WO2015166878A1 - ポリオレフィン微多孔膜 - Google Patents
ポリオレフィン微多孔膜 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015166878A1 WO2015166878A1 PCT/JP2015/062416 JP2015062416W WO2015166878A1 WO 2015166878 A1 WO2015166878 A1 WO 2015166878A1 JP 2015062416 W JP2015062416 W JP 2015062416W WO 2015166878 A1 WO2015166878 A1 WO 2015166878A1
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- polyolefin
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/20—Manufacture of shaped structures of ion-exchange resins
- C08J5/22—Films, membranes or diaphragms
- C08J5/2206—Films, membranes or diaphragms based on organic and/or inorganic macromolecular compounds
- C08J5/2218—Synthetic macromolecular compounds
- C08J5/2231—Synthetic macromolecular compounds based on macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/26—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof by elimination of a solid phase from a macromolecular composition or article, e.g. leaching out
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08L23/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of ethene
- C08L23/06—Polyethene
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08L23/10—Homopolymers or copolymers of propene
- C08L23/12—Polypropene
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a polyolefin microporous membrane excellent in appearance and shape retention at high temperatures.
- Polyolefin microporous membranes including polyethylene (hereinafter also referred to as “PE”) and polypropylene (hereinafter also referred to as “PP”) having various compositions are known.
- PE polyethylene
- PP polypropylene
- Patent Document 1 discloses a polyolefin microporous membrane containing PP and PE having a weight average molecular weight (hereinafter also referred to as “Mw”) of 100,000 to 4,000,000.
- Mw weight average molecular weight
- the maximum melt shrinkage in the width direction (hereinafter also referred to as “TD direction”) at 135 to 145 ° C. is 40% or less
- the microporous membrane has a shutdown temperature (hereinafter “SD temperature”) of 135 ° C. or less.
- SD temperature shutdown temperature
- MD temperature melt down temperature
- Patent Document 2 discloses a polyolefin microporous membrane containing PP and PE having a Mw of 300,000 to 1,500,000. This microporous membrane has an SD temperature of 130-140 ° C. and an MD temperature of 160-200 ° C.
- Patent Document 3 discloses that PP and PE are polyolefin microporous membranes, and the viscosity average molecular weight (hereinafter also referred to as “Mv”) of the whole polyolefin is 100,000 to 1,200,000.
- Mv viscosity average molecular weight
- Patent Document 4 discloses a microporous polyolefin membrane containing PP and PE having an Mv of 300,000 or more. This microporous membrane has an SD temperature of 130-140 ° C. and an MD temperature of 160 ° C. or higher.
- Patent Document 5 discloses a polyolefin microporous membrane containing PP and PE having an Mw of 500,000 or more. This microporous membrane has an SD temperature of 120-140 ° C. and an MD temperature of 165 ° C. or higher.
- the battery for automobiles is currently increasing in energy capacity, and it is necessary to secure safety such as thinner and heat resistant separators. Stricter conditions are required in battery safety evaluation such as HotBox test.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a polyolefin microporous membrane that is excellent in appearance, shape retention at high temperatures, and uniformity of physical properties of the microporous membrane, and that can clear the safety evaluation test with high certainty.
- a polyolefin microporous membrane according to the present invention contains 5 to 20% by weight of polypropylene having a weight average molecular weight of 1.5 to 3 million, and contains polyethylene having a weight average molecular weight of 1.5 to 2.5 million. It comprises 5% to 20% by weight, contains polyethylene having a weight average molecular weight of 200 to 500,000 in a proportion of 60% to 90%, and has a single layer structure.
- the weight average molecular weight of polypropylene is preferably 2 million or more, more preferably 2.5 million or more.
- the weight ratio of polypropylene is preferably 6 to 15%, or 7.5 to 10%.
- the weight ratio of the whole polyolefin made of polyethylene, polypropylene, or the like is preferably 20 to 25%.
- the weight average molecular weight can be determined by a measuring method described in, for example, JP-A-2013-32545.
- the polyolefin microporous membrane of the present invention has the composition of PP and PE as described above, and in particular contains a super high molecular weight PE having a weight average molecular weight of 1.5 to 2.5 million in a predetermined weight ratio, thereby providing a single layer structure. It is excellent in shape retention in a high temperature region even though it is a single film.
- the dispersibility of the polypropylene in the microporous film can be improved by using the specific resin composition as described above. As a result, the meltdown temperature and appearance of the microporous membrane can be made uniform and good.
- a battery manufactured using such a polyolefin microporous membrane is excellent in safety.
- the “single layer structure” is a structure in which the composition and the raw material used, or layers having different physical properties are not arranged in the film thickness direction of the microporous film, in other words, the composition and the raw material used in the film thickness direction, Or it refers to a structure with the same physical properties. Therefore, in the single-layer structure, the composition, the raw materials used, and the physical properties are aligned with each other at a certain arbitrary position in the microporous film and at a position separated from the arbitrary position in the film thickness direction.
- the thermal contraction rate in the width direction obtained by measuring the amount of shrinkage in the width direction generated in 15 minutes under a temperature condition of 150 ° C. in a state where the shrinkage in the longitudinal direction is suppressed. It is preferably 35% to 50%, and more preferably 35% to 40%.
- a battery that is good even in a form wound as a battery separator along the longitudinal direction hereinafter also referred to as “MD direction”. It becomes possible to show characteristics.
