WO2015146987A1 - 液晶表示素子、液晶配向膜及び液晶配向処理剤 - Google Patents
液晶表示素子、液晶配向膜及び液晶配向処理剤 Download PDFInfo
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- JREWFSHZWRKNBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine-2,3,4,5-tetracarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CN=C(C(O)=O)C(C(O)=O)=C1C(O)=O JREWFSHZWRKNBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 125000000467 secondary amino group Chemical group [H]N([*:1])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- HXOGQBSDPSMHJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy(6-methylheptyl)silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)CCCCCC(C)C HXOGQBSDPSMHJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DENFJSAFJTVPJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy(ethyl)silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](CC)(OCC)OCC DENFJSAFJTVPJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IJJXVFCJVQEXHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy(heptadecyl)silane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC IJJXVFCJVQEXHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OYGYKEULCAINCL-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy(hexadecyl)silane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC OYGYKEULCAINCL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CPUDPFPXCZDNGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy(methyl)silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](C)(OCC)OCC CPUDPFPXCZDNGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZJEYUFMTCHLQQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy(naphthalen-1-yl)silane Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C([Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC)=CC=CC2=C1 ZJEYUFMTCHLQQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HDYOCGKYEWQGDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy(nonadecyl)silane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC HDYOCGKYEWQGDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FHVAUDREWWXPRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy(pentyl)silane Chemical compound CCCCC[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC FHVAUDREWWXPRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JCVQKRGIASEUKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy(phenyl)silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)C1=CC=CC=C1 JCVQKRGIASEUKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NBXZNTLFQLUFES-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy(propyl)silane Chemical compound CCC[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC NBXZNTLFQLUFES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- JLGLQAWTXXGVEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol monomethyl ether Chemical compound COCCOCCOCCO JLGLQAWTXXGVEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ULAQISQDFQAUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trifluoromethanesulfonic acid hydroiodide Chemical compound I.OS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F ULAQISQDFQAUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SRPWOOOHEPICQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimellitic anhydride Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=C1 SRPWOOOHEPICQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000013638 trimer Substances 0.000 description 1
- JLGNHOJUQFHYEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy(3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCC(F)(F)F JLGNHOJUQFHYEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PPUHSHGIVZSPFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy(nonadecyl)silane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[Si](OC)(OC)OC PPUHSHGIVZSPFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NMEPHPOFYLLFTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy(octyl)silane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC[Si](OC)(OC)OC NMEPHPOFYLLFTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HQYALQRYBUJWDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy(propyl)silane Chemical compound CCC[Si](OC)(OC)OC HQYALQRYBUJWDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RKFOUDRIIBYXLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy-(1,1,2,3,3-pentafluoro-3-phenylpropyl)silane Chemical compound FC(C([Si](OC)(OC)OC)(F)F)C(C1=CC=CC=C1)(F)F RKFOUDRIIBYXLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DQZNLOXENNXVAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy-[2-(7-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptan-4-yl)ethyl]silane Chemical compound C1C(CC[Si](OC)(OC)OC)CCC2OC21 DQZNLOXENNXVAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KLNPWTHGTVSSEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N undecane-1,11-diamine Chemical compound NCCCCCCCCCCCN KLNPWTHGTVSSEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F2/00—Processes of polymerisation
- C08F2/46—Polymerisation initiated by wave energy or particle radiation
- C08F2/48—Polymerisation initiated by wave energy or particle radiation by ultraviolet or visible light
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1334—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods based on polymer dispersed liquid crystals, e.g. microencapsulated liquid crystals
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1334—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods based on polymer dispersed liquid crystals, e.g. microencapsulated liquid crystals
- G02F1/13347—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods based on polymer dispersed liquid crystals, e.g. microencapsulated liquid crystals working in reverse mode, i.e. clear in the off-state and scattering in the on-state
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
- G02F1/133711—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers by organic films, e.g. polymeric films
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
- G02F1/133711—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers by organic films, e.g. polymeric films
- G02F1/133719—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers by organic films, e.g. polymeric films with coupling agent molecules, e.g. silane
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
- G02F1/133742—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers for homeotropic alignment
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a transmission / scattering type liquid crystal display element that becomes transparent when no voltage is applied and is in a scattering state when a voltage is applied, a liquid crystal alignment film therefor, and a liquid crystal alignment treatment agent for forming the same.
- a TN (Twisted Nematic) mode has been put to practical use as a liquid crystal display element using a liquid crystal material.
- this mode light is switched by utilizing the optical rotation characteristics of the liquid crystal, and it is necessary to use a polarizing plate when used as a liquid crystal display element.
- the use efficiency of light becomes low by using a polarizing plate.
- As a liquid crystal display element having a high light utilization efficiency without using a polarizing plate there is a liquid crystal display element that switches between a liquid crystal transmission state (also referred to as a transparent state) and a scattering state.
- PDLC Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal
- PNLC Polymer network liquid crystals
- a liquid crystal display element using these includes a liquid crystal layer between a pair of substrates provided with electrodes, and a polymerizable compound that is polymerized by at least one of active energy rays and heat between the pair of substrates.
- the liquid crystal composition is disposed, and the liquid crystal composition is cured in a state where a part or the whole of the liquid crystal composition exhibits liquid crystallinity, and is manufactured through a process of forming a cured product composite of the liquid crystal and the polymerizable compound. It is a liquid crystal display element.
- This liquid crystal display element controls the transmission state and the scattering state of the liquid crystal by applying a voltage.
- liquid crystal display elements using PDLC and PNLC are in a cloudy (scattering) state because the liquid crystal molecules are in a random direction when no voltage is applied, and the liquid crystal is aligned in the electric field direction and transmits light when a voltage is applied.
- a transmissive state also referred to as a normal type element.
- this normal type element it is necessary to always apply a voltage in order to obtain a transmissive state, so when used in applications that are often used in a transparent state, such as a window glass, Power consumption will increase.
- a liquid crystal display element using PDLC (also referred to as a reverse type element) that is in a transmissive state when no voltage is applied and is in a scattering state when a voltage is applied to a normal element has been reported (for example, Patent Documents 1 and 2). reference).
- a liquid crystal alignment film (also referred to as a vertical liquid crystal alignment film) that aligns liquid crystal vertically is used.
- the vertical liquid crystal alignment film is a highly hydrophobic film, the adhesion between the liquid crystal layer and the liquid crystal alignment film is lowered. Therefore, a large amount of a polymerizable compound (also referred to as a curing agent) for improving the adhesion between the liquid crystal layer and the liquid crystal alignment film must be introduced into the liquid crystal composition used for the reverse type element.
- a polymerizable compound also referred to as a curing agent
- the vertical alignment of the liquid crystal is hindered, and the transparency when no voltage is applied and the scattering characteristics when a voltage is applied are greatly reduced. Therefore, the liquid crystal alignment film used for the reverse type element needs to have a high vertical alignment property of the liquid crystal.
- the liquid crystal alignment film mainly used is an organic film made of a polyimide polymer that is excellent in durability and suitable for controlling the pretilt angle of liquid crystal.
- This polyimide polymer is a polyimide obtained by imidizing polyamic acid and / or polyamic acid which is a polyimide precursor, and the liquid crystal alignment film is prepared from a liquid crystal alignment treatment agent using these polymers.
- a highly polar solvent such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (also referred to as NMP) is used because the solvent solubility of these polyimide polymers is low. Has been.
- These highly polar solvents have a high boiling point.
- NMP has a boiling point of 200 ° C. or higher. Therefore, in order to produce a liquid crystal alignment film using a liquid crystal alignment treatment agent using NMP as a solvent, in order to eliminate NMP remaining in the liquid crystal alignment film, at a high temperature of about 200 ° C. near the boiling point of NMP. Firing is required.
- the liquid crystal alignment treatment agent needs to have high wettability with respect to a glass substrate or a plastic substrate that is a substrate of the liquid crystal display element.
- the liquid crystal layer has high vertical alignment properties, good optical properties are obtained, the adhesion between the liquid crystal layer and the vertical liquid crystal alignment film is high, and the coating film uniformity of the vertical liquid crystal alignment film is high.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal display element in which alignment defects due to coating film defects such as pinholes are unlikely to occur. Furthermore, it aims at providing the liquid crystal aligning agent which can be baked at low temperature when producing the vertical liquid crystal aligning film used for a liquid crystal display element.
- the present inventor has found that a liquid crystal display element using a vertical liquid crystal alignment film obtained from a liquid crystal alignment treatment agent containing a solvent having a specific structure and a polymer having a side chain having a specific structure has the above object.
- the present invention has been found to be extremely effective for achieving the above. That is, the present invention has the following gist.
- a liquid crystal composition including a polymerizable compound having a liquid crystal layer between a pair of substrates provided with electrodes and polymerized by at least one of active energy rays and heat is disposed between the pair of substrates, The liquid crystal composition is cured in a state where at least one of the substrates has a liquid crystal alignment film that vertically aligns the liquid crystal, and a part or the whole of the liquid crystal composition exhibits liquid crystallinity, and the liquid crystal and the polymerizable compound
- the liquid crystal display element which consists of a liquid crystal aligning film obtained from the liquid crystal aligning agent containing the polymer which has at least 1 sort (s) chosen from the group which consists of structure shown by these.
- Y 1 represents a single bond, — (CH 2 ) a — (a represents an integer of 1 to 15), —O—, —CH 2 O—, —COO— and —OCO—.
- Y 2 represents a single bond or — (CH 2 ) b — (b represents an integer of 1 to 15)
- Y 3 represents a single bond, — (CH 2 ) c — (c is an integer of 1 to 15)
- Y 4 represents at least one cyclic group selected from a benzene ring, a cyclohexane ring and a heterocyclic ring.
- a divalent organic group having 17 to 51 carbon atoms having a steroid skeleton wherein any hydrogen atom on the cyclic group is an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, carbon
- a fluorine-containing alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, a fluorine-containing alkoxy group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms May be substituted with a fluorine atom
- Y 5 represents at least one cyclic group selected from benzene ring, cyclohexane ring and heterocyclic, any of hydrogen atoms on these cyclic groups, 1 to 4 carbon atoms May be substituted with an alkyl group having 1 to 3, an alkoxy group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, a fluorine-containing alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, a fluorine-containing alkoxy group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, or a fluorine atom, and n is
- Y 7 is a single bond, —O—, —CH 2 O—, —CONH—, —NHCO—, —CON (CH 3 ) —, —N (CH 3 ) CO—, —COO— and —OCO—.
- Y 8 represents an alkyl group having 8 to 22 carbon atoms or a fluorine-containing alkyl group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms.
- the solvent represented by the formula [1] is at least one solvent selected from 2-butanone, 3-pentanone, 4-methyl-2-pentanone and 2,6-dimethyl-4-heptanone.
- the polymer is obtained by using, as part of a raw material, a diamine having at least one side chain selected from the group consisting of the structures represented by the formulas [2-1] and [2-2].
- Y represents at least one structure selected from the group consisting of the structures represented by Formula [2-1] and Formula [2-2], and n represents an integer of 1 to 4.
- the polymer is at least one polymer selected from the group consisting of a polyimide precursor and a polyimide, obtained by using a second diamine represented by the following formula [3] as a part of the raw material.
- X is at least one selected from structures represented by the following formulas [3a] to [3d], and m represents an integer of 1 to 4.
- a represents an integer of 0 to 4
- b represents an integer of 0 to 4
- X 1 and X 2 are each independently Represents a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms
- X 3 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
- the polymer is at least one polymer selected from the group consisting of a polyimide precursor and a polyimide obtained by using a tetracarboxylic acid component represented by the following formula [4] as a part of the raw material.
- Z 1 to Z 4 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, a chlorine atom or a benzene ring, and in formula [4g], Z 5 and Z 6 are each independently Represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.
- the polymer is a polysiloxane obtained by polycondensation of an alkoxysilane represented by the following formula [A1], an alkoxysilane represented by the formula [A1] and the following formula [A2] or the formula [A3] At least selected from polysiloxanes obtained by polycondensation of alkoxysilanes containing at least one kind and polysiloxanes obtained by polycondensation of alkoxysilanes represented by formulas [A1], [A2] and [A3]
- the liquid crystal display element according to (3) which is one kind of polysiloxane.
- a 1 represents at least one structure selected from the group consisting of the structures represented by the formulas [2-1] and [2-2], and A 2 represents a hydrogen atom or a C 1-5 carbon atom.
- a 3 represents an alkyl group, A 3 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, m represents an integer of 1 or 2, n represents an integer of 0 to 2, and p represents an integer of 0 to 3. However, m + n + p represents an integer of 4.
- B 1 represents an organic group having 2 to 12 carbon atoms having at least one selected from a vinyl group, an epoxy group, an amino group, a mercapto group, an isocyanate group, a methacryl group, an acrylic group, a ureido group and a cinnamoyl group
- B 2 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms
- B 3 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms
- m represents an integer of 1 or 2
- n represents an integer of 0 to 2
- P represents an integer of 0 to 3 where m + n + p represents an integer of 4.
- D 1 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms
- D 2 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms
- n represents an integer of 0 to 3
- the liquid crystal alignment treatment agent contains at least one solvent selected from the group consisting of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone and ⁇ -butyrolactone.
- the liquid crystal display element according to any one of the above.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent is selected from the group consisting of 1-hexanol, cyclohexanol, 1,2-ethanediol, 1,2-propanediol, propylene glycol monobutyl ether, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether and dipropylene glycol dimethyl ether.
- the liquid crystal display device according to any one of the above (1) to (9), which contains at least one solvent.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent includes at least one solvent selected from the group consisting of cyclopentanone, cyclohexanone and solvents represented by the following formulas [S1] to [S3].
- the liquid crystal display element according to any one of the above.
- T 1 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms
- T 2 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms
- T 3 represents Represents an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- the liquid crystal alignment treatment agent contains at least one generator selected from the group consisting of a photo radical generator, a photo acid generator and a photo base generator.
- liquid crystal aligning agent contains at least one compound selected from the group consisting of compounds having structures represented by the following formulas [M1] to [M8]
- a liquid crystal display element according to claim 1. (In Formula [M4], W 1 represents a hydrogen atom or a benzene ring, and in Formula [M7], W 2 represents at least one cyclic group selected from a benzene ring, a cyclohexane ring, and a heterocyclic ring, 3 represents one selected from an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, a fluorine-containing alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, and a fluorine-containing alkoxy group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent has at least one substituent selected from the group consisting of an epoxy group, an isocyanate group, an oxetane group, a cyclocarbonate group, a hydroxy group, a hydroxyalkyl group, and a lower alkoxyalkyl group.
