GB1596758A - Fish silage - Google Patents

Fish silage Download PDF

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Publication number
GB1596758A
GB1596758A GB24071/77A GB2407177A GB1596758A GB 1596758 A GB1596758 A GB 1596758A GB 24071/77 A GB24071/77 A GB 24071/77A GB 2407177 A GB2407177 A GB 2407177A GB 1596758 A GB1596758 A GB 1596758A
Authority
GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
fish
silage
process according
tank
liquefied
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
GB24071/77A
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Trouw (UK) Ltd
Original Assignee
Trouw (UK) Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Trouw (UK) Ltd filed Critical Trouw (UK) Ltd
Priority to GB24071/77A priority Critical patent/GB1596758A/en
Priority to CA301,941A priority patent/CA1098365A/en
Priority to SE7805774A priority patent/SE436826B/en
Priority to NO781959A priority patent/NO145971C/en
Priority to FI781795A priority patent/FI63327C/en
Priority to DK255178A priority patent/DK158192C/en
Priority to JP6931978A priority patent/JPS545055A/en
Priority to FR787817192A priority patent/FR2393536A1/en
Publication of GB1596758A publication Critical patent/GB1596758A/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23JPROTEIN COMPOSITIONS FOR FOODSTUFFS; WORKING-UP PROTEINS FOR FOODSTUFFS; PHOSPHATIDE COMPOSITIONS FOR FOODSTUFFS
    • A23J3/00Working-up of proteins for foodstuffs
    • A23J3/30Working-up of proteins for foodstuffs by hydrolysis
    • A23J3/32Working-up of proteins for foodstuffs by hydrolysis using chemical agents
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23JPROTEIN COMPOSITIONS FOR FOODSTUFFS; WORKING-UP PROTEINS FOR FOODSTUFFS; PHOSPHATIDE COMPOSITIONS FOR FOODSTUFFS
    • A23J3/00Working-up of proteins for foodstuffs
    • A23J3/30Working-up of proteins for foodstuffs by hydrolysis
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23JPROTEIN COMPOSITIONS FOR FOODSTUFFS; WORKING-UP PROTEINS FOR FOODSTUFFS; PHOSPHATIDE COMPOSITIONS FOR FOODSTUFFS
    • A23J3/00Working-up of proteins for foodstuffs
    • A23J3/30Working-up of proteins for foodstuffs by hydrolysis
    • A23J3/32Working-up of proteins for foodstuffs by hydrolysis using chemical agents
    • A23J3/34Working-up of proteins for foodstuffs by hydrolysis using chemical agents using enzymes
    • A23J3/341Working-up of proteins for foodstuffs by hydrolysis using chemical agents using enzymes of animal proteins
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23KFODDER
    • A23K10/00Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/20Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
    • A23K10/22Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from fish
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23KFODDER
    • A23K50/00Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
    • A23K50/30Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for swines

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Nutrition Science (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Animal Husbandry (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Physiology (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Birds (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
  • Apparatuses For Bulk Treatment Of Fruits And Vegetables And Apparatuses For Preparing Feeds (AREA)
  • Fodder In General (AREA)
  • Meat, Egg Or Seafood Products (AREA)
  • Medicines Containing Material From Animals Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
  • Preparation Of Compounds By Using Micro-Organisms (AREA)

