).
- the content of the infrared absorber (d) in the ultraviolet absorbing layer is such that the layer has sufficient infrared absorbing ability and ensures mechanical strength, so that the silicon oxide matrix component (b) and the flexible component (e ) Is preferably 1 to 80 parts by mass, more preferably 5 to 60 parts by mass, and particularly preferably 5 to 40 parts by mass.
- the inorganic fine particles used as the infrared absorber (d) are prepared in advance by preparing a dispersion in which inorganic fine particles are dispersed in a dispersion medium from the viewpoint of ensuring sufficient dispersibility in the liquid composition. It is preferable to mix
- the aggregation state of the infrared absorbent (d) fine particles in the ultraviolet absorption layer reflects the aggregation state in the liquid composition and further in the raw material dispersion.
- the fine particles of the infrared absorber (d) are preferably highly dispersed in the dispersion.
- the dispersion liquid in which the fine particles of the infrared absorber (d) are dispersed is preferably a dispersion liquid dispersed using a dispersant described later.
- a dispersing agent is normally contained with an infrared absorber (d).
- the ultraviolet absorbing layer contains the infrared absorbent (d) in addition to the ultraviolet absorbent (a)
- the ultraviolet absorbent layer is contained in the liquid composition for producing the infrared absorbent for the following reasons. It is preferable to contain a chelating agent which forms a complex with (d) and which does not substantially absorb light with a visible light wavelength.
- “Substantially no absorption” means, for example, a liquid composition in which 50 parts by mass of a chelating agent is added to 100 parts by mass of the infrared absorber (d), and the infrared absorber (d) is on the substrate.
- the maximum absorption wavelength of light in the UV-absorbing organic compound contained in the UV absorber (a) is in the range of 325 to 425 nm, and is generally in the range of 325 to 390 nm.
- these compounds have the said infrared absorber ( It is considered that the inorganic fine particles constituting d) are chelate-bonded with each other and easily develop a yellow color.
- a complex is formed with the infrared absorber (d) in the liquid composition, and the complex substantially absorbs light having a visible light wavelength. If a chelating agent not shown is contained, the chelate bond between the ultraviolet absorber (a) and the infrared absorber (d) can be suppressed, and the yellow color can be prevented while maintaining the ultraviolet absorbing ability in the ultraviolet absorbing layer. It becomes possible.
- the dispersant is at least in the molecule, in the part that adsorbs to the surface of the fine particles, and in the dispersion medium (which becomes a part of the solvent in the liquid composition) from the adsorbed part after adsorbing to the fine particles
- the dispersant is at least in the molecule, in the part that adsorbs to the surface of the fine particles, and in the dispersion medium (which becomes a part of the solvent in the liquid composition) from the adsorbed part after adsorbing to the fine particles.
- a chelating agent is a compound that can be coordinated to a plurality of positions on the surface of a fine particle with one molecule, has little steric hindrance after adsorption to the fine particle due to the molecular structure, and is stable in dispersion of the fine particle. It is a generic term for compounds that do not have the function of increasing the properties. Although the dispersant and the chelating agent are both adsorbed on the surface of the fine particles, the dispersing agent has a function of increasing the dispersion stability, whereas the chelating agent is different in that it does not have the function.
- the molecular weight of the chelating agent is preferably 1,000 to 100,000.
- the molecular weight is more preferably 1,500 to 100,000, and particularly preferably 2,000 to 100,000.
- the molecular weight of the chelating agent is within the above range, it is adsorbed and coordinated on the surface of the infrared absorbent (d) fine particles together with the dispersant, and the ultraviolet absorbent (a) is chelate-bonded to the fine particles of the infrared absorbent (d). Even when 1 to 13 parts by mass is used with respect to 100 parts by mass of the infrared absorber (d), the chelating agent bleeds out from the layer after the ultraviolet absorbing layer is formed. In addition, the number of adsorption points with respect to molecules is reduced, and furthermore, the hardness of the ultraviolet absorbing layer is hardly lowered.
- the dispersant has a part that adsorbs to the surface of the fine particles of the infrared absorber (d) and a part that extends into the dispersion medium and ensures dispersion stability.
- the content of the dispersing agent in the ultraviolet absorbing layer may be an appropriate amount that ensures the dispersion stability of the fine particles of the infrared absorbing agent (d) in the liquid composition, for example, 1 to 100 parts by weight of the infrared absorbing agent (d). 13 parts by mass is preferred.
- An appropriate amount of such a dispersant may not be a sufficient amount that sufficiently covers the surface of the fine particles of the infrared absorber (d) and can suppress the chelate bond of the ultraviolet absorber (a).
- the chelating agent and the dispersing agent together can sufficiently cover the surface of the fine particles of the infrared absorbing agent (d), and the infrared ray of the ultraviolet absorbing agent (a).
- the chelate bond to the absorbent (d) fine particles can be sufficiently suppressed.
- the content of the chelating agent in the ultraviolet absorbing layer is preferably 1 to 13 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the infrared absorbing agent (d), and is appropriately adjusted within the above range according to the content of the dispersing agent. do it.
- the content of the chelating agent is sufficient to cause the ultraviolet absorbent (a) to chelate bond to the fine particles of the infrared absorbent (d) in the liquid composition when the molecular weight chelating agent is used together with the dispersant. While suppressing, the amount of the chelating agent bleed-out hardly occurs from the ultraviolet absorbing layer.
- the chelating agent is preferably a chelating agent that is soluble in a solvent used in the liquid composition described later, specifically, a solvent containing water and preferably an alcohol.
- a chelating agent include a polymer having a molecular weight within the above range, which is obtained by using one or more selected from maleic acid, acrylic acid and methacrylic acid as a monomer.
- the polymer may be a homopolymer or a copolymer.
- polymaleic acid and polyacrylic acid are preferably used. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- a commercially available product can be used as the chelating agent.
- Commercially available products include, for example, non-pole PMA-50W (trade name, manufactured by NOF Corporation, molecular weight: 1,200, aqueous solution having a solid content of 40 to 48% by mass) as polymaleic acid, and aqualic HL as polyacrylic acid. (Trade name, manufactured by Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd., molecular weight: 10,000, aqueous solution having a solid content of 45.5% by mass) and the like.
- the flexible component (e) can contribute to suppression of crack generation in the ultraviolet absorbing layer.
- the ultraviolet absorbing layer may not have sufficient flexibility. If the liquid composition contains the flexible component (e) together with the tetrafunctional hydrolyzable silane compound, an ultraviolet absorbing layer excellent in both mechanical strength and crack resistance can be easily produced.
- the flexible component (e) examples include silicone resins, acrylic resins, polyester resins, polyurethane resins, hydrophilic organic resins containing polyoxyalkylene groups, various organic resins such as epoxy resins, and organic compounds such as glycerin. be able to.
- the form is preferably liquid, fine particles or the like.
- the organic resin may also be a curable resin that cures as the hydrolyzable silane compound (Rb) is cured by heating when forming the ultraviolet absorbing layer using a liquid composition containing the organic resin.