- the liquid crystal display element of the present invention uses a vertical alignment film obtained from a liquid crystal aligning agent containing a solvent having a specific structure and a polymer having a side chain having a specific structure, so that the liquid crystal display device has high vertical alignment properties and good optical properties. Characteristics, high adhesion between the liquid crystal layer and the vertical liquid crystal alignment film, alignment defects due to coating failure such as repellency and pinholes are less likely to occur, especially in the transmission state when no voltage is applied, and when a voltage is applied
- the liquid crystal display can be suitably used for a reverse-type element that is in a scattering state, and can also be used as a liquid crystal display for display, and also as a light control window or an optical shutter element for controlling transmission and blocking of light. Furthermore, a plastic substrate can be used as the substrate because the vertical liquid crystal alignment film can be fired at a low temperature.
- the present invention has a liquid crystal layer between a pair of substrates provided with electrodes, and a liquid crystal composition containing a polymerizable compound that is polymerized by at least one of active energy rays and heat between the pair of substrates. Further, at least one of the substrates has a liquid crystal alignment film that aligns the liquid crystal vertically, and the liquid crystal composition is cured in a state where a part or the whole of the liquid crystal composition exhibits liquid crystal properties,
- the liquid crystal alignment film contains a solvent represented by the above formula [1] (also referred to as a specific solvent), and the above formula [2-1 ]
- Liquid crystal alignment film It is a crystal display element.
- the liquid crystal display element of the present invention can be suitably used mainly for a reverse element that is in a transmissive state when no voltage is applied and is in a scattering state when a voltage is applied. Since the specific solvent used in the present invention has a boiling point lower than that of a solvent used in a conventional liquid crystal alignment treatment agent, for example, NMP, the baking step for producing a liquid crystal alignment film can be performed at a low temperature.
- the specific solvent has a low viscosity as a solvent
- the liquid crystal alignment treatment agent using the specific solvent has high wettability and liquid crystal excellent in coating film uniformity.
- An alignment film can be obtained.
- the liquid crystal alignment film used for the reverse type element needs to increase the vertical alignment of the liquid crystal, it is necessary to introduce a large number of hydrophobic side groups into the polymer used for the liquid crystal alignment treatment agent for producing the liquid crystal alignment film. There is. For this reason, the liquid crystal alignment treatment agent used in the production of the present element tends to have low wettability of the liquid crystal alignment treatment agent, but can be improved by using the specific solvent of the present invention.
- the structure of the formula [2-1] has a divalent organic group having 17 to 51 carbon atoms having a benzene ring, a cyclohexane ring, a heterocyclic ring, or a steroid skeleton at the side chain site. Since the side chain structure of these rings and organic groups shows a rigid structure, it is high and stable in a reverse type device using a vertical liquid crystal alignment film having a specific side chain structure represented by the formula [2-1]. The vertical alignment of the liquid crystal can be obtained.
- the liquid crystal has high vertical alignment properties and good optical characteristics. Furthermore, a liquid crystal display element having high adhesion between the liquid crystal layer and the vertical liquid crystal alignment film can be obtained.
- the liquid crystal alignment treatment agent of the present invention it is possible to obtain a liquid crystal display element in which the coating film uniformity of the vertical liquid crystal alignment film is high and alignment defects due to coating film defects such as repellency and pinholes are unlikely to occur. it can.
- the liquid crystal display element of the present invention can be suitably used for a reverse type element that is in a transmissive state when no voltage is applied and is in a scattered state when a voltage is applied. It can be used as a light control window or an optical shutter element for controlling transmission and blocking.
- a plastic substrate can be used as the substrate because the vertical liquid crystal alignment film can be fired at a low temperature.
- the liquid crystal display element of the present invention has a liquid crystal layer between a pair of substrates provided with electrodes, and includes a polymerizable compound that is polymerized by at least one of active energy rays and heat between the pair of substrates.
- the liquid crystal composition is disposed in a state where at least one of the substrates has a liquid crystal alignment film that aligns the liquid crystal vertically and part or all of the liquid crystal composition exhibits liquid crystallinity. It is manufactured through a step of forming a cured product complex of liquid crystal and a polymerizable compound, and can be suitably used for a reverse type element that is in a transmission state when no voltage is applied and is in a scattering state when a voltage is applied.
- the specific solvent is represented by the following formula [1].
- S 1 and S 2 each independently represents an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- Formula [1] is preferably at least one selected from 2-butanone, 3-pentanone, 4-methyl-2-pentanone and 2,6-dimethyl-4-heptanone.
- the specific solvent may be one or more types depending on the solubility of the specific polymer, the vertical alignment of the liquid crystal when the vertical liquid crystal alignment film is formed, and the characteristics such as the optical characteristics of the liquid crystal display element. Can be mixed and used.
- the liquid crystal display element of the present invention is an element having a vertical liquid crystal alignment film that vertically aligns liquid crystal on at least one of the substrates.
- the vertical liquid crystal alignment film is obtained from a liquid crystal aligning agent containing a specific polymer having the structure of the following formula [2-1] or formula [2-2].
- Y 1 represents at least one selected from a single bond, — (CH 2 ) a — (a is an integer of 1 to 15), —O—, —CH 2 O—, —COO— and —OCO—. .
- a single bond — (CH 2 ) a — (a is an integer of 1 to 15), —O—, —CH 2 O— or —COO. -Is preferred. More preferred is a single bond, — (CH 2 ) a — (a is an integer of 1 to 10), —O—, —CH 2 O— or —COO—.
- Y 2 represents a single bond or — (CH 2 ) b — (b represents an integer of 1 to 15). Of these, a single bond or — (CH 2 ) b — (b represents an integer of 1 to 10) is preferable.
- Y 3 represents a single bond, — (CH 2 ) c — (c represents an integer of 1 to 15), at least one selected from —O—, —CH 2 O—, —COO— and —OCO—. .
- a single bond, — (CH 2 ) c — (c represents an integer of 1 to 15), —O—, —CH 2 O— or —COO— is preferable from the viewpoint of ease of synthesis. More preferred is a single bond, — (CH 2 ) c — (c represents an integer of 1 to 10), —O—, —CH 2 O— or —COO—.
- Y 4 represents at least one cyclic group selected from a benzene ring, a cyclohexane ring, and a heterocyclic ring, and an arbitrary hydrogen atom on these cyclic groups is an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms or an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms. It may be substituted with an alkoxy group, a fluorine-containing alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, a fluorine-containing alkoxy group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, or a fluorine atom.
- Y 4 may be a divalent organic group selected from organic groups having 17 to 51 carbon atoms having a steroid skeleton. Among these, an organic group having 17 to 51 carbon atoms having a benzene ring, a cyclohexane ring or a steroid skeleton is preferable from the viewpoint of ease of synthesis.
- Y 5 represents at least one cyclic group selected from a benzene ring, a cyclohexane ring, and a heterocyclic ring, and an arbitrary hydrogen atom on these cyclic groups is an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, or 1 to 3 carbon atoms. Or a fluorine-containing alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, a fluorine-containing alkoxy group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, or a fluorine atom. Of these, a benzene ring or a cyclohexane ring is preferable.
- n represents an integer of 0 to 4. Among these, 0 to 3 are preferable from the viewpoint of availability of raw materials and ease of synthesis. More preferred is 0-2.
- Y 6 represents one selected from an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, a fluorine-containing alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, and a fluorine-containing alkoxy group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms.
- an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, a fluorine-containing alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, or a fluorine-containing alkoxy group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms is preferable.
- An alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms or an alkoxy group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms is more preferable, and an alkyl group having 1 to 9 carbon atoms or an alkoxy group having 1 to 9 carbon atoms is particularly preferable.
- Y 1 , Y 2 , Y 3 , Y 4 , Y 5 , Y 6 and n in the formula [2-1] are from International Publication No. WO2011 / 132751 (published 2011.10.27)
- the same combinations as (2-1) to (2-629) listed in Table 6 to Table 47 on page 34 can be mentioned.
- Y 1 to Y 6 in the present invention are shown as Y 1 to Y 6 , but Y 1 to Y 6 are read as Y 1 to Y 6 .
- the organic group having 17 to 51 carbon atoms having a steroid skeleton in the present invention has 12 to 20 carbon atoms having a steroid skeleton.
- An organic group having 12 to 25 carbon atoms having a steroid skeleton is to be read as an organic group having 17 to 51 carbon atoms having a steroid skeleton.
- Y 7 is selected from a single bond, —O—, —CH 2 O—, —CONH—, —NHCO—, —CON (CH 3 ) —, —N (CH 3 ) CO—, —COO— and —OCO—.
- a single bond, —O—, —CH 2 O—, —CONH—, —CON (CH 3 ) — or —COO— is preferable. More preferably, they are a single bond, —O—, —CONH— or —COO—.
- Y 8 represents an alkyl group having 8 to 22 carbon atoms or a fluorine-containing alkyl group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms. Of these, an alkyl group having 8 to 18 carbon atoms is preferable.
- the specific side chain structure it is preferable to use the specific side chain structure represented by the formula [2-1] from the viewpoint that a high and stable liquid crystal vertical alignment can be obtained.
- the specific polymer having a specific side chain structure is not particularly limited, but is selected from the group consisting of acrylic polymer, methacrylic polymer, novolac resin, polyhydroxystyrene, polyimide precursor, polyimide, polyamide, polyester, cellulose and polysiloxane.
- the polymer is at least one polymer.
- a polyimide precursor, polyimide or polysiloxane is preferable.
- a polyimide precursor or a polyimide also collectively referred to as a polyimide polymer
- they are a polyimide precursor or a polyimide obtained by reacting a diamine component and a tetracarboxylic acid component.
- a polyimide precursor or a polyimide obtained by reacting a diamine component and a tetracarboxylic acid component.
- a polyimide polymer also collectively referred to as a polyimide polymer
- the polyimide precursor has a structure represented by the following formula [A].
- R 1 is a tetravalent organic group
- R 2 is a divalent organic group
- a 1 and A 2 represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, and each may be the same.
- a 3 and A 4 may be different and each represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms or an acetyl group, which may be the same or different, and n represents a positive integer.
- the diamine component is a diamine having two primary or secondary amino groups in the molecule
- the tetracarboxylic acid component includes a tetracarboxylic acid compound, a tetracarboxylic dianhydride, a tetracarboxylic acid dihalide compound, A tetracarboxylic acid dialkyl ester compound or a tetracarboxylic acid dialkyl ester dihalide compound may be mentioned.
- the polyimide polymer of the present invention can be obtained relatively easily by using a tetracarboxylic dianhydride represented by the following formula [B] and a diamine represented by the following formula [C] as raw materials.
- Polyamic acid having a structural formula of a repeating unit represented by the following formula [D] or polyimide obtained by imidizing the polyamic acid is preferable.
- a polyimide for the specific polyimide-type polymer of this invention from the point of the physical and chemical stability of a vertical liquid crystal aligning film.
- a diamine having the specific side chain structure As a method for introducing the specific side chain structure into the polyimide polymer, it is preferable to use a diamine having the specific side chain structure as a part of the raw material.
- a diamine of the following formula [2] (also referred to as a specific side chain diamine) is preferable.
- Y is a structure represented by Formula [2-1] or Formula [2-2].
- the structure represented by the formula [2-1] is preferable from the viewpoint of obtaining high and stable liquid crystal vertical alignment.
- n represents an integer of 1 to 4. Among these, an integer of 1 is preferable.
- Y 1 represents at least one selected from a single bond, — (CH 2 ) a — (a is an integer of 1 to 15), —O—, —CH 2 O—, —COO— and —OCO—. .
- a single bond from the viewpoint of availability of raw materials and ease of synthesis, a single bond, — (CH 2 ) a — (a is an integer of 1 to 15), —O—, —CH 2 O— or —COO.
- More preferred is a single bond, — (CH 2 ) a — (a is an integer of 1 to 10), —O—, —CH 2 O— or —COO—.
- Y 2 represents a single bond or — (CH 2 ) b — (b represents an integer of 1 to 15). Of these, a single bond or — (CH 2 ) b — (b represents an integer of 1 to 10) is preferable.
- Y 3 represents a single bond, — (CH 2 ) c — (c represents an integer of 1 to 15), at least one selected from —O—, —CH 2 O—, —COO— and —OCO—. .
- a single bond, — (CH 2 ) c — (c represents an integer of 1 to 15), —O—, —CH 2 O— or —COO— is preferable from the viewpoint of ease of synthesis. More preferred is a single bond, — (CH 2 ) c — (c represents an integer of 1 to 10), —O—, —CH 2 O— or —COO—.
- Y 4 represents at least one cyclic group selected from a benzene ring, a cyclohexane ring, and a heterocyclic ring, and an arbitrary hydrogen atom on these cyclic groups is an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms or an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms. It may be substituted with an alkoxy group, a fluorine-containing alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, a fluorine-containing alkoxy group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, or a fluorine atom.
- Y 4 may be a divalent organic group selected from organic groups having 17 to 51 carbon atoms having a steroid skeleton. Among these, an organic group having 17 to 51 carbon atoms having a benzene ring, a cyclohexane ring or a steroid skeleton is preferable from the viewpoint of ease of synthesis.
- Y 5 represents at least one cyclic group selected from a benzene ring, a cyclohexane ring, and a heterocyclic ring, and an arbitrary hydrogen atom on these cyclic groups is an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, or 1 to 3 carbon atoms. Or a fluorine-containing alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, a fluorine-containing alkoxy group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, or a fluorine atom. Of these, a benzene ring or a cyclohexane ring is preferable.
- n represents an integer of 0 to 4. Among these, 0 to 3 are preferable from the viewpoint of availability of raw materials and ease of synthesis. More preferred is 0-2.
- Y 6 represents one selected from an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, a fluorine-containing alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, and a fluorine-containing alkoxy group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms.
- an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, a fluorine-containing alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, or a fluorine-containing alkoxy group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms is preferable.
- An alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms or an alkoxy group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms is more preferable, and an alkyl group having 1 to 9 carbon atoms or an alkoxy group having 1 to 9 carbon atoms is particularly preferable.
- Y 1 , Y 2 , Y 3 , Y 4 , Y 5 , Y 6 and n in the formula [2-1a] are from International Publication No. WO2011 / 132751 (published 2011.10.27)
- the same combinations as (2-1) to (2-629) listed in Table 6 to Table 47 on page 34 can be mentioned.
- Y 1 to Y 6 in the present invention are shown as Y 1 to Y 6 , but Y 1 to Y 6 are read as Y 1 to Y 6 .
- the organic group having 17 to 51 carbon atoms having a steroid skeleton in the present invention has 12 to 20 carbon atoms having a steroid skeleton.
- An organic group having 12 to 25 carbon atoms having a steroid skeleton is to be read as an organic group having 17 to 51 carbon atoms having a steroid skeleton.
- (2-25) to (2-96), (2-145) to (2-168), (2-217) to (2-240), (2-268) to (2-315) , (2-364) to (2-387), (2-436) to (2-483), or (2-603) to (2-615) are preferred.
- Particularly preferred combinations are (2-49) to (2-96), (2-145) to (2-168), (2-217) to (2-240), (2-603) to (2- 606), (2-607) to (2-609), (2-611), (2-612) or (2-624).
- m is an integer of 1 to 4.
- it is an integer of 1.