Description

(54) FISH SILAGE (71) We, BP NUTRITION (UK) LIMITED, Stepfield, Witham, Essex, a British company do hereby declare the invention for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed to be particularly described in and by the following statement: The present invention relates to a process for producing fish silage also known as liquefied fish protein.
By "fish silage" is meant here and throughout the specification a liquid fish product made from whole fish or parts of fish that are liquefied by the action of naturally occurring enzymes in the fish in the presence of an additive which is capable of initiating or accelerating the liquefying process. The enzymes break down fish proteins into smaller soluble units, and the additive helps to speed up their activity while preventing bacterial spoilage.
Hitherto, fish silage has been produced by vigorously agitating fish mince with organic or mineral acids. However, fish mince, which is a semi-solid becomes even more viscous on addition of the acid and therefore needs heavy duty equipment to vigorously agitate and liquefy such a mass.
After a period, the fish is liquefied and the liquefied mixture stored in tanks for subsequent distribution. In this technique, heavy machinery is required not only to pump the bulk of liquefied fish silage but also for the fish to be minced in sufficiently fine form and agitated to minimise the duration of agitation and liquefaction.
It has now been found that the problems associated with handling and mixing minced fish may be minimised using a comparatively simple technique.
It is an object of the present invention to eliminate a) the need for fine mincing, b) the conveying of solid minced fish, c) the mixing of a solid mass after addition of acid and d) the need for heavy duty equipment.
Accordingly, the present invention is a process for producing fish silage comprising mixing fish with preformed liquid fish silage and an additive capable of intiating and accelerating the liquefaction process.
The mixing may be carried out in a tank using any of the conventional mechanical mixers. Since heavy duty equipment is unnecessary, the process of the present invention is relatively flexible in the choice of mixers. Thus, examples of mixers that may be used include turbine mixers, paddle mixers, propeller mixers, tumble mixers and the centrifugal impeller type mixers. A chopper pump is preferable as a mixer.
One of the principal advantages of the present invention is that small and medium sized fish eg up to 6 in x 15 in need not be chopped or minced prior to the mixing stage. Under the conditions of mixing now proposed these are automatically minced and liquefied without becoming unmanageably viscous and therefore do not add undue strain on the mixers or the pumping equipment. However, if relatively large sized fish, for example dog fish, is to be liqufied, it may be desirable to chop such fish to a suitable size, preferably within that specified above for small and medium size fish, for ease of operation. As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, it is not necessary to use whole fish to operate the process of the present invention. Fish waste, fish offal and other scrap from the fishing industry preminced or otherwise, may be used as feed to the mixing stage.
The additives which are capable of initiating and accelerating the liquefaction process may be selected from organic acids, mineral acids, salts thereof, some specific enzymes, for example papayin, and mixtures of these. Acids, especially organic acids, are preferable and these may be the lower monocarboxylic acids such as formic acid and propionic acid. Formic acid however is most preferable. The additive may be added to the fish either prior to the mixing stage, eg during the preliminary chopping or mincing stage if such a step is carried out, or, during the mixing stage.
The ratio of the additive to the fish feed in the mixture at the time of mixing in the tank is suitably between 0.5 and 30% by weight, preferably between 0.1 and 5.0 ,20 by weight.
Within these ranges the optimum concentrations will maturally depend upon the type of fish being liquefied, eg the water and the oil content thereof and the like, and the amount of preformed liquid fish silage in the mixture.
The ratio of preformed liquid fish silage to the fish feed is suitably between 10:1 and 1:10 by weight, preferably between 2:1 and 1:3 by weight.