- a part of the hydrolyzable silane compound (Rb) and the curable resin which is the flexible component (e) may partially react and crosslink within a range that does not impair the properties of the resulting coating. .
- the silicone resin is preferably a silicone oil containing various modified silicone oils, or a part or all of a diorganosilicone containing a hydrolyzable silyl group or a polymerizable group-containing organic group at the end.
- examples thereof include silicone rubber and the like.
- hydrophilic organic resin containing a polyoxyalkylene group examples include polyethylene glycol (PEG) and polyether phosphate ester polymers.
- the polyurethane resin is polyurethane rubber or the like
- the acrylic resin is acrylonitrile rubber, a homopolymer of (meth) acrylic acid alkyl ester, a (meth) acrylic acid alkyl ester and a copolymer capable of copolymerizing with the (meth) acrylic acid alkyl ester.
- Preferred examples include copolymers with a monomer.
- the monomer copolymerizable with the (meth) acrylic acid alkyl ester has a partial structure of a hydroxyalkyl ester of (meth) acrylic acid, a (meth) acrylic acid ester having a polyoxyalkylene group, or an ultraviolet absorber.
- a (meth) acrylic acid ester, a (meth) acrylic acid ester having a silicon atom, or the like can be used.
- polyepoxides are a general term for compounds having a plurality of epoxy groups. That is, the average number of epoxy groups of the polyepoxides is 2 or more, but in the present invention, polyepoxides having an average number of epoxy groups of 2 to 10 are preferred.
- Such polyepoxides are preferably polyglycidyl compounds such as polyglycidyl ether compounds, polyglycidyl ester compounds, and polyglycidyl amine compounds.
- the polyepoxides may be either aliphatic polyepoxides or aromatic polyepoxides, and aliphatic polyepoxides are preferred.
- polyglycidyl ether compounds are preferred, and aliphatic polyglycidyl ether compounds are particularly preferred.
- a glycidyl ether of a bifunctional or higher alcohol is preferable, and a glycidyl ether of a trifunctional or higher alcohol is particularly preferable from the viewpoint of improving light resistance.
- These alcohols are preferably aliphatic alcohols, alicyclic alcohols, or sugar alcohols.
- polyglycidyl ether compound examples include ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether, polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether, propylene glycol diglycidyl ether, polypropylene glycol diglycidyl ether, neopentyl glycol diglycidyl ether, glycerol polyglycidyl ether, diglycerol poly Examples thereof include glycidyl ether, polyglycerol polyglycidyl ether, trimethylolpropane polyglycidyl ether, sorbitol polyglycidyl ether, and pentaerythritol polyglycidyl ether. These may use only 1 type and may use 2 or more types together.
- a poly of an aliphatic polyol having three or more hydroxyl groups such as glycerol polyglycidyl ether, diglycerol polyglycidyl ether, polyglycerol polyglycidyl ether, and sorbitol polyglycidyl ether.
- Glycidyl ether one having an average number of glycidyl groups (epoxy groups) exceeding 2 per molecule is preferred. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- epoxy resins particularly polyepoxides, PEG, glycerin, and the like can impart sufficient flexibility to the UV absorbing layer while maintaining mechanical strength. It is preferable from the point.
- the above epoxy resins, particularly polyepoxides, PEG, glycerin, etc. in addition to the function of preventing the occurrence of cracks due to light irradiation over a long period of time, while ensuring the colorless transparency of the ultraviolet absorbing layer, It also has a function of suppressing deterioration of various functions such as infrared absorption.
- polyepoxides are particularly preferable among these.
- the content of the flexible component (e) in the ultraviolet absorbing layer is not particularly limited as long as it is an amount capable of imparting flexibility to the resulting coating and improving crack resistance without impairing the effects of the present invention.
- An amount of 0.1 to 100 parts by mass is preferable with respect to 100 parts by mass of the silicon oxide matrix component (b), and an amount of 1.0 to 50 parts by mass is more preferable.
- the liquid composition comprises, as a solid content, an essential component of an ultraviolet absorber (a) or a reactive ultraviolet absorber (Ra) (in the following description, a reactive ultraviolet absorber ( Ra) and the ultraviolet absorber (a))), raw material components of the silicon oxide matrix component (b), for example, the hydrolyzable silane compound (Rb) and the hollow particles (c) are further optional components.
- An infrared absorber (d), a flexible component (e), a dispersant, a chelating agent, and the like are contained in a content appropriately adjusted within the above range.
- the liquid composition is a liquid composition obtained by adding a solvent to these components in order to uniformly apply the above components on the glass substrate.
- content of each component with respect to the said total solid in a liquid composition is corresponded to content of each component in an ultraviolet absorption layer.
- the liquid composition usually contains water and an organic solvent for hydrolyzing the hydrolyzable silane compound (Rb) and the like as a solvent.
- the organic solvent is compatible with water, and dissolves components such as the ultraviolet absorber (a), hydrolyzable silane compound (Rb), and flexible component (e), hollow particles (c) and infrared absorption. It means a dispersion medium in which solid fine particles such as an agent (d) are dispersed, and means an organic compound that is liquid at room temperature with a relatively low boiling point.
- An organic solvent consists of organic compounds, such as alcohol, and 2 or more types of mixtures may be sufficient as it.
- the dispersion medium and the solvent may be the same organic solvent or different organic solvents.
- the organic solvent in the liquid composition is a mixture of the dispersion medium and the solvent.
- the dispersion medium and the solvent are a combination having compatibility so that the mixture becomes a uniform mixture.
- each compounding component such as an ultraviolet absorber (a), a hydrolyzable silane compound (Rb), a flexible component (e), a hollow particle (c), and an infrared absorber (d) is in the state of a solution or dispersion.
- the solvent or dispersion medium may be used as it is without removing the solvent or the dispersion medium, so that the organic solvent or part of water in the liquid composition may be used.
- the content of water in the liquid composition is calculated as an amount including water brought together with various components in addition to the amount added alone as water.
- the amount of water contained in the liquid composition is not particularly limited as long as it is an amount sufficient to hydrolyze (co) condensate the hydrolyzable silicon compound contained. Specifically, the amount is preferably 1 to 20 equivalents, more preferably 4 to 18 equivalents, with respect to the SiO 2 equivalent of the hydrolyzable silicon compound contained.
- the amount of water is less than 1 equivalent in the above molar ratio, hydrolysis does not easily proceed, and depending on the substrate, the liquid composition may be repelled or haze may increase during application. The speed may increase and long-term storage may not be sufficient.
- organic solvents include ketones such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, cyclohexanone, and acetyl acetone; tetrahydrofuran, 1,4-dioxane, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether Ethers such as diisopropyl ether; esters such as ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, isobutyl acetate, methoxyethyl acetate; methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, 1-butanol, 2-butanol, 2-methyl-1 -Propanol, 2-methoxyethanol, 4-methyl-2-pentanol, 2-butoxyethanol, 1-methoxy-2-propanol, 2-ethoxyethanol, diacetone alcohol Alcohols and the like; n-hexane,
- the amount of the organic solvent to be used is appropriately adjusted depending on the types and blending ratios of various components contained in the liquid composition as a solid content.
