WO2015159598A1 - 立体造形物の製造装置および製造方法 - Google Patents
立体造形物の製造装置および製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015159598A1 WO2015159598A1 PCT/JP2015/055799 JP2015055799W WO2015159598A1 WO 2015159598 A1 WO2015159598 A1 WO 2015159598A1 JP 2015055799 W JP2015055799 W JP 2015055799W WO 2015159598 A1 WO2015159598 A1 WO 2015159598A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
- G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
- G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
- G06K19/06009—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code with optically detectable marking
- G06K19/06046—Constructional details
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
- B29C64/106—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material
- B29C64/112—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using individual droplets, e.g. from jetting heads
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/30—Auxiliary operations or equipment
- B29C64/307—Handling of material to be used in additive manufacturing
- B29C64/321—Feeding
- B29C64/336—Feeding of two or more materials
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/30—Auxiliary operations or equipment
- B29C64/386—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/30—Auxiliary operations or equipment
- B29C64/386—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
- B29C64/393—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
- B29C64/106—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
- B29C64/106—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material
- B29C64/118—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using filamentary material being melted, e.g. fused deposition modelling [FDM]
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
- B29C64/106—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material
- B29C64/124—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using layers of liquid which are selectively solidified
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
- B29C64/205—Means for applying layers
- B29C64/209—Heads; Nozzles
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a manufacturing apparatus and a manufacturing method of a three-dimensional modeled object that manufactures a three-dimensional modeled object by layered modeling in which modeling materials are sequentially stacked layer by layer.
- short-range wireless communication tags such as NFC (Near field communication) tags and RFID (Radio Frequency IDentification) tags and short-range wireless communication functions such as iBeacon are beginning to be used in various applications including automatic recognition.
- NFC Near field communication
- RFID Radio Frequency IDentification
- short-range wireless communication functions such as iBeacon are beginning to be used in various applications including automatic recognition.
- a short-range wireless communication tag is attached to an object or embedded in an object in advance, the object can be automatically recognized by wireless communication with a terminal such as a smartphone.
- Patent Document 1 a wireless communication tag tape in the form of an adhesive tape in which a wireless communication tag is arranged on a base material having an adhesive surface is prepared, and the wireless communication tag is attached by affixing this tape to an arbitrary part of a three-dimensional object. It is located on the outer surface of the three-dimensional object.
- Patent Documents 2 and 3 disclose techniques for embedding a wireless communication tag in an object (resin) using an injection molding method. Furthermore, Patent Document 4 discloses a technique for obtaining a three-dimensional object with a built-in wireless communication tag by attaching a wireless communication tag between two molded bodies and bonding them.
- a wireless communication tag when a wireless communication tag is used, information stored in the tag may be rewritten if the information stored in the tag is not sufficiently encrypted.
- the wireless communication tag is easily damaged by mechanical force or electromagnetics.
- a booster antenna is required, and depending on the size of the modeled object, the wireless communication tag may not fit inside the modeled object together with the antenna.
- marking is formed in an object during manufacturing of the object by an additional manufacturing apparatus (additive manufacturing).
- the marking is produced by melting and curing powder or liquid, and changing a parameter of an energy beam used for modeling a three-dimensional modeled object to form a porous substructure.
- a magnetic substance is inserted into the porous substructure, and powder or liquid that has not been melted or hardened is enclosed.
- Non-Patent Document 1 discloses a technique for embedding an information code in a modeled object during additive manufacturing.
- Non-Patent Document 2 reports that when a two-dimensional code (for example, a QR code (registered trademark)) expressed in three dimensions is embedded in a modeled object, the two-dimensional code can be read by an X-ray CT scanner while being destroyed. Has been.
- a two-dimensional code for example, a QR code (registered trademark)
- JP 2000-234104 A (refer to claims 1, 5, 7, paragraph [0013], etc.)
- JP-T-2007-536106 (refer to claims 1 and 2, paragraphs [0004], [0006] to [0013], [0019], etc.)
- JP 2013-505855 A see claims 1 to 9, paragraphs [0010] to [0030], etc.
- Patent Documents 5 to 7 and Non-Patent Documents 1 and 2 when a structure corresponding to the information code is embedded in the three-dimensional modeled object, in terms of appearance, the above-mentioned structure is in which of the three-dimensional modeled object. Since it is not known whether the structure is embedded, it is necessary to scan the three-dimensional object from end to end with an external device (for example, an X-ray CT apparatus) in order to detect the structure. For this reason, information cannot be read quickly from the structure. Such a problem becomes prominent when the size of the three-dimensional model is increased.
- an external device for example, an X-ray CT apparatus
- the present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and the purpose of the present invention is to enable an external device to easily recognize the position of an information code embedded in a three-dimensional structure, thereby
- An object of the present invention is to provide a manufacturing apparatus and a manufacturing method of a three-dimensional structure that enables quick reading of an information code inside the three-dimensional structure.
- the manufacturing apparatus of the three-dimensional molded item which concerns on one side of this invention is a manufacturing apparatus of the three-dimensional molded item which comprises the modeling part which piles up modeling material sequentially for every layer, and manufactures a three-dimensional molded article by the lamination modeling by the said modeling part, An information code forming unit for forming an information code in which information for identifying the three-dimensional model is encoded in the three-dimensional model formed by the modeling unit, and the inside or the surface of the three-dimensional model And a position code forming unit that forms a position code obtained by encoding information indicating the formation position of the information code in the three-dimensional model.
- the external device can detect the position of the information code inside the three-dimensional structure based on the position code by detecting the position code inside or on the surface of the three-dimensional structure. Can be performed quickly.
- FIG. 1 It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the outline of the manufacturing apparatus of the three-dimensional molded item which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is sectional drawing which shows a part of said manufacturing apparatus typically. It is a perspective view which shows an example of the said three-dimensional molded item. It is explanatory drawing which showed the perspective view which shows the other example of the said three-dimensional molded item with the top view, the bottom view, the side view, the front view, and the rear view. It is a flowchart which shows the manufacturing process of the said three-dimensional molded item. It is sectional drawing which shows a mode that the lower layer of the said three-dimensional molded item is modeled in the layered modeling process.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a schematic configuration of a manufacturing apparatus 1 for a three-dimensional structure according to the present embodiment
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view schematically illustrating a part of the manufacturing apparatus 1.
- the manufacturing apparatus 1 is an apparatus that manufactures a three-dimensional structure using an additive manufacturing method.
