Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
  • A23K—FODDER
  • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
  • A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
  • A23K10/22—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from fish
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
  • A23J—PROTEIN COMPOSITIONS FOR FOODSTUFFS; WORKING-UP PROTEINS FOR FOODSTUFFS; PHOSPHATIDE COMPOSITIONS FOR FOODSTUFFS
  • A23J1/00—Obtaining protein compositions for foodstuffs; Bulk opening of eggs and separation of yolks from whites
  • A23J1/04—Obtaining protein compositions for foodstuffs; Bulk opening of eggs and separation of yolks from whites from fish or other sea animals
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
  • A23K—FODDER
  • A23K30/00—Processes specially adapted for preservation of materials in order to produce animal feeding-stuffs
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
  • A23K—FODDER
  • A23K30/00—Processes specially adapted for preservation of materials in order to produce animal feeding-stuffs
  • A23K30/20—Dehydration
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
  • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
  • A23L17/00—Food-from-the-sea products; Fish products; Fish meal; Fish-egg substitutes; Preparation or treatment thereof
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
  • Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
  • Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
  • Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures

Definitions

• This invention is related to fish silage drying and in particular is directed to an optimized method for fish silage drying and its constituent materials, as well as products resulting from said method, more specifically it is related to the salmon silage drying and obtaining a protein supplement from it.
• Salmon culture in closed and semi controlled environments aims to generate multiple stages in which the fish is under natural conditions, and also decrease high mortality rates that they present during their natural cycle, as well as generating a homogeneous quality in the production.
• Silage complies with the same function as fishmeal, with the peculiarity that fish silage is a sort of pasty liquid.
• Fish silage can be defined as a pasty liquid product, made from whole fish or parts or residues thereof in acid medium, as an alternative to the processing of discards from fishing plants and that can be a component in animal food rations.
• the chemical silage is elaborated by adding mineral and/or organic acids to salmon.
• Formic, sulfuric, hydrochloric, propionic acids or combination thereof have been used.
• Raw matter is ground, the acid or acids is/are added and mixed completely, for the enzymes present in the same can digest in favorable conditions in the acid medium provided.
• the use of formic acid is preferred, since it assures the preservation without an excessive decrease in pH, which avoids a neutralization step of the product before its use as protein supplement in animal diets.
• Prior art and according to the disclosure in Al-Marzooqui W, Al-Farsi MA, Kadim IT, Mahgoub O, Goddard JS.
• Asian-Aust J Anim Sci. 2010; 23(12): 1614-1625) discloses obtaining a product based in fish silage, which is dried, ground, packed and employed as a protein supplement in animal diets, from the raw matter of fish silage.
• Prior art contains some methodologies for drying of a fish silage, and said documents are referred to the drying of a fish silage, wherein there are experiences related to acid silage rations of fish discards for poultry as described by Villela de Andrade, M.F., Lessi, E. Franqueira da Silva, J.M. 1992, and related to obtaining silage from sardine residues (Sardinella brasiliensis, Steindashner, 1979) and its employment in formulation of minimal cost rations for poultry. Second Expert Consult on Technologies for Fish Products in Latin America, Montevideo, convinced, 1 1 to 15 December 1989. FAO Fish Report N° 441 Supplement. Rome. p. 115-125.
• silage was dried under the sun and in the shade in different manners. After 49 hours of evaporation in the shade at ambient temperature, humidity decreased from 74.80% to 53.20%; fat increased from 5.47% to 8.93% and total protein from 15.21 % to 32.76%. Also elements Ca, P. Na, K, Mg, Mn and aminoacids were determined. Rations prepared for the same cost using linear programming were prepared, using the statistical program from IBM, MPSX1370 (Rio Data-Centro-PUC, Rio de Janeiro).
• silage All rations for animal diet were prepared with different levels of silage and presented a lower cost than those prepared with fishmeal.
• the protein concentrate elaborated from salmon silage has an average of 50% of residual humidity, due to operational restrictions of process equipment. This humidity level limits inclusion of the product in pellet systems of food processing plants, related with the final humidity of the pellet and its structural integrity. This is the reason why the attempts to introduce the protein concentrate in national market has been unsuccessful, which has motivated the development of drying technologies that can be adapted to nutritional requirements of the target species, local culture and complicate thermoplastic properties of hydrolyzed proteins that characterize concentrated acid salmon silage from the concentration step.