- the organic solvent contains at least 20% by mass of alcohol, preferably 50% by mass or more.
- Alcohols used in such organic solvents include methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, 1-butanol, 2-butanol, 2-methyl-1-propanol, 1-methoxy-2-propanol, 2-ethoxy Ethanol, 4-methyl-2-pentanol, 2-butoxyethanol and the like are preferable.
- the solubility of the silicon oxide matrix raw material component is good, and the coating property to the substrate is good Therefore, alcohol having a boiling point of 80 to 160 ° C. is preferable.
- ethanol 1-propanol, 2-propanol, 1-butanol, 2-butanol, 2-methyl-1-propanol, 1-methoxy-2-propanol, 2-ethoxyethanol, 4-methyl-2- Pentanol and 2-butoxyethanol are preferred.
- an organic solvent used for a liquid composition for example, when a partially hydrolyzed (co) condensate of a hydrolyzable silane compound is included, a raw material hydrolyzable silane compound (for example, an alkoxy group) is produced during the production process.
- the lower alcohol generated by hydrolyzing the silanes having a hydrolyzate or the alcohol used as a solvent may be included as it is.
- an organic solvent other than the above an organic solvent other than the alcohol miscible with water / alcohol may be used in combination.
- Ketones such as acetylacetone; esters such as ethyl acetate and isobutyl acetate; ethers such as propylene glycol monomethyl ether, dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether and diisopropyl ether.
- the amount of the solvent contained in the liquid composition is preferably such that the total solid concentration in the liquid composition comprising the solvent and the solid content is 3.5 to 50% by mass, more preferably 9 to 30% by mass. . Workability
- the liquid composition can be prepared by uniformly mixing the components including the solvent.
- the mixing method is not particularly limited.
- a hydrolyzable silane compound such as a hydrolyzable silane compound (Rb) is prepared as a monomer when mixing the liquid composition, partial hydrolysis (co) condensation of the hydrolyzable silane compound is performed. It is preferable to mix under such conditions.
- a method may be used in which a hydrolyzable silane compound is partially hydrolyzed (co) condensed in a solvent and other components such as an ultraviolet absorber (a) are added to the resulting solution. In the presence of components other than the infrared absorber (d) Alternatively, the hydrolyzable silane compound may be partially hydrolyzed (co) condensed and then a dispersion of the infrared absorber (d) may be blended.
- a liquid containing an ultraviolet absorber (a), a hydrolyzable silane compound (Rb), a hollow particle (c), a solvent, an infrared absorber (d), a flexible component (e), a dispersant, and a chelating agent In the composition, it can be prepared by a method including the following steps (1) and (2).
- Step (1) Dispersion preparation step for obtaining a dispersion by mixing an infrared absorber (d), a dispersant, and a dispersion medium (corresponding to part or all of the organic solvent)
- Step (2) Step ( The dispersion obtained in 1), the ultraviolet absorber (a), the chelating agent, the hydrolyzable silane compound (Rb), the hollow particles (c), the flexible component (e), water, an acid catalyst,
- the mixing method is not particularly limited as long as it can be uniformly mixed. Specific examples include a mixing method using a magnetic stirrer or the like.
- the step (2) in order to stabilize the liquid composition during storage or the like, the step (2) In this case, a treatment for partial hydrolysis (co) condensation of these may be performed.
- This partial hydrolysis (co) condensation is preferably performed in the presence of the same acid catalyst as described above under the same reaction conditions as described above.
- the object can be achieved by mixing at least one hydrolyzable silicon compound as required, followed by stirring in the presence of an acid catalyst at 10 to 70 ° C. for a predetermined time.
- the liquid composition obtained by the said (A) process is apply
- the coating film formed here is a coating film containing volatile components, such as the said organic solvent and water normally.
- the application method of the liquid composition on the glass substrate is not particularly limited as long as it is a method of applying uniformly, and a flow coating method, a dip coating method, a spin coating method, a spray coating method, a flexographic printing method, a screen printing method.
- a known method such as a gravure printing method, a roll coating method, a meniscus coating method, or a die coating method can be used.
- the thickness of the coating film of the coating solution is determined in consideration of the thickness of the finally obtained film.
- step (C) to be performed is carried out by appropriately selecting conditions according to the type of hydrolyzable silane compound such as the hydrolyzable silane compound (Rb) to be used. That is, in the step (C), when a volatile component such as an organic solvent and water is removed from the coating film of the liquid composition on the glass substrate as necessary, a hydrolyzable silicon compound and other curing components are contained. In this case, the cured component is heated and cured to form a film as an ultraviolet absorbing layer.
- a volatile component such as an organic solvent and water
- the removal of volatile components from the coating film in the step (C) is preferably performed by heating and / or drying under reduced pressure.
- temporary drying After forming the coating film on the glass substrate, it is preferable to perform temporary drying at a temperature of about room temperature to 120 ° C. from the viewpoint of improving the leveling property of the coating film.
- volatile components are vaporized and removed in parallel with this operation, so it can be said that the operation of removing volatile components is included in the temporary drying.
- the time for temporary drying that is, the operation time for removing volatile components, is preferably about 3 seconds to 2 hours, although it depends on the liquid composition used for forming the ultraviolet absorbing layer.
- the volatile component is sufficiently removed, but it may not be completely removed. That is, a part of the volatile component can remain in the ultraviolet absorbing layer as long as the performance of the finally obtained ultraviolet absorbing layer is not affected.
- heating for removing the volatile component that is, generally temporary drying, and then hydrolyzable silicon compound and When other curing components are included, heating for curing the curing components may be continuously performed.
- a curing component such as the hydrolyzable silicon compound is cured by heating to obtain an ultraviolet absorbing layer.
- the upper limit of the heating temperature in this case is preferably 230 ° C. from the viewpoint of economic efficiency and in many cases the coating film contains an organic substance.
- the lower limit of the heating temperature is preferably 80 ° C, and more preferably 150 ° C. Accordingly, the heating temperature is preferably in the range of 80 to 230 ° C, more preferably in the range of 150 to 230 ° C.
- the heating time depends on the composition of the liquid composition used for forming the ultraviolet absorbing layer, it is preferably several minutes to several hours.
- the glass article of the present invention has a glass substrate and the ultraviolet absorbing layer formed on at least a part of the main surface of the glass substrate.
- the region where the ultraviolet absorbing layer is formed on the surface of the glass substrate is not particularly limited, and may be formed in a region required depending on the application.
- the region where the ultraviolet absorbing layer is formed may be, for example, on one main surface of the glass substrate or on both main surfaces.
- the film thickness of the ultraviolet absorbing layer is preferably 1.0 to 7.0 ⁇ m, more preferably 1.5 to 5.5 ⁇ m. If the film thickness of the ultraviolet absorbing layer is less than 1.0 ⁇ m, the functions of ultraviolet absorption and infrared absorption may not be sufficiently exhibited. Further, cracks may occur when the film thickness of the ultraviolet absorbing layer exceeds 7.0 ⁇ m.