- R 1 independently represents at least one linking group selected from —O—, —OCH 2 —, —CH 2 O—, —COOCH 2 —, and —CH 2 OCO—
- R 2 represents , Each independently containing a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms, a linear or branched alkoxy group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms, or a linear or branched fluorine group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms Represents an alkyl group or a linear or branched fluorine-containing alkoxy group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms.
- R 3 is each independently —COO—, —OCO—, —CONH—, —NHCO—, —COOCH 2 —, —CH 2 OCO—, —CH 2 O—, —OCH 2 — and —CH 2 represents at least one linking group selected from-, and each R 4 independently represents a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms or a linear or branched group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms.
- R 5 each independently represents —COO—, —OCO—, —CONH—, —NHCO—, —COOCH 2 —, —CH 2 OCO—, —CH 2 O—, —OCH 2 —, —CH 2 represents at least one linking group selected from —O— and —NH—
- each R 6 independently represents a fluorine group, a cyano group, a trifluoromethane group, a nitro group, an azo group, a formyl group, It represents at least one selected from an acetyl group, an acetoxy group and a hydroxyl group.
- R 7 independently represents a linear or branched alkyl group having 3 to 12 carbon atoms, and the cis-trans isomerism of 1,4-cyclohexylene represents a trans isomer.
- R 8 independently represents a linear or branched alkyl group having 3 to 12 carbon atoms, and the cis-trans isomerism of 1,4-cyclohexylene represents a trans isomer.
- a 4 represents a linear or branched alkyl group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms which may be substituted with a fluorine atom
- a 3 represents a 1,4-cyclohexylene group or a 1,4-phenylene group.
- a 2 represents an oxygen atom or —COO— * (where a bond marked with “*” is bonded to A 3 )
- a 1 represents an oxygen atom or —COO— * (where “*” represents The attached bond is bonded to (CH 2 ) a 2 ). Further, a 1 represents an integer of 0 or 1, a 2 represents an integer of 2 ⁇ 10, a 3 represents an integer of 0 or 1. )
- Diamines having particularly preferred structures include those represented by formula [2a-1] to formula [2a-6], formula [2a-9] to formula [2a-13], formula [2a-22] to formula [2a-31], etc. Diamine.
- diamines of the following formulas [2a-32] to [2a-35] are preferably used.
- a 1 independently represents an alkyl group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms or a fluorine-containing alkyl group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms).
- the specific side chain type diamine is preferably 10 mol% or more and 80 mol% or less of the entire diamine component from the viewpoint of the vertical alignment of the liquid crystal in the liquid crystal display element and the adhesion between the liquid crystal layer and the vertical liquid crystal alignment film. More preferably, it is 10 mol% or more and 70 mol% or less.
- the specific side chain type diamine is one type depending on the solubility of the polyimide polymer in the solvent, the vertical alignment property of the liquid crystal when the vertical liquid crystal alignment film is formed, and the characteristics such as the optical characteristics of the liquid crystal display element. Or 2 or more types can be mixed and used.
- X represents at least one selected from structures represented by the following formulas [3a] to [3d].
- a represents an integer of 0 to 4. Especially, the integer of 0 or 1 is preferable from the point of the availability of a raw material or the ease of a synthesis
- b represents an integer of 0 to 4. Especially, the integer of 0 or 1 is preferable from the point of the availability of a raw material or the ease of a synthesis
- X 1 and X 2 each independently represents a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms.
- X 3 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
- m represents an integer of 1 to 4. Among these, an integer of 1 is preferable.
- the second diamine include the following diamines. 2,4-dimethyl-m-phenylenediamine, 2,6-diaminotoluene, 2,4-diaminophenol, 3,5-diaminophenol, 3,5-diaminobenzyl alcohol, 2,4-diaminobenzyl alcohol, 4, Examples include 6-diaminoresorcinol, 2,4-diaminobenzoic acid, 2,5-diaminobenzoic acid, 3,5-diaminobenzoic acid, and the like.
- diamines having structures represented by the following formulas [3-1] to [3-6] can be given.
- 2,4-diaminophenol, 3,5-diaminophenol, 3,5-diaminobenzyl alcohol, 2,4-diaminobenzyl alcohol, 4,6-diaminoresorcinol, 2,4-diamino Preference is given to using benzoic acid, 2,5-diaminobenzoic acid, 3,5-diaminobenzoic acid, diamines of the formula [3-1], formula [3-2] or formula [3-3].
- 2,4-diaminophenol, 3,5-diaminophenol, 3,5-diaminobenzyl alcohol, 3,5-diaminobenzoic acid represented by formula [3-1] or formula [3-2] Diamine.
- the second diamine improves the solubility of the polyimide polymer of the present invention in the solvent, the vertical alignment of the liquid crystal when the vertical liquid crystal alignment film is formed, and the optical characteristics of the liquid crystal display element of the present invention.
- one or a mixture of two or more can be used.
- a diamine component when a polyimide polymer is used for the specific polymer a diamine other than the specific side chain diamine represented by the formula [2] and the second diamine represented by the formula [3] (also referred to as other diamine). Can also be used as the diamine component. Specific examples of other diamines are shown below, but are not limited to these examples.
- diamines represented by the following formulas [DA1] to [DA11] can be used.
- p represents an integer of 1 to 10.
- n represents an integer of 1 to 5.
- a 1 is a single bond, —CH 2 —, —C 2 H 4 —, —C (CH 3 ) 2 —, —CF 2 —, —C (CF 3 ) 2 —, —O —, —CO—, —NH—, —N (CH 3 ) —, —CONH—, —NHCO—, —CH 2 O—, —OCH 2 —, —COO—, —OCO—, —CON (CH 3 ) — And —N (CH 3 ) CO— each represents a bonding group selected from the group consisting of m 1 and m 2 each independently representing an integer of 0 to 4, and m 1 + m 2 is 1
- m 3 and m 4 each independently represent an integer of 1 to 5
- a 2 is a straight chain having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
- m 5 represents an integer of 1 to 5
- a 3 represents a single bond, —CH 2 —, —C 2 H 4 —, —C (CH 3 ) 2 —, —CF 2 —, —C (CF 3 ) 2 —, —O—, —CO—, —NH—, —N (CH 3 ) —, —CONH—, —NHCO—, — M 6 represents 1 at least one linking group selected from CH 2 O—, —OCH 2 —, —COO—, —OCO—, —CON (CH 3 ) — and —N (CH 3 ) CO—. Indicates an integer of ⁇ 4.)
- diamines represented by the following formula [DA12] can be used as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired.
- a 1 is —O—, —NH—, —N (CH 3 ) —, —CONH—, —NHCO—, —CH 2 O—, —OCO—, —CON (CH 3 ) — and —N (CH 3 )
- a 3 represents a single bond, —O—, —NH—, —N (CH 3 ) —, —CONH—, —NHCO—, —COO—, —OCO—, —CON (CH 3 ) —, —N (CH 3 ) CO— and —O (CH 2 ) m — (m is an integer of 1 to 5), and A 4 represents a nitrogen-containing aromatic group. Represents a heterocyclic ring, and n represents an integer of 1 to 4.
- diamines represented by the following formulas [DA13] and [DA14] can be used.
- Other diamines depend on the solubility of the polyimide polymer of the present invention in the solvent, the vertical alignment of the liquid crystal when the vertical liquid crystal alignment film is formed, and the characteristics such as the optical characteristics of the liquid crystal display element of the present invention. 1 type (s) or 2 or more types can be mixed and used.
- the tetracarboxylic acid component in the case where a polyimide polymer is used as the specific polymer is a tetracarboxylic dianhydride represented by the following formula [4] or a tetracarboxylic acid or tetracarboxylic acid dihalide compound thereof. It is preferable to use a tetracarboxylic acid dialkyl ester compound or a tetracarboxylic acid dialkyl ester dihalide compound (all collectively referred to as a specific tetracarboxylic acid component) as a part of the raw material.
- Z represents at least one structure selected from the following formulas [4a] to [4k].
- Z 1 to Z 4 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, a chlorine atom or a benzene ring.
- Z 5 and Z 6 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.
- Z in the formula [4] is represented by the formula [4a], the formula [4c], the formula [4], from the viewpoint of ease of synthesis and polymerization reactivity when producing a polymer.
- 4d] Formula [4e], Formula [4f], or Formula [4g] is preferable.
- the formula [4a], the formula [4e], the formula [4f] or the formula [4g] is more preferable, and the formula [4e], the formula [4f] or the formula [4g] is particularly preferable.
- the specific tetracarboxylic acid component is preferably 1 mol% or more, more preferably 5 mol% or more, and particularly preferably 10 mol% or more in the total tetracarboxylic acid component.
- Z of Formula [4] uses the specific tetracarboxylic acid component which is the structure of Formula [4e], Formula [4f], or Formula [4g]
- the usage-amount is 20 mol of the whole tetracarboxylic acid component. % Or more is preferable. More preferably, it is 30 mol% or more.
- all of the tetracarboxylic acid component may be a tetracarboxylic acid component having a structure of the formula [4e], the formula [4f], or the formula [4g].
- tetracarboxylic acid components other than the specific tetracarboxylic acid component can be used as the tetracarboxylic acid component in the case where the polyimide polymer is used as the specific polymer as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired.
- examples of other tetracarboxylic acid components include the following tetracarboxylic acid compounds, tetracarboxylic dianhydrides, dicarboxylic acid dihalide compounds, dicarboxylic acid dialkyl ester compounds, and dialkyl ester dihalide compounds.
- tetracarboxylic acid components include pyromellitic acid, 2,3,6,7-naphthalenetetracarboxylic acid, 1,2,5,6-naphthalenetetracarboxylic acid, 1,4,5,8-naphthalenetetracarboxylic acid Acid, 2,3,6,7-anthracenetetracarboxylic acid, 1,2,5,6-anthracenetetracarboxylic acid, 3,3 ′, 4,4′-biphenyltetracarboxylic acid, 2,3,3 ′, 4′-biphenyltetracarboxylic acid, bis (3,4-dicarboxyphenyl) ether, 3,3 ′, 4,4′-benzophenonetetracarboxylic acid, bis (3,4-dicarboxyphenyl) sulfone, bis (3 , 4-dicarboxyphenyl) methane, 2,2-bis (3,4-dicarboxyphenyl) propane, 1,1,1,3,3,3-hex
- the specific tetracarboxylic acid component and other tetracarboxylic acid components include solubility of the polyimide polymer in the solvent, vertical alignment of the liquid crystal when the vertical liquid crystal alignment film is formed, and optical characteristics of the liquid crystal display element. Depending on the characteristics, one or a mixture of two or more can be used.
- the method for producing this polyimide polymer is not particularly limited, but usually a method for producing a diamine component and a tetracarboxylic acid component is known. . That is, it is a method of obtaining a polyamic acid by reacting at least one tetracarboxylic acid component selected from the group consisting of tetracarboxylic acids and derivatives thereof with a diamine component consisting of one or more diamines.
- a method of obtaining polyamic acid by polycondensation of tetracarboxylic dianhydride and primary or secondary diamine, and dehydration polycondensation reaction of tetracarboxylic acid and primary or secondary diamine is obtained, or a dicarboxylic acid dihalide and a primary or secondary diamine are polycondensed to obtain a polyamic acid.
- a tetracarboxylic acid obtained by dialkyl esterifying a carboxylic acid group and a primary or secondary diamine are polycondensed, and a dicarboxylic acid dihalide obtained by dialkyl esterifying a carboxylic acid group and primary or A method of polycondensation with a secondary diamine or a method of converting a carboxyl group of a polyamic acid into an ester is used.
- polyimide a method is used in which the polyamic acid or polyamic acid alkyl ester is cyclized to form polyimide.
- the reaction of the diamine component and the tetracarboxylic acid component is usually performed in a solvent.
- the solvent used in that case is not particularly limited as long as the specific solvent of the present invention and the generated polyimide precursor are dissolved. Although the specific example of the solvent used for reaction below is given, it is not limited to these examples.
- the specific solvent of the present invention N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone or ⁇ -butyrolactone, N, N-dimethylformamide, N, N-dimethylacetamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, 1,3-dimethyl -Imidazolidinone, cyclohexanone, cyclopentanone, 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone and the like.
- these may be used alone or in combination.
- even a solvent that does not dissolve the polyimide precursor may be used by mixing with the above solvent as long as the generated polyimide precursor does not precipitate.
- water in the solvent inhibits the polymerization reaction and further causes hydrolysis of the produced polyimide precursor, it is preferable to use a dehydrated and dried solvent.
- the polymerization temperature can be selected from -20 to 150 ° C., but is preferably in the range of ⁇ 5 to 100 ° C.
- the reaction can be carried out at any concentration, but if the concentration is too low, it is difficult to obtain a high molecular weight polymer, and if the concentration is too high, the viscosity of the reaction solution becomes too high and uniform stirring is difficult. It becomes. Therefore, it is preferably 1 to 50% by mass, more preferably 5 to 30% by mass.
- the initial reaction can be carried out at a high concentration, and then a solvent can be added.
- the ratio of the total number of moles of the diamine component to the total number of moles of the tetracarboxylic acid component is preferably 0.8 to 1.2. The closer the molar ratio is to 1.0, the higher the molecular weight of the polyimide precursor produced.
- the imidization ratio of polyimide (the ring closure ratio of amic acid groups) is not necessarily 100%, and can be arbitrarily adjusted according to the application and purpose. Examples of the method for imidizing the polyimide precursor include thermal imidization in which the polyimide precursor solution is heated as it is or catalyst imidization in which a catalyst is added to the polyimide precursor solution.
- the temperature is 100 to 400 ° C., preferably 120 to 250 ° C., and it is preferable to carry out while removing water generated by the imidation reaction from the system.
- the catalyst imidation of the polyimide precursor can be performed by adding a basic catalyst and an acid anhydride to the polyimide precursor solution and stirring at -20 to 250 ° C, preferably 0 to 180 ° C.
- the amount of the basic catalyst is 0.5 to 30 mol times, preferably 2 to 20 mol times of the amic acid group, and the amount of the acid anhydride is 1 to 50 mol times, preferably 3 to 30 mol of the amido acid group. Is double.
- the basic catalyst include pyridine, triethylamine, trimethylamine, tributylamine, trioctylamine and the like. Among them, pyridine is preferable because it has an appropriate basicity for proceeding with the reaction.
- Examples of the acid anhydride include acetic anhydride, trimellitic anhydride, pyromellitic anhydride, and the like. Among them, use of acetic anhydride is preferable because purification after completion of the reaction is facilitated.
- the imidization rate by catalytic imidation can be controlled by adjusting the amount of catalyst, reaction temperature, and reaction time.
- the reaction solution may be poured into a solvent and precipitated.
- the solvent used for precipitation include methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, acetone, hexane, butyl cellosolve, heptane, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, toluene, benzene, and water.
- the polymer precipitated in the solvent can be recovered by filtration, and then dried at normal temperature or under reduced pressure at room temperature or by heating.