- Examples of the additive manufacturing method include a melt deposition method (FDM: Fused Deposition Modeling), an inkjet method, an inkjet binder method, a stereolithography method (SL: Stereo Lithography), and a powder sintering method (SLS: Selective Laser Sintering). Can be mentioned.
- FDM Fused Deposition Modeling
- SL Stereo Lithography
- SLS Selective Laser Sintering
- the manufacturing apparatus 1 for a three-dimensional structure has a control block 10, a modeling block 20, an information code forming block 30, and a position code forming block 40. If necessary, a removal block (not shown) for removing excess modeling material can be added to the manufacturing apparatus 1. Details of each block will be described below.
- the control block 10 includes a 3D data input unit 11, an embedded information input unit 12, and a control unit 13.
- the 3D data input unit 11 is an input unit to which three-dimensional shape data (3D data) of a modeling target (three-dimensional modeled object) is input.
- the 3D data input unit 11 may have a configuration (interface) for acquiring 3D data of a three-dimensional structure from an external computer device P via a communication line, or 3D data of a three-dimensional structure is directly input. It may be configured with an operation unit such as a keyboard.
- the 3D data input to the 3D data input unit 11 is transferred to the control unit 13.
- the embedding information input unit 12 is an input unit for inputting information (embedding information) to be embedded in the three-dimensional object.
- information for identifying a three-dimensional molded item, such as a serial number of a three-dimensional molded item, a manufacturing date, a manufacturing place, can be considered.
- the embedded information input unit 12 may be configured (interface) to acquire embedded information from an external computer device P or the like via a communication line, or may be configured by an operation unit such as a keyboard to which embedded information is directly input. May be.
- the embedded information input to the embedded information input unit 12 is transferred to the control unit 13.
- the control unit 13 has a calculation unit such as a CPU (Central Processing Unit), and data for each layer for modeling the modeling material in three dimensions based on the 3D data transferred from the 3D data input unit 11. Create (construct) or synthesize the information code, position code, and mark data, which will be described later, with the modeling data of the three-dimensional modeled object, create composite data, and create (reconstruct) data for each layer from this composite data To do.
- a calculation unit such as a CPU (Central Processing Unit)
- control unit 13 creates an information code by encoding the embedded information input by the embedded information input unit 12, or from the three-dimensional data of the three-dimensional object and the shape data of the information code, The arrangement position of the information code that fits inside is calculated. Furthermore, the control unit 13 creates a position code by encoding information indicating the formation position of the information code in the entire three-dimensional object, and calculates the position of the position code in the three-dimensional object.
- the control unit 13 controls the operation of the entire apparatus including the modeling block 20, the information code forming block 30, and the position code forming block 40.
- the 3D data input unit 11, the embedded information input unit 12, and the control unit 13 may be configured by hardware that performs the above-described operation, or as a 3D data input unit, an embedded information input unit, and a control unit depending on a control program. It may be configured to function.
- the modeling block 20 is a modeling unit that models a three-dimensional modeled object by sequentially stacking modeling materials (first modeling material) for each layer.
- the modeling block 20 includes a supply unit 21 for supplying a modeling material (for example, ink) to a predetermined position, and a supply unit moving mechanism 22 for moving the supply unit 21 to supply the modeling material to a target position.
- a modeling material for example, ink
- a supply unit moving mechanism 22 for moving the supply unit 21 to supply the modeling material to a target position.
- the supply unit 21 includes a modeling material discharge unit 21a and a modeling material supply unit 21b.
- the modeling material discharge unit 21a discharges the modeling material onto the modeling stage S at a desired timing at a position determined by the supply unit moving mechanism 22 in accordance with slice data (data for each layer) acquired from the control block 10. is there.
- the modeling material discharge unit 21a is configured by an inkjet head (ink discharge unit) that discharges ink. And the ink discharged on the modeling stage S is hardened
- the modeling material supply part 21b supplies the modeling material accommodated in the accommodating part which is not shown in figure to the modeling material discharge part 21a.
- the modeling material supply unit 21b includes a tube (ink supply unit) that supplies ink to the inkjet head.
- the supply unit moving mechanism 22 includes an X direction moving unit 22a, a Y direction moving unit 22b, and a Z direction moving unit 22c. Based on the movement control information acquired from the control block 10, the X direction moving unit 22a, the Y direction moving unit 22b, and the Z direction moving unit 22c drive a drive mechanism (not shown) to move the supply unit 21 in each of three-dimensional directions, that is, It is freely moved in the X, Y, and Z directions orthogonal to each other.
- modeling material discharge unit 21a and the modeling material supply unit 21b may be mounted on the manufacturing apparatus 1, respectively.
- the above-described configuration of the modeling block 20 is a configuration in the case of using the inkjet method as the layered modeling method, but can be appropriately changed according to the type of the layered modeling method.
- the modeling block 20 includes a light source that irradiates the ultraviolet curable resin on the base plate with ultraviolet rays in a container that accommodates an ultraviolet curable resin that is a modeling material, or an ultraviolet ray. What is necessary is just to set it as the structure provided with the raising / lowering mechanism etc. which descend
- the modeling block 20 may be configured to model a three-dimensional model by sequentially stacking modeling materials layer by layer.
- the information code forming block 30 is a block (information code forming unit) for forming an information code in which information (embedding information) for identifying a three-dimensional structure is coded inside the three-dimensional structure formed by the modeling block 20. It is. For example, the embedded information is encoded by a predetermined calculation in the control unit 13 and becomes an information code. This information code is formed as a structure inside the three-dimensional structure using a modeling material.
- the information code forming block 30 has the same configuration as the modeling block 20 described above. That is, the information code forming block 30 supplies a second modeling material (for example, ink) for forming an information code to a predetermined position, and supplies the second modeling material to a target position.
- a supply unit moving mechanism 32 for moving the supply unit 31 is provided.
- the supply unit 31 includes a modeling material discharge unit 31a and a modeling material supply unit 31b.
- the modeling material discharge unit 31 a discharges the second modeling material onto the modeling stage S at a desired timing at a position determined by the supply unit moving mechanism 32 under the control of the control block 10.
- the modeling material supply part 31b supplies the 2nd modeling material accommodated in the accommodating part which is not shown in figure to the modeling material discharge part 31a.
- the supply unit moving mechanism 32 includes an X direction moving unit 32a, a Y direction moving unit 32b, and a Z direction moving unit 32c. Based on the movement control information acquired from the control block 10, the X direction moving unit 32a, the Y direction moving unit 32b, and the Z direction moving unit 32c drive a driving mechanism (not shown) to move the supply unit 31 in each of three-dimensional directions, that is, It is freely moved in the X, Y, and Z directions orthogonal to each other.