- the total film thickness of the ultraviolet absorption layer can be increased, thereby further enhancing the functions of ultraviolet absorption and infrared absorption.
- the total film thickness of the ultraviolet absorbing layer can be set to 2.0 to 14.0 ⁇ m.
- the ultraviolet absorbing layer according to the present invention has a high visible light transmittance even when the film thickness is large. Therefore, even when the ultraviolet absorbing layer is formed on both main surfaces of the glass substrate as described above, the visible light transmittance in the glass article can be sufficiently ensured.
- the ultraviolet transmittance measured using a spectrophotometer is the ultraviolet transmittance measured according to ISO-9050 (1990). Is preferably 3.0% or less, more preferably 1.0% or less, and particularly preferably 0.5% or less.
- the visible light transmittance of the glass article of the present invention is preferably 70% or more, particularly 71.5% or more, as the visible light transmittance measured according to JIS R3212 (1998). preferable.
- the visible light reflectance in the glass article of the present invention is preferably 8% or less, preferably 7% or less, as the visible light reflectance measured according to JIS R3106 (1998) from the ultraviolet absorbing layer side. Particularly preferred.
- the haze value is preferably 1% or less, and more preferably 0.5% or less.
- the visible light transmittance measured according to JIS R3212 (1998) of the glass article of the present invention is “Tv (A)”, and the visible light measured in the same manner for a glass substrate that does not have the ultraviolet absorbing layer in the glass article.
- Tv (G) the amount of change (Tv difference) in the visible light transmittance indicated by “Tv (A) ⁇ Tv (G)” is ⁇ 0.4% or more. Is preferable, more preferably ⁇ 0.2% or more, and particularly preferably 0.0% or more.
- achieved the high ultraviolet absorption property and the high visible light transmittance
- the wear resistance is excellent.
- the solar transmittance in the glass article of the present invention is measured according to JIS R3106 (1998). Is preferably 48.0% or less, more preferably 46.0% or less, and particularly preferably 44.0% or less. In that case, YI which is a yellowish index calculated according to JIS K7105 (1981) in the glass article of the present invention is preferably 15 or less, and more preferably 11 or less.
- the glass article of the present invention has excellent ultraviolet light absorbability and high visible light transmittance. Therefore, the present invention can be applied to outdoor glass articles, for example, window glass for vehicles such as automobiles and window glass for building materials attached to buildings such as houses and buildings.
- Examples 1 to 4 described below are examples, and examples 5 to 7 are comparative examples.
- a strongly acidic cation exchange resin manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Co., Ltd., Diaion, total exchange amount: 2.0 mseq / mL or more
- the strongly acidic cation resin was removed by filtration, and the dispersion was ultrafiltered to obtain a hollow SiO 2 fine particle dispersion having a solid content concentration of 15% by mass in terms of SiO 2 .
- the outer shell thickness (average) of the hollow SiO 2 particles was 6 nm, the inner diameter (average) was 30 nm, and the primary particle diameter (average) was 42 nm.
- ⁇ Preparation example of silylated UV absorber solution > 2,2 ′, 4,4′-tetrahydroxybenzophenone (BASF) 49.2 g, 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (Shin-Etsu Chemical Co.) 123.2 g, benzyltriethylammonium chloride (Pure Chemical Co., Ltd.) ) 0.8g, butyl acetate (manufactured by Junsei Chemical Co., Ltd.) 100g, heated to 60 ° C while stirring, dissolved, heated to 120 ° C and reacted for 4 hours, silylation with a solid content concentration of 63% by mass An ultraviolet absorber (Ra1) solution was obtained.
- BASF 4,4′-tetrahydroxybenzophenone
- Example 1 12.3 g of silylated ultraviolet absorber (Ra1) solution, 14.7 g of tetraethoxysilane, 4.6 g of hollow silica particle dispersion, 37.9 g of Solmix AP-1, 19.0 g of pure water, SR -1.2 g of SEP, 10.2 g of acetic acid and 0.06 g of BYK-307 were charged and stirred at 50 ° C. for 2 hours to obtain a liquid composition 1 having a solid concentration of 14% by mass.
- Ra1 solution 14.7 g of tetraethoxysilane, 4.6 g of hollow silica particle dispersion, 37.9 g of Solmix AP-1, 19.0 g of pure water, SR -1.2 g of SEP, 10.2 g of acetic acid and 0.06 g of BYK-307 were charged and stirred at 50 ° C. for 2 hours to obtain a liquid composition 1 having a solid concentration of 14% by mass.
- the liquid composition 1 was applied by spin coating on high-heat-absorption green glass (manufactured by Asahi Glass Co., Ltd., size: 10 ⁇ 10 mm, thickness: 3.5 mm) whose surface had been cleaned. It was made to dry for minutes and the glass article 1 with an ultraviolet absorption layer was obtained. The characteristic of the obtained glass article 1 with an ultraviolet absorption layer was evaluated as follows. The evaluation results are shown in Table 1 together with the composition of the liquid composition 1 and the ultraviolet absorbing layer.
- the mass% of the component (a) in the solid content composition (mass%) of the liquid composition shown in Table 1 is the mass of the portion excluding the trimethoxysilyl group of the silylated ultraviolet absorber (Ra1) with respect to the total solid content. %.
- the trimethoxysilyl group part of silylated ultraviolet absorber (Ra1) calculated the mass% as (b) component combining with tetraethoxysilane.
- Tv [%] the visible light transmittance
- Tv [%] the ultraviolet transmittance of the high heat ray absorbing green glass plate having the same surface as that used for the production of the glass article 1 with the ultraviolet absorbing layer was washed.
- Tuv [%] A value obtained by subtracting the Tv (%) of the high heat ray absorbing green glass plate from the Tv [%] of the glass article 1 with an ultraviolet absorbing layer was defined as a Tv difference [%].
- the film thickness [ ⁇ m] of the ultraviolet absorbing layer was measured using a stylus type surface shape measuring instrument (ULVAC: Dektak 150).
- UUV stylus type surface shape measuring instrument
- the volume ratio (percentage (%)) was calculated as “porosity”.
- Example 2 11.6 g of a silylated ultraviolet absorber (Ra1) solution, 13.8 g of tetraethoxysilane, 9.2 g of a dispersion of hollow silica particles, 36.8 g of Solmix AP-1, 17.9 g of pure water, SR -1.1 g of SEP, 9.5 g of acetic acid, and 0.06 g of BYK-307 were charged and stirred at 50 ° C for 2 hours to obtain a liquid composition 2 having a solid content concentration of 14% by mass. Thereafter, a glass article 2 with an ultraviolet absorbing layer was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the liquid composition 2 was used instead of the liquid composition 1. The characteristics of the obtained glass article 2 with an ultraviolet absorbing layer were evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. The evaluation results are shown in Table 1 together with the composition of the liquid composition 2 and the ultraviolet absorbing layer.