- the molecular weight of the polyimide polymer is 5 in terms of weight average molecular weight measured by GPC (Gel Permeation Chromatography) method in consideration of the strength of the vertical liquid crystal alignment film obtained therefrom, workability at the time of forming the vertical film, and coating properties. It is preferably from 1,000 to 1,000,000, more preferably from 10,000 to 150,000.
- polysiloxane obtained by polycondensation of alkoxysilane represented by the following formula [A1], alkoxysilane represented by the formula [A1] and the following formula [A2] or formula [A3]
- a polysiloxane obtained by polycondensation of an alkoxysilane represented by the formula [A1], formula [A2] and formula [A3] It is preferable that any one of them is also collectively referred to as a polysiloxane polymer).
- a 1 represents at least one structure selected from the group consisting of Formula [2-1] and Formula [2-2]. Among them, the structure represented by the formula [2-1] is preferable from the viewpoint that a highly stable vertical alignment of liquid crystal can be obtained.
- Y 1 , Y 2 , Y 3 , Y 4 , Y 5 , Y 6 and n in the formula [2-1] are from International Publication No. WO2011 / 132751 (published 2011.10.27)
- the same combinations as (2-1) to (2-629) listed in Table 6 to Table 47 on page 3 can be mentioned.
- Y 1 to Y 6 in the present invention are shown as Y 1 to Y 6 , but Y 1 to Y 6 are read as Y 1 to Y 6 .
- the organic group having 17 to 51 carbon atoms having a steroid skeleton in the present invention has 12 to 20 carbon atoms having a steroid skeleton.
- An organic group having 12 to 25 carbon atoms having a steroid skeleton is to be read as an organic group having 17 to 51 carbon atoms having a steroid skeleton.
- a 2 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms. Of these, a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms is preferable.
- a 3 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms. Of these, alkyl groups having 1 to 3 carbon atoms are preferred from the viewpoint of polycondensation reactivity.
- m represents an integer of 1 or 2. Among these, 1 is preferable from the viewpoint of synthesis.
- n represents an integer of 0-2.
- p represents an integer of 0 to 3. Among these, an integer of 1 to 3 is preferable from the viewpoint of polycondensation reactivity. More preferably, it is 2 or 3.
- m + n + p represents an integer of 4.
- alkoxysilane of the formula [A1] having the specific side chain structure of the formula [2-1] include alkoxysilanes of the following formulas [A1-1] to [A1-32].
- R 1 , R 3 , R 5 and R 7 each independently represents an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms
- R 2 , R 4 , R 6 and R 8 are each independently an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms
- m is independently 2 or 3
- n is independently 0 or 1.
- R 1 , R 3 , R 5 and R 7 each independently represents an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms;
- R 2 , R 4 , R 6 and R 8 are each independently an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, m is independently 2 or 3, and n is independently 0 or 1.
- R 1 , R 3 , R 5 and R 7 each independently represents an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms
- R 2 , R 4 , R 6 and R 8 are each independently an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms
- m is independently 2 or 3
- n is independently 0 or 1.
- R 1 , R 3 , R 5 and R 7 each independently represents an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms;
- R 2 , R 4 , R 6 and R 8 are each independently an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, m is independently 2 or 3, and n is independently 0 or 1.
- R 1 and R 3 each independently represent an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms
- R 2 and R 4 each independently represent Represents an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms
- m independently represents 2 or 3
- n independently represents 0 or 1.
- R 1 , R 5 , R 9 and R 13 each independently represents an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms
- R 2 , R 6 , R 10 and R 14 each independently represents an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms
- R 3 , R 7 , R 11 and R 15 each independently represent —O—, —COO—, —OCO—, —CONH—, —NHCO—, —CON (CH 3 ) —, —N (CH 3 ) CO—, —OCH 2 —, —CH 2 O—, —COOCH 2 — and —CH 2 OCO—
- R 4 , R 8 , R 12 and R 16 are each independently an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, or a carbon number.
- 1-12 fluorine-containing alkyl group or 1-12 carbon-containing fluorine-containing alcohol M represents each independently 2 or 3, n independently represents 0 or 1, and 1,4- in the formulas [A1-20] to [A1-22]
- the cis-trans isomerism of cyclohexylene represents the trans isomer.
- R 1 and R 5 each independently represents an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms
- R 2 and R 6 each independently represent Represents an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms
- R 3 and R 7 are each independently —O—, —COO—, —OCO—, —CONH—, —NHCO—, —CON (CH 3 ).
- At least one linking group selected from —, —N (CH 3 ) CO—, —OCH 2 —, —CH 2 O—, —COOCH 2 — and —CH 2 OCO—, wherein R 4 and R 8 are Each independently of an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, a fluorine-containing alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, a fluorine-containing alkoxy group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, a fluorine group, Group, trifluoromethane group, nitro group, azo group, And at least one organic group selected from the group consisting of a ru group, an acetyl group, an acetoxy group and a hydroxyl group, m independently represents 2 or 3, and n independently represents 0 or 1 .)
- R 1 , R 5 , R 9 and R 13 each independently represents an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms
- R 2 , R 6 , R 10 and R 14 each independently represents an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms
- R 3 , R 7 , R 11 and R 15 each independently represent —O—, —COO—, —OCO—, —CONH—, —NHCO—, —CON (CH 3 ) —, —N (CH 3 ) CO—, —OCH 2 —, —CH 2 O—, —COOCH 2 — and —CH 2 OCO—
- R 4 , R 8 , R 12 and R 16 are each independently an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, or a carbon number.
- R 1 , R 5 and R 9 each independently represents an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms
- R 2 , R 6 and R 10 Each independently represents an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms
- R 3 , R 7 and R 11 are each independently —O—, —COO—, —OCO—, —CONH—, — At least one linking group selected from NHCO—, —CON (CH 3 ) —, —N (CH 3 ) CO—, —OCH 2 —, —CH 2 O—, —COOCH 2 — and —CH 2 OCO—.
- R 4 , R 8 and R 12 are each independently an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, a fluorine-containing alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms or a carbon number of 1 To 12 fluorine-containing alkoxy groups, each m is independently 2 Or 3, each independently represents 0 or 1, and the cis-trans isomerism of 1,4-cyclohexylene in the formulas [A1-29] to [A1-31] is the trans isomer, respectively. Is shown.)
- R 1 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms
- R 2 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms
- m represents 2 or 3
- n represents 0
- B 4 represents an alkyl group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms which may be substituted with a fluorine atom
- B 3 represents a 1,4-cyclohexylene group or a 1,4-phenylene group
- 2 represents an oxygen atom or —COO— * (where a bond marked with “*” binds to B 3 )
- B 1 represents an oxygen atom or —COO— * (where “*” is attached).
- the bond is bonded to (CH 2 ) a 2 ).
- a 1 represents an integer of 0 or 1
- a 2 represents an integer of 2 ⁇ 10
- a 3 represents an integer of 0 or 1.
- alkoxysilanes represented by the formulas [A1-1] to [A1-32] particularly preferred alkoxysilanes have the structures [A1-9] to [A1-18] and [A1-19] to This is an alkoxysilane represented by the formula [A1-21], the formula [A1-23] to the formula [A1-28] or the formula [A1-32].
- alkoxysilane represented by the formula [A1] having the specific side chain structure represented by the formula [2-2] include the following alkoxysilanes. Octyltrimethoxysilane, octyltriethoxysilane, decyltrimethoxysilane, dodecyltrimethoxysilane, dodecyltriethoxysilane, hexadecyltrimethoxysilane, hexadecyltriethoxysilane, pentyltriethoxysilane, heptadecyltrimethoxysilane, Heptadecyltriethoxysilane, octadecyltrimethoxysilane, octadecyltriethoxysilane, nonadecyltrimethoxysilane, nonadecyltriethoxysilane, isooctyltriethoxy
- the alkoxysilane represented by the formula [A1] is a property such as solubility of a polysiloxane polymer in a solvent, vertical alignment of liquid crystal when a vertical liquid crystal alignment film is formed, and optical characteristics of a liquid crystal display element. Depending on the situation, two or more can be mixed and used.
- B 1 is an organic compound having 2 to 12 carbon atoms having at least one selected from a vinyl group, an epoxy group, an amino group, a mercapto group, an isocyanate group, a methacryl group, an acrylic group, a ureido group, and a cinnamoyl group. Indicates a group.
- an organic group having 2 to 12 carbon atoms having a vinyl group, an epoxy group, an amino group, a methacryl group, an acrylic group or a ureido group is preferable from the viewpoint of availability. More preferably, it is a C2-C12 organic group having a methacryl group, an acryl group or a ureido group.
- B 2 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms. Of these, a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms is preferable.
- B 3 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms. Of these, alkyl groups having 1 to 3 carbon atoms are preferred from the viewpoint of polycondensation reactivity.
- m represents an integer of 1 or 2. Among these, 1 is preferable from the viewpoint of synthesis.
- n represents an integer of 0-2.
- p represents an integer of 0 to 3. Among these, an integer of 1 to 3 is preferable from the viewpoint of polycondensation reactivity. More preferably, it is 2 or 3.
- m + n + p represents an integer of 4.
- alkoxysilane represented by the formula [A2] of the present invention include the following alkoxysilanes. Allyltriethoxysilane, allyltrimethoxysilane, diethoxymethylvinylsilane, dimethoxymethylvinylsilane, triethoxyvinylsilane, vinyltrimethoxysilane, vinyltris (2-methoxyethoxy) silane, m-styrylethyltriethoxysilane, p-styryl Ethyltriethoxysilane, m-styrylmethyltriethoxysilane, p-styrylmethyltriethoxysilane, 3- (N-styrylmethyl-2-aminoethylamino) propyltrimethoxysilane, diethoxy (3-glycidyloxypropyl) methylsilane, 3-glycidyloxypropyl (dimethoxy) methyls
- alkoxysilane represented by the formula [A2] allyltriethoxysilane, allyltrimethoxysilane, diethoxymethylvinylsilane, dimethoxymethylvinylsilane, triethoxyvinylsilane, vinyltrimethoxysilane, vinyltris (2-methoxyethoxy) ) Silane, 3- (triethoxysilyl) propyl methacrylate, 3- (trimethoxysilyl) propyl acrylate, 3- (trimethoxysilyl) propyl methacrylate, 3-glycidyloxypropyl (dimethoxy) methylsilane, 3-glycidyloxypropyl (diethoxy) It is preferable to use methylsilane, 3-glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane or 2- (3,4-epoxycyclohexyl) ethyltrimethoxysilane.
- the alkoxysilane represented by the formula [A2] is a property such as solubility of the polysiloxane polymer in the solvent, vertical alignment of the liquid crystal when the vertical liquid crystal alignment film is formed, and optical characteristics of the liquid crystal display element. Depending on the situation, two or more can be mixed and used.
- D 1 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, and these may be substituted with a halogen atom, a nitrogen atom, an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom. Of these, a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms is preferable.
- D 2 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms. Of these, alkyl groups having 1 to 3 carbon atoms are preferred from the viewpoint of polycondensation reactivity.
- n represents an integer of 0 to 3.
- alkoxysilane represented by the formula [A3] include the following alkoxysilanes. That is, tetramethoxysilane, tetraethoxysilane, tetrapropoxysilane, tetrabutoxysilane, methyltrimethoxysilane, methyltriethoxysilane, ethyltrimethoxysilane, ethyltriethoxysilane, propyltrimethoxysilane, propyltriethoxysilane, methyltrimethoxysilane Propoxysilane, dimethyldimethoxysilane, dimethyldiethoxysilane, diethoxydiethylsilane, dibutoxydimethylsilane, (chloromethyl) triethoxysilane, 3-chloropropyldimethoxymethylsilane, 3-chloropropyltriethoxysilane, 2-cyanoethyltri Ethoxysilane, 2-
- examples of the alkoxysilane in which n is 0 include tetramethoxysilane, tetraethoxysilane, tetrapropoxysilane, and tetrabutoxysilane, and examples of the alkoxysilane represented by the formula [A3] It is preferable to use alkoxysilane.
- the alkoxysilane represented by the formula [A3] is soluble in the solvent of the polysiloxane polymer of the present invention, the vertical alignment property of the liquid crystal when formed into a vertical liquid crystal alignment film, and the optical characteristics of the liquid crystal display element. Depending on the characteristics such as, two or more kinds can be mixed and used.
- a polysiloxane obtained by polycondensation of an alkoxysilane containing any one of the alkoxysilanes represented by A3] or polycondensation of the alkoxysilanes represented by the formulas [A1], [A2] and [A3] It is preferable that it is any one of the polysiloxanes obtained.
- a polysiloxane obtained by polycondensation only with an alkoxysilane represented by formula [A1] a polysiloxane obtained by polycondensation of two alkoxysilanes represented by formula [A1] and formula [A2]
- polysiloxanes obtained by polycondensation of a plurality of types of alkoxysilanes are preferred in terms of polycondensation reactivity and solubility of polysiloxane polymers in solvents. That is, polysiloxane obtained by polycondensation of two types of alkoxysilanes represented by formulas [A1] and [A2], and polycondensation of two types of alkoxysilanes represented by formulas [A1] and [A3]. Or a polysiloxane obtained by polycondensation of three alkoxysilanes represented by the formulas [A1], [A2] and [A3].
- the alkoxysilane represented by the formula [A1] is preferably 1 to 40 mol% in all alkoxysilanes, more preferably 1 to 30 mol%.
- the alkoxysilane represented by the formula [A2] is preferably 1 to 70 mol%, more preferably 1 to 60 mol% in all alkoxysilanes.
- the alkoxysilane represented by the formula [A3] is preferably 1 to 99 mol%, more preferably 1 to 80 mol% in all alkoxysilanes.
- the method for producing the polysiloxane polymer used in the present invention is not particularly limited.
- a method obtained by polycondensation of an alkoxysilane represented by the formula [A1] in a solvent a method obtained by polycondensation of an alkoxysilane represented by the formula [A1] and the formula [A2] in a solvent, a formula [A1 ] And the alkoxysilane represented by the formula [A3] obtained by polycondensation in a solvent, and further, the alkoxysilane represented by the formula [A1], formula [A2] and formula [A3] is polycondensed in the solvent.
- the polysiloxane polymer of the present invention can be obtained as a solution obtained by polycondensing these alkoxysilanes and uniformly dissolved in a solvent.
- the method for polycondensing the polysiloxane polymer is not particularly limited.
- a method in which an alkoxysilane is hydrolyzed and polycondensed in the specific solvent, alcohol solvent or glycol solvent of the present invention can be mentioned.
- the hydrolysis / polycondensation reaction may be partially hydrolyzed or completely hydrolyzed.
- complete hydrolysis theoretically, it is sufficient to add 0.5 times the molar amount of water of all alkoxy groups in the alkoxysilane, but it is possible to add an excessive amount of water rather than 0.5 times the molar amount. preferable.
- the amount of water used in the hydrolysis / polycondensation reaction can be appropriately selected according to the purpose, but 0% of all alkoxy groups in the alkoxysilane can be selected.
- the molar amount is preferably from 5 to 2.5 times.