In starting the operation it will be necessary to obtain the first supply of fish silage. This may be achieved by agitating minced fish with warm water along with the additive, preferably one which supplies the necessary acid environment to produce a pH of 4 or below to ensure against bacterial spoilage. When all the fish has become liquefied at least part of the mixture is pumped to store.
Using part of this liquefied fish as the medium a first batch of fish and additive are liquefied, according to the invention by constant and rapid agitation.
A second batch of fish may be similarly liquefied and this can then be divided, one part retained for further fish addition, and the remainder put to store. After five or six such operation the silage produced is of substantially the same nutritional value as the fish being used and continuous operation in this manner can be carried out indefinitely.
Silage produced at the starting up stage is still a valuable feed and can be used for pig feed with the diet suitably adjusted for the excess water present.
The rate at which fish is liquefied depends upon the type of raw material, its freshness and the temperature of the process. It has been found that fatty fish liquefy more quickly than white fish offal and fresh fish are much easier to liquefy than stale fish. It is therefore desirable to subject fish to the liquefaction process immediately on receipt of the raw material.
The liquefaction process is also temperature dependent. Temperatures of at least 20"C are desirable and temperatures between 20 and 40"C are preferable. At higher temperatures enzymes responsible for liquefaction have been found to deactivate.
The invention is further illustrated with reference to the accompanying drawing; Apparatus A mixing tank (1) is provided with a chopper pump (2) capable of providing circulation within the tank (1) via one-way valve (3) or pumping to store (A) and (B) via outlet (4) and inlet pipes (5) and (6) respectively for fish feed and aqueous formic acid. The outlet (4) is connected to storage tanks (A) and (B) via one-way valves (7), (8) and (9). A pump (12) is connected to each of the storage tanks (A) and (B) to withdraw liquid fish silage therefrom via one-way valves (10) and (11) respectively.
Pump (12) is further connected to the mixing tank (1) via one-way valve (15) for recycling fish silage from the storage tanks (A) and (B) to the mixing tank (1) or back to the storage tanks (A) and (B) for recirculation via one-way valves (14) and (8), and (14) and (9) respectively.
Process 1. 0.5 ton of fish is fed at a steady rate along with 3.5 gallons of formic acid (3.5%) by weight of 85% formic acid) via inlet pipes (5) and (6) respectively into a mixing tank (1) containing 0.5 ton of warm water (30 to 400C).
2. The agitation and circulation of the mixture in tank (1) is started by closing valve (7) and opening valve (3), and the circulation continued for one hour.
3. Thereafter, half the liquid in the mixing tank (1) is pumped into storage tank (A) by closing valves (3) and (9) and opening valves (7) jnd (8). Liquid pumped into storage tank (A) is recirculated continuously be opening valves (8), (10), (13) and (14) closing valve (15) and starting the pump (12).
4. Circulation and agitation in mixing tank (1) is continued by closing valve (7) and opening valve (3). Simultaneously, a further 0.5 ton of fish and 3.5 gallons of formic acid are added, as before, to the mixing tank (1) containing half the original charge now converted to fish silage via inlet (5) and mixing continued for another 0.5 hour.
Then a further 1 ton of fish and 7 gallons of formic acid are added, as before, to the mixing tank (1) and agitation and circulation continued.
5. Operations 3 and 4 above are repeated to produce fish silage continuously.
WHAT WE CLAIM IS: 1. A process for producing fish silage comprising mixing fish with preformed fish silage and an additive capable of initiating and accelerating the liquefaction process.
2. A process according to claim 1 wherein the mixing is carried out in a tank using a mechanical mixer.
3. A process according to claim 2 wherein the mechanical mixer is a chopper pump.
4. A process according to any of the preceding claims wherein the fish used is fish waste, fish offal or scrap from the fishing industry.
5. A process according to any of the preceding claims wherein the additive capable of initiating and accelerating the liquefaction process is selected from
**WARNING** end of DESC field may overlap start of CLMS **.