- Example 3 6.4 g of silylated UV absorber (Ra1) solution, 7.7 g of tetraethoxysilane, 46.0 g of dispersion of hollow silica particles, 24.0 g of Solmix AP-1, 9.9 g of pure water, SR -0.6 g of SEP, 5.3 g of acetic acid, and 0.06 g of BYK-307 were charged and stirred at 50 ° C for 2 hours to obtain a liquid composition 3 having a solid content concentration of 14% by mass. Thereafter, a glass article 3 with an ultraviolet absorbing layer was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the liquid composition 3 was used instead of the liquid composition 1. The characteristics of the obtained glass article 3 with an ultraviolet absorbing layer were evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. The evaluation results are shown in Table 1 together with the composition of the liquid composition 3 and the ultraviolet absorbing layer.
- Example 4 A liquid composition 3 was prepared in the same manner as in Example 3. An ultraviolet absorbing layer was formed on one main surface of the glass substrate and cooled to room temperature in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the liquid composition 3 was used instead of the liquid composition 1. Next, an ultraviolet absorbing layer is formed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the liquid composition 3 is used instead of the liquid composition 1 on the other main surface, and the glass provided with the ultraviolet absorbing layers on both surfaces of the glass substrate. Article 4 was obtained. The characteristics of the obtained glass article 4 with an ultraviolet absorbing layer were evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. The evaluation results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 5 5.1 g of silylated ultraviolet absorber (Ra1) solution, 6.1 g of tetraethoxysilane, 55.2 g of the dispersion of hollow silica particles, 20.8 g of Solmix AP-1, 8.0 g of pure water, SR -0.5 g of SEP, 4.2 g of acetic acid and 0.06 g of BYK-307 were charged and stirred at 50 ° C. for 2 hours to obtain a liquid composition 5 having a solid content of 14% by mass.
- a glass article 5 with an ultraviolet absorbing layer was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the liquid composition 5 was used instead of the liquid composition 1.
- the characteristics of the obtained glass article 5 with an ultraviolet absorbing layer were evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. The evaluation results are shown in Table 1 together with the composition of the liquid composition 5 and the ultraviolet absorbing layer.
- Example 6 12.8 g of silylated UV absorber (Ra1) solution, 15.3 g of tetraethoxysilane, 40.0 g of Solmix AP-1, 19.9 g of pure water, 1.3 g of SR-SEP, 10 of acetic acid .6 g and 0.06 g of BYK-307 were charged and stirred at 50 ° C. for 2 hours to obtain Liquid Composition 6 having a solid content concentration of 14% by mass.
- a glass article 6 with an ultraviolet absorbing layer was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the liquid composition 6 was used instead of the liquid composition 1.
- the characteristics of the obtained glass article 6 with an ultraviolet absorbing layer were evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. The evaluation results are shown in Table 1 together with the composition of the liquid composition 6 and the ultraviolet absorbing layer.
- Example 7 12.8 g of silylated UV absorber (Ra1) solution, 15.3 g of tetraethoxysilane, 40.0 g of Solmix AP-1, 19.9 g of pure water, 1.3 g of SR-SEP, 10 of acetic acid .6 g and 0.06 g of BYK-307 were added and stirred at 50 ° C. for 2 hours to obtain a liquid composition 7-1 having a solid concentration of 14% by mass.
- silylated UV absorber (Ra1) solution 15.3 g of tetraethoxysilane, 40.0 g of Solmix AP-1, 19.9 g of pure water, 1.3 g of SR-SEP, 10 of acetic acid .6 g and 0.06 g of BYK-307 were added and stirred at 50 ° C. for 2 hours to obtain a liquid composition 7-1 having a solid concentration of 14% by mass.