- the first modeling material used for modeling the three-dimensional modeled object is different from the second modeling material used for modeling the information code.
- a resin-based ink for example, an acrylate-based photocurable ink
- a metal-based ink for example, a metal powder in the photocurable ink
- Dispersed in the above When these inks are cured by ultraviolet irradiation, their physical properties (for example, density) are different from each other. Therefore, the external device can read the information code separately from the three-dimensional modeled object outside the information code.
- examples of the external apparatus that reads the information code include an X-ray CT apparatus, an ultrasonic CT apparatus, a terahertz imaging apparatus, and a nuclear magnetic resonance imaging apparatus. Any device may be used.
- first modeling material and the second modeling material may be the same (for example, both may be resin-based inks).
- the modeling block 20 cures the first modeling material
- the information code forming block 30 does not cure the second modeling material and remains uncured, so that the information code is inside the three-dimensional modeled object. It is formed. Since the first modeling material is cured and the second modeling material is uncured, the physical properties (for example, density) of each other can be made different. It is possible to read only the information code separately from the three-dimensional model.
- the first modeling material and the second modeling material are made of the same material, a gap having a predetermined width is provided around the information code formed by the second modeling material inside the three-dimensional modeled object.
- the information code can be distinguished from the three-dimensional modeled object on the outside, the information code can be read by an external device. However, in this case, it is necessary to support somewhere in the structure forming the information code inside the three-dimensional structure.
- the above-described modeling block 20 may also be configured to serve as the information code forming block 30. That is, the modeling block 20 may be configured to discharge the first modeling material and the second modeling material.
- the manufacturing apparatus 1 can be made compact.
- the modeling material discharge unit and the modeling material supply unit need only be provided one by one corresponding to one type of discharge material.
- the configuration of the manufacturing apparatus 1 can be simplified.
- the position code forming block 40 has the same configuration as the modeling block 20 and the information code forming block 30 described above. That is, the position code forming block 40 supplies a third modeling material (for example, ink) for forming a position code to a predetermined position, and supplies the third modeling material to a target position.
- a supply unit moving mechanism 42 for moving the supply unit 41 is provided.
- the supply unit 41 includes a modeling material discharge unit 41a and a modeling material supply unit 41b.
- the modeling material discharge unit 41 a discharges the third modeling material onto the modeling stage S at a desired timing at a position determined by the supply unit moving mechanism 42 under the control of the control block 10.
- the modeling material supply part 41b supplies the 3rd modeling material accommodated in the accommodating part which is not shown in figure to the modeling material discharge part 41a.
- the supply unit moving mechanism 42 includes an X direction moving unit 42a, a Y direction moving unit 42b, and a Z direction moving unit 42c. Based on the movement control information acquired from the control block 10, the X direction moving unit 42a, the Y direction moving unit 42b, and the Z direction moving unit 42c drive a drive mechanism (not shown) to move the supply unit 41 in each of three-dimensional directions, that is, It is freely moved in the X, Y, and Z directions orthogonal to each other.
- the first modeling material used for modeling the three-dimensional modeled object is different from the third modeling material used for modeling the position code.
- the third modeling material used for modeling the position code For example, when resin-based ink is used as the first modeling material, metal-based ink is used as the third modeling material. Since these physical properties (for example, density) are different from each other by curing these inks by ultraviolet irradiation, the external device can detect the position code by distinguishing it from the external three-dimensional object.
- the second modeling material used for modeling the information code and the third modeling material used for modeling the position code may be different or the same.
- the external device that detects the position code the same device as the device that reads the information code, such as the X-ray CT device described above, can be used.
- first modeling material and the third modeling material may be the same (for example, both may be resin-based inks).
- the modeling code 20 cures the first modeling material
- the position code forming block 40 does not cure the third modeling material, and remains uncured, so that the position code is inside the three-dimensional modeled object. It is formed.
- the physical properties (for example, density) of each other can be made different from each other. It is possible to read it separately from the three-dimensional model.
- a gap having a predetermined width is provided around the position code formed by the third modeling material inside the three-dimensional modeled object.
- the external device since it is possible to distinguish the position code from the three-dimensional modeled object on the outside, it is possible to cause the external device to read the position code.
- the above-described modeling block 20 may also be configured to serve as the position code forming block 40. That is, the modeling block 20 may be configured to discharge the first modeling material and the third modeling material. In this case, the manufacturing apparatus 1 can be made compact. In particular, when the first modeling material and the third modeling material are made of the same material, the modeling material discharge unit and the modeling material supply unit need only be provided one by one corresponding to one type of discharge material.
- the configuration of the manufacturing apparatus 1 can be simplified. When the first modeling material, the second modeling material, and the third modeling material are made of the same material, the configuration where the modeling block 20 serves as both the information code forming block 30 and the position code forming block 40 Therefore, the effect of simplifying the configuration of the manufacturing apparatus 1 can be maximized. Note that only the information code forming block 30 may also serve as the position code forming block 40 (see FIGS. 6A to 6C).
- FIG. 3 is a perspective view illustrating an example of the three-dimensional structure 50 manufactured by the manufacturing apparatus 1.
- an airplane model is considered as the three-dimensional structure 50.
- the information code 51 for identifying the three-dimensional structure 50 is disposed in the nose of the three-dimensional structure 50 (inside the front of the body).
- the position code 52 is disposed at a plurality of positions inside the three-dimensional structure 50 and is formed of a structure representing an arrow.
- the direction of the arrow and the length of the arrow of the position code 52 correspond to the arrangement direction of the information code 51 with respect to the arrangement position of the position code 52 and the distance between the position code 52 and the information code 51, respectively. . That is, the longer the length of the arrow of the position code 52 is, the longer the distance between the position code 52 and the information code 51 is. Therefore, the position code 52 closer to the position of the information code 51 has a shorter arrow length.
- FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing another example of the three-dimensional structure 50 together with a plan view, a bottom view, a side view, a front view, and a rear view.
- a model of an automobile is considered as the three-dimensional structure 50.
- the information code 51 for identifying the three-dimensional structure 50 is disposed inside the three-dimensional structure 50 and below the hood in front of the automobile.
- the position code 52 is disposed on the surface immediately below the information code 51 in the three-dimensional structure 50, that is, on the surface of the bottom chassis of the automobile, and is formed of a structure showing a double circle in plan view.
- the position code 52 indicates the arrangement position of the information code 51 in the three-dimensional structure 50 (the information code 51 is arranged immediately above the position code 52).
- the position code 52 formed inside or on the surface of the three-dimensional structure 50 is the disposition position of the information code 51 in the three-dimensional structure 50 and the disposition direction of the information code 51 based on the position of the position code 52. , The distance between the position code 52 and the information code 51, or any two pieces of information.
- the combination of information to be given to the position code 52 is arbitrary, and the position code 52 having all the three pieces of information may be formed.
- FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing the manufacturing process of the three-dimensional structure. In FIG. 5, steps 1, 2,... Showing each manufacturing process are described as S 1, S 2,.
- Step 1 The 3D data of the three-dimensional object to be modeled is input to the 3D data input unit 11 from the computer device P or the like.
- Step 2 The control unit 13 creates (two-dimensional) modeling data for each layer of the modeling material for modeling the three-dimensional modeled object in three dimensions from the 3D data input in step 1. This processing is called modeling data processing or STL (Standard Triangulated Language) processing.
- STL Standard Triangulated Language
- Step 3 Embedded information (manufacturing number, date of manufacture, etc.) for identifying a three-dimensional object to be encoded in the information code is input to the embedded information input unit 12 from the computer device P or the like.
- Step 4 The control unit 13 encodes the embedded information input to the embedded information input unit 12 by a predetermined calculation, and generates information code data.
- Step 5 In order to embed the generated information code in the three-dimensional object, the control unit 13 calculates (determines) the arrangement position of the information code inside the three-dimensional object based on the information information of the information code. Thereafter, the data of the information code is synthesized with the data for each layer generated in step 2, but this process may be omitted (the information code may be synthesized together with the position code in step 8 described later).
- Step 6 The control unit 13 determines whether or not the information code can be arranged inside the three-dimensional object from the information code arrangement position determined in Step 5. If it is determined that the information can be arranged, the process proceeds to the next step 7 and if it is determined that the information cannot be arranged, the process returns to step 4 to change the information amount or the information compression rate, etc. The size is changed, and in step 5, the information code placement position is recalculated. Then, the above process is repeated until the information code can be disposed inside the three-dimensional structure.
- the above-described change in the information amount includes, for example, cutting a part of the information included in the embedded information (for example, reducing the production number and the date of production to only the production number).
- Step 7 The control unit 13 generates a position code by encoding information indicating the formation position of the information code in the three-dimensional structure based on the information on the information code arrangement position calculated in Step 5, and also generates a three-dimensional position code. Calculate (determine) the arrangement position in or on the modeled object.
- the position code includes information on the position where the information code is disposed (for example, the coordinates of the information code in the XYZ orthogonal coordinate system)
- the control unit 13 determines the position code disposed after the position code is generated. be able to.
- the position code includes information on the information code arrangement direction and the distance to the information code, the information code arrangement direction based on the position must be determined unless the position code arrangement position is determined first. Since the distance to the information code is not determined, the control unit 13 determines the position code placement position first.
- Step 8 The control unit 13 synthesizes the information code so as to be the arrangement position determined in Step 5 with the modeling data for modeling the three-dimensional model obtained in Step 2 in 3D, and determined in Step 7.
- the position code is synthesized so as to be the arrangement position to create composite data, and the data for each layer used for modeling is created (reconstructed).
- the modeling block 20 starts modeling of the three-dimensional modeled object based on the data (slice data) for each layer created by the control unit 13 (S9). Then, as shown in FIGS. 6A to 6C, a three-dimensional object is manufactured by sequentially stacking the modeling material 61 as the first modeling material for each layer (layer modeling process). Further, in this additive manufacturing process, the information code forming block 30 and the position code forming block 40 are based on the slice data in parallel with the modeling of the three-dimensional modeled object by the modeling block 20.
- the modeling material 62 as the modeling material 3 is discharged, and the information code 71 and the position code 72 are formed by modeling in the interior (or surface) of the three-dimensional modeled object (see FIGS. 6B and 6C).
- the modeling material 61 is a resin-based ink
- the modeling material 62 is a metal-based ink.
- the information code forming block 30 also serves as the position code forming block 40.
- the modeling material 62 used for modeling the information code 71 and the position code 72 is different from the modeling material 61 used for modeling the three-dimensional modeled object, but as described above, these may be the same (for example, These may be distinguished by curing and non-curing). Therefore, in the layered modeling process, a three-dimensional modeled object is modeled based on the synthetic data obtained in step 8 using at least one type of modeling material. When the modeling of all the layers of the three-dimensional model is completed (S10), the operation of manufacturing the three-dimensional model by the manufacturing apparatus is completed.
- the modeling material 62 in order to embed the information code 71 inside the three-dimensional modeled object, is formed on at least one layer inside the outermost layer (the uppermost layer and the lowermost layer) of the layered modeling material 61. Thus, an information code is formed. Further, in order to form the position code 72 on the inside or the surface of the three-dimensional structure, the position code 72 is formed by the modeling material 62 in at least one layer of the modeling material 61 to be laminated.
- the position code (for example, position codes 52 and 72) indicating the formation position of the information code (for example, information codes 51 and 71) inside the three-dimensional structure is formed inside or on the surface of the three-dimensional structure. .
- the external device can easily recognize the position of the information code inside the three-dimensional structure by detecting the position code.
- the manufacturing apparatus 1 of the present embodiment a three-dimensional structure that allows an external device to easily and quickly read an information code embedded in the three-dimensional structure is manufactured by forming a position code. can do.
- the position code formed by the position code forming block 40 has at least one information of the information code disposition position, the information code disposition direction, and the distance between the position code and the information code.
- the external device detects the position code, it is possible to accurately recognize the arrangement position of the information code from the position code.
- a three-dimensional modeled object having an information code and a position code inside or on the surface can be reliably manufactured.
- a three-dimensional model is modeled using ink as a modeling material.
- ink as a modeling material.
- the position code forming unit 40 of the manufacturing apparatus 1 described above may also serve as a mark forming unit.
- a mark formation part forms the mark which shows that a position code exists in the surface of the three-dimensional molded item near the position code by modeling.
- the distance between the position code and the mark is shorter than the distance between the other position code and the mark and the distance between the information code and the mark.
- the mark may have any shape as long as it can be visually recognized, may have an uneven shape, or may have a colored shape.
- FIG. 7 is a perspective view from below showing still another example of the three-dimensional structure 50.
- a mark 53 is formed on the surface of the three-dimensional structure 50 in the vicinity of the position code 52 by the position code forming section 40 (mark forming section).
- the mark 53 is formed by a double circle symbol, but may be another symbol (for example, a rectangle, a triangle, a white circle, a black circle, etc.).
- the mark 53 includes characters (Hiragana, Katakana, alphabet, etc.), numerals (Arabic numerals, Roman numerals, Chinese numerals, etc.), signs (+,-, etc.), marks, marks, emblems, logos. (A combination of two or more type letters into one type), signs, designs (designs and designs represented in figures, pictures used for decoration, patterns, designs, etc.), unique shapes, patterns, and these It may be formed by selecting from a combination.
- FIG. 8 is a flowchart showing a manufacturing process of a three-dimensional structure having a mark on the surface.
- the flowchart in FIG. 8 is the same as the flowchart in FIG. 5 except that Step 7 ′ is inserted between Step 7 and Step 8.
- Step 7 ′ is inserted between Step 7 and Step 8.
- step 7 ′ the control unit 13 generates a mark (data) that serves as a mark for informing the location of the position code generated in step 7, and the arrangement position (on the surface of the three-dimensional modeled object, near the position code). Position).
- the mark generation may be performed based on an input (designation of the mark shape) from an input unit (not shown).
- the calculation of the mark arrangement position may be performed based on an input (designation of arrangement position) from an input unit (not shown).
- step 8 the control unit 13 combines the information code and the position code with the modeling data acquired in step 2, and combines the mark data so that the arrangement position determined in step 7 ′ is obtained.
- the three-dimensional modeling process in steps 9 and 10 is performed by the modeling block 20, the information code forming block 30, and the position code forming block 40. While the modeling object is modeled, the information code is modeled, and the position code is modeled, the mark is modeled by the position code forming block 40 that also serves as the mark forming unit.
- the external device can detect the position code quickly by scanning only the vicinity of the mark. It is possible to easily recognize the position of the information code from the position code and quickly read the information code.
- the mark is conspicuous in appearance by configuring the mark with the above-described symbols or the like, the position where the position code should be scanned by the external device becomes clear, and the position code can be detected quickly.
- the manufacturing apparatus 1 can be compactly assembled.
- the mark forming portion can be provided independently of the position code forming block 40.
- the mark forming unit includes the same configuration as the position code forming unit 40 (for example, a supply unit and a supply unit moving mechanism), so that a mark can be formed (modeling) using a modeling material.
- a three-dimensional model having the information code, position code, and mark inside or on the surface is surely obtained.
- each modeling material used for modeling of a three-dimensional molded item, an information code, a position code, and a mark may all be the same, and may each differ. Therefore, by using at least one type of modeling material, a three-dimensional modeled object having an information code, a position code, and a mark inside or on the surface can be reliably manufactured.
- FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view showing still another example of the three-dimensional structure, and shows another example of the information code 71 and the position code 72 embedded in the three-dimensional structure.
- the modeling block 20 also serves as the position code forming block 40, and the position code 72 may be formed by laminating the modeling material 61 except the portion that becomes the position code 72 in the above-described layered modeling process. Good.
- the modeling block 20 also serves as the information code forming block 30.
- the information code 71 is formed by stacking the modeling material 61 except for the portion that becomes the information code 71. Good.
- modeling block 20 models a three-dimensional model by the melt deposition method (FDM)
- FDM melt deposition method
- modeling is performed by melting a filamentous resin (filament) with heat, extruding it from a melting head and stacking it on the platform.
- the resin an ABS resin (acrylonitrile, butadiene, styrene copolymer synthetic resin) or the like having a higher viscosity than the ink used in the ink jet method can be used. Therefore, by performing layered modeling using such a high viscosity resin, it is possible to model a three-dimensional modeled object while forming a space that becomes the information code 71 and the position code 72 inside the three-dimensional modeled object. Become.
- the space which forms the information code 71 is a closed space (because the information code 71 is formed inside the three-dimensional structure), the space which forms the position code is either the closed space or the open space. (Because the position code 72 is formed inside or on the surface of the three-dimensional structure).
- a modeling material for forming the information code and the position code is not prepared separately from the modeling material 61 used for modeling the three-dimensional modeled object. You can do it. Moreover, since the discharge part which discharges the modeling material for forming an information code and a position code becomes unnecessary, arrangement
- the manufacturing apparatus and the manufacturing method of the three-dimensional structure described above can be expressed as follows, thereby producing the following effects.
- the manufacturing apparatus of the three-dimensional model described above includes a modeling unit that sequentially stacks modeling materials for each layer, and the three-dimensional model manufacturing apparatus that manufactures a three-dimensional model by layered modeling using the modeling unit.
- a position code forming unit that forms a position code in which information indicating the formation position of the information code in the three-dimensional model is encoded.
- the information code for identifying the three-dimensional modeled object is formed (embedded) by the information code forming unit inside the three-dimensional modeled object modeled by the modeling unit.
- the position code which encoded the information which shows the formation position of the information code in a three-dimensional molded item by the position code formation part is formed in the inside or surface of this three-dimensional molded item.
- the manufacturing method of the three-dimensional model according to another aspect of the present invention includes a layered modeling process for manufacturing a three-dimensional modeled object by sequentially stacking modeling materials layer by layer, and in the layered modeling process, the modeling is stacked.
- the information code By forming an information code in which information for identifying the three-dimensional structure is encoded in at least one layer inside the outermost layer of the material, the information code is formed inside the three-dimensional structure.
- a position code in which information indicating the formation position of the information code in the three-dimensional structure is encoded on at least one layer of the three-dimensional structure to be laminated, the position is formed inside or on the surface of the three-dimensional structure.
- an information code is formed inside the three-dimensional structure, and a position code is formed inside or on the surface of the three-dimensional structure. Accordingly, as described above, the external device can easily recognize the position of the information code inside the three-dimensional structure based on the position code by detecting the position code. Compared with scanning, the information code can be read quickly.
- the position code forming unit forms the position code inside or on the surface of the three-dimensional structure using a modeling material, and is different from a modeling material used for modeling the three-dimensional structure and a modeling material used for modeling the position code. It may be. In the additive manufacturing process, the position code may be formed on the inside or the surface of the three-dimensional model using a modeling material different from the modeling material used for modeling the three-dimensional model.
- the three-dimensional modeled object and the position code are formed of different modeling materials, their physical properties (for example, density) are different from each other. Therefore, it is possible to clearly distinguish the three-dimensional modeled object from the position code inside or on the surface, and the position code can be reliably detected by the external device.
- the position code forming unit forms the position code with the modeling material inside the three-dimensional modeled object, and the modeling material used for modeling the three-dimensional modeled object is the same as the modeling material used for modeling the position code.
- the position code is different from the physical property of the modeling material used by the modeling unit for modeling the three-dimensional modeled object and the physical property of the modeling material used by the position code forming unit for modeling the position code. You may form in the inside of a molded article.
- the same modeling material as the modeling material used for modeling the three-dimensional modeled object is used, the physical properties of the modeling material used for modeling the three-dimensional modeled object, and the physical properties of the modeling material used for modeling the position code
- the position code may be formed in the interior of the three-dimensional model.
- the modeling material used for modeling the three-dimensional modeled object and the modeling material used for modeling the position code are the same, for example, the former is cured and the latter is left uncured, etc.
- the position code is formed inside the three-dimensional structure by varying the density. Even in this case, it is possible to clearly distinguish the three-dimensional object and the internal position code, and the position code can be reliably detected by the external device.
- the modeling unit may also serve as at least one of the information code forming unit and the position code forming unit. In this case, the manufacturing apparatus can be made compact.
- the information code forming unit may also serve as the position code forming unit.
- the manufacturing apparatus can be made compact compared to the case where these are configured separately.
- the position code is at least one of an arrangement position of the information code in the three-dimensional structure, an arrangement direction of the information code based on the position of the position code, and a distance between the position code and the information code. It is desirable to have information.
- the external device detects the position code, it is possible to accurately recognize the position (embedding location) of the information code in the entire three-dimensional structure from the position code.
- the manufacturing apparatus may further include a mark forming unit that forms a mark indicating that the position code is in the vicinity on the surface of the three-dimensional structure in the vicinity of the position code.
- a mark indicating that the position code is in the vicinity may be further formed on the surface of the three-dimensional structure in the vicinity of the position code.
- the position code can be quickly detected by the external device scanning the vicinity of the mark.
- the position code forming unit may also serve as the mark forming unit. In this case, the manufacturing apparatus can be made compact.
- the mark may be formed by selecting from letters, numbers, symbols, signs, marks, marks, emblems, logos, signs, designs, unique shapes, patterns, and combinations thereof.
- the position code can be detected by causing the external device to scan only the vicinity of the mark.
- the manufacturing method described above includes the step of encoding information for identifying the three-dimensional structure into the information code, and the arrangement of the information code inside the three-dimensional structure based on the shape information of the information code.
- a step of determining an installation position, and information indicating a formation position of the information code in the three-dimensional structure is encoded into the position code, and an arrangement position of the position code in the three-dimensional structure or on the surface is determined.
- at least one type of modeling material may be used to model the three-dimensional modeled object based on the synthetic data.
- a three-dimensional modeled object having the information code and the position code inside or on the surface can be reliably obtained Can be manufactured.
- the manufacturing method described above includes the step of encoding information for identifying the three-dimensional structure into the information code, and the arrangement of the information code inside the three-dimensional structure based on the shape information of the information code.
- a step of determining an installation position, and information indicating a formation position of the information code in the three-dimensional structure is encoded into the position code, and an arrangement position of the position code in the three-dimensional structure or on the surface is determined.
- a step of creating data of the mark a step of determining the arrangement position of the mark on the surface of the three-dimensional object, and modeling data for modeling the three-dimensional object in three dimensions. And combining the data of the information code, the position code and the mark so as to be an installation position, and creating composite data, and in the additive manufacturing process, Using a seed of build material may be shaped to the three-dimensional object on the basis of the combined data.
- the information code, position code and mark can be placed inside or on the surface. It is possible to reliably manufacture a three-dimensional model having the same.
- the above manufacturing method may further include a step of inputting information for identifying the three-dimensional structure to be encoded in the information code.
- the input information identification information
- the input information can be coded to obtain an information code.
- the modeling unit may include an ink discharge unit that discharges ink as the modeling material, and an ink supply unit that supplies the ink to the ink discharge unit.
- the three-dimensional model may be modeled using ink as the modeling material.
- the above-described effects can be obtained particularly when a three-dimensional object is manufactured by the ink jet method.
- the modeling part may also serve as the position code forming part, and the position code may be formed by laminating the modeling material except for the part that becomes the position code. Further, in the layered manufacturing process, the position code may be formed by stacking the modeling material except for a portion serving as the position code.
- the space (open space or closed space) surrounded by the modeling material is the position code, it is not necessary to prepare a modeling material for forming the position code separately from the modeling material used for modeling the three-dimensional modeled object. Moreover, since the discharge part which discharges the modeling material for forming a position code becomes unnecessary, the structure of an apparatus is also simplified.
- the manufacturing apparatus and manufacturing method for a three-dimensional object according to the present invention can be used for manufacturing a three-dimensional object by an additive manufacturing method.