- acidic compounds such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, acetic acid, formic acid, succinic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, and alkaline substances such as ammonia, methylamine, ethylamine, ethanolamine, triethylamine
- a compound or a catalyst such as a metal salt such as hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, or oxalic acid can be used.
- the hydrolysis / polycondensation reaction can also be promoted by heating the solution in which the alkoxysilane is dissolved.
- the heating temperature and heating time in that case can be suitably selected according to the objective. For example, conditions such as heating and stirring at 50 ° C. for 24 hours and then stirring for 1 hour under reflux conditions may be mentioned.
- another method for polycondensation includes a method in which a polycondensation reaction is carried out by heating a mixture of alkoxysilane, solvent and oxalic acid. Specifically, after adding oxalic acid to a solvent to prepare a solution of oxalic acid in advance, the alkoxysilane is mixed while the solution is heated. At that time, the amount of oxalic acid used in the above reaction is preferably 0.2 to 2.0 mol with respect to 1 mol of all alkoxy groups in the alkoxysilane. This reaction can be carried out at a solution temperature of 50 to 180 ° C., but is preferably carried out under reflux for several tens of minutes to several tens of hours so as not to cause evaporation or volatilization of the solvent.
- the polycondensation reaction for producing the polysiloxane polymer when a plurality of alkoxysilanes represented by the formula [A1], the formula [A2] and the formula [A3] are used, a mixture in which a plurality of alkoxysilanes are mixed in advance.
- the reaction may be carried out while sequentially adding a plurality of types of alkoxysilanes.
- the solvent used for the polycondensation reaction of the alkoxysilane is not particularly limited as long as the specific solvent of the present invention and the alkoxysilane can be dissolved.
- an alcohol is generally generated by the polycondensation reaction of alkoxysilane, and therefore, an alcohol solvent, a glycol solvent, a glycol ether solvent, or a solvent that is compatible with alcohol is used.
- the solvent used in such a polycondensation reaction include the specific solvent of the present invention; alcohol solvents such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, diacetone alcohol; ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, Hexylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,2-butanediol, 1,3-butanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 2,3-butanediol, 1,2-pentanediol, 1,3- Glucol solvents such as pentanediol, 1,4-pentanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, 2,4-pentanediol, 2,3-pentanediol, 1,6-hexanediol; ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol Monoethyle Ter, ethylene glycol monopropyl ether
- the concentration of silicon atoms contained in all alkoxysilanes charged as raw materials in terms of SiO 2 is 20% by mass or less. Is preferred. In particular, the content is preferably 5 to 15% by mass.
- the polysiloxane polymer solution obtained by the above method may be used as a specific polymer as it is, and if necessary, the polysiloxane polymer solution obtained by the above method may be used. It can be concentrated, diluted by adding a solvent, or substituted with another solvent to be used as a specific polymer.
- the solvent used for dilution by adding the solvent may be a solvent used for the polycondensation reaction or other solvents.
- the additive solvent is not particularly limited as long as the polysiloxane polymer is uniformly dissolved, and one or more kinds can be arbitrarily selected and used.
- the additive solvent include ester solvents such as methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, and ethyl lactate in addition to the solvent used in the polycondensation reaction.
- ester solvents such as methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, and ethyl lactate in addition to the solvent used in the polycondensation reaction.
- the polysiloxane polymer is polycondensed before mixing the other polymer with the polysiloxane polymer.
- the alcohol generated during the reaction is preferably distilled off at normal pressure or reduced pressure.
- the liquid crystal alignment treatment agent of the present invention is a coating solution for forming a vertical liquid crystal alignment film, and is represented by the specific solvent represented by the formula [1], the formula [2-1], and the formula [2-2]. It is a coating solution containing a specific polymer having at least one specific side chain structure selected from the group consisting of the structures shown.
- the specific polymer having a specific side chain structure is not particularly limited, but includes acrylic polymer, methacrylic polymer, novolac resin, polyhydroxystyrene, polyimide precursor, polyimide, polyamide, polyester, cellulose, and polysiloxane.
- the polymer is preferably at least one polymer selected from the group consisting of Among these, a polyimide precursor, polyimide or polysiloxane is preferable, and polyimide or polysiloxane is particularly preferable. Moreover, 1 type (s) or 2 or more types of these polymers can be used for the specific polymer of this invention.
- All the polymer components in the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention may all be the specific polymer of the present invention, or other polymers may be mixed.
- the content of the other polymer is 0.5 to 15 parts by mass, preferably 1 to 10 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the specific polymer of the present invention.
- the other polymer include the polymer having no specific side chain structure represented by the formula [2-1] or the formula [2-2].
- the content of the solvent in the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention can be appropriately selected from the viewpoint of obtaining the desired coating method and the desired film thickness.
- the content of the solvent in the liquid crystal aligning agent is preferably 50 to 99.9% by mass.
- 60 to 99% by mass is preferable, and 65 to 99% by mass is particularly preferable.
- the solvent used for the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention may be the specific solvent of the present invention, but it is preferable to use a solvent that dissolves the specific polymer together with the specific solvent of the present invention.
- the specific polymer of the present invention is a polyimide precursor, polyimide, polyamide or polyester, or when the solubility of an acrylic polymer, methacrylic polymer, novolac resin, polyhydroxystyrene, cellulose or polysiloxane in a solvent is low
- a solvent also referred to as solvent A
- N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone or ⁇ -butyrolactone is preferably used. These may be used alone or in combination.
- the specific polymer is an acrylic polymer, methacrylic polymer, novolak resin, polyhydroxystyrene, cellulose, or polysiloxane
- the specific polymer of the present invention is a polyimide precursor, polyimide, polyamide, or polyester.
- solvent B also referred to as solvent B
- Ethanol isopropyl alcohol, 1-butanol, 2-butanol, isobutyl alcohol, tert-butyl alcohol, 1-pentanol, 2-pentanol, 3-pentanol, 2-methyl-1-butanol, isopentyl alcohol, tert-pentyl alcohol, 3-methyl-2-butanol, neopentyl alcohol, 1-hexanol, 2-methyl-1-pentanol, 2-methyl-2-pentanol, 2-ethyl-1-butanol, 1-heptanol 2-heptanol, 3-heptanol, 1-octanol, 2-octanol, 2-ethyl-1-hexanol, cyclohexanol, 1-methylcyclohexanol, 2-methylcyclohexanol, 3-methylcyclohexanol, 1,2- Eta Diol, 1,2-propanediol, 1,3-propan
- T 1 , T 2 and T 3 are synonymous with those defined above.
- 1-hexanol, cyclohexanol, 1,2-ethanediol, 1,2-propanediol, propylene glycol monobutyl ether, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether or dipropylene glycol dimethyl ether is preferably used. It is also preferable to use cyclopentanone, cyclohexanone or a solvent represented by the above formulas [S1] to [S3].
- the solvent in the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention may be all the specific solvent of the present invention, but is preferably 1 to 80% by mass of the total solvent contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent. More preferred is 1 to 70% by mass, and particularly preferred is 5 to 60% by mass. Most preferred is 5 to 50% by mass.
- At least one generator also referred to as a specific generator selected from the group consisting of a photo radical generator, a photo acid generator and a photo base generator into the liquid crystal alignment treatment agent of the present invention.
- the photoradical generator is not particularly limited as long as it generates radicals by ultraviolet rays, and examples thereof include the following photoradical generators.
- Tert-butylperoxy-iso-butrate 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-bis (benzoyldioxy) hexane, 1,4-bis [ ⁇ - (tert-butyldioxy) -iso-propoxy] benzene, Di-tert-butyl peroxide, 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-bis (tert-butyldioxy) hexene hydroperoxide, ⁇ - (iso-propylphenyl) -iso-propyl hydroperoxide, 2,5-dimethylhexane , Tert-butyl hydroperoxide, 1,1-bis (tert-butyldioxy) -3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane, butyl-4,4-bis (tert-butyldioxy) valerate, cyclohexanone peroxide, 2 , 2 ', 5,5'-tetra (tert-butylper Cicarbony
- the photoacid generator and the photobase generator are not particularly limited as long as they generate an acid or a base by ultraviolet rays.
- triazine compounds, acetophenone derivative compounds, disulfone compounds, diazomethane compounds, sulfones can be used.
- examples thereof include acid derivative compounds, diaryl iodonium salts, triaryl sulfonium salts, triaryl phosphonium salts, iron arene complexes, and the like. More specifically, the following photoacid generators and photobase generators can be mentioned.
- a photoradical generator for the specific generator of this invention from the point which can improve the adhesiveness of a liquid crystal layer and a vertical liquid crystal aligning film.
- the content of the specific generator in the liquid crystal alignment treatment agent of the present invention is preferably 0.01 to 50 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of all polymer components. More preferred is 0.01 to 30 parts by mass, and particularly preferred is 0.1 to 20 parts by mass.
- the specific generator may be two or more types depending on the solubility of the specific generator in a solvent, the vertical alignment of liquid crystal when the vertical liquid crystal alignment film is formed, and the characteristics such as the optical characteristics of the liquid crystal display element. Can be used in combination.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention is at least selected from the group consisting of compounds having structures represented by the following formulas [M1] to [M8] for the purpose of improving the adhesion between the liquid crystal layer and the vertical liquid crystal alignment film. It is preferable to introduce one compound (also referred to as a specific adhesion compound). At that time, it is preferable that two or more structures represented by the formulas [M1] to [M8] are included in the compound.
- W 1 represents a hydrogen atom or a benzene ring.
- W 2 represents at least one cyclic group selected from a benzene ring, a cyclohexane ring, and a heterocyclic ring
- W 3 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms and 1 to 18 carbon atoms.
- trimethylolpropane tri (meth) acrylate pentaerythritol tri (meth) acrylate, dipentaerythritol penta (meth) acrylate, tri (meth) acryloyloxyethoxytrimethylolpropane, glycerin polyglycidyl ether poly (meth) acrylate, etc.
- E 1 represents at least one selected from the group consisting of a cyclohexane ring, a bicyclohexane ring, a benzene ring, a biphenyl ring, a terphenyl ring, a naphthalene ring, a fluorene ring, an anthracene ring and a phenanthrene ring
- E 2 represents the following formula [7a] or [7b]
- n represents an integer of 1 to 4.
- the content of the specific adhesive compound in the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention is preferably 0.1 to 150 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of all polymer components.
- 0.1 to 100 parts by mass is more preferable, and 1 to 50 parts by mass is most preferable, with respect to 100 parts by mass of all polymer components.
- the specific adhesion compound is selected according to characteristics such as the solubility of the specific adhesion compound in a solvent, the vertical alignment property of the liquid crystal when the vertical liquid crystal alignment film is formed, and the optical characteristics of the liquid crystal display element.
- a mixture of seeds or more can be used.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention is selected from the group consisting of a compound having an epoxy group, an isocyanate group, an oxetane group or a cyclocarbonate group, a hydroxy group, a hydroxyalkyl group and a lower alkoxyalkyl group. It is preferable to introduce a compound having at least one selected substituent (collectively referred to as a specific crosslinkable compound). In that case, it is necessary to have two or more of these substituents in the crosslinkable compound.
- crosslinkable compound having an epoxy group or an isocyanate group examples include the following. Bisphenolacetone glycidyl ether, phenol novolac epoxy resin, cresol novolac epoxy resin, triglycidyl isocyanurate, tetraglycidylaminodiphenylene, tetraglycidyl-m-xylenediamine, tetraglycidyl-1,3-bis (aminoethyl) cyclohexane, Tetraphenyl glycidyl ether ethane, triphenyl glycidyl ether ethane, bisphenol hexafluoroacetodiglycidyl ether, 1,3-bis (1- (2,3-epoxypropoxy) -1-trifluoromethyl-2,2,2-tri Fluoromethyl) benzene, 4,4-bis (2,3-epoxypropoxy) octafluorobiphenyl, triglycidyl-p
- the crosslinkable compound having an oxetane group is a crosslinkable compound having at least two oxetane groups represented by the following formula [4A]. Specific examples include crosslinkable compounds represented by the formulas [4a] to [4k] published on pages 58 to 59 of International Publication WO2011 / 132751 (published on 10.27.2011).
- the crosslinkable compound having a cyclocarbonate group is a crosslinkable compound having at least two cyclocarbonate groups represented by the following formula [5A]. Specific examples include crosslinkable compounds represented by the formulas [5-1] to [5-42] described on pages 76 to 82 of International Publication WO2012 / 014898 (2012.2.2 publication).
- Examples of the crosslinkable compound having at least one substituent selected from the group consisting of a hydroxy group and an alkoxy group include an amino resin having a hydroxy group or an alkoxy group, such as a melamine resin, a urea resin, a guanamine resin, and a glycoluril.
- a melamine resin, a urea resin, a guanamine resin, and a glycoluril such as a melamine resin, a urea resin, a guanamine resin, and a glycoluril.
- a melamine derivative, a benzoguanamine derivative, or glycoluril in which a hydrogen atom of an amino group is substituted with a methylol group and / or an alkoxymethyl group can be used.
- the melamine derivative or benzoguanamine derivative can exist as a dimer or a trimer. These preferably have an average of 3 to 6 methylol groups or alkoxymethyl groups per triazin
- Examples of such melamine derivatives or benzoguanamine derivatives include MX-750, which has an average of 3.7 substituted methoxymethyl groups per triazine ring, and an average of 5. methoxymethyl groups per triazine ring.
- Eight-substituted MW-30 (manufactured by Sanwa Chemical Co., Ltd.), Cymel 300, 301, 303, 350, 370, 771, 325, 327, 703, 712 and other methoxymethylated melamine, Cymel 235, Of methoxymethylated butoxymethylated melamine such as 236, 238, 212, 253, 254, butoxymethylated melamine such as Cymel 506, 508, carboxyl group-containing methoxymethylated isobutoxymethylated melamine such as Cymel 1141, Cymel 1123 Methoxymethylated et Cymethylated benzoguanamine, methoxymethylated butoxymethylated benzoguanamine such as Cymel 1123-10, butoxymethylated benzoguan
- Examples of the benzene or phenolic compound having a hydroxy group or an alkoxy group include 1,3,5-tris (methoxymethyl) benzene, 1,2,4-tris (isopropoxymethyl) benzene, 1,4-bis ( sec-butoxymethyl) benzene, 2,6-dihydroxymethyl-p-tert-butylphenol and the like. More specifically, the crosslinkable compounds represented by the formulas [6-1] to [6-48] described on pages 62 to 66 of International Publication WO2011 / 132751 (published on 10.27.2011) Can be mentioned.
- the content of the specific crosslinkable compound in the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention is preferably 0.1 to 100 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of all polymer components. In order for the crosslinking reaction to proceed and to exhibit the desired effect, 0.1 to 50 parts by weight is more preferable, and 1 to 40 parts by weight is most preferable, based on 100 parts by weight of all polymer components.
- the specific crosslinkable compound, the solubility of the specific crosslinkable compound in the solvent, the vertical alignment of the liquid crystal in the vertical liquid crystal alignment film, and further according to characteristics such as the optical characteristics of the liquid crystal display element, Two or more types can be mixed and used.