- the liquid composition 7 was prepared by spin coating. -1 was dried at 100 ° C. in the atmosphere for 30 minutes, cooled to room temperature, and then the liquid composition 7-2 was further applied by spin coating, and was dried in the atmosphere at 200 ° C. for 30 minutes. A glass article 7 with an ultraviolet absorbing layer having an overcoat layer thereon was obtained.
- the properties of the obtained glass article 7 with an ultraviolet absorbing layer were evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1.
- the evaluation results are shown in Table 1 together with the liquid composition 7-1 and the composition of the ultraviolet absorbing layer.
- the film thickness in the glass article 7 with an ultraviolet absorption layer is each film thickness of an ultraviolet absorption layer and an overcoat layer.
- the refractive index and the porosity of the ultraviolet absorbing layer in Table 1 the refractive index and the porosity measured or calculated for the ultraviolet absorbing layer and the overcoat layer are described, respectively.
- the value before the “/” is the physical property value of the ultraviolet absorption layer
- the value after the “/” is the physical property value of the overcoat layer. It is.
- the glass article of the present invention has excellent ultraviolet light absorption and high visible light transmittance. Therefore, the present invention can be applied to outdoor glass articles, for example, window glass for vehicles such as automobiles and window glass for building materials attached to buildings such as houses and buildings.
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Abstract
Description
[1]ガラス基板と、前記ガラス基板の主面上の少なくとも一部に、ベンゾフェノン系化合物、トリアジン系化合物、およびベンゾトリアゾール系化合物から選択される1種以上を含む紫外線吸収剤(a)と、酸化ケイ素系マトリクス成分(b)と、外殻および前記外殻で囲まれた中空部を有する中空粒子(c)とを含有する紫外線吸収層を有するガラス物品であり、
前記中空粒子(c)の含有量は前記紫外線吸収層の全質量に対して55質量%以下であり、前記中空粒子(c)が有する前記中空部の合計体積は前記紫外線吸収層の全体積に対して1%以上であるガラス物品。
[2]前記中空粒子(c)の一次粒子径は5~150nmであり、(一次粒子径-中空部の径)/2で示される前記中空粒子(c)の外殻の厚さは1~20nmである[1]記載のガラス物品。
[3]前記中空粒子(c)の外殻の材質がシリカ、ポリマーおよび金属酸化物から選ばれる少なくとも1種である[1]または[2]記載のガラス物品。
[4]錫ドープ酸化インジウム、アンチモンドープ酸化錫、および複合タングステン酸化物から選択される1種以上を含む赤外線吸収剤(d)をさらに含有する[1]~[3]のいずれかに記載のガラス物品。
[5]前記ガラス基板の両方の主面上に前記紫外線吸収層を有する[1]~[4]のいずれかに記載のガラス物品。
[6]前記酸化ケイ素系マトリクス成分(b)が4官能性アルコキシシラン化合物を含む加水分解性ケイ素化合物(Rb)の硬化物である、[1]~[5]のいずれかに記載のガラス物品。
[7]前記紫外線吸収層がさらにポリエポキシド類を含む、[1]~[6]のいずれかに記載のガラス物品。
[8]JIS R3212(1998年)にしたがい測定される可視光透過率が70%以上であり、ISO-9050(1990年)にしたがい測定される紫外線透過率が3%以下である[1]~[7]のいずれかに記載のガラス物品。
[9]前記前記紫外線吸収層の厚みが1.0~7.0μmである、[1]~[8]のいずれかに記載のガラス物品。
本発明のガラス物品は、ガラス基板と、前記ガラス基板の主面上の少なくとも一部に、以下の(a)~(c)成分を含有する紫外線吸収層を有する。なお、本明細書において、下記各成分を符号のみで、例えば、紫外線吸収剤(a)を(a)成分と示すこともある。
紫外線吸収剤(a);ベンゾフェノン系化合物、トリアジン系化合物、およびベンゾトリアゾール系化合物から選択される1種以上を含む紫外線吸収剤。
酸化ケイ素系マトリクス成分(b)
中空粒子(c);外殻および前記外殻で囲まれた中空部を有する粒子であって、その含有量は前記紫外線吸収層の全質量に対して55質量%以下であり、前記中空粒子(c)が有する中空部の合計体積は前記紫外線吸収層の全体積に対して1%以上である。
ガラス基板の形状は平板でもよく、全面または一部が曲率を有していてもよい。ガラス基板の厚さはガラス物品の用途により適宜選択できるが、一般的には1~10mmであることが好ましい。また、ガラス基板は、複数枚のガラス板が中間膜を挟んで接着された合わせガラスであってもよい。
紫外線吸収層は紫外線吸収剤(a)を含有することで紫外線吸収能を有するとともに、中空粒子(c)を上記範囲で含有することで、中空粒子(c)の中空部が微小な独立した空隙となって該層中に適度に分散した状態が形成され、それにより高い可視光透過性を有する。
以下、(a)~(c)の各成分について詳細に説明する。
上記紫外線吸収層が含有する紫外線吸収剤(a)は、ベンゾフェノン系化合物、トリアジン系化合物、およびベンゾトリアゾール系化合物から選択される1種以上を含む。
紫外線吸収層が含有する紫外線吸収剤(a)は、基本的には紫外線吸収層を形成するための液状組成物に配合された化合物そのものである。すなわち、液状組成物に配合された紫外線吸収剤(a)は、紫外線吸収層を形成する過程で反応等に関与しない。紫外線吸収剤(a)は、溶剤への溶解度が高いことおよび吸収波長帯が望ましい範囲にあることから上に例示した化合物のなかでも水酸基含有ベンゾフェノン系化合物が好ましく用いられる。さらに、必要に応じて本発明の効果を損なわない範囲で、これら以外の紫外線吸収性材料を上記ベンゾフェノン系化合物、トリアジン系化合物、およびベンゾトリアゾール系化合物から選択される1種以上と組合せて紫外線吸収剤(a)として使用してもよい。
上記シリル化ベンゾフェノン系化合物の原料である水酸基を有するベンゾフェノン系化合物としては、下記一般式(a1)で示される、水酸基を2~4個有するベンゾフェノン系化合物が、シリル化した後も優れた紫外線吸収能を有する点から好ましく用いられる。特に380nmまでの長波長の紫外線吸収能の点からいえば、水酸基含有ベンゾフェノン系化合物が有する水酸基数は、より好ましくは3個または4個である。なお、本明細書において、式(a1)で示される化合物を、化合物(a1)ということもある。他の式で示される化合物も同様である。