Claims (15)

**WARNING** start of CLMS field may overlap end of DESC **. is suitably between 0.5 and 30% by weight, preferably between 0.1 and 5.0 ,20 by weight. Within these ranges the optimum concentrations will maturally depend upon the type of fish being liquefied, eg the water and the oil content thereof and the like, and the amount of preformed liquid fish silage in the mixture. The ratio of preformed liquid fish silage to the fish feed is suitably between 10:1 and 1:10 by weight, preferably between 2:1 and 1:3 by weight. In starting the operation it will be necessary to obtain the first supply of fish silage. This may be achieved by agitating minced fish with warm water along with the additive, preferably one which supplies the necessary acid environment to produce a pH of 4 or below to ensure against bacterial spoilage. When all the fish has become liquefied at least part of the mixture is pumped to store. Using part of this liquefied fish as the medium a first batch of fish and additive are liquefied, according to the invention by constant and rapid agitation. A second batch of fish may be similarly liquefied and this can then be divided, one part retained for further fish addition, and the remainder put to store. After five or six such operation the silage produced is of substantially the same nutritional value as the fish being used and continuous operation in this manner can be carried out indefinitely. Silage produced at the starting up stage is still a valuable feed and can be used for pig feed with the diet suitably adjusted for the excess water present. The rate at which fish is liquefied depends upon the type of raw material, its freshness and the temperature of the process. It has been found that fatty fish liquefy more quickly than white fish offal and fresh fish are much easier to liquefy than stale fish. It is therefore desirable to subject fish to the liquefaction process immediately on receipt of the raw material. The liquefaction process is also temperature dependent. Temperatures of at least 20"C are desirable and temperatures between 20 and 40"C are preferable. At higher temperatures enzymes responsible for liquefaction have been found to deactivate. The invention is further illustrated with reference to the accompanying drawing; Apparatus A mixing tank (1) is provided with a chopper pump (2) capable of providing circulation within the tank (1) via one-way valve (3) or pumping to store (A) and (B) via outlet (4) and inlet pipes (5) and (6) respectively for fish feed and aqueous formic acid. The outlet (4) is connected to storage tanks (A) and (B) via one-way valves (7), (8) and (9). A pump (12) is connected to each of the storage tanks (A) and (B) to withdraw liquid fish silage therefrom via one-way valves (10) and (11) respectively. Pump (12) is further connected to the mixing tank (1) via one-way valve (15) for recycling fish silage from the storage tanks (A) and (B) to the mixing tank (1) or back to the storage tanks (A) and (B) for recirculation via one-way valves (14) and (8), and (14) and (9) respectively. Process 1. 0.5 ton of fish is fed at a steady rate along with 3.5 gallons of formic acid (3.5%) by weight of 85% formic acid) via inlet pipes (5) and (6) respectively into a mixing tank (1) containing 0.5 ton of warm water (30 to 400C). 2. The agitation and circulation of the mixture in tank (1) is started by closing valve (7) and opening valve (3), and the circulation continued for one hour. 3. Thereafter, half the liquid in the mixing tank (1) is pumped into storage tank (A) by closing valves (3) and (9) and opening valves (7) jnd (8). Liquid pumped into storage tank (A) is recirculated continuously be opening valves (8), (10), (13) and (14) closing valve (15) and starting the pump (12). 4. Circulation and agitation in mixing tank (1) is continued by closing valve (7) and opening valve (3). Simultaneously, a further 0.5 ton of fish and 3.5 gallons of formic acid are added, as before, to the mixing tank (1) containing half the original charge now converted to fish silage via inlet (5) and mixing continued for another 0.5 hour. Then a further 1 ton of fish and 7 gallons of formic acid are added, as before, to the mixing tank (1) and agitation and circulation continued. 5. Operations 3 and 4 above are repeated to produce fish silage continuously. WHAT WE CLAIM IS:
1. A process for producing fish silage comprising mixing fish with preformed fish silage and an additive capable of initiating and accelerating the liquefaction process.
2. A process according to claim 1 wherein the mixing is carried out in a tank using a mechanical mixer.
3. A process according to claim 2 wherein the mechanical mixer is a chopper pump.
4. A process according to any of the preceding claims wherein the fish used is fish waste, fish offal or scrap from the fishing industry.
5. A process according to any of the preceding claims wherein the additive capable of initiating and accelerating the liquefaction process is selected from
organic acids, mineral acids, salts thereof, enzymes and mixtures of these.
6. A process according to claim 5 wherein the organic acid is lower monocarboxylic acid.
7. A process according to claim 6 wherein the lower monocarboxylic acid is formic acid.
8. A process according to any of the preceding claims wherein the ratio of the additive to the fish feed in the mixture is between 0.5 and 30% by wt.
9. A process according to claim 8 wherein the ratio of the additive to the fish feed in the mixture is between 0.1 and 5.0% by wt.
10. A process according to any of the preceding claims wherein the ratio of preformed liquid fish silage to the fish feed is between 10:1 and 1:10 by wt.
11. A process according to claim 10 wherein the ratio of preformed liquid fish silage to the fish feed is between 2:1 and 1:3 by wt.
12. A process according to any of the preceding claims wherein the liquefaction is carried out at a temperature of at least 20"C.
13. A process according to claim 12 wherein the liquefaction carried out at temperature between 20 and 40"C.
14. A process for producing liquid fish silage according to claim 1 as hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying drawing.
15. Liquid fish silage whenever produced by a process according to any one of the preceding claims.
GB24071/77A 1977-06-09 1977-06-09 Fish silage Expired GB1596758A (en)