- Nitrogen-containing heterocyclic amine compounds represented by the formulas [M1] to [M156] can also be added.
- This amine compound may be added directly to the liquid crystal aligning agent, but it is preferably added after a solution having a concentration of 0.1 to 10% by mass, preferably 1 to 7% by mass with an appropriate solvent.
- the solvent is not particularly limited as long as it is an organic solvent that dissolves the specific polymer described above.
- liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention does not impair the effects of the present invention
- a compound that improves the uniformity and surface smoothness of the vertical liquid crystal aligning film when the liquid crystal aligning agent is applied can be used.
- a compound that improves the adhesion between the vertical liquid crystal alignment film and the substrate can also be used.
- Examples of the compound that improves the film thickness uniformity and surface smoothness of the vertical liquid crystal alignment film include fluorine-based surfactants, silicone-based surfactants, and nonionic surfactants. More specifically, for example, F-top EF301, EF303, EF352 (above, manufactured by Tochem Products), MegaFuck F171, F173, R-30 (above, manufactured by Dainippon Ink), Florard FC430, FC431 (or more) And Asahi Guard AG710, Surflon S-382, SC101, SC102, SC103, SC104, SC105, SC106 (above, manufactured by Asahi Glass Co., Ltd.). The use ratio of these surfactants is preferably 0.01 to 2 parts by mass, more preferably 0.01 to 1 part by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of all the polymer components contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent. It is.
- the compound that improves the adhesion between the vertical liquid crystal alignment film and the substrate include the following functional silane-containing compounds and epoxy group-containing compounds.
- the amount is preferably 0.1 to 30 parts by weight, more preferably 1 to 20 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of all the polymer components contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent. is there. If it is less than 0.1 part by mass, the effect of improving the adhesion cannot be expected, and if it exceeds 30 parts by mass, the storage stability of the liquid crystal aligning agent may be deteriorated.
- the liquid crystal alignment treatment agent of the present invention is intended to change the electrical properties such as the dielectric constant and conductivity of the vertical liquid crystal alignment film as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired in addition to the compounds other than the above. A dielectric or conductive material may be added.
- a nematic liquid crystal or a smectic liquid crystal can be used as the liquid crystal in the liquid crystal composition used in the liquid crystal display element of the present invention.
- the liquid crystal display element of the present invention preferably has a negative dielectric anisotropy. Further, from the viewpoint of low voltage driving and scattering characteristics of the liquid crystal display element of the present invention, those having a large dielectric anisotropy and a large refractive index anisotropy are preferred.
- an active element such as a TFT (Thin Film Transistor)
- it is required that the liquid crystal has a high electric resistance and a high voltage holding ratio (also referred to as VHR).
- a fluorine-based or chlorine-based liquid crystal that has high electrical resistance and does not lower VHR by active energy rays such as ultraviolet rays.
- a liquid crystal having a large birefringence ( ⁇ n) as the liquid crystal used in the liquid crystal display element of the present invention.
- a dichroic dye can be dissolved in a liquid crystal composition to form a guest-host type element.
- an element is obtained that is transparent when no voltage is applied and absorbs (scatters) when a voltage is applied.
- the alignment direction of the liquid crystal changes by 90 degrees depending on whether or not voltage is applied. Therefore, in the liquid crystal display element of the present invention, by utilizing the difference in light absorption characteristics of this dichroic dye, a high contrast can be obtained compared to a conventional guest-host type element that switches between random alignment and vertical alignment. It is done.
- a guest-host type element in which a dichroic dye is dissolved is colored when the liquid crystal is aligned in the horizontal direction, and is opaque only in a scattering state. Therefore, as the voltage is applied, it is possible to obtain an element that switches from colorless and transparent when no voltage is applied to a colored opaque and colored transparent state.
- the liquid crystal composition in the liquid crystal display element of the present invention contains a polymerizable compound that is polymerized by at least one of active energy rays such as ultraviolet rays and heat. At that time, polymerization may proceed in any reaction form, and a cured product composite of liquid crystal and a polymerizable compound may be formed. Specific reaction modes of polymerization include radical polymerization, cationic polymerization, anionic polymerization, or polyaddition reaction.
- the polymerizable compound of the present invention may be any compound as long as it dissolves in the liquid crystal. However, when the polymerizable compound is dissolved in the liquid crystal, it is necessary that a temperature at which a part or the whole of the liquid crystal composition of the present invention exhibits a liquid crystal phase exists. Even when a part of the liquid crystal composition exhibits a liquid crystal phase, the liquid crystal display element of the present invention is confirmed with the naked eye, and if the entire element has almost uniform transparency and scattering characteristics, good.
- the reaction form of the polymerizable compound is radical polymerization
- the following radical type polymerizable compound can be used. That is, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, butyl ethyl acrylate, butoxyethyl acrylate, 2-cyanoethyl acrylate, benzyl acrylate, cyclohexyl acrylate, 2-hydroxypropyl acrylate, 2-ethoxyethyl acrylate, N, N-diethylaminoethyl acrylate, N, N— Dimethylaminoethyl acrylate, dicyclopentanyl acrylate, dicyclopentenyl acrylate, glycidyl acrylate, tetrahydrofurfuryl acrylate, isobornyl acrylate, isodecyl acrylate, lauryl acrylate, morpholine acrylate, phenoxyethyl acrylate, phenoxydiethylene glycol acrylate
- trimethylolpropane triacrylate pentaerythritol tetraacrylate, pentaerythritol triacrylate, ditrimethylolpropane tetraacrylate, dipentaerythritol hexaacrylate, dipentaerythritol monohydroxypentaacrylate, trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate, penta Monomers and oligomers such as erythritol tetramethacrylate, pentaerythritol trimethacrylate, ditrimethylolpropane tetramethacrylate, dipentaerythritol hexamethacrylate or dipentaerythritol monohydroxypentamethacrylate.
- the radical type polymerizable compound may be used in combination of two or more kinds depending on the optical characteristics of the liquid crystal display element and the adhesion characteristics between the liquid crystal layer and the vertical liquid crystal alignment film.
- a radical initiator that generates radicals by ultraviolet rays can be introduced into the liquid crystal composition.
- a radical initiator that generates radicals by ultraviolet rays can be introduced into the liquid crystal composition.
- the reaction form of the polymerizable compound is cationic polymerization or anionic polymerization
- the following ionic type polymerizable compounds can be used. That is, it is a compound having at least one cross-linking group selected from the group consisting of a hydroxy group, a hydroxyalkyl group, and a lower alkoxyalkyl group.
- it is a melamine derivative, benzoguanamine derivative or glycoluril in which a hydrogen atom of an amino group is substituted with a methylol group and / or an alkoxymethyl group.
- the melamine derivative or benzoguanamine derivative may be an oligomer. These preferably have an average of 3 or more and less than 6 methylol groups or alkoxymethyl groups per one triazine ring.
- Examples of such melamine derivatives and benzoguanamine derivatives include MX-750, which is an average of 3.7 substituted methoxymethyl groups per triazine ring, and an average of 5. methoxymethyl groups per triazine ring.
- Eight-substituted MW-30 (manufactured by Sanwa Chemical Co., Ltd.), Cymel 300, 301, 303, 350, 370, 771, 325, 327, 703, 712 and other methoxymethylated melamine, Cymel 235, Of methoxymethylated butoxymethylated melamine such as 236, 238, 212, 253, 254, butoxymethylated melamine such as Cymel 506, 508, carboxyl group-containing methoxymethylated isobutoxymethylated melamine such as Cymel 1141, Cymel 1123 Methoxymethylated etoxy Methylated benzoguanamine, methoxymethylated butoxymethylated benzoguanamine such as Cymel 1123-10, butoxymethylated be
- glycoluril examples include butoxymethylated glycoluril such as Cymel 1170, methylolated glycoluril such as Cymel 1172, and the like.
- benzene having a hydroxy group or an alkoxy group, or phenolic compounds include 1,3,5-tris (methoxymethoxy) benzene, 1,2,4-tris (isopropoxymethoxy) benzene, 1,4-bis. (Sec-butoxymethoxy) benzene, 2,6-dihydroxymethyl-p-tert-butylphenol and the like.
- a compound containing an epoxy group or an isocyanate group and having a crosslinking group can also be used.
- an ion initiator that generates an acid or a base by ultraviolet rays can be introduced into the liquid crystal composition.
- triazine compounds, acetophenone derivative compounds, disulfone compounds, diazomethane compounds, sulfonic acid derivative compounds, diaryl iodonium salts, triaryl sulfonium salts, triaryl phosphonium salts, iron arene complexes, and the like can be used. However, it is not limited to these.
- diphenyl iodonium chloride diphenyl iodonium trifluoromethanesulfonate
- diphenyl iodonium mesylate diphenyl iodonium tosylate
- diphenyl iodonium bromide diphenyl iodonium tetrafluoroborate
- diphenyl iodonium hexafluoroantimonate diphenyl iodonium hexafluoroarsenate.
- the liquid crystal display element of the present invention it is preferable to use a radical type polymerizable compound among the polymerizable compounds from the viewpoint of the optical characteristics of the element.
- the amount of the polymerizable compound introduced into the liquid crystal composition is not particularly limited, but when the amount of the polymerizable compound introduced is large, the polymerizable compound does not dissolve in the liquid crystal or the temperature at which the liquid crystal composition exhibits a liquid crystal phase. Or the change between the transparent state and the scattering state of the element becomes small, and the optical characteristics deteriorate.
- the introduction amount of the polymerizable compound is preferably 1 to 70 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the liquid crystal, and more preferably 5 to 60 parts by mass. Particularly preferred is 11 to 50 parts by mass.
- the introduction amount of the radical initiator and the ionic initiator that promote the reaction of the polymerizable compound is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.01 to 20 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the liquid crystal. However, 0.05 to 10 parts by mass is preferable. Particularly preferred is 0.05 to 5 parts by mass.
- the substrate used in the liquid crystal display element of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is a highly transparent substrate.
- a plastic substrate such as an acrylic substrate, a polycarbonate substrate, or a PET (polyethylene terephthalate) substrate is used. Can do.
- a plastic substrate is preferable. From the viewpoint of simplification of the process, it is preferable to use a substrate on which an ITO (Indium Tin Oxide) electrode for driving a liquid crystal is formed.
- a substrate on which a metal such as a silicon wafer or aluminum or a dielectric multilayer film is formed can be used as long as the substrate is only on one side.
- the substrates has a vertical liquid crystal alignment film that vertically aligns liquid crystal molecules.
- This vertical liquid crystal alignment film can be obtained by applying a liquid crystal alignment treatment agent on a substrate and baking it, followed by alignment treatment by rubbing treatment or light irradiation. Further, the vertical liquid crystal alignment film of the present invention can be used as a vertical liquid crystal alignment film without these alignment treatments.
- the application method of the liquid crystal aligning agent is not particularly limited, but industrially includes screen printing, offset printing, flexographic printing, ink jet method, dipping method, roll coater method, slit coater method, spinner method, spray method, etc. Depending on the kind of the substrate and the desired thickness of the vertical liquid crystal alignment film, it can be appropriately selected.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent After applying the liquid crystal aligning agent on the substrate, it is preferably 30 to 300 ° C., depending on the solvent used for the liquid crystal aligning agent, by a heating means such as a hot plate, a thermal circulation oven, or an IR (infrared) oven. Can evaporate the solvent at a temperature of 30 to 250 ° C. to obtain a vertical liquid crystal alignment film.
- the thickness of the vertical liquid crystal alignment film after baking is disadvantageous in terms of power consumption of the liquid crystal display element if it is too thick, and if it is too thin, the reliability of this element may be lowered. Therefore, it is preferably 5 to 300 nm, more preferably Is 10 to 200 nm.
- the liquid crystal composition used in the liquid crystal display element of the present invention is a liquid crystal composition having at least a liquid crystal and a polymerizable compound.
- examples of those other than the liquid crystal and the polymerizable compound include the initiator and a spacer for controlling an electrode gap (also referred to as a gap) of the liquid crystal display element.
- the injection method of a liquid crystal composition is not specifically limited, For example, the following method is mentioned. That is, when a glass substrate is used as a substrate, a pair of substrates on which a vertical liquid crystal alignment film is formed is prepared, and a sealant is applied to four pieces of one side of the substrate except for a part, and then the vertical liquid crystal alignment film is formed. An empty cell is manufactured by attaching the substrate on the other side so that the surface is on the inside.
- a method of obtaining a liquid crystal composition injection cell by injecting the liquid crystal composition under reduced pressure from a place where the sealant is not applied can be mentioned.
- a plastic substrate is used as a substrate, a pair of substrates on which a vertical liquid crystal alignment film is formed is prepared, and a liquid crystal composition is formed on one substrate by an ODF (One Drop Filling) method or an inkjet method.
- ODF One Drop Filling
- a liquid crystal composition injection cell is obtained by dropping and then bonding the other substrate together.
- the gap of the liquid crystal display element of the present invention can be controlled by a spacer or the like.
- Examples of the method include a method of introducing a spacer having a target size into the liquid crystal composition described above, and a method of using a substrate having a column spacer of a target size.
- the size of the gap is preferably 1 to 100 um, more preferably 2 to 50 um. Particularly preferred is 3 to 30 ⁇ m. If the gap is too small, the contrast of the liquid crystal display element is lowered, and if it is too large, the drive voltage of the element is increased.
- the liquid crystal display element of the present invention can be obtained by curing the liquid crystal composition in a state where a part or the whole of the liquid crystal composition exhibits liquid crystallinity to form a cured product composite of the liquid crystal and the polymerizable compound.
- the liquid crystal composition is cured by at least one of irradiation with active energy rays and heating the liquid crystal composition injection cell obtained above.
- the active energy ray is preferably ultraviolet rays.
- the ultraviolet light has a wavelength of 250 to 400 nm, preferably 310 to 370 nm.
- the temperature is 40 to 120 ° C., preferably 60 to 80 ° C.
- both the ultraviolet treatment and the heat treatment may be performed simultaneously, or the heat treatment may be performed after the ultraviolet treatment.
- the liquid crystal display device using the vertical liquid crystal alignment film obtained from the liquid crystal alignment treatment agent containing the specific polymer of the present invention has high liquid crystal vertical alignment and good optical characteristics, and thus, a liquid crystal display element having high adhesion between the liquid crystal layer and the vertical liquid crystal alignment film is obtained.
- the liquid crystal alignment treatment agent of the present invention it is possible to provide a liquid crystal display element that has high coating film uniformity of the liquid crystal alignment film and is less likely to cause alignment defects due to coating film defects such as repellency and pinholes. it can.
- the baking for producing the vertical liquid crystal alignment film can be performed at a low temperature.
- the liquid crystal display element of the present invention can be preferably used for a reverse type element that is in a transmissive state when no voltage is applied and is in a scattered state when a voltage is applied, and a liquid crystal display for display purposes, It can be used as a light control window or an optical shutter element for controlling transmission and blocking of light.