紫外線吸収層が含有する酸化ケイ素系マトリクス成分(b)は、加水分解性シラン化合物(Rb)の硬化物からなる。紫外線吸収層が含有する酸化ケイ素系マトリクス成分(b)の量は、液状組成物中の加水分解性シラン化合物(Rb)の含有量から算出できる。液状組成物における加水分解性シラン化合物(Rb)の含有量は、該組成物における全固形分量に対する加水分解性シラン化合物(Rb)に含まれるケイ素原子をSiO2に換算したときのSiO2含有量である。本明細書において、紫外線吸収層における酸化ケイ素系マトリクス成分(b)の含有量は、特に断りのない限り、上記液状組成物における加水分解性シラン化合物(Rb)のSiO2換算の含有量である。
RH1 n1SiX1 4-n1 …(Rb1)
(式(Rb1)中、n1は0~3の整数であり、RH1はフッ素原子を有しない、置換または非置換の炭素数1~20の炭化水素基であり、X1は加水分解性基を示す。RH1およびX1が複数個存在する場合、これらは互いに異なっていても同一であってもよい。)
紫外線吸収層は、外殻と外殻で囲まれた中空部を有する中空粒子(c)を紫外線吸収層の全質量に対して55質量%以下であり、中空粒子(c)が有する中空部の合計体積が紫外線吸収層の全体積に対して1%以上となる範囲で含有する。
中空粒子(c)は、1種を単独で使用してもよく、外殻の構成材料やサイズが異なる2種以上を組み合せて用いてもよい。
(I)可溶性および/または分解性の材料からなるコア微粒子と、中空粒子外殻材料の前駆体とを含む中空粒子形成用液状組成物を作製する工程
(II)前記中空粒子形成用液状組成物に必要に応じて加熱等の操作を行い前記コア微粒子の表面に外殻を形成させコア-シェル型微粒子を得る工程
(III)前記コア-シェル型微粒子からコア微粒子を溶解または分解により除去する工程
本発明のガラス物品における紫外線吸収層は、任意に、紫外線吸収剤(a)以外の機能性成分、例えば、赤外線吸収剤(d)や、紫外線吸収層の形成時の成膜性を向上させる成分、例えば、可撓性成分(e)を含んでもよい。さらに、紫外線吸収層は、その他成分として液状組成物の塗工性を向上する目的で、表面調整剤、消泡剤や粘性調整剤等の添加剤を含んでいてもよく、基体表面への密着性向上の目的で密着性付与剤等の添加剤を含んでいてもよい。これらの添加剤の配合量は、酸化ケイ素系マトリクス成分(b)と可撓性成分(e)の合計量100質量部に対して、各添加剤成分毎に0.01~2質量部となる量が好ましい。また、紫外線吸収層は、本発明の目的を損なわない範囲で、染料、顔料、フィラー等を含んでいてもよい。
赤外線吸収剤(d)は、赤外線波長領域の光を吸収する機能を有する化合物であれば特に制限されない。赤外線吸収剤(d)として具体的には、複合タングステン酸化物、アンチモンドープ酸化錫(ATO)、および錫ドープ酸化インジウム(ITO)から選択される1種以上が挙げられる。なお、これら赤外線吸収剤(d)は、微粒子の形状で用いられる。
可撓性成分(e)は、紫外線吸収層におけるクラック発生の抑制に寄与できる。特に、加水分解性シラン化合物(Rb)が4官能性加水分解性シラン化合物のみで構成される場合、紫外線吸収層は可撓性が十分でないことがある。液状組成物が4官能性加水分解性シラン化合物とともに可撓性成分(e)を含有すれば、機械的強度と耐クラック性の双方に優れた紫外線吸収層を容易に作製することができる。
可撓性成分(e)として有機樹脂を用いる場合、その形態としては、液状、微粒子等が好ましい。有機樹脂は、また、これを含む液状組成物を用いて紫外線吸収層を形成する際の加熱による加水分解性シラン化合物(Rb)の硬化とともに、硬化するような硬化性樹脂であってもよい。この場合、得られる被膜の特性を阻害しない範囲で、加水分解性シラン化合物(Rb)の一部と可撓性成分(e)である硬化性樹脂が部分的に反応して架橋してもよい。
本発明のガラス物品を得るために、ガラス基板の表面に上記必須成分および必要に応じて任意成分を含む紫外線吸収層を形成するには、例えば、以下の(A)工程~(C)工程を含む方法が挙げられる。
(B)ガラス基板の被膜形成面に液状組成物を塗布し塗膜を形成する塗膜形成工程。
(C)得られる塗膜から必要に応じて溶剤等の揮発成分を除去し、加水分解性シラン化合物(Rb)を主体とする加水分解性シラン化合物が硬化する温度に加熱して塗膜を硬化させる硬化工程。
液状組成物は、固形分として、必須成分である紫外線吸収剤(a)または反応性の紫外線吸収剤(Ra)(以下の説明において、反応性の紫外線吸収剤(Ra)を含めて紫外線吸収剤(a)という。)、酸化ケイ素系マトリクス成分(b)の原料成分、例えば、加水分解性シラン化合物(Rb)および中空粒子(c)を、さらに任意成分である赤外線吸収剤(d)、可撓性成分(e)、分散剤、キレート剤等を、上記範囲内で適宜調整された含有量で含有する。
液状組成物は溶剤として、通常、加水分解性シラン化合物(Rb)等を加水分解するための水と有機溶剤を含有する。有機溶剤は、水と相溶し、紫外線吸収剤(a)、加水分解性シラン化合物(Rb)、可撓性成分(e)等の成分を溶解する溶媒と、中空粒子(c)や赤外線吸収剤(d)等の固体微粒子を分散させる分散媒とを意味し、比較的低沸点の常温で液状の有機化合物をいう。有機溶剤はアルコール等の有機化合物からなり、2種以上の混合物であってもよい。
工程(2):工程(1)で得られた分散液と、紫外線吸収剤(a)と、キレート剤と、加水分解性シラン化合物(Rb)、中空粒子(c)、可撓性成分(e)、水、酸触媒と、工程(1)で分散媒として有機溶剤の一部を使用した場合には有機溶剤の残部とを混合する混合工程
上記(A)工程で得られた液状組成物を、(B)工程において、ガラス基板の被膜形成面に塗布して、液状組成物の塗膜を形成する。なお、ここで形成される塗膜は通常、上記有機溶剤、水等の揮発成分を含む塗膜である。ガラス基板上への液状組成物の塗布方法は、均一に塗布される方法であれば特に限定されず、フローコート法、ディップコート法、スピンコート法、スプレーコート法、フレキソ印刷法、スクリーン印刷法、グラビア印刷法、ロールコート法、メニスカスコート法、ダイコート法等、公知の方法を用いることができる。塗布液の塗膜の厚さは、最終的に得られる被膜の厚さを考慮して決められる。
次いで行われる(C)工程は、用いる加水分解性シラン化合物(Rb)等の加水分解性シラン化合物の種類に応じて適宜条件が選択され、実行される。すなわち、(C)工程においては、ガラス基板上の液状組成物の塗膜から必要に応じて有機溶剤、水等の揮発成分を除去するとともに加水分解性ケイ素化合物およびその他の硬化成分が含まれる場合には該硬化成分を加熱、硬化させて紫外線吸収層としての被膜を形成する。
本発明のガラス物品は、ガラス基板と、該ガラス基板の主面の少なくとも一部に形成された上記紫外線吸収層を有する。ガラス基板表面の紫外線吸収層が形成される領域は特に限定されず、用途に応じて必要とされる領域に形成すればよい。紫外線吸収層が形成される領域は、例えば、ガラス基板の一方の主面上にあってもよく、両方の主面上にあってもよい。
(溶剤)
・ソルミックスAP-1:日本アルコール販売社製、エタノール:イソプロピルアルコール:メタノール=85.5:13.4:1.1(質量比)の混合溶媒
・SR-SEP:阪本薬品工業社製、ソルビトール系ポリグリシジルエーテル
(表面調整剤)
・BYK-307:ビックケミー社製、ポリエーテル変性ポリジメチルシロキサン
イソプロパノールの59gを撹拌しながら、ZnO微粒子水分散液(固形分濃度:20質量%、平均一次粒子径:30nm)の30g、テトラエトキシシラン(SiO2換算固形分量:29質量%)の10gを加えた後、28質量%のアンモニア水溶液の1gを加え、分散液のpHを10に調整し、20℃で6時間撹拌して、コア-シェル型微粒子分散液(固形分濃度:6質量%)の100gを得た。
2,2’,4,4’-テトラヒドロキシベンゾフェノン(BASF社製)49.2g、3-グリシドキシプロピルトリメトキシシラン(信越化学社製)123.2g、塩化ベンジルトリエチルアンモニウム(純正化学社製)0.8g、酢酸ブチル(純正化学社製)100gを仕込み撹拌しながら60℃に昇温し、溶解させ、120℃まで加熱し4時間反応させることにより、固形分濃度63質量%のシリル化紫外線吸収剤(Ra1)溶液を得た。
シリル化紫外線吸収剤(Ra1)溶液の12.3g、テトラエトキシシランの14.7g、中空シリカ粒子分散液の4.6g、ソルミックスAP-1の37.9g、純水の19.0g、SR-SEPの1.2g、酢酸の10.2g、BYK-307の0.06gを仕込み50℃で2時間撹拌し、固形分濃度14質量%の液状組成物1を得た。
(分光特性)