- the polyolefin microporous membrane preferably retains the membrane shape without being broken even when heated for 30 minutes at a temperature of 150 ° C. in a state where shrinkage in the longitudinal direction is suppressed. Further, it is preferable that the thermal shrinkage obtained by measuring the amount of shrinkage in the width direction occurring in 8 hours under the temperature condition of 105 ° C. is 0 to 5%.
- the polyolefin microporous membrane preferably has an air resistance of 80 to 200 sec / 100 cc, more preferably 100 to 150 sec / 100 cc. It preferably has a puncture strength of 150 to 400 g, more preferably 250 to 400 g. In order to improve the performance of the battery, it becomes a microporous membrane having improved heat shrinkage characteristics, that is, better dimensional stability at high temperatures, and excellent balance of heat resistance, air resistance, and puncture strength.
- the polyolefin microporous membrane according to the present invention has a shutdown temperature of 133 ° C. to 138 ° C. and a meltdown temperature of 160 ° C. to 170 ° C., and the difference between the shutdown temperature and the meltdown temperature is 26.5 ° C. or more. It is preferable.
- the SD temperature and the MD temperature can be adjusted by changing the raw material composition and the raw material mixing conditions. By setting the SD temperature and MD temperature of the polyolefin microporous film to values in such a range, a battery with secured safety can be manufactured.
- the meltdown temperature variation (R value) is preferably 10 ° C. or less, more preferably 5 ° C. or less.
- a polyolefin solution obtained by melt-kneading a raw material comprising a polyolefin composition with a molding solvent such as liquid paraffin in a twin-screw extruder is extruded from a T-die of the twin-screw extruder and cooled while being drawn by a cooling roller.
- a gel-like sheet is obtained.
- the gel-like sheet is simultaneously biaxially stretched in the MD direction and the TD direction by a biaxial stretching machine, and the heat-fixed treatment is immersed in a washing tank of a methylene chloride bath to remove liquid paraffin.
- the sheet obtained by removing the liquid paraffin is dried and then re-stretched and relaxed in the TD direction by a width direction stretching machine, and the stretching ratio in the TD direction (TD dry stretching ratio) is, for example, 1.1 to 1.6.
- TD dry stretching ratio is, for example, 1.1 to 1.6.
- the microporous membrane after drying can be stretched in the MD direction at a stretch ratio (MD dry stretch ratio) of, for example, 1.0 to 1.6, preferably 1.1 to 1.5.
- the TD dry stretch ratio is preferably equal to or greater than the MD dry stretch ratio, and may be sequentially or simultaneously stretched in the MD direction and the TD direction.
- the dried microporous membrane is sequentially stretched in the MD direction and the TD direction, it is preferable to stretch in the MD direction and then in the TD direction.
- the polyolefin microporous membrane of the present invention includes a molding solvent, stretches a gel-like sheet obtained by extrusion molding a polyolefin solution containing a polyolefin in a weight ratio of 30% or less, and further for the molding It is preferable that it is obtained by drying after removing the solvent.
- the polyolefin content (weight ratio) in the polyolefin solution is more preferably 25% or less.
- polyolefin microporous membrane according to the present invention it is possible to provide a polyolefin microporous membrane that is excellent in appearance and shape retention at a high temperature and can pass safety evaluation tests with high certainty.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing a production process of a polyolefin microporous membrane 1 according to Example 1.
- FIG. From 5 parts by mass of a polypropylene resin having a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of 2.6 ⁇ 10 6 , 15 parts by mass of ultra high molecular weight polyethylene having an Mw of 2.0 ⁇ 10 6 and 80 parts by mass of high density polyethylene having an Mw of 2.8 ⁇ 10 5 100 parts by mass of the resulting polyolefin composition was dry-blended with 0.2 parts by mass of tetrakis (methylene-3- (3,5-ditertiarybutyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) -propionate) methane as an antioxidant.
- Mw weight average molecular weight
- the raw material 2 is charged into the twin screw extruder 11 and liquid paraffin (50 cst at 40 ° C.) is supplied from the side feeder of the twin screw extruder 11.
- the polyolefin composition is 25 parts by mass and the liquid paraffin is 75 parts by mass.
- the mixture was dissolved and kneaded in a twin screw extruder to prepare a polyolefin solution.
- the dissolution and kneading conditions are as follows.
- the melt-kneading conditions were as follows: the temperature was 210 ° C., the ratio Q / Ns of the amount Q (kg / h) of the polyolefin resin solution to the screw rotation speed Ns (rpm) was 0.2 kg / h / rpm, and Ns was 420 rpm. It went on condition of.
- This polyolefin solution was extruded from a T-die of the twin-screw extruder 11 and cooled while being drawn by a cooling roller 12 whose temperature was adjusted to 40 ° C. to form a gel-like sheet.
- the obtained gel-like sheet was simultaneously biaxially stretched 5 times in both the MD direction and the TD direction at 120 ° C. by the biaxial stretching machine 13 and fixed to the biaxial stretching machine 13 as it was in both the MD direction and the TD direction.
- Heat fixing treatment was performed at a temperature of 120 ° C. so that there was no dimensional change.
- the stretched gel-like sheet was immersed in a washing tank 14 of a methylene chloride bath to remove (wash) the liquid paraffin, and the resulting microporous membrane was dried with a dryer 15.