- a plastic substrate can be used as the substrate of the liquid crystal display element.
- the liquid crystal display element of the present invention is a liquid crystal display element used in transportation equipment and transportation machinery such as automobiles, railways, and aircrafts, specifically, light used in a light control window or room mirror that controls transmission and blocking of light. It can be suitably used for a shutter element or the like.
- the liquid crystal display element of the present invention has good transparency when no voltage is applied and scattering characteristics when a voltage is applied, so when this element is used for a glass window of a vehicle, Compared with the case where a reverse element is used, the light intake efficiency is high at night, and the effect of preventing glare from outside light is also enhanced. Therefore, it is possible to further improve the safety when driving a vehicle and the comfort when riding.
- the reliability of the element of the present invention is higher than that of a conventional reverse type element. That is, poor adhesion and deterioration are less likely to occur due to the low adhesion between the liquid crystal layer and the vertical alignment film.
- the liquid crystal display element of the present invention can be used for a light guide plate of a display device such as an LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) or an OLED (Organic Light-emitting Diode) display or a back plate of a transparent display using these displays.
- a display device such as an LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) or an OLED (Organic Light-emitting Diode) display
- a back plate of a transparent display using these displays a back plate of a transparent display using these displays.
- the transparent display and the liquid crystal display element of the present invention are combined, and when the screen is displayed on the transparent display, the light entering from the back surface is The liquid crystal display element can be used for suppression.
- the liquid crystal display element of the present invention is in a scattering state where a voltage is applied when performing screen display on a transparent display, and the screen display can be clarified. Additional transparency.
- A1 1,3-diamino-4- [4- (trans-4-n-heptylcyclohexyl) phenoxy] benzene
- A2 1,3-diamino-4- [4- (trans-4-n-heptylcyclo) Hexyl) phenoxymethyl] benzene
- A3 1,3-diamino-4- ⁇ 4- [trans-4- (trans-4-n-pentylcyclohexyl) cyclohexyl] phenoxy ⁇ benzene
- A4 Formula [A4 A5: 1,3-diamino-4-octadecyloxybenzene
- E1 alkoxysilane represented by the following formula [E1]
- E2 octadecyltriethoxysilane
- E3 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane
- E4 3-ureidopropyltriethoxysilane
- E5 tetraethoxysilane
- the imidation rate is determined based on protons derived from structures that do not change before and after imidation as reference protons, and the peak integrated value of these protons and proton peaks derived from NH groups of amic acid appearing in the vicinity of 9.5 to 10.0 ppm. It calculated
- Imidization rate (%) (1 ⁇ ⁇ x / y) ⁇ 100
- x is a proton peak integrated value derived from NH group of amic acid
- y is a peak integrated value of reference proton
- ⁇ is one NH group proton of amic acid in the case of polyamic acid (imidation rate is 0%) Is the number ratio of the reference proton to.
- This reaction solution was put into methanol (460 ml), and the resulting precipitate was separated by filtration. This deposit was wash
- the imidation ratio of this polyimide was 63%, Mn was 17,200, and Mw was 49,100.
- This reaction solution was put into methanol (460 ml), and the resulting precipitate was separated by filtration. This deposit was wash
- the imidation ratio of this polyimide was 54%, Mn was 17,400, and Mw was 47,800.
- the reaction was allowed for 5 hours. This reaction solution was put into methanol (460 ml), and the resulting precipitate was separated by filtration. This deposit was wash
- the imidation ratio of this polyimide was 71%, Mn was 17,100, and Mw was 38,800.
- ⁇ Synthesis Example 14> Prepare a solution of alkoxysilane monomer by mixing EC (29.2 g), E1 (4.10 g) and E5 (38.8 g) in a 200 ml four-necked reaction flask equipped with a thermometer and reflux tube. did. To this solution, a solution prepared by mixing EC (14.6 g), water (10.8 g), and oxalic acid (0.50 g) as a catalyst was added dropwise at 25 ° C. over 30 minutes. The mixture was further stirred at 25 ° C. for 30 minutes.
- “* 3” indicates the content (parts by mass) of the specific adhesive compound with respect to 100 parts by mass of the specific polymer.
- “* 4” indicates the content (parts by mass) of the specific crosslinkable compound with respect to 100 parts by mass of the specific polymer.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent was pressure filtered through a membrane filter having a pore size of 1 ⁇ m, and then washed with pure water and IPA (isopropyl alcohol).
- An ITO substrate with an alignment film was obtained.
- the liquid crystal display element before a process was obtained. Using a metal halide lamp with an illuminance of 60 mW, the obtained liquid crystal display element before treatment was cut at a wavelength of 350 nm or less and irradiated with ultraviolet rays of 7 J / cm 2 in terms of 365 nm to obtain a liquid crystal display element (glass substrate). It was. The temperature in the irradiation apparatus when the liquid crystal cell was irradiated with ultraviolet rays was controlled at 25 ° C.
- the liquid crystal alignment treatment agent was pressure filtered through a membrane filter having a pore size of 1 ⁇ m, and then washed with pure water, and a 150 ⁇ 150 mm PET (polyethylene terephthalate) substrate with an ITO electrode (length: 150 mm, width: 150 mm, thickness: 0) .2mm) coated on the ITO surface with a bar coater, heat-treated on a hot plate at 80 ° C. for 3 minutes and in a heat-circulating clean oven at 120 ° C. for 10 minutes, and a film thickness of 100 nm An ITO substrate with a liquid crystal alignment film was obtained.
- Example 1 To the polyamic acid solution (1) (10.0 g) obtained in Synthesis Example 1, NMP (15.9 g), NEP (3.11 g), PB (10.6 g), MIBK (15.9 g), S2 ( 0.25 g), M2 (0.125 g) and K1 (0.25 g) were added, and the mixture was stirred at 25 ° C. for 5 hours to obtain a liquid crystal aligning agent (1).
- This liquid crystal aligning agent was confirmed to be a uniform solution without any abnormality such as turbidity or precipitation.
- a liquid crystal display element using glass as a substrate was produced, and each evaluation described above was performed.
- Example 2 NMP (19.0 g), BCS (10.6 g) and MIBK (15.9 g) are added to the polyamic acid solution (2) (10.0 g) obtained in Synthesis Example 2, and the mixture is stirred at 25 ° C. for 5 hours. Thus, a liquid crystal aligning agent (2) was obtained. This liquid crystal aligning agent was confirmed to be a uniform solution without any abnormality such as turbidity or precipitation. Using the obtained liquid crystal aligning agent (2) and the liquid crystal composition (1), a liquid crystal display element using glass as a substrate was produced, and each evaluation described above was performed.
- Example 3 Using the liquid crystal aligning agent (2) obtained in Example 2 and the liquid crystal composition (2), a liquid crystal display device using glass as a substrate was prepared, and each evaluation described above was performed.
- Example 4 NMP (18.7 g) and NEP (4.67 g) were added to the polyimide powder (3) (2.20 g) obtained in Synthesis Example 3, and dissolved by stirring at 70 ° C. for 24 hours. To this solution, BCS (9.34 g) and MIBK (14.0 g) were added and stirred at 25 ° C. for 2 hours to obtain a liquid crystal aligning agent (3). This liquid crystal aligning agent was confirmed to be a uniform solution without any abnormality such as turbidity or precipitation. Using the obtained liquid crystal aligning agent (3) and the liquid crystal composition (1), a liquid crystal display element using a glass as a substrate was prepared, and each evaluation described above was performed.
- Example 5 Using the liquid crystal aligning agent (3) obtained in Example 4 and the liquid crystal composition (2), a liquid crystal display element using glass as a substrate was prepared, and each evaluation described above was performed.
- Example 6 ⁇ -BL (9.13 g) and PGME (13.7 g) were added to the polyimide powder (3) (2.15 g) obtained in Synthesis Example 3, and dissolved by stirring at 70 ° C. for 24 hours. To this solution, PB (9.13 g) and MEK (13.7 g) were added and stirred at 25 ° C. for 2 hours to obtain a liquid crystal aligning agent (4). This liquid crystal aligning agent was confirmed to be a uniform solution without any abnormality such as turbidity or precipitation. Using the obtained liquid crystal aligning agent (4) and the liquid crystal composition (1), two types of liquid crystal display elements using glass and plastic as a substrate were prepared, and each evaluation described above was performed.
- Example 7 ⁇ -BL (4.67 g) and PGME (28.0 g) were added to the polyimide powder (3) (2.20 g) obtained in Synthesis Example 3, and dissolved by stirring at 70 ° C. for 24 hours. To this solution, MEK (9.34 g), MIBK (4.67 g), S1 (0.154 g), M1 (0.22 g) and K1 (0.33 g) were added and stirred at 25 ° C. for 2 hours. A liquid crystal aligning agent (5) was obtained. This liquid crystal aligning agent was confirmed to be a uniform solution without any abnormality such as turbidity or precipitation. Using the obtained liquid crystal aligning agent (5) and the liquid crystal composition (1), two types of liquid crystal display elements using glass and plastic as a substrate were prepared, and each evaluation described above was performed.
- Example 8 ⁇ -BL (9.34 g) and PGME (18.7 g) were added to the polyimide powder (4) (2.20 g) obtained in Synthesis Example 4, and dissolved by stirring at 70 ° C. for 24 hours. To this solution, EC (14.0 g), DIBK (4.67 g), S2 (0.22 g), M2 (0.11 g) and K1 (0.22 g) were added and stirred at 25 ° C. for 2 hours. A liquid crystal aligning agent (6) was obtained. This liquid crystal aligning agent was confirmed to be a uniform solution without any abnormality such as turbidity or precipitation. Using the obtained liquid crystal aligning agent (6) and the liquid crystal composition (1), two types of liquid crystal display elements using glass and plastic as a substrate were produced, and each evaluation described above was performed.
- Example 9 Using the liquid crystal aligning agent (6) obtained in Example 8 and the liquid crystal composition (2), two types of liquid crystal display elements using glass and plastic as a substrate were prepared, and each evaluation described above was performed.
- Example 10 ⁇ -BL (2.39 g) and PGME (28.7 g) were added to the polyimide powder (4) (2.25 g) obtained in Synthesis Example 4, and dissolved by stirring at 70 ° C. for 24 hours. To this solution was added PB (4.78 g), MEK (7.96 g), MIBK (3.98 g), S2 (0.225 g), M1 (0.113 g) and K1 (0.45 g) at 25 ° C. And stirred for 2 hours to obtain a liquid crystal aligning agent (7). This liquid crystal aligning agent was confirmed to be a uniform solution without any abnormality such as turbidity or precipitation. Using the obtained liquid crystal aligning agent (7) and the liquid crystal composition (1), two types of liquid crystal display elements using glass and plastic as a substrate were prepared, and each evaluation described above was performed.
- Example 11 ⁇ -BL (4.78 g) and PGME (19.1 g) were added to the polyimide powder (4) (2.25 g) obtained in Synthesis Example 4, and dissolved by stirring at 70 ° C. for 24 hours. To this solution, MIBK (23.9 g), S1 (0.068 g), M2 (0.068 g) and K1 (0.158 g) were added and stirred at 25 ° C. for 2 hours to obtain a liquid crystal aligning agent (8). Got. This liquid crystal aligning agent was confirmed to be a uniform solution without any abnormality such as turbidity or precipitation. Using the obtained liquid crystal aligning agent (8) and the liquid crystal composition (1), two types of liquid crystal display elements using glass and plastic as a substrate were prepared, and each evaluation described above was performed.
- NEP (18.7 g) was added to the polyimide powder (5) (2.20 g) obtained in Synthesis Example 5, and dissolved by stirring at 70 ° C. for 24 hours.
- PB 9.34 g
- MIBK MIBK
- DIBK DIBK
- Example 13 ⁇ -BL (4.67 g) and PGME (28.0 g) were added to the polyimide powder (5) (2.20 g) obtained in Synthesis Example 5, and dissolved by stirring at 70 ° C. for 24 hours. MEK (4.67 g), MIBK (9.34 g), and K1 (0.22 g) were added to this solution, and the mixture was stirred at 25 ° C. for 2 hours to obtain a liquid crystal aligning agent (10). This liquid crystal aligning agent was confirmed to be a uniform solution without any abnormality such as turbidity or precipitation.
- liquid crystal aligning agent (10) Using the obtained liquid crystal aligning agent (10) and the liquid crystal composition (1), two types of liquid crystal display elements using glass and plastic as a substrate were prepared, and each evaluation described above was performed. In addition, regarding the evaluation of the adhesion between the liquid crystal layer and the vertical liquid crystal alignment film (plastic substrate), it was emphasized under the same conditions as in Example 6 (but storage in a high temperature and high humidity tank was 144 hours) together with the standard test. A test was conducted. As a result, a small amount of bubbles was observed in the device.
- Example 14 ⁇ -BL (4.67 g) and PGME (28.0 g) were added to the polyimide powder (5) (2.20 g) obtained in Synthesis Example 5, and dissolved by stirring at 70 ° C. for 24 hours. To this solution, MEK (4.67 g), MIBK (9.34 g), S1 (0.22 g) and K1 (0.22 g) were added and stirred at 25 ° C. for 2 hours to obtain a liquid crystal aligning agent (11). Got. This liquid crystal aligning agent was confirmed to be a uniform solution without any abnormality such as turbidity or precipitation.
- liquid crystal aligning agent (11) and the liquid crystal composition (1) Two types of liquid crystal display elements using glass and plastic as a substrate were produced, and each evaluation described above was performed.
- evaluation of the adhesion between the liquid crystal layer and the vertical liquid crystal alignment film (plastic substrate) it was emphasized under the same conditions as in Example 6 (but storage in a high temperature and high humidity tank was 144 hours) together with the standard test. A test was conducted. As a result, a small amount of bubbles was observed in the device.
- Example 15 ⁇ -BL (4.67 g) and PGME (28.0 g) were added to the polyimide powder (5) (2.20 g) obtained in Synthesis Example 5, and dissolved by stirring at 70 ° C. for 24 hours. To this solution, MEK (4.67 g), MIBK (9.34 g), S1 (0.22 g), M2 (0.154 g) and K1 (0.22 g) were added and stirred at 25 ° C. for 2 hours. A liquid crystal aligning agent (12) was obtained. This liquid crystal aligning agent was confirmed to be a uniform solution without any abnormality such as turbidity or precipitation.
- liquid crystal aligning agent (12) and the liquid crystal composition (1) Two types of liquid crystal display elements using glass and plastic as a substrate were prepared, and each evaluation described above was performed.
- evaluation of the adhesion between the liquid crystal layer and the vertical liquid crystal alignment film (plastic substrate) it was emphasized under the same conditions as in Example 6 (but storage in a high temperature and high humidity tank was 144 hours) together with the standard test. A test was conducted. As a result, no bubbles were found in the device.