Priority Applications (8)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB24071/77A GB1596758A (en) 1977-06-09 1977-06-09 Fish silage
CA301,941A CA1098365A (en) 1977-06-09 1978-04-25 Fish silage
SE7805774A SE436826B (en) 1977-06-09 1978-05-19 SET TO PREPARE FLUID FISH ENSILAGE FROM FIXED FISH AND ADDITIVE FISH
NO781959A NO145971C (en) 1977-06-09 1978-06-05 PROCEDURE FOR THE PREPARATION OF FISH HYDROLYZATE
FI781795A FI63327C (en) 1977-06-09 1978-06-06 FOERFARANDE FOER FRAMSTAELLNING AV FISKHYDROLYSAT
DK255178A DK158192C (en) 1977-06-09 1978-06-08 PROCEDURE FOR THE PREPARATION OF FISH ENSILAGE
JP6931978A JPS545055A (en) 1977-06-09 1978-06-08 Production of fish silage
FR787817192A FR2393536A1 (en) 1977-06-09 1978-06-08 PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF LIQUEFIED FISH PROTEINS

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB24071/77A GB1596758A (en) 1977-06-09 1977-06-09 Fish silage

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
GB1596758A true GB1596758A (en) 1981-08-26

Family

ID=10205915

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
GB24071/77A Expired GB1596758A (en) 1977-06-09 1977-06-09 Fish silage

Country Status (8)

Country Link
JP (1) JPS545055A (en)
CA (1) CA1098365A (en)
DK (1) DK158192C (en)
FI (1) FI63327C (en)
FR (1) FR2393536A1 (en)
GB (1) GB1596758A (en)
NO (1) NO145971C (en)
SE (1) SE436826B (en)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5993875A (en) * 1995-08-07 1999-11-30 Norsk Hydro Asa Method for cooling and preservation of fish and products made from fish subjected to such treatment
WO2015162467A1 (en) * 2014-04-24 2015-10-29 Pesquera Pacific Star S.A. Method for improving drying of a concentrated acid salmon silage, during preparation of a protein supplement for animal feed, protein supplement obtained and system to improve drying

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS59501652A (en) * 1982-07-07 1984-10-04 ポ−ルハウゼン、ヘン Method for producing dry feed for fish
US4545187A (en) * 1984-04-16 1985-10-08 Scott Landgraf Apparatus for harvesting fruit or nuts

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR707532A (en) * 1930-03-14 1931-07-09 Fr Des Produits Alimentaires A Process for the production of fishmeal

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5993875A (en) * 1995-08-07 1999-11-30 Norsk Hydro Asa Method for cooling and preservation of fish and products made from fish subjected to such treatment
WO2015162467A1 (en) * 2014-04-24 2015-10-29 Pesquera Pacific Star S.A. Method for improving drying of a concentrated acid salmon silage, during preparation of a protein supplement for animal feed, protein supplement obtained and system to improve drying
DK178992B1 (en) * 2014-04-24 2017-07-31 Pesquera Pacific Star S A Method for improving drying of a concentrated acid salmon silage, during preparation of a protein supplement for animal feed, protein supplement obtained and system to improve drying
US11116241B2 (en) 2014-04-24 2021-09-14 Pesquera Pacific Star S.A. Method for preparation of a protein supplement for animal feed

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS545055A (en) 1979-01-16
JPS6249027B2 (en) 1987-10-16
FR2393536B1 (en) 1983-05-27
FR2393536A1 (en) 1979-01-05
SE7805774L (en) 1978-12-10
FI63327B (en) 1983-02-28
DK158192B (en) 1990-04-09
FI781795A (en) 1978-12-10
NO145971C (en) 1982-07-07
NO781959L (en) 1978-12-12
FI63327C (en) 1983-06-10
SE436826B (en) 1985-01-28
DK255178A (en) 1978-12-10
DK158192C (en) 1990-09-17
CA1098365A (en) 1981-03-31
NO145971B (en) 1982-03-29

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Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PS Patent sealed [section 19, patents act 1949]
PCNP Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee