WO2015158483A1 - Procédé et dispositif d'écartement d'un faisceau de fibres - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif d'écartement d'un faisceau de fibres Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015158483A1
WO2015158483A1 PCT/EP2015/055689 EP2015055689W WO2015158483A1 WO 2015158483 A1 WO2015158483 A1 WO 2015158483A1 EP 2015055689 W EP2015055689 W EP 2015055689W WO 2015158483 A1 WO2015158483 A1 WO 2015158483A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fiber strand
fiber
spreading
strand
sonotrode
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2015/055689
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Jürgen Keppel
Andy Rakovac
Thomas Holtmann
Original Assignee
C. Cramer, Weberei, Heek-Nienborg, Gmbh & Co. Kg
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by C. Cramer, Weberei, Heek-Nienborg, Gmbh & Co. Kg filed Critical C. Cramer, Weberei, Heek-Nienborg, Gmbh & Co. Kg
Priority to US15/304,109 priority Critical patent/US20170037545A1/en
Priority to EP15713143.4A priority patent/EP3132074B1/fr
Priority to JP2016562485A priority patent/JP2017528606A/ja
Publication of WO2015158483A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015158483A1/fr

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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02J—FINISHING OR DRESSING OF FILAMENTS, YARNS, THREADS, CORDS, ROPES OR THE LIKE
    • D02J1/00—Modifying the structure or properties resulting from a particular structure; Modifying, retaining, or restoring the physical form or cross-sectional shape, e.g. by use of dies or squeeze rollers
    • D02J1/18—Separating or spreading