- Modeling block (modeling part) 21a Modeling material discharge part (ink discharge part) 21b Modeling material supply unit (ink supply unit) 30 Information code forming block (Information code forming section) 40 Position code forming block (position code forming part, mark forming part) 50 3D object 51 Information code 52 Position code 53 Mark 61 Modeling material 62 Modeling material 71 Information code 72 Position code
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Abstract
Description
図1は、本実施形態の立体造形物の製造装置1の概略の構成を示すブロック図であり、図2は、製造装置1の一部を模式的に示す断面図である。製造装置1は、積層造形法を利用して立体造形物を製造する装置である。
制御ブロック10は、3Dデータ入力部11、埋め込み情報入力部12および制御部13を有している。3Dデータ入力部11は、造形対象物(立体造形物)の三次元の形状データ(3Dデータ)が入力される入力部である。この3Dデータ入力部11は、立体造形物の3Dデータを外部のコンピュータ装置Pなどから通信回線を介して取得する構成(インターフェース)であってもよいし、立体造形物の3Dデータが直接入力されるキーボード等の操作部で構成されてもよい。3Dデータ入力部11に入力された3Dデータは、制御部13に転送される。
造形ブロック20は、造形材料(第1の造形材料)を層ごとに順次積み重ねることによって立体造形物を造形する造形部である。この造形ブロック20は、造形材料(例えばインク)を所定の位置に供給するための供給部21と、狙いの位置に造形材料を供給させるために供給部21を移動させる供給部移動機構22とを有している。
情報コード形成ブロック30は、造形ブロック20によって造形される立体造形物の内部に、立体造形物を識別するための情報(埋め込み情報)をコード化した情報コードを形成するブロック(情報コード形成部)である。例えば、埋め込み情報は制御部13での所定の演算によりコード化されて情報コードとなるが、この情報コードが造形材料を用いて立体造形物の内部に構造体として形成されることになる。
位置コード形成ブロック40は、造形ブロック20によって造形される立体造形物の内部または表面に、立体造形物における情報コードの形成位置を示す情報(外部装置が情報コードの位置を認識(検出)するための情報)をコード化した位置コードを形成するブロック(位置コード形成部)である。なお、位置コードの形成例については後述する。
図3は、製造装置1によって製造される立体造形物50の一例を示す斜視図である。ここでは、立体造形物50として、飛行機の模型を考えている。立体造形物50を識別するための情報コード51は、立体造形物50における機首内部(機体の前方内部)に配設されている。位置コード52は、立体造形物50の内部の複数位置に配設されており、矢印を表す構造体で形成されている。位置コード52の矢印の方向および矢印の長さは、位置コード52の配設位置を基準とした情報コード51の配設方向、および位置コード52と情報コード51との距離にそれぞれ対応している。すなわち、位置コード52の矢印の長さが長いほど、位置コード52と情報コード51との距離が長いことを示している。したがって、情報コード51の位置に近い位置コード52ほど、矢印の長さが短くなっている。
次に、上述した製造装置1を用いた立体造形物の製造方法について説明する。図5は、立体造形物の製造工程を示すフローチャートである。なお、図5において、各製造工程を示すステップ1、2、・・・は、S1、S2、・・・と記載する。
造形対象となる立体造形物の3Dデータを、コンピュータ装置Pなどから3Dデータ入力部11に入力する。
制御部13は、ステップ1で入力された3Dデータから、立体造形物を三次元で造形するための、造形材料の層ごとの(二次元の)造形データを作成する。この処理のことを、造形データ処理またはSTL(Standard Triangulated Language)処理と呼ぶ。
情報コードにコード化される対象となる、立体造形物を識別するための埋め込み情報(製造番号や製造年月日など)を、コンピュータ装置Pなどから埋め込み情報入力部12に入力する。
制御部13は、埋め込み情報入力部12に入力された埋め込み情報を、所定の演算によってコード化し、情報コードのデータを生成する。
制御部13は、生成した情報コードを立体造形物に埋め込むため、情報コードの形状情報に基づいて、情報コードの立体造形物の内部での配設位置を算出(決定)する。その後、ステップ2で生成した層ごとのデータに情報コードのデータを合成するが、この処理は省略してもよい(後述するステップ8で位置コードと併せて情報コードを合成してもよい)。
制御部13は、ステップ5で決定した情報コードの配設位置から、情報コードを立体造形物の内部に配設できるか否かを判断する。配設できると判断した場合は、そのまま次のステップ7に移行し、配設できないと判断した場合は、ステップ4に戻り、情報量の変更や情報の圧縮率の変更などを行って情報コードの大きさを変更し、ステップ5にて、情報コードの配設位置を再算出する。そして、情報コードを立体造形物の内部に配設できるようになるまで、上記の処理を繰り返す。なお、上記した情報量の変更には、例えば埋め込み情報に含まれる情報の一部をカットすること(例えば製造番号および製造年月日の情報を製造番号のみに削減すること)が含まれる。
制御部13は、ステップ5で算出した情報コードの配設位置の情報をもとに、立体造形物における情報コードの形成位置を示す情報をコード化して位置コードを生成するとともに、位置コードの立体造形物の内部または表面での配設位置を算出(決定)する。なお、位置コードに、情報コードの配設位置の情報(例えばXYZ直交座標系における情報コードの座標)を持たせる場合、制御部13は、位置コードの生成後に位置コードの配設位置を決定することができる。しかし、位置コードに、情報コードの配設方向および情報コードまでの距離の情報を含める場合は、先に位置コードの配設位置を決めないと、その位置を基準とした情報コードの配設方向および情報コードまでの距離が決まらないため、制御部13は、先に位置コードの配設位置を決めることになる。
制御部13は、ステップ2で取得した、立体造形物を三次元で造形するための造形データに、ステップ5で決定した配設位置となるように情報コードを合成するとともに、ステップ7で決定した配設位置となるように位置コードを合成して合成データを作成し、造形に用いる層ごとのデータを作成(再構築)する。
造形ブロック20は、制御部13が作成した層ごとのデータ(スライスデータ)をもとに、立体造形物の造形を開始する(S9)。そして、図6A~図6Cに示すように、第1の造形材料としての造形材料61を層ごとに順次積み重ねることによって立体造形物を製造する(積層造形工程)。また、この積層造形工程では、造形ブロック20による立体造形物の造形と並行して、情報コード形成ブロック30および位置コード形成ブロック40は、上記スライスデータをもとに、第2の造形材料および第3の造形材料としての造形材料62を吐出して、情報コード71および位置コード72を立体造形物の内部(または表面)に造形によって形成する(図6B、図6C参照)。なお、造形材料61は樹脂系のインクであり、造形材料62は金属系のインクとする。また、情報コード形成ブロック30は位置コード形成ブロック40を兼ねているものとする。
上記した製造装置1の位置コード形成部40は、マーク形成部を兼ねていてもよい。マーク形成部は、位置コードの近傍の立体造形物の表面に、位置コードが近傍にあることを示すマークを造形によって形成するものである。ここで、位置コードの近傍にマークがあるとは、上記位置コードと上記マークとの距離が、他の位置コードと上記マークとの距離よりも短く、かつ、情報コードと上記マークとの距離よりも短いことを意味する。なお、マークは、視認することができればどのような形状であってもよく、凹凸形状であってもよいし、彩色を付した形状であってもよい。