- the obtained microporous membrane was re-stretched by 1.41 times in the TD direction at 128 ° C. by the width direction stretching machine 23, and subsequently relaxed at a relaxation rate of 15% in the TD direction. After setting to 2, it was fixed to the width direction drawing machine 23 so that there was no dimensional change in both the MD direction and the TD direction, and heat setting was performed at 130 ° C.
- the microporous membrane was cooled to room temperature and wound up by a winding roller 22 to produce a polyolefin microporous membrane 1 having a thickness of 12 ⁇ m.
- a test piece was prepared by cutting into a square of 5 cm in the longitudinal direction and 5 cm in the width direction from an arbitrary position of the microporous membrane. Arbitrary five points of this test piece were measured with a thickness contact thickness meter, and the measurement results were averaged to obtain the thickness of the test piece. Ten test pieces were prepared and measured for the same microporous membrane. The average value of all 10 test pieces was taken as the thickness of the microporous membrane. As a thickness measuring machine, Lightmatic VL-50A manufactured by Mitsutoyo was used.
- the puncture strength is determined when a microporous membrane having a thickness of T1 is pierced at a speed of 2 mm / second using a needle having a diameter of 1 mm having a spherical tip surface (curvature radius R: 0.5 mm) (in gram units). Defined as the maximum load measured (in gf).
- shutdown temperature (T SD ) and meltdown temperature (T MD ) The shutdown temperature was measured by measuring the air resistance with an Oken type air permeability meter (EGO-1T, manufactured by Asahi Seiko Co., Ltd.) while heating the microporous membrane at a heating rate of 5 ° C./min. The temperature at which the resistance reached 1 ⁇ 10 5 sec / 100 cm 3 , which is the detection limit, was determined and used as the shutdown temperature.
- EGO-1T Oken type air permeability meter
- the variation of T MD (R value) is the maximum value of T MD - and a minimum value (° C.).
- the polyolefin microporous membrane 1 obtained by the production method of this example was sampled at a size of 50 mm in the MD direction ⁇ 50 mm in the TD direction, and the MD direction of the sample was fixed to a cardboard with tape, and for 30 minutes or more during opening at 150 ° C. I left it alone. Those that broke within 10 minutes are unacceptable ( ⁇ ), those that broke within 10 minutes within 30 minutes are acceptable ( ⁇ ), and those that broke over 30 minutes without breaking are considered good ( ⁇ ). .
- the polyolefin microporous membrane 1 obtained by the production method of this example was cut into a sample size width of 95 mm ⁇ length of 95 mm and spread on a magnifier with illumination (device used: ILLUMINATING LUPE, manufactured by PEAK).
- the microporous membrane was observed with transmitted light.
- Counting transparent spots with a major axis of 0.3 cm or more, ⁇ (excellent) if the number of spots is 5 or less ⁇ (excellent) if 5 or more and 10 or less ⁇ (good), if it is more than 10 or more than 30 ⁇ (possible), those exceeding 30 were evaluated as x (impossible).
- the polyolefin microporous membrane of the present invention is a lithium ion secondary battery, lithium polymer secondary battery, nickel-hydrogen secondary battery, nickel-cadmium secondary battery, nickel-zinc secondary battery, silver-zinc secondary battery, etc.
- a separator for a secondary battery it is particularly preferable for a separator for a lithium ion secondary battery.
- the application object of this invention is not limited to a lithium ion secondary battery.
- a positive electrode and a negative electrode are laminated via a separator, and the separator contains an electrolytic solution (electrolyte).
- the structure of the electrode is not particularly limited, and may be a known structure.
- an electrode structure (coin type) arranged such that a disc-shaped positive electrode and a negative electrode face each other, an electrode structure (stacked type) in which flat plate-like positive electrodes and negative electrodes are alternately laminated, a laminated belt-like positive electrode, and An electrode structure in which the negative electrode is wound (winding type) can be used.
- the positive electrode usually has a current collector and a layer that is formed on the surface thereof and includes a positive electrode active material that can occlude and release lithium ions.
- the positive electrode active material include transition metal oxides, composite oxides of lithium and transition metals (lithium composite oxides), and inorganic compounds such as transition metal sulfides. Transition metals include V, Mn, and Fe. , Co, Ni and the like.
- the lithium composite oxide include lithium nickelate, lithium cobaltate, lithium manganate, and a layered lithium composite oxide based on an ⁇ -NaFeO 2 type structure.
- the negative electrode has a current collector and a layer formed on the surface thereof and containing a negative electrode active material. Examples of the negative electrode active material include carbonaceous materials such as graphite, natural graphite, artificial graphite, cokes, and carbon black.
- the electrolytic solution can be obtained by dissolving a lithium salt in an organic solvent.
- Lithium salts include LiClO 4 , LiPF 6 , LiAsF 6 , LiSbF 6 , LiBF 4 , LiCF 3 SO 3 , LiN (CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 , LiC (CF 3 SO 2 ) 3 , Li 2 B 10 Cl 10 , Examples include LiN (C 2 F 5 SO 2 ) 2 , LiPF 4 (CF 3 ) 2 , LiPF 3 (C 2 F 5 ) 3 , lower aliphatic carboxylic acid lithium salt, LiAlCl 4 and the like. These may be used alone or as a mixture of two or more.
- organic solvent examples include organic solvents having a high boiling point and a high dielectric constant such as ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, and ⁇ -butyrolactone, and tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, dimethoxyethane, dioxolane, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, and the like.
- organic solvents having a low boiling point and a low viscosity These may be used alone or as a mixture of two or more. Since a high dielectric constant organic solvent has a high viscosity and a low viscosity organic solvent has a low dielectric constant, it is preferable to use a mixture of the two.
- the separator When assembling the battery, impregnate the separator with electrolyte. Thereby, ion permeability can be imparted to the separator (multilayer microporous membrane).
- the impregnation treatment is performed by immersing the multilayer microporous membrane in an electrolytic solution at room temperature.
- a positive electrode sheet, a separator made of a multilayer microporous membrane, and a negative electrode sheet are laminated in this order, wound, inserted into a battery can, impregnated with an electrolyte, and then a positive electrode terminal equipped with a safety valve Crimp the battery lid that also serves as a via a gasket.
- a prismatic battery was prepared according to the following procedure, and a battery safety test was performed.
- the battery assembled as described above was charged at a constant current up to a voltage of 4.2 V at a current value of 1 C, then charged at a constant voltage and a constant voltage of 4.2 V, and then discharged to a final voltage of 3.0 V at a current of 1 C. Next, after constant current charging to 4.2V with a current value of 1C, 4.2V constant voltage charging is performed.
- the battery was put into an oven, heated from room temperature at 5 ° C./min, and then left at 150 ° C. for 30 minutes. Smoke or fire within 10 minutes after reaching 150 ° C is not allowed ( ⁇ ) Can be fired within 10 minutes but within 30 minutes ( ⁇ ), good over 30 minutes but within 1 hour ( ⁇ ), those that did not ignite and exceeded 1 hour were judged as excellent ( ⁇ ).
- Table 1 shows the resin composition, production conditions, microporous film properties, and battery evaluation results of Example 1.
- Example 2 As the polyolefin composition, Mw2.6 ⁇ 10 6 and polypropylene resin 7.5 parts by weight of, Mw2.0 ⁇ 10 6 ultra high molecular weight polyethylene 15 parts by weight of Mw2.8 ⁇ 10 5 high density polyethylene 77.5 wt A polyolefin microporous membrane was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a polyolefin composition consisting of parts was used, and various tests were performed.
- Example 3 As the polyolefin composition consists of a polypropylene resin 10 parts by weight of Mw2.6 ⁇ 10 6, and ultra high molecular weight polyethylene 15 parts by weight of Mw2.8 ⁇ 10 5 high density polyethylene 75 parts by weight of Mw2.0 ⁇ 10 6 A polyolefin microporous membrane was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the polyolefin composition was used, and various tests were performed.
- Example 4 As a polyolefin composition, it consists of 15 parts by mass of Mw 2.6 ⁇ 10 6 polypropylene resin, 15 parts by mass of ultra high molecular weight polyethylene of Mw 2.0 ⁇ 10 6 and 70 parts by mass of high density polyethylene of Mw 2.8 ⁇ 10 5.
- a polyolefin microporous membrane was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the polyolefin composition was used, and various tests were performed.
- Example 5 As the polyolefin composition consists of a polypropylene resin 20 parts by weight of Mw2.6 ⁇ 10 6, and ultra high molecular weight polyethylene 15 parts by weight of Mw2.8 ⁇ 10 5 high density polyethylene 65 parts by weight of Mw2.0 ⁇ 10 6 A polyolefin microporous membrane was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the polyolefin composition was used, and various tests were performed.
- Example 6 As the polyolefin composition, the polypropylene resin 7.5 parts by weight of Mw2.6 ⁇ 10 6, Mw2.0 ⁇ 10 6 ultra high molecular weight polyethylene 20 parts by mass Mw2.8 ⁇ 10 5 high density polyethylene 72.5 wt A polyolefin microporous membrane was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a polyolefin composition consisting of parts was used, and various tests were performed.
- Example 7 As a polyolefin composition, 10 parts by mass of a polypropylene resin having an Mw of 2.6 ⁇ 10 6 , 20 parts by mass of an ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene having an Mw of 2.0 ⁇ 10 6 and 70 parts by mass of a high density polyethylene having an Mw of 2.8 ⁇ 10 5 A polyolefin microporous membrane was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a polyolefin composition comprising:
- Example 8 A polyolefin microporous film having a thickness of 9 ⁇ m was produced in the same manner as in Example 2 except that Ns was set at 310 rpm, and various tests were performed.
- Example 9 A polyolefin microporous film having a thickness of 16 ⁇ m was produced in the same manner as in Example 2 except that Q / Ns was changed to 0.25, and various tests were performed.
- Example 10 Instead of a polypropylene resin 10 parts by weight of Mw2.6 ⁇ 10 6, to prepare a polyolefin microporous film in the same manner as in Example 3 except for using a polypropylene resin 10 parts by weight of Mw1.5 ⁇ 10 6, various tests Carried out.
- Example 11 Instead of a polypropylene resin 10 parts by weight of Mw2.6 ⁇ 10 6, to prepare a polyolefin microporous film in the same manner as in Example 3 except for using a polypropylene resin 10 parts by weight of Mw2.0 ⁇ 10 6, various tests Carried out.
- Example 12 A polyolefin microporous membrane was prepared in the same manner as in Example 2 except that the concentration of the polyolefin solution was changed to 30% by weight, and various tests were performed.
- Example 13 A polyolefin microporous film having a thickness of 3 ⁇ m was prepared in the same manner as in Example 3 except that Ns was 310 rpm, and various tests were performed.
- Example 14 A polyolefin microporous film having a thickness of 5 ⁇ m was produced in the same manner as in Example 3 except that Ns was 310 rpm, and various tests were performed.
- Example 15 A polyolefin microporous film having a thickness of 7 ⁇ m was produced in the same manner as in Example 3 except that Ns was 310 rpm, and various tests were performed.
- Example 16 As the polyolefin composition, a polyolefin composition composed of 18 parts by mass of ultra high molecular weight polyethylene having Mw of 2.0 ⁇ 10 6 and 72 parts by mass of high density polyethylene having Mw of 2.8 ⁇ 10 5 was used. Q was 48 kg / h and Ns was 320 rpm. A polyolefin microporous film having a thickness of 3 ⁇ m was prepared and subjected to various tests in the same manner as in Example 3 except that the stretching temperature was 110 ° C., the redrawing ratio was 1.6, and the final stretching ratio was 1.45.
- Example 17 Except that the draw ratio (MD ⁇ TD) was 7 ⁇ 7, a polyolefin microporous film having a thickness of 3 ⁇ m was produced in the same manner as in Example 16, and various tests were performed.
- Example 18 The microporous film obtained by drying was re-stretched 1.2 times in the MD direction at 95 ° C. using the difference in peripheral speed of the roll by the roll method in the longitudinal direction stretching machine 20, and then the width direction stretching machine.
- a polyolefin microporous film having a thickness of 12 ⁇ m was produced in the same manner as in Example 4 except that the film was re-stretched in the TD direction by 23, and various tests were performed.
- Example 19 The microporous film obtained by drying was re-stretched 1.5 times in the MD direction at 95 ° C. using the difference in peripheral speed of the roll by the roll method with the longitudinal direction stretching machine 20 as in Example 18. Then, a polyolefin microporous film having a thickness of 12 ⁇ m was prepared, and various tests were performed.
- Example 1 The same procedure as in Example 1 was used except that a polyolefin composition consisting of 15 parts by mass of ultra high molecular weight polyethylene having an Mw of 2.0 ⁇ 10 6 and 85 parts by mass of high density polyethylene having an Mw of 2.8 ⁇ 10 5 was used. A polyolefin microporous membrane was prepared and various tests were conducted. Table 2 shows the resin composition, production conditions, microporous film properties, and battery evaluation results of the comparative example.
- Example 2 As the polyolefin composition, Mw2.6 ⁇ 10 6 and polypropylene resin 7.5 parts by weight of, Mw2.0 ⁇ 10 6 ultra high molecular weight polyethylene 30 parts by mass Mw2.8 ⁇ 10 5 high density polyethylene 62.5 wt A polyolefin microporous membrane was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a polyolefin composition consisting of parts was used, and various tests were performed.
- Example 3 As the polyolefin composition consists of a polypropylene resin 25 parts by weight of Mw2.6 ⁇ 10 6, and ultra high molecular weight polyethylene 15 parts by weight of Mw2.8 ⁇ 10 5 high density polyethylene 60 parts by weight of Mw2.0 ⁇ 10 6 A polyolefin microporous membrane was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the polyolefin composition was used, and various tests were performed.
- Example 4 A polyolefin microporous membrane was prepared in the same manner as in Example 2 except that 7.5 parts by mass of polypropylene resin having Mw 6.8 ⁇ 10 5 was used instead of 7.5 parts by mass of polypropylene resin having Mw 2.6 ⁇ 10 6. Various tests were conducted.
- Example 5 A polyolefin microporous membrane was prepared in the same manner as in Example 2 except that 7.5 parts by mass of polypropylene resin having Mw of 7.5 ⁇ 10 5 was used instead of 7.5 parts by mass of polypropylene resin having Mw of 2.6 ⁇ 10 6. Various tests were conducted.
- the obtained mixture was supplied to the feed port of a twin-screw co-directional screw extruder for melt kneading. Further, the liquid paraffin was side-fed into a cylinder of a twin-screw co-directional screw type extruder so that the amount of liquid paraffin in the total mixture melt-kneaded and extruded was 50 parts by mass.
- the melt kneading conditions were a set temperature of 200 ° C., a screw rotation speed of 200 rpm, and a discharge rate of 15 kg / h.
- the extruded molded body was gradually cooled at a rate of 10 ° C./second while being taken up by a cooling roll whose temperature was adjusted to 25 ° C. to form a gel-like sheet having a thickness of 1050 microns.
- the gel sheet was simultaneously biaxially stretched at 118 ° C. at a stretching ratio of 7 times in the MD direction and 6.4 times in the TD direction.
- the obtained stretched film was fixed to a frame plate (size: 20 cm ⁇ 20 cm, made of aluminum), immersed in a methylene chloride washing tank adjusted to 25 ° C., and washed while being shaken at 100 rpm for 3 minutes.
- the obtained film was dried at room temperature, fixed to a tenter, and heat-set.
- the heat setting conditions were a maximum draw ratio of 1.5 times, a final draw ratio of 1.3 times, a polyolefin microporous film was prepared at a maximum drawing temperature of 123 ° C., and a final drawing temperature of 128 ° C., and various tests were performed.
- Example 7 The same procedure as in Example 19 was used except that a polyolefin composition consisting of 15 parts by mass of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene having an Mw of 2.0 ⁇ 10 6 and 85 parts by mass of high density polyethylene having an Mw of 2.8 ⁇ 10 5 was used. A polyolefin microporous membrane was prepared and various tests were conducted.