• the present invention solves the technical problem of concentrated acid salmon silage drying, during preparation of a protein supplement for animal diets, through a method wherein continuously and sequentially the salmon silage is treated following the steps of cooking, solid-fluid separation, liquid-liquid separation, concentration, drying, cooling, grinding, adding antioxidants, and packing, wherein the concentration step proceeds as: a) incorporating in a first mixer an amount of concentrated acid salmon silage, and an amount of flour-type carrier (for example wheat bran, wheat flour, rice flour, corn flour) in a ratio varying in any of the following percentages, 90% y 10%; 80% y 20%; 70% y 30%; 60% y 40% respectively.
• flour-type carrier for example wheat bran, wheat flour, rice flour, corn flour
• the advantage of using two mixers in the method of the present invention is that it allows that the composition of the mixture is more homogeneous, and providing a better matrix for absorbing concentrated acid salmon silage, avoiding agglomeration inside the drying equipment.
• a flour type carrier for example wheat bran, wheat flour, rice flour, corn flour
• the advantage of using a flour type carrier is that it allows absorbing the hydrolyzed fraction of salmon silage, reacting the latter with starch components present in the flour-type carrier, and optimizing the drying of salmon silage in this manner.
• An additional advantage of the present invention is that the present of a cooler at the exit of the dryer, allows to decrease temperature from 80°C to 25°C, and therefore stabilizing the product avoiding undesired oxidation.
• the concentrated acid salmon silage is mixed with a flour-type carrier (for example wheat bran, wheat flour, rice flour, corn flour) in a ratio as previously described, with the purpose of obtaining a concentrated acid salmon silage matrix, and therefore facilitate drying, when a tridimensional porous structure is formed, wherein the hydrolyzate present in the salmon silage is absorbed in the fibers of the flour-type carrier.
• a flour-type carrier for example wheat bran, wheat flour, rice flour, corn flour
• the first mixer consists on a horizontal paddle mixer, conditioned to make a homogeneous mixture between the flour-type carrier and concentrated acid salmon silage.
• the flour-type carrier for example wheat bran, wheat flour, rice flour, corn flour
• the flour-type carrier for example wheat bran, wheat flour, rice flour, corn flour
• a dosing hopper allowing feeding with a constant flow that can go from 70 to 300 kg/h of flour-type carrier, and controlled in the first mixer.
• the second mixer is also an horizontal mixer, but with a mixer-conveyor screw design.
• the dryer is a rotadisk, comprising disks with vapor chambers that indirectly heat the mass inside them, wherein the upper part is disposed an evaporated water extraction brought down by washing with cold water, wherein the dry product at the exit of the rotadisk dryer has a humidity between 8 and 11 %.
• the cooler allows to pass a cold air stream in crosscurrent with the dry product coming out of the dryer, and the cooler operating in such a manner that temperature descends from 80°C to 25°C in a time period that can vary between 10 and 30 minutes, depending on the flow of product.
• the grinder used in the grinding step allows obtaining a product with a granulometry bellow 5 mm, wherein an antioxidant is added in an amount from 100 to 300 ppm, such as ethoxyquin.
• the flour-type carrier for example wheat bran, presents the features of a humidity absorbent compound, is hygroscopic, facilitating in this manner the drying of a mixture, and further incorporating to the dry salmon silage, additional nutritional conditions favoring in this manner its use as a protein supplement in animal feed.
• the finished protein supplement for animal feed has a physical form of a coarse flour, brown in color, with a characteristic odor and comprising protein in weight percentage of a minimum of 41 %; fat with a maximum of 8%; humidity with a maximum of 11 %; ashes with a maximum of 12%; and raw fiber with a maximum of 8%.
• Storage is made in a fresh place with relative humidity below 60%, having a shelf life of 18 months, and presentation in polypropylene bags containing 25 kg, 50 kg, and maxi polypropylene bags of 1 ,250 kg.
• the mixture can be made with any type of flour, which can be wheat bran, wheat flour, rice flour, corn flour, and the drying is made in double drum type dryers.
• a system is used to develop this method to improve drying of concentrated acid salmon silage, during preparation of a protein supplement for animal feed, from salmon silage, comprising a storage tank, a loading tank, a cooking equipment, a solid-liquid separation equipment, a liquid-liquid separation equipment, a concentrator equipment, a dryer, a cooler, a grinder, an antioxidant dosing equipment, and a packing equipment, wherein after the concentrator equipment is further added:
• a first mixer communicated with a flour type carrier dosing hopper and with the concentrator equipment; a second mixer communicated with the concentrator equipment, with the first mixer, and with the dryer, the latter in a recycling mode.