紫外線吸収層付きガラス物品1について、紫外線吸収層側から試験光を照射した際の分光特性を、分光光度計(日立製作所製:U-4100)を用いて測定し、JIS-R3212(1998年)にしたがって可視光線透過率(Tv[%])、JIS-R3106(1998年)にしたがって可視光線反射率(Rv[%])、およびISO-9050(1990年)にしたがって紫外線透過率(Tuv[%])を算出した。
紫外線吸収層付きガラス物品1のTv[%]から高熱線吸収グリーンガラス板のTv(%)を引いた値を、Tv差[%]とした。
触針式表面形状測定器(ULVAC:Dektak150)を用いて紫外線吸収層の膜厚[μm]を測定した。
(紫外線吸収層の空隙率)
紫外線吸収層の膜厚と、液状組成物中の中空粒子(c)の含有量および中空粒子(c)の形状から、紫外線吸収層の全体積に対する、中空粒子(c)が有する中空部の合計体積の割合(百分率(%))を「空隙率」として算出した。
ヘイズメーター(ビックガードナー社製:ヘイズガードプラス)を用いて測定した。
(屈折率)
オフライン膜厚測定装置(スペクトラコープ社製:Solid Lamda Thickness)を用いて任意の屈折率を入力し測定した膜厚が、触針式表面形状測定器を用いて測定した膜厚と一致するときの屈折率の入力値を膜の屈折率とした。
テーバー式耐摩耗試験機を用い、JIS-R3212(1998年)に記載の方法によって、CS-10F摩耗ホイールで、荷重4.9N、1000回転の摩耗試験を行い、試験前後の傷の程度を曇価(ヘイズ値)によって測定し、曇価の増加量[%]で評価した。曇価の測定はヘイズメーター(ビックガードナー社製:ヘイズガードプラス)を用いて測定した。
シリル化紫外線吸収剤(Ra1)溶液の11.6g、テトラエトキシシランの13.8g、中空シリカ粒子分散液の9.2g、ソルミックスAP-1の36.8g、純水の17.9g、SR-SEPの1.1g、酢酸の9.5g、BYK-307の0.06gを仕込み50℃で2時間撹拌し、固形分濃度14質量%の液状組成物2を得た。その後、液状組成物1の変わりに液状組成物2を用いた以外は例1と同様にして紫外線吸収層付きガラス物品2を得た。得られた紫外線吸収層付きガラス物品2の特性を例1と同様に評価した。評価結果を液状組成物2、紫外線吸収層の組成とともに表1に示す。
シリル化紫外線吸収剤(Ra1)溶液の6.4g、テトラエトキシシランの7.7g、中空シリカ粒子分散液の46.0g、ソルミックスAP-1の24.0g、純水の9.9g、SR-SEPの0.6g、酢酸の5.3g、BYK-307の0.06gを仕込み50℃で2時間撹拌し、固形分濃度14質量%の液状組成物3を得た。その後、液状組成物1の変わりに液状組成物3を用いた以外は例1と同様にして紫外線吸収層付きガラス物品3を得た。得られた紫外線吸収層付きガラス物品3の特性を例1と同様に評価した。評価結果を液状組成物3、紫外線吸収層の組成とともに表1に示す。
例3と同様にして液状組成物3を調製した。液状組成物1の変わりに液状組成物3を用いた以外は、例1と同様にしてガラス基板の一方の主面に紫外線吸収層を形成させ室温まで冷却した。次いで、もう一方の主面に、液状組成物1の変わりに液状組成物3を用いた以外は、例1と同様にして紫外線吸収層を形成し、ガラス基板の両面に紫外線吸収層を備えるガラス物品4を得た。得られた紫外線吸収層付きガラス物品4の特性を例1と同様に評価した。評価結果を表1に示す。
シリル化紫外線吸収剤(Ra1)溶液の5.1g、テトラエトキシシランの6.1g、中空シリカ粒子分散液の55.2g、ソルミックスAP-1の20.8g、純水の8.0g、SR-SEP0.5g、酢酸の4.2g、BYK-307の0.06gを仕込み50℃で2時間撹拌し固形分濃度14質量%の液状組成物5を得た。液状組成物1の変わりに液状組成物5を用いた以外は、例1と同様にして紫外線吸収層付きガラス物品5を得た。得られた紫外線吸収層付きガラス物品5の特性を例1と同様に評価した。評価結果を液状組成物5、紫外線吸収層の組成とともに表1に示す。
シリル化紫外線吸収剤(Ra1)溶液の12.8g、テトラエトキシシランの15.3g、ソルミックスAP-1の40.0g、純水の19.9g、SR-SEPの1.3g、酢酸の10.6g、BYK-307の0.06gを仕込み50℃で2時間撹拌し、固形分濃度14質量%の液状組成物6を得た。液状組成物1の変わりに液状組成物6を用いた以外は、例1と同様にして紫外線吸収層付きガラス物品6を得た。得られた紫外線吸収層付きガラス物品6の特性を例1と同様に評価した。評価結果を液状組成物6、紫外線吸収層の組成とともに表1に示す。
シリル化紫外線吸収剤(Ra1)溶液の12.8g、テトラエトキシシランの15.3g、ソルミックスAP-1の40.0g、純水の19.9g、SR-SEPの1.3g、酢酸の10.6g、BYK-307の0.06gを仕込み50℃で2時間撹拌し、固形分濃度14質量%の液状組成物7-1を得た。
また、ソルミックスAP-1の84.7g、テトラエトキシシランの1.87g、中空シリカ粒子分散液の10.5g、10質量%硝酸の1.23g、純水の1.7gを仕込み、50℃で2時間撹拌しオーバーコート用液状組成物7-2を得た。
Claims (9)
- ガラス基板と、前記ガラス基板の主面上の少なくとも一部に、ベンゾフェノン系化合物、トリアジン系化合物、およびベンゾトリアゾール系化合物から選択される1種以上を含む紫外線吸収剤(a)と、酸化ケイ素系マトリクス成分(b)と、外殻および前記外殻で囲まれた中空部を有する中空粒子(c)とを含有する紫外線吸収層を有するガラス物品であり、
前記中空粒子(c)の含有量は前記紫外線吸収層の全質量に対して55質量%以下であり、前記中空粒子(c)が有する前記中空部の合計体積は前記紫外線吸収層の全体積に対して1%以上であるガラス物品。 - 前記中空粒子(c)の一次粒子径は5~150nmであり、(一次粒子径-中空部の径)/2で示される前記中空粒子(c)の外殻の厚さは1~20nmである請求項1記載のガラス物品。
- 前記中空粒子(c)の外殻の材質がシリカ、ポリマーおよび金属酸化物から選ばれる少なくとも1種である請求項1または2記載のガラス物品。
- 錫ドープ酸化インジウム、アンチモンドープ酸化錫、および複合タングステン酸化物から選択される1種以上を含む赤外線吸収剤(d)をさらに含有する請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載のガラス物品。
- 前記ガラス基板の両方の主面上に前記紫外線吸収層を有する請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載のガラス物品。
- 前記酸化ケイ素系マトリクス成分(b)が4官能性アルコキシシラン化合物を含む加水分解性ケイ素化合物(Rb)の硬化物である、請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載のガラス物品。
- 前記紫外線吸収層がさらにポリエポキシド類を含む、請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載のガラス物品。
- JIS R3212(1998年)にしたがい測定される可視光透過率が70%以上であり、ISO-9050(1990年)にしたがい測定される紫外線透過率が3%以下である請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載のガラス物品。
- 前記前記紫外線吸収層の厚みが1.0~7.0μmである、請求項1~8のいずれか1項に記載のガラス物品。
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WO2022210247A1 (ja) * | 2021-03-29 | 2022-10-06 | Agc株式会社 | ガラス積層体とその製造方法 |
JP7484786B2 (ja) | 2021-03-29 | 2024-05-16 | Agc株式会社 | ガラス積層体とその製造方法 |
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CN107573726B (zh) * | 2017-08-21 | 2019-05-28 | 福耀玻璃工业集团股份有限公司 | 一种隔热隔紫外玻璃及其制造方法 |
CN114890667A (zh) * | 2022-06-13 | 2022-08-12 | 晓恩医药包装材料(安庆)有限公司 | 一种具有避光功能的中性硼硅玻璃药用管及其制备方法 |
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JP7484786B2 (ja) | 2021-03-29 | 2024-05-16 | Agc株式会社 | ガラス積層体とその製造方法 |
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