- Tables 1 and 2 show the resin compositions, production conditions, microporous film properties, and battery evaluation results of Examples 2 to 19 and Comparative Examples 1 to 8.
- the polyolefin microporous membrane according to the present invention includes lithium ion secondary batteries, lithium polymer secondary batteries, nickel-hydrogen secondary batteries, nickel-cadmium secondary batteries, nickel-zinc secondary batteries, silver-zinc secondary batteries, etc. It can be used as a separator for secondary batteries.
Abstract
Description
〔微多孔膜の製造方法〕
図1は、実施例1に係るポリオレフィン微多孔膜1の製造工程を示す模式図である。重量平均分子量(Mw)2.6×106のポリプロピレン樹脂5質量部と、Mw2.0×106の超高分子量ポリエチレン15質量部とMw2.8×105の高密度ポリエチレン80質量部とからなるポリオレフィン組成物100質量部に対し、酸化防止剤としてテトラキス(メチレン-3-(3,5-ジターシャリーブチル-4-ヒドロキシフェニル)-プロピオネート)メタン0.2質量部をドライブレンドして原料2を得た。この原料2を二軸押出機11に投入し、さらに二軸押出機11のサイドフィーダーから流動パラフィン(40℃で50cst)を供給し、ポリオレフィン組成物が25質量部、流動パラフィンが75質量部となるように混合したものを二軸押出機内で溶解混練してポリオレフィン溶液を調製した。この溶解混練条件は以下の通りである。すなわち、溶融混練条件は、温度は210℃、スクリュー回転数Ns(rpm)に対するポリオレフィン樹脂溶液の投入量Q(kg/h)の比Q/Nsは0.2 kg/h/rpm、Nsは420rpmの条件で行った。このポリオレフィン溶液を二軸押出機11のTダイから押し出し、40℃に温度調節した冷却ローラ12で引き取りながら冷却し、ゲル状シートを形成した。得られたゲル状シートを、二軸延伸機13により120℃でMD方向およびTD方向ともに5倍に同時二軸延伸し、そのまま二軸延伸機13に固定してMD方向およびTD方向の両方向に寸法変化が無いように、120℃の温度で熱固定処理した。
ASTM-D4020に基づき、デカリン溶媒における135℃での極限粘度[η](dl/g)を求めた。
ポリエチレンについては、次式により算出した。
[η]=6.77×10-4×Mv0.67
ポリプロピレンについては、次式によりMvを算出した。
[η]=1.10×10-4×Mv0.80
微多孔膜の任意の位置から長手方向5cm、幅方向5cmの正方形に切り出し、試験片を作製した。この試験片の任意の5点を厚み接触厚さ計により測定し、その測定結果を平均することにより、当該試験片の厚みとした。同一の微多孔膜について、10個の試験片を用意し、測定を行った。試験片10個の全ての平均値を当該微多孔膜の厚みとした。厚み測定機はミツトヨ(Mitsutoyo)製ライトマチックVL-50Aを用いた。
旭精工(株)社製のデジタル型王研式 透気度試験機 EGO1を使用して、本発明の微多孔膜を測定部にシワが入らないように固定し、JIS P-8117(2009)に従って測定した。試料は5cm角とし、測定点は試料の中央部の1点として、測定値を当該試料の透気抵抗度[秒]とした。同様の測定を任意の位置から採取した10個の試験片について行い、10個の測定値の平均値を当該微多孔膜の透気抵抗度(sec/100ml)とした。
突刺強度は、T1の厚さを有する微多孔膜を、球状の先端表面(曲率半径R:0.5mm)を有する直径1mmの針を用いて2mm/秒の速度で突き刺したときに(グラム単位の力すなわち「gf」で)測定される最大荷重と定義される。
微多孔膜を長手方向9cm、幅方向9cmの正方形に切って試験片を作製する。試験片の各辺の中点の位置にマークを入れる。向かい合う辺にある中点間の距離を測定する(L0)。この試験片を105℃の熱風循環オーブン中で8時間熱処理した後、室温中に取り出し、30分間静置する。熱処理前と同様に向かい合う各辺の中点間の距離を測定する(L1)この際、熱収縮率は以下の式により算出した(単位:%)。
熱収縮率(%)=100×(L0-L1)/L0
シャットダウン温度は、微多孔膜を5℃/分の昇温速度で加熱しながら、王研式透気度計(旭精工株式会社製、EGO-1T)により透気抵抗度を測定し、透気抵抗度が検出限界である1×105sec/100cm3に到達した温度を求め、シャットダウン温度とした。
本実施例の製造方法により得られたポリオレフィン微多孔膜1をMD方向50mm×TD方向50mmのサイズでサンプリングし、厚紙にサンプルのMD方向をテープで固定し、150℃のオープン中に30分間以上放置した。10分以内で破膜したものを不可(×)、10分を越え30分以内で破膜したものを可(△)、破膜せずに30分を超えたものを良(○)とした。