図9は、立体造形物のさらに他の例を示す断面図であって、立体造形物の内部に埋め込まれる情報コード71および位置コード72の他の例を示している。造形ブロック20は、位置コード形成ブロック40を兼ねており、上記した積層造形工程において、位置コード72となる部分を除いて造形材料61を積層することにより、位置コード72を形成するようにしてもよい。また、造形ブロック20は、情報コード形成ブロック30を兼ねており、積層造形工程において、情報コード71となる部分を除いて造形材料61を積層することにより、情報コード71を形成するようにしてもよい。
20 造形ブロック(造形部)
21a 造形材料吐出部(インク吐出部)
21b 造形材料供給部(インク供給部)
30 情報コード形成ブロック(情報コード形成部)
40 位置コード形成ブロック(位置コード形成部、マーク形成部)
50 立体造形物
51 情報コード
52 位置コード
53 マーク
61 造形材料
62 造形材料
71 情報コード
72 位置コード
Claims (20)
- 造形材料を層ごとに順次積み重ねる造形部を備え、前記造形部による積層造形によって立体造形物を製造する立体造形物の製造装置であって、
前記造形部によって造形される前記立体造形物の内部に、前記立体造形物を識別するための情報をコード化した情報コードを形成する情報コード形成部と、
前記立体造形物の内部または表面に、前記立体造形物における前記情報コードの形成位置を示す情報をコード化した位置コードを形成する位置コード形成部とを備えていることを特徴とする立体造形物の製造装置。 - 前記位置コード形成部は、造形材料によって前記位置コードを前記立体造形物の内部または表面に形成し、
前記立体造形物の造形に用いる造形材料と、前記位置コードの造形に用いる造形材料とは異なっていることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の立体造形物の製造装置。 - 前記位置コード形成部は、造形材料によって前記位置コードを前記立体造形物の内部に形成し、
前記立体造形物の造形に用いる造形材料と、前記位置コードの造形に用いる造形材料とは同じであり、
前記位置コードは、前記造形部が前記立体造形物の造形に用いる造形材料の物性と、前記位置コード形成部が前記位置コードの造形に用いる造形材料の物性とを異ならせることにより、前記立体造形物の内部に形成されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の立体造形物の製造装置。 - 前記造形部は、前記情報コード形成部および前記位置コード形成部の少なくとも一方を兼ねていることを特徴とする請求項1から3のいずれかに記載の立体造形物の製造装置。
- 前記情報コード形成部は、前記位置コード形成部を兼ねていることを特徴とする請求項1から4のいずれかに記載の立体造形物の製造装置。
- 前記位置コードは、前記立体造形物における前記情報コードの配設位置、前記位置コードの位置を基準とした前記情報コードの配設方向、前記位置コードと前記情報コードとの距離、の少なくとも1つの情報を有していることを特徴とする請求項1から5のいずれかに記載の立体造形物の製造装置。
- 前記位置コードの近傍の前記立体造形物の表面に、前記位置コードが近傍にあることを示すマークを形成するマーク形成部をさらに備えていることを特徴とする請求項1から6のいずれかに記載の立体造形物の製造装置。
- 前記位置コード形成部は、前記マーク形成部を兼ねていることを特徴とする請求項7に記載の立体造形物の製造装置。
- 前記マークは、文字、数字、記号、符号、印、標章、紋章、ロゴ、サイン、図案、固有形状、パターン、およびこれらの組み合わせから選択されて形成されることを特徴とする請求項7または8に記載の立体造形物の製造装置。
- 前記造形部は、前記造形材料としてのインクを吐出するインク吐出部と、前記インク吐出部に前記インクを供給するインク供給部とを備えていることを特徴とする請求項1から9のいずれかに記載の立体造形物の製造装置。
- 前記造形部は、前記位置コード形成部を兼ねており、前記位置コードとなる部分を除いて前記造形材料を積層することにより、前記位置コードを形成することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の立体造形物の製造装置。
- 造形材料を層ごとに順次積み重ねることによって立体造形物を製造する積層造形工程を有し、
前記積層造形工程では、
積層される前記造形材料の最外層よりも内側の少なくとも1つの層に、前記立体造形物を識別するための情報をコード化した情報コードを形成することにより、前記立体造形物の内部に前記情報コードを形成し、
積層される前記造形材料の少なくとも1つの層に、前記立体造形物における前記情報コードの形成位置を示す情報をコード化した位置コードを形成することにより、前記立体造形物の内部または表面に前記位置コードを形成することを特徴とする立体造形物の製造方法。 - 前記積層造形工程では、前記立体造形物の造形に用いる造形材料とは異なる造形材料を用いて、前記立体造形物の内部または表面に前記位置コードを形成することを特徴とする請求項12に記載の立体造形物の製造方法。
- 前記積層造形工程では、前記立体造形物の造形に用いる造形材料と同じ造形材料を用い、前記立体造形物の造形に用いる造形材料の物性と、前記位置コードの造形に用いる造形材料の物性とを異ならせることにより、前記立体造形物の内部に前記位置コードを形成することを特徴とする請求項12に記載の立体造形物の製造方法。
- 前記積層造形工程では、前記位置コードの近傍の前記立体造形物の表面に、前記位置コードが近傍にあることを示すマークをさらに形成することを特徴とする請求項12から14のいずれかに記載の立体造形物の製造方法。
- 前記立体造形物を識別するための情報を前記情報コードにコード化する工程と、
前記情報コードの形状情報に基づいて、前記情報コードの前記立体造形物の内部での配設位置を決定する工程と、
前記立体造形物における前記情報コードの形成位置を示す情報を前記位置コードにコード化し、前記位置コードの前記立体造形物の内部または表面での配設位置を決定する工程と、
前記立体造形物を三次元で造形するための造形データに、決定した配設位置となるように前記情報コードおよび前記位置コードを合成して、合成データを作成する工程とをさらに含み、
前記積層造形工程では、少なくとも1種の造形材料を用い、前記合成データに基づいて前記立体造形物を造形することを特徴とする請求項12から14のいずれかに記載の立体造形物の製造方法。 - 前記立体造形物を識別するための情報を前記情報コードにコード化する工程と、
前記情報コードの形状情報に基づいて、前記情報コードの前記立体造形物の内部での配設位置を決定する工程と、
前記立体造形物における前記情報コードの形成位置を示す情報を前記位置コードにコード化し、前記位置コードの前記立体造形物の内部または表面での配設位置を決定する工程と、
前記マークのデータを作成し、前記マークの前記立体造形物の表面での配設位置を決定する工程と、
前記立体造形物を三次元で造形するための造形データに、決定した配設位置となるように、前記情報コード、前記位置コードおよび前記マークのデータを合成して、合成データを作成する工程とをさらに含み、
前記積層造形工程では、少なくとも1種の造形材料を用い、前記合成データに基づいて前記立体造形物を造形することを特徴とする請求項15に記載の立体造形物の製造方法。 - 前記情報コードにコード化される対象となる、前記立体造形物を識別するための情報を入力する工程をさらに有していることを特徴とする請求項16または17に記載の立体造形物の製造方法。
- 前記積層造形工程では、前記造形材料としてインクを用いて前記立体造形物を造形することを特徴とする請求項12から18のいずれかに記載の立体造形物の製造方法。
- 前記積層造形工程では、前記位置コードとなる部分を除いて前記造形材料を積層することにより、前記位置コードを形成することを特徴とする請求項12に記載の立体造形物の製造方法。
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