• the first mixer consists in a horizontal paddle mixer, conditioned to provide a homogeneous mix between the flour-type carrier and the concentrated acid salmon silage.
• the second mixer is also a horizontal mixer, but with a mixer-conveyor screw design.
• the dryer is a rotadisk, comprising a disk dryer with vapor chambers providing indirect heating to the mass inside them, wherein in the upper part is disposed an evaporated water extraction, brought down by washing with cold water.
• the cooler passes a cold air stream crosscurrent with the dry product coming out of the dryer, allowing a descent in the temperature from 80°C to 25°C.
• FIGURE Figure 1 describes steps and/or stages related to the system for reducing salmon silage, to obtain a protein supplement and 2 other subproducts: defatted and concentrated salmon silage, semi-liquid and salmon oil.
• the diagram of reducing the salmon silage in Figure 1 describes continuously and sequentially the generic steps of storage 1 , loading tank (2), cooking (3), solid-liquid separation in tricanter (4), liquid-liquid separation (5), concentration in evaporation plant
• Figure 1 shows the following numbers corresponding to:
• (15) represents storage of the mixture obtained after evaporation step and before mixing step with mixers 1 and 2.
• (16) represents the hopper used to dose the flour-type carrier.
• (17) represents storage of flour-type carrier (for example wheat bran, wheat flour, rice flour, corn flour).
• flour-type carrier for example wheat bran, wheat flour, rice flour, corn flour.
• (18) represents sludge obtained during the liquid-liquid separation process.
• a certain amount of salmon silage is taken, for example a flow of 10 ton/h, and taker to a continuous cooker operating at a temperature of 95°C leaving to react for 5 minutes, wherein an oily phase and an aqueous phase, containing the hydrolyzed product, are formed, and the non-hydrolyzed solid discards represent insoluble matter.
• the treated mixture is passed to a tricanter, wherein a solid-liquid phase separation is performed, eliminating solids or insoluble matter present. Afterwards, the supernatant is introduced into a centrifuge wherein a liquid-liquid separation is performed, separating an oily and an aqueous phase; wherein the oily phase contains salmon oil, which is taken to a storage tank for future use.
• the aqueous phase, containing the hydrolyzed product is introduced in an evaporator or evaporator plant, wherein water is eliminated and a wet paste of concentrated hydrolyzed product is left, representing an acid salmon silage, that has been defatted and concentrated with a percentage of water-humidity between 45% and 53%.
• the concentrated acid salmon silage is introduced into a first mixer together with an amount of what bran; in a ratio of 80% and 20%, and is further incorporated in a second mixer together with a fraction of the load coming out of the dryer, the latter as a recycle, in a ratio of 80% and 20%, defined by the humidity at the exit of the dryer.
• the mixture that has been formed in the second mixer is transported to a rotary dryer operating at a temperature between 80°C and 95°C during a period of 45 minutes, and a fraction of the load coming out of the dryer is recycled to the second mixer, and the mixture of dry product at the exit of the dryer is passed through a cooler, wherein the cooling of the mixture of dry product takes place at a temperature from 80°C to 25°C during 25 minutes.
• the dry and cooled down product is fed to the grinding step wherein the product is granulated, obtaining 95% of the product with a size smaller than 5 mm, adding 200 ppm of ethoxyquine as antioxidant, and finally the protein supplement for animal feed is packed in polypropylene bags with a capacity for 50 kg.
• the product before packing presents a physical form of a brown, coarse flour, with a characteristic odor.
• the packed product in the corresponding bags that can go from 25 kg to 1 ,000kg or more, are stored during a shelf life period of 18 months, in a fresh place with a relative humidity lower than 60%.
• a representative sample of the product stored in a bag was taken, to which a physico- chemical analysis was performed, showing an nutritional evaluation of 50% protein, 7% fat, 10% humidity, 10% total ash, and 5% raw fiber.

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• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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• Food Science & Technology (AREA)
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• Molecular Biology (AREA)
• Biomedical Technology (AREA)
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• 2014
  • 2014-04-24 CL CL2014001051A patent/CL2014001051A1/es unknown
  • 2014-12-17 BR BR112016024537-7A patent/BR112016024537B1/pt active IP Right Grant
  • 2014-12-17 CA CA2946363A patent/CA2946363C/en active Active
  • 2014-12-17 WO PCT/IB2014/067026 patent/WO2015162467A1/en active Application Filing
  • 2014-12-17 US US15/305,217 patent/US11116241B2/en active Active
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• 2015
  • 2015-12-16 DK DKPA201570827A patent/DK178992B1/en active

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