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a device for spreading a fiber strand, which has an initial width and an initial thickness, to a band-shaped fiber strand having a larger end width and with a smaller final thickness, wherein the fiber strand consists of endless multifilament fibers.
  • the spreading of fiber strands has long been known and is used in fiber strands of polymer fibers to improve physical properties, since the spreading, for example, eliminates twists of the filaments in the fiber strand and a fiber strand is achieved with rectified filaments.
  • fiber strands made of carbon fibers striving in particular strives to achieve a lower basis weight of the fabrics or scrims produced from these fiber strands. Such fabrics or scrims can be used in particular for composites.
  • such a composite material is formed by coating a fibrous web or scrim or other fabric of reinforcing filaments, such as carbon fibers, with a thermoplastic matrix and compressing such precursor (prepreg).
  • prepreg thermoplastic matrix
  • a reduction in thickness and broadening of the fiber strands is obtained by spreading the fiber strands.
  • a spreading of a fiber strand is achieved in different ways.
  • One possibility is to charge the fiber strand in an electric field, whereby the filaments mutually repel and separate in this way.
  • Such a spreading method is energy-intensive and can only be applied to fiber strands which are electrically conductive and thus electrically rechargeable. Glass or textile fibers, for example, must be impregnated before such spreading process.
  • vibrations are introduced into the fiber strand for spreading.
  • the two documents US Pat. No. 5,042,111 and US Pat. No. 3,704,485 describe a method in which sound waves are generated by a loudspeaker and a vibrating air cushion spreads a fiber strand.
  • Such a method is very difficult to control and leads to uneven end widths of the fiber strand.
  • Better transmission of the vibrations to a fiber strand is achieved when the sound is introduced into a liquid, such as water.
  • a liquid such as water.
  • a disadvantage of this method is that the sizing surrounding the filaments changes in the water bath. This can also lead to a chemical change depending on the nature of the size.
  • the ratio of fiber to sizing is influenced in the fiber strand, which is not desirable.
  • a further disadvantage of the method is that the spread sliver emerging from the water must be dewatered and dried. Such a drying process is energy-intensive, so that a drying is preceded by a mechanical drainage.
  • the splayed belts are fed to a squeezing arrangement. It has been shown that with such a squeezing process in addition to the drainage also an additional spreading takes place. Further developments were therefore concerned with the spreading of a dry fiber strand with similar arrangements, in particular a zig-zag guidance of the fiber strand over different rolls and optionally via vibration rods.
  • the fiber strand is heated before, during and after spreading by means of a heater to thermally or chemically break up the sizing existing on the fibers, which on the one hand affects the sizing and on the other hand causes energy costs.
  • a change in sizing is not desirable because the sizing in the fiber strand is needed for further processing operations.
  • the object of the present invention is therefore to provide a more cost-effective method of spreading fiber strands, which is applicable to fiber strands of different nature and in particular does not affect the ratio of sizing to fiber in the fiber strand.
  • the inventive method is used for spreading a fiber strand, which has an initial width (extension in the y direction) and initial thickness (expansion in the z direction), to a band-shaped fiber strand with a larger Endholee and with a lower final thickness, ie a broadening of the fiber strand transverse to his Longitudinal direction (x-direction).
  • the method is applicable to all fiber strands of endless multifilament fibers, ie on Ceramics fibers such as silicate, basalt, glass, silicon carbide, metals such as steel, aluminum, titanium, aramid such as Kevlar, but also for polymer fibers.
  • the aim of the spreading can be solely the improvement of the physical properties or in particular the lower basis weight.
  • Multifilament fibers having a different number of filaments can be used, from 1 K fibers containing 1000 filaments, but also 50,000 filaments having 50,000 filaments, for example.
  • the fiber strand to be spread is moved starting from a development in the fiber longitudinal direction, passed through a spreading station, where a spreading takes place and then the spread band-shaped fiber strand is wound or introduced immediately into the further manufacturing process.
  • the fiber strand is exposed to vibrations in the spreading station without the use of a fluid, such as air cushion or a liquid.
  • ultrasonic waves are used, which are transmitted by a sonotrode.
  • the sonotrode contacts the fiber strand from above or below.
  • the mechanical vibrations are introduced in the z-direction, ie perpendicular to the longitudinal direction (x-direction) of the fiber strand, whereby this widens in the transverse direction (y-direction).
  • the oscillations used here have a frequency of 15 to 80 kHz, preferably between 20 and 40 kHz. At frequencies less than 20 kHz, very large sonotrodes are to be used, which significantly increase the overall device and make it more expensive. Although the sonotrode decreases for the initiation of frequencies greater than 40 kHz, the process tolerance decreases to the same extent.
  • the ultrasound transducers are equipped with interchangeable sonotrodes, which initiate the high-frequency mechanical oscillations (ultrasound) into the fiber strand via their end faces.
  • one or more sonotrodes can be used.
  • the fiber strands may become sonotrodes wrap around, wherein the angle of attack is changeable to the contact surface of the sonotrode.
  • a fiber strand In a fiber strand, the individual filaments are surrounded by a size.
  • the composition of the size varies according to the manufacturer of the fibers. Adhesives are known on the epoxy.
  • Adhesives are known on the epoxy.
  • Such a sizing facilitates the processing of the fiber strands.
  • carbon fibers have a high tensile strength in the longitudinal direction, but can break very easily transversely to the fiber longitudinal direction.
  • the sizing causes the fibers to stick together, making it difficult to spread the fiber strand.
  • the sizing does not change on the filaments of the fiber strand in the spreader station. On the one hand, there is no chemical change, since the sizing does not come into contact with any medium.
  • the ratio of fiber to sizing does not change throughout the process.
  • the vibrations induced by the sonotrode lead to friction in the fiber strand, which generates heat and softens the sizing and facilitates spreading of the fiber strand.
  • Conductive fibers such as carbon fibers, additionally contribute to heat conduction. Since this softening of the size takes place only in the region of the contact surface of the sonotrode and immediately thereafter a cooling of the fiber strand takes place again, the size / fiber ratio does not change.
  • the fiber strand As it passes through the spreading station, the fiber strand is kept under tension. This state of tension is adjustable and preferably the same over the entire process in order to achieve the most uniform possible spreading. The achievable spread width is dependent on this state of stress. The higher the tension, ie the firmer the fiber strand is held, the lower the spread width.
  • the spread width can be changed with the change in the oscillation amplitude.
  • a fiber strand can be spread reliably to a band-shaped fiber strand with at least twice the final width, preferably, the end width changes at least by 5 times.
  • a 12K carbon fiber strand having a width of 2 mm was spread at a frequency of 30 kHz to a uniform ribbon-like 12 mm wide fiber strand.
  • the final width can be set to a predetermined Endbreitenwert.
  • the process according to the invention represents a cost-effective process, since the fiber strand is processed dry, no energy for dewatering, heating or drying of the fiber strand is necessary.
  • the nature of the fiber strand does not change with respect to its composition, namely the proportion of multifilament fibers and size in the process. It is intended, a band-shaped fiber strand with uniform and greater final width and achieved with lower final thickness, which is desirable to a low basis weight and in the application of the fiber strand for fabric or scrim to lighter composites with equally good mechanical properties, such as tensile strength leads.
  • a device which has an angling device for the fiber strand to be spread, a spreading station for spreading the inserted fiber strand into a band-shaped fiber strand, a controllable tensioning device for uniform tensioning of the fiber strand during its movement through the spreading station and a winding device of the spread band-shaped fiber strand includes.
  • the spreading station contains at least one sonotrode for contacting and spreading the fiber strand, wherein the sonotrode via their contact surface oscillations of a frequency between 15 kHz and 80 kHz from above and / or below (z-direction) in the fiber strand initiates, which leads to a spreading of the fiber strand in the y direction.
  • the ultrasonic vibrators are preferably equipped with interchangeable sonotrodes, which have contact surfaces for contacting the fiber strand on their front side. These contact surfaces can be flat, concave or curved in the direction of movement of the fiber strand, ie in the fiber longitudinal direction. The width of the contact surfaces, ie the extent of the contact surface transverse to the movement of the fiber strand is chosen so that it is greater in any case than the attainable by spreading end width of the band-shaped fiber strand.
  • two adjacent sonotrodes are arranged at a preset distance. This depends on the nature of the fiber strand material. Adjacent sonotrodes are furthermore preferably provided in different orientations with respect to each other so that a first sonotrode, for example, contacts the fiber strand from above and the second sonotrode contacts the fiber strand from below. This has led to more consistent process results.
  • the contact surfaces of the sonotrodes are preferably located in one plane. In tensile fiber strands, such as carbon fiber strands, however, a looping of the sonotrodes is desired.
  • the contact surfaces are preferably arranged at different heights in relation to the continuous fiber strand, so that this fiber strand is guided as possible in a zig-zag line through the spreading station.
  • deflection rollers can be provided in front of and behind the expansion station.
  • a bandwidth limiter may be installed behind the spreader station to provide a uniform end width of the spread ribbon fiber strand.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a device according to the invention
  • FIG. 4 schematic diagram of another invention
  • the schematic diagram in FIG. 1 shows the basic passage of a fiber strand 2 to be spread starting from the bending device 1, through the spreading station 5, to the winding device 8.
  • the fiber strand 2 in this case is a 12K fiber strand, ie Fiber strand consists of 12,000 filaments, which are arranged endlessly in the fiber strand 2 side by side and are each surrounded by a size. This sizing prevents the fiber strand 2 from being damaged during its movement.
  • the inserted and delivered on a coil of the bending device 1 fiber strand 2 is unwound from this coil. Due to the development of the fiber strand 2 from the spool, different unwinding positions would result with each revolution.
  • this fiber strand 2 is always fed at the same position of the following dancer device 3, which forwards it to the spreading station 5 and thus the fiber strand 2 is moved in an unchanged plane starting from the bending device 1 towards the spreading station 5, the coil is in the unwinding device. 1 rotatable in the direction of movement and transversely to the direction of movement of the fiber strand 2, that is arranged displaceably in the y-direction.
  • the unwinding position of the fiber strand 2 can be determined by a sensor and the unwinding reel can be displaced correspondingly to the desired unwinding position.
  • the fiber strand 2 then passes into the front dancer unit 3, which serve together with the rear dancer unit 7 as tensioning devices, wherein the front dancer unit 3 in the direction of movement of the fiber strand 2, 2 'in front of the spreading station 5 and the rear dancer unit 7 in the direction of movement of the fiber strand 2, 2 'is provided behind the spreader 5.
  • the dancer units 3, 7 can counteract changed conditions which influence the tension of the fiber strand 2, 2'.
  • the dancer units 3, 7 each comprise three rollers. For a uniform tensioning of the fiber strand 2, 2 ', two rollers would be sufficient. Depending on the desired fiber strand guide towards the spreading station 5, a third roller of the dancer unit 3 can serve as an additional deflection roller for the fiber strand 2. Further deflection rollers 4 in front of the spreading device 5 and further deflection rollers 6 behind the spreading station 5 are used in particular for setting a desired angle of attack of the fiber strand 2 when entering the spreading station 5.
  • Each ultrasonic transducer 51 has a replaceable sonotrode 52 with a frontal contact surface 53.
  • the vibrations are generated by the sonotrodes 52 via the contact surface 53 from above or from below, ie in the z-direction, are introduced into the fiber strand 2.
  • the three sonotrodes 52 are arranged one behind the other in the direction of movement of the fiber strand 2, 2 ', with adjacent sonotrodes 52 being provided in different orientation in the spreading station 5 in such a way that the contact surfaces 53 of the first and third sonotrode 52 vibrate from above down into the fiber strand 2 and the second, arranged therebetween sonotrode 52, which initiates vibrations from the contact surface 53 from bottom to top in the fiber strand 2.
  • the sonotrodes 52 introduce mechanical vibrations at a frequency of 30 kHz into the fiber strand 2, 2 '.
  • a spreading of the inserted fiber strand 2 ie a spreading of the fiber strand in the lateral direction (y-direction). This spreading increases during the passage of the fiber strand 2 in contact with the subsequent sonotrodes 52.
  • the passage of the fiber strand 2, 2 'by the spreading station 5 is carried out in the example shown horizontally, ie without deflection up or down. Such a course is chosen in particular for sensitive or elastic fiber strands.
  • the spread strip-shaped fiber strand 2 'emerging from the spreading station 5 is fed via the rear dancer unit 7 to the winding device 8, where the spread fiber strand 2' is wound onto a spool with the appropriate winding tension.
  • the coil can be configured in the winding device 8 as a torque-driven take-up reel.
  • FIGS. 2a, 2b, 2c show different sonotrodes 52 ', 52 ", 52”'.
  • the respective contact surface 53 ', 53 “, 53” may have a radius in the direction of movement of the fiber strand 2, for example as the contact surface 53 "in FIG. This makes it possible to easily wrap these sonotrodes 52 "during the spreading process without the fiber strand 2 being damaged in such a looping, see FIG.
  • the sonotrode 52 "'according to FIG. 2 a also has a curved contact surface 53"', which additionally has the advantage that such sonotrodes 52 "'can be arranged in one another in a spreading device 5, as shown in FIG.
  • 3 a. 2c further shows a sonotrode 52 'which also has a radius at the outer edge 54 of the contact surface 53' and a recessed plane 55 at the center.
  • a sonotrode 52 ' is used in a spreading device, the fiber strand 2 is stretched over the edge 54 and has a freedom to oscillate upon introduction of the vibrations by the low recessed plane 55.
  • One possible arrangement of a plurality of such sonotrodes 52 ' is shown in Fig. 3c.
  • a looping of the sonotrodes 52, as shown in Fig. 3a, 3b, 3c, is preferred in carbon fiber strands.
  • the fiber strand 2 is supplied at a steep angle of attack of the contact surface 53 ', 53 ", 53"' of the sonotrodes 52 ', 52 ", 52"'. This is also possible if, in the example of FIG. 1, the first and third sonotrode 52 are lowered relative to the second sonotrode 52, so that the contact surfaces 53 are no longer arranged at the same height but the first and third contact surfaces 53 in comparison to FIG second contact surface 53 are positioned deeper.
  • FIG. 4 A further exemplary embodiment is shown in FIG. 4.
  • a plurality of fiber strands 2 are spread out simultaneously, ie several fiber strands 2 are guided side by side in the y direction through the spreader 5 and a plurality of spread fiber strands 2 ', ie widened in the y direction, leave the spreader 5.
  • the individual spread fiber strands 2 ' are fed to a delivery mechanism 9 which combines the fiber strands 2' into a common fiber strand 2".
  • it can pass through another spreading device 5.
  • Such broad fiber strands 2 "produced in this way can advantageously be used for the production of knits or loops.
  • Fiber strand from several spread, merged single strands

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé et un dispositif d'écartement d'un faisceau de fibres (2) composé de fibres multi-filament continues, destiné à obtenir un faisceau de fibres (2') en forme de bande présentant une largeur finale plus importante et une épaisseur finale plus réduite. L'écartement dans la station d'écartement (5) est réalisé au moyen d'au moins une sonotrode (52), qui entre en contact avec le faisceau de fibres (2) et introduit des vibrations dans la plage de fréquence ultrasonore dans le faisceau de fibres (2). Ceci a pour conséquence que ledit faisceau s'élargit de manière homogène transversalement à la direction longitudinale des fibres (Fig. 1).
PCT/EP2015/055689 2014-04-16 2015-03-18 Procédé et dispositif d'écartement d'un faisceau de fibres WO2015158483A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US15/304,109 US20170037545A1 (en) 2014-04-16 2015-03-18 Method and device for spreading fiber strands
EP15713143.4A EP3132074B1 (fr) 2014-04-16 2015-03-18 Méthode et appareil pour la diffusion d'un faisceau de fibres
JP2016562485A JP2017528606A (ja) 2014-04-16 2015-03-18 繊維ストランドを拡開するための方法及び装置

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102014105464.4A DE102014105464A1 (de) 2014-04-16 2014-04-16 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Spreizen eines Faserstrangs
DE102014105464.4 2014-04-16

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2015158483A1 true WO2015158483A1 (fr) 2015-10-22

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US (1) US20170037545A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP3132074B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2017528606A (fr)
DE (1) DE102014105464A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2015158483A1 (fr)

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CN106894139A (zh) * 2015-12-17 2017-06-27 聚合兴企业有限公司 碳纤维多轴向震动的展纱装置

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DE102016203603B3 (de) * 2016-03-04 2017-08-03 M & A - Dieterle GmbH Maschinen- und Apparatebau Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Rovingbands und/oder zum Herstellen eines faserverstärkten Verbundwerkstoffes
US10570536B1 (en) * 2016-11-14 2020-02-25 CFA Mills, Inc. Filament count reduction for carbon fiber tow
CN107723872A (zh) * 2017-11-14 2018-02-23 无锡市鼎麒新材料科技有限公司 一种干式超声波多股纤维展宽设备及其方法
TWI745790B (zh) * 2019-11-22 2021-11-11 財團法人工業技術研究院 展纖裝置
CN115074887B (zh) * 2022-08-22 2023-01-20 常州市新创智能科技有限公司 一种碳纤维定宽展纤系统及方法
CN115896995A (zh) * 2022-09-13 2023-04-04 东华大学 一种复丝碰撞频率可调的展丝装置与方法及用途
CN115418762A (zh) * 2022-09-13 2022-12-02 东华大学 棘轮式强化展丝辊表面振动而增加展丝功效的装置及用途

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EP3132074A1 (fr) 2017-02-22
DE102014105464A1 (de) 2015-10-22
JP2017528606A (ja) 2017-09-28
US20170037545A1 (en) 2017-02-09
EP3132074B1 (fr) 2018-11-14

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