本実施例の製造方法により得られたポリオレフィン微多孔膜1をMD方向50mm×TD方向50mmのサイズでサンプリングし、厚紙にサンプルのMD方向をテープで固定し、150℃のオープン中に15分間放置した。TD方向の長さの変化より収縮率を求めた。
本実施例の製造方法により得られたポリオレフィン微多孔膜1をサンプルサイズ幅95mm×長さ95mmに切り出し、照明付き拡大鏡ルーペ(使用機器:ILLUMINATING LUPE、PEAK社製)の上に皺なく広げ、透過光で微多孔膜を観察した。長径0.3cm以上の透明な斑点を数え、斑点の数が5個以内の物を◎(優)、5個を超え10以内のものを○(良)、10個を超え30以内のものを△(可)、30個を超えたものを×(不可)と評価した。評価に供する斑点の数はサンプル数N(=6)の平均値を採用した。
本発明のポリオレフィン微多孔膜は、リチウムイオン二次電池、リチウムポリマー二次電池、ニッケル-水素二次電池、ニッケル-カドミウム二次電池、ニッケル-亜鉛二次電池、銀-亜鉛二次電池等の二次電池用のセパレータに好ましいが、特にリチウムイオン二次電池用セパレータに好ましい。以下、リチウムイオン二次電池を説明するが、本発明の適用対象はリチウムイオン二次電池に限定されない。
以下の手順に従って角型電池を作成し、電池の安全性試験を実施した。正極活物質としてリチウムコバルト複合酸化物LiCoO2、負極活物質として黒鉛、電解液としてEC/DMCの混合溶媒に調製した1mol/LのLiPF6を使用し、正極、微多孔膜からなるセパレータ負極、及び微多孔膜を積層した後、巻回電極体を作製し、電池缶に挿入し、電解液を含浸させ、封口した。
ポリオレフィン組成物として、Mw2.6×106のポリプロピレン樹脂7.5質量部と、Mw2.0×106の超高分子量ポリエチレン15質量部とMw2.8×105の高密度ポリエチレン77.5質量部とからなるポリオレフィン組成物を用いた以外は実施例1と同様にしてポリオレフィン微多孔膜を作製し、各種試験を実施した。
ポリオレフィン組成物として、Mw2.6×106のポリプロピレン樹脂10質量部と、Mw2.0×106の超高分子量ポリエチレン15質量部とMw2.8×105の高密度ポリエチレン75質量部とからなるポリオレフィン組成物を用いた以外は実施例1と同様にしてポリオレフィン微多孔膜を作製し、各種試験を実施した。
ポリオレフィン組成物として、Mw2.6×106のポリプロピレン樹脂15質量部と、Mw2.0×106の超高分子量ポリエチレン15質量部とMw2.8×105の高密度ポリエチレン70質量部とからなるポリオレフィン組成物を用いた以外は実施例1と同様にしてポリオレフィン微多孔膜を作製し、各種試験を実施した。
ポリオレフィン組成物として、Mw2.6×106のポリプロピレン樹脂20質量部と、Mw2.0×106の超高分子量ポリエチレン15質量部とMw2.8×105の高密度ポリエチレン65質量部とからなるポリオレフィン組成物を用いた以外は実施例1と同様にしてポリオレフィン微多孔膜を作製し、各種試験を実施した。
ポリオレフィン組成物として、Mw2.6×106のポリプロピレン樹脂7.5質量部と、Mw2.0×106の超高分子量ポリエチレン20質量部とMw2.8×105の高密度ポリエチレン72.5質量部とからなるポリオレフィン組成物を用いた以外は実施例1と同様にしてポリオレフィン微多孔膜を作製し、各種試験を実施した。
ポリオレフィン組成物として、Mwが2.6×106のポリプロピレン樹脂10質量部と、Mw2.0×106の超高分子量ポリエチレン20質量部とMw2.8×105の高密度ポリエチレン70質量部とからなるポリオレフィン組成物を用いた以外は実施例1と同様にしてポリオレフィン微多孔膜を作製し、各種試験を実施した。
Nsを310rpmとした以外は実施例2と同様にして、厚みが9μmのポリオレフィン微多孔膜を作製し、各種試験を実施した。
Q/Nsを0.25とした以外は実施例2と同様にして、厚みが16μmのポリオレフィン微多孔膜を作製し、各種試験を実施した。
Mw2.6×106のポリプロピレン樹脂10質量部の代わりに、Mw1.5×106のポリプロピレン樹脂10質量部を用いた以外は実施例3と同様にしてポリオレフィン微多孔膜を作製し、各種試験を実施した。
Mw2.6×106のポリプロピレン樹脂10質量部の代わりに、Mw2.0×106のポリプロピレン樹脂10質量部を用いた以外は実施例3と同様にしてポリオレフィン微多孔膜を作製し、各種試験を実施した。
ポリオレフィン溶液の濃度を30重量%にした以外は実施例2と同様にしてポリオレフィン微多孔膜を作製し、各種試験を実施した。
Nsを310rpmとした以外は実施例3と同様にして、厚みが3μmのポリオレフィン微多孔膜を作製し、各種試験を実施した。
Nsを310rpmとした以外は実施例3と同様にして、厚みが5μmのポリオレフィン微多孔膜を作製し、各種試験を実施した。
Nsを310rpmとした以外は実施例3と同様にして、厚みが7μmのポリオレフィン微多孔膜を作製し、各種試験を実施した。
ポリオレフィン組成物として、Mw2.0×106の超高分子量ポリエチレン18質量部とMw2.8×105の高密度ポリエチレン72質量部とからなるポリオレフィン組成物を用いた。Qを48kg/h、Nsを320rpmとした。延伸温度 110℃、再延伸倍率1.6、最終延伸倍率1.45とした以外は実施例3と同様にして、厚みが3μmのポリオレフィン微多孔膜を作製し、各種試験を実施した。
延伸倍率(MD×TD)は7×7とした以外は実施例16と同様にして、厚みが3μmのポリオレフィン微多孔膜を作製し、各種試験を実施した。
乾燥にて得られた微多孔膜を、長手方向延伸機20でロール方式によりロールの周速差を利用して95℃でMD方向に1.2倍に再延伸し、続いて幅方向延伸機23によりTD方向再延伸した以外は実施例4と同様にして、厚みが12μmのポリオレフィン微多孔膜を作製し、各種試験を実施した。
乾燥にて得られた微多孔膜を、長手方向延伸機20でロール方式によりロールの周速差を利用して95℃でMD方向に1.5倍に再延伸した以外は実施例18と同様にして、厚みが12μmのポリオレフィン微多孔膜を作製し、各種試験を実施した。
ポリオレフィン組成物として、Mw2.0×106の超高分子量ポリエチレン15質量部とMw2.8×105の高密度ポリエチレン85質量部とからなるポリオレフィン組成物を用いた以外は実施例1と同様にしてポリオレフィン微多孔膜を作製し、各種試験を実施した。比較例の樹脂組成、製造条件、微多孔膜物性および電池評価の結果を表2に示す。
ポリオレフィン組成物として、Mw2.6×106のポリプロピレン樹脂7.5質量部と、Mw2.0×106の超高分子量ポリエチレン30質量部とMw2.8×105の高密度ポリエチレン62.5質量部とからなるポリオレフィン組成物を用いた以外は実施例1と同様にしてポリオレフィン微多孔膜を作製し、各種試験を実施した。
ポリオレフィン組成物として、Mw2.6×106のポリプロピレン樹脂25質量部と、Mw2.0×106の超高分子量ポリエチレン15質量部とMw2.8×105の高密度ポリエチレン60質量部とからなるポリオレフィン組成物を用いた以外は実施例1と同様にポリオレフィン微多孔膜を作製し、各種試験を実施した。
Mw2.6×106のポリプロピレン樹脂7.5質量部の代わりに、Mw6.8×105のポリプロピレン樹脂7.5質量部を用いた以外は実施例2と同様にしてポリオレフィン微多孔膜を作製し、各種試験を実施した。
Mw2.6×106のポリプロピレン樹脂7.5質量部の代わりに、Mw7.5×105のポリプロピレン樹脂7.5質量部を用いた以外は実施例2と同様にしてポリオレフィン微多孔膜を作製し、各種試験を実施した。
粘度平均分子量(Mv)20万のホモポリマーのポリエチレン46質量部、Mv70万のホモポリマーのポリエチレン47質量部、Mv40万のホモポリマーのポリプロピレン7質量部、可塑剤として流動パラフィン65質量部、酸化防止剤としてペンタエリスリチル-テトラシス-[3-(3,5-ジ-t-ブチル-4-ヒドロキシフェニル)プロピオネート]1質量部を用意し、これらをヘンシェルシキサーにて予備混合した。得られた混合物を溶融混練するため二軸同方向スクリュー押出機のフィード口へ供給した。また、溶融混練し押出される全混合物中に占める流動パラフィン量が50質量部となるように、流動パラフィンを二軸同方向スクリュー式押出機のシリンダーにサイドフィードした。溶融混練条件は、設定温度200℃、スクリュー回転数200rpm、吐出量15kg/hとした。
ポリオレフィン組成物として、Mw2.0×106の超高分子量ポリエチレン15質量部とMw2.8×105の高密度ポリエチレン85質量部とからなるポリオレフィン組成物を用いた以外は実施例19と同様にしてポリオレフィン微多孔膜を作製し、各種試験を実施した。
2 原料
11 二軸押出機
12、22 ローラ
13、23 延伸機
14 洗浄槽
15 乾燥機
Claims (4)
- 重量平均分子量150~300万のポリプロピレンを5%~20%の重量割合で含有し、重量平均分子量150~250万のポリエチレンを5%~20%の重量割合で含有し、重量平均分子量20~50万のポリエチレンを60%~90%の割合で含有し、単層構造を有することを特徴とするポリオレフィン微多孔膜。
- 長手方向の収縮を抑止した状態にて、150℃の温度条件下で15分間に生じる幅方向の収縮量を測定して得られる幅方向の熱収縮率が35%~50%である、請求項1に記載のポリオレフィン微多孔膜。
- 133℃~138℃のシャットダウン温度および160℃~170℃のメルトダウン温度を有し、前記シャットダウン温度と前記メルトダウン温度の差が26.5℃以上である、請求項1または2に記載のポリオレフィン微多孔膜。
- メルトダウン温度のバラツキが10℃以下である、請求項1~3のいずれかに記載のポリオレフィン微多孔膜。
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WO2021033735A1 (ja) * | 2019-08-22 | 2021-02-25 | 東レ株式会社 | ポリオレフィン微多孔膜、積層体、及び電池 |
CN114207003A (zh) * | 2019-08-22 | 2022-03-18 | 东丽株式会社 | 聚烯烃微多孔膜、层叠体和电池 |
KR20220051167A (ko) | 2019-08-22 | 2022-04-26 | 도레이 카부시키가이샤 | 폴리올레핀 미다공막, 적층체 및 전지 |
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CN106459467A (zh) | 2017-02-22 |
KR102294981B1 (ko) | 2021-08-26 |
CN106459467B (zh) | 2019-06-07 |
KR20170003919A (ko) | 2017-01-10 |
JPWO2015166878A1 (ja) | 2017-04-20 |
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