- Example 16 ⁇ -BL (11.1 g) and PGME (20.0 g) were added to the polyimide powder (6) (2.10 g) obtained in Synthesis Example 6, and dissolved by stirring at 70 ° C. for 24 hours. To this solution, BCS (2.28 g), MIBK (11.1 g) and K1 (0.42 g) were added and stirred at 25 ° C. for 2 hours to obtain a liquid crystal aligning agent (13). This liquid crystal aligning agent was confirmed to be a uniform solution without any abnormality such as turbidity or precipitation. Using the obtained liquid crystal aligning agent (13) and the liquid crystal composition (2), two types of liquid crystal display elements using glass and plastic as a substrate were prepared, and each evaluation described above was performed.
- Example 17 > ⁇ -BL (11.7 g) and PGME (28.0 g) were added to the polyimide powder (6) (2.20 g) obtained in Synthesis Example 6, and dissolved by stirring at 70 ° C. for 24 hours. To this solution, PB (4.67 g), MIBK (2.33 g), S2 (0.066 g), M1 (0.11 g) and K1 (0.066 g) were added and stirred at 25 ° C. for 2 hours. A liquid crystal aligning agent (14) was obtained. This liquid crystal aligning agent was confirmed to be a uniform solution without any abnormality such as turbidity or precipitation. Using the obtained liquid crystal aligning agent (14) and the liquid crystal composition (1), two types of liquid crystal display elements using glass and plastic as a substrate were prepared, and each evaluation described above was performed.
- Example 18 NMP (4.67 g) and NEP (14.0 g) were added to the polyimide powder (6) (1.65 g) obtained in Synthesis Example 6, and dissolved by stirring at 70 ° C. for 24 hours. To this solution, BCS (9.34 g), PB (4.67 g), DIBK (14.0 g) and K1 (0.44 g) were added and stirred at 25 ° C. for 2 hours to obtain a liquid crystal aligning agent (15). Got. This liquid crystal aligning agent was confirmed to be a uniform solution without any abnormality such as turbidity or precipitation. Using the obtained liquid crystal aligning agent (15) and the liquid crystal composition (1), a liquid crystal display element using a glass as a substrate was prepared, and each evaluation described above was performed.
- Example 19 ⁇ -BL (2.28 g) and PGME (29.7 g) were added to the polyimide powder (7) (2.15 g) obtained in Synthesis Example 7, and dissolved by stirring at 70 ° C. for 24 hours. To this solution, MEK (13.7 g), S2 (0.323 g), M2 (0.108 g) and K1 (0.323 g) were added and stirred at 25 ° C. for 2 hours to obtain a liquid crystal aligning agent (16). Got. This liquid crystal aligning agent was confirmed to be a uniform solution without any abnormality such as turbidity or precipitation. Using the obtained liquid crystal aligning agent (16) and the liquid crystal composition (1), two types of liquid crystal display elements using glass and plastic as a substrate were prepared, and each evaluation described above was performed.
- NEP (14.0 g) was added to the polyimide powder (7) (2.20 g) obtained in Synthesis Example 7 and dissolved by stirring at 70 ° C. for 24 hours.
- BCS 4.67 g
- PB 18.7 g
- DIBK DIBK
- S1 0.066 g
- M1 0.154 g
- K1 0.22 g
- This liquid crystal aligning agent was confirmed to be a uniform solution without any abnormality such as turbidity or precipitation.
- a liquid crystal display element using a glass as a substrate was prepared, and each evaluation described above was performed.
- NMP (16.3 g) was added to the polyimide powder (8) (2.20 g) obtained in Synthesis Example 8, and dissolved by stirring at 70 ° C. for 24 hours.
- BCS (7.00 g), PB (14.0 g), DIBK (9.34 g), S2 (0.11 g), M2 (0.22 g) and K1 (0.22 g) were added and at 25 ° C. It stirred for 2 hours and obtained the liquid-crystal aligning agent (18).
- This liquid crystal aligning agent was confirmed to be a uniform solution without any abnormality such as turbidity or precipitation.
- a liquid crystal display element using glass as a substrate was produced, and each evaluation described above was performed.
- Example 22 ⁇ -BL (4.67 g) and PGME (30.4 g) were added to the polyimide powder (8) (2.20 g) obtained in Synthesis Example 8, and dissolved by stirring at 70 ° C. for 24 hours. To this solution, MIBK (11.7 g), S1 (0.22 g), M1 (0.11 g) and K1 (0.44 g) were added and stirred at 25 ° C. for 2 hours to obtain a liquid crystal aligning agent (19). Got. This liquid crystal aligning agent was confirmed to be a uniform solution without any abnormality such as turbidity or precipitation. Using the obtained liquid crystal aligning agent (19) and the liquid crystal composition (1), two types of liquid crystal display elements using glass and plastic as a substrate were produced, and each evaluation described above was performed.
- NEP (18.7 g) was added to the polyimide powder (8) (2.20 g) obtained in Synthesis Example 8, and dissolved by stirring at 70 ° C. for 24 hours.
- PB (18.7 g) and DIBK (9.34 g) were added and stirred at 25 ° C. for 2 hours to obtain a liquid crystal aligning agent (20).
- This liquid crystal aligning agent was confirmed to be a uniform solution without any abnormality such as turbidity or precipitation.
- a liquid crystal display element using a glass as a substrate was prepared, and each evaluation described above was performed.
- Example 24 NMP (4.67 g) and NEP (18.7 g) were added to the polyimide powder (9) (2.20 g) obtained in Synthesis Example 9, and dissolved by stirring at 70 ° C. for 24 hours. BCS (9.34g) and MIBK (14.0g) were added to this solution, and it stirred at 25 degreeC for 2 hours, and obtained the liquid-crystal aligning agent (21). This liquid crystal aligning agent was confirmed to be a uniform solution without any abnormality such as turbidity or precipitation. Using the obtained liquid crystal aligning agent (21) and the liquid crystal composition (1), a liquid crystal display element using a glass as a substrate was prepared, and each evaluation described above was performed.
- Example 25 ⁇ -BL (8.91 g) and PGME (13.4 g) were added to the polyimide powder (9) (2.10 g) obtained in Synthesis Example 9, and dissolved by stirring at 70 ° C. for 24 hours. To this solution, PB (8.91 g) and MEK (13.4 g) were added and stirred at 25 ° C. for 2 hours to obtain a liquid crystal aligning agent (22). This liquid crystal aligning agent was confirmed to be a uniform solution without any abnormality such as turbidity or precipitation. Using the obtained liquid crystal aligning agent (22) and the liquid crystal composition (1), two types of liquid crystal display elements using glass and plastic as a substrate were prepared, and each evaluation described above was performed. In addition, regarding the evaluation of adhesion between the liquid crystal layer and the vertical liquid crystal alignment film (plastic substrate), an emphasis test was performed under the same conditions as in Example 6 together with the standard test. As a result, a small amount of bubbles was observed in the device.
- Example 26 To the polysiloxane solution (1) (20.0 g) obtained in Synthesis Example 12, ECS (7.87 g), BCS (10.2 g), MIBK (15.3 g), S2 (0.12 g) and M2 ( 0.12 g) was added and the mixture was stirred at 25 ° C. for 5 hours to obtain a liquid crystal aligning agent (23).
- This liquid crystal aligning agent was confirmed to be a uniform solution without any abnormality such as turbidity or precipitation.
- two types of liquid crystal display elements using glass and plastic as a substrate were prepared, and each evaluation described above was performed.
- an emphasis test was performed under the same conditions as in Example 6 together with the standard test. As a result, no bubbles were found in the device.
- Example 27 Using the liquid crystal aligning agent (23) obtained in Example 26 and the liquid crystal composition (2), two types of liquid crystal display elements using glass and plastic as a substrate were prepared, and each evaluation described above was performed.
- Example 28 EC (7.87 g), PB (5.09 g), MEK (5.09 g) and MIBK (15.3 g) were added to the polysiloxane solution (2) (20.0 g) obtained in Synthesis Example 13. It stirred at 25 degreeC for 5 hours, and obtained the liquid-crystal aligning agent (24). This liquid crystal aligning agent was confirmed to be a uniform solution without any abnormality such as turbidity or precipitation. Using the obtained liquid crystal aligning agent (24) and the liquid crystal composition (1), two types of liquid crystal display elements using glass and plastic as a substrate were prepared, and each evaluation described above was performed.
- Example 29 Using the liquid crystal aligning agent (24) obtained in Example 28 and the liquid crystal composition (2), two types of liquid crystal display elements using glass and plastic as a substrate were prepared, and each evaluation described above was performed.
- Example 30 To the polysiloxane solution (3) (21.0 g) obtained in Synthesis Example 14, EC (8.26 g), BCS (16.0 g), MIBK (2.68 g), DIBK (8.03 g) and K1 ( 0.076 g) was added, and the mixture was stirred at 25 ° C. for 5 hours to obtain a liquid crystal aligning agent (25).
- This liquid crystal aligning agent was confirmed to be a uniform solution without any abnormality such as turbidity or precipitation.
- two types of liquid crystal display elements using glass and plastic as a substrate were prepared, and each evaluation described above was performed.
- Example 31 To the polysiloxane solution (3) (21.0 g) obtained in Synthesis Example 14, EC (8.26 g), BCS (16.0 g), MIBK (2.68 g), DIBK (8.03 g), S1 ( 0.126 g), M2 (0.252 g), and K1 (0.076 g) were added, and the mixture was stirred at 25 ° C. for 5 hours to obtain a liquid crystal aligning agent (26).
- This liquid crystal aligning agent was confirmed to be a uniform solution without any abnormality such as turbidity or precipitation.
- two types of liquid crystal display elements using glass and plastic as a substrate were prepared, and each evaluation described above was performed.
- Example 32 To the polysiloxane solution (4) (20.0 g) obtained in Synthesis Example 15, ECS (7.87 g), BCS (10.2 g), MIBK (15.3 g), S2 (0.12 g) and M2 ( 0.12 g) was added and the mixture was stirred at 25 ° C. for 5 hours to obtain a liquid crystal aligning agent (27).
- This liquid crystal aligning agent was confirmed to be a uniform solution without any abnormality such as turbidity or precipitation.
- the obtained liquid crystal aligning agent (27) and the liquid crystal composition (1) two types of liquid crystal display elements using glass and plastic as a substrate were prepared, and each evaluation described above was performed.
- the vertical liquid crystal alignment films obtained from the liquid crystal aligning agents of the examples had higher coating film uniformity, that is, fewer pinholes than the comparative examples.
- a comparison between an example using a specific solvent and a comparative example not used that is, Example 2 and Comparative Example 3, Example 4 and Comparative Example 5, Example 6 And Comparative Example 7, and Comparison between Example 28 and Comparative Example 9.
- the liquid crystal display element using the vertical liquid crystal alignment film obtained from the liquid crystal alignment treatment agent of the example showed higher liquid crystal vertical alignment and better liquid crystal alignment than the comparative example.
- the liquid crystal orientation was not disturbed even after being stored in the high temperature bath for a long time.
- a comparison between an example using a specific solvent and a comparative example not using a comparison between Example 2 and Comparative Example 3, Example 3 and Comparative Example 4, and Example 4
- Example 5 and Comparative Example 6, Example 6 and Comparative Example 7, Example 28 and Comparative Example 8, and Example 29 and Comparative Example 9 In particular, in the comparative example, alignment defects associated with pinholes were observed in the initial stage.
- the liquid crystal display element using the vertical liquid crystal alignment film obtained from the liquid crystal alignment treatment agent of the example has higher adhesion between the liquid crystal layer and the vertical liquid crystal alignment film than the comparative example.
- a comparison between an example using a specific solvent and a comparative example not using a comparison between Example 2 and Comparative Example 3, Example 3 and Comparative Example 4, and Example 4
- the liquid crystal display element of the present invention can be suitably used for a reverse type element, and furthermore, the coating film uniformity of the vertical liquid crystal alignment film is high, and the alignment defects due to coating film defects such as repellency and pinholes are less likely to occur.
- it can be used for a liquid crystal display for display purposes, a light control window for controlling transmission and blocking of light, an optical shutter element, and the like.
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Abstract
Description
偏光板を用いずに光の利用効率の高い液晶表示素子として、液晶の透過状態(透明状態ともいう)と散乱状態との間でスイッチングを行う液晶表示素子があり、一般的には、高分子分散型液晶(PDLC(Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal)ともいう)や高分子ネットワーク型液晶(PNLC(Polymer Network Liquid Crystal)を用いたものが知られている。
ノーマル型素子に対して、電圧無印加時に透過状態となり、電圧印加時には、散乱状態になるPDLCを用いた液晶表示素子(リバース型素子ともいう)が報告されている(例えば、特許文献1、2参照)。
また、液晶表示素子においては、液晶配向膜の塗膜均一性が高いことが求められる。すなわち、はじきやピンホールなどの塗膜不良や、塗膜ムラが無いことが必要となる。液晶配向膜の塗膜均一性が低い場合、塗膜不良や塗膜ムラが、表示欠陥や表示ムラとなり、液晶表示素子の表示特性を低下させてしまう。そのため、液晶配向処理剤には、液晶表示素子の基板であるガラス基板やプラスチック基板に対して、濡れ拡がり性が高いことが必要となる。
更に、液晶表示素子に用いる垂直液晶配向膜を作製する際の焼成が低温で可能である液晶配向処理剤を提供することを目的とする。
(1)電極を備えた一対の基板の間に液晶層を有し、前記一対の基板の間に活性エネルギー線及び熱の少なくとも一方により重合する重合性化合物を含む液晶組成物を配置し、更に、基板の少なくとも一方が液晶を垂直に配向させるような液晶配向膜を有し、液晶組成物の一部又は全体が液晶性を示す状態で前記液晶組成物の硬化を行い、液晶と重合性化合物の硬化物複合体を形成させて得られる液晶表示素子であり、前記液晶配向膜が、下記式[1]で示される溶媒を含み、かつ下記式[2-1]及び式[2-2]で示される構造からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種を有する重合体を含む液晶配向処理剤から得られる液晶配向膜からなる液晶表示素子。
(3)前記重合体が、アクリルポリマー、メタクリルポリマー、ノボラック樹脂、ポリヒドロキシスチレン、ポリイミド前駆体、ポリイミド、ポリアミド、ポリエステル、セルロース及びポリシロキサンから選ばれる少なくとも1種の重合体である上記(1)又は(2)に記載の液晶表示素子。
(4)前記重合体が、前記式[2-1]及び式[2-2]で示される構造からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の側鎖を有するジアミンを原料の一部に用いて得られる、ポリイミド前駆体及びポリイミドからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の重合体である上記(3)に記載の液晶表示素子。
(6)前記重合体が、下記式[3]で示される第2のジアミンを原料の一部に用いて得られる、ポリイミド前駆体及びポリイミドからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の重合体である上記(3)~(5)のいずれかに記載の液晶表示素子。
(10)前記液晶配向処理剤が、1-ヘキサノール、シクロヘキサノール、1,2-エタンジオール、1,2-プロパンジオール、プロピレングリコールモノブチルエーテル、エチレングリコールモノブチルエーテル及びジプロピレングリコールジメチルエーテルからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1つの溶媒を含有する上記(1)~(9)のいずれかに記載の液晶表示素子。
(12)前記液晶配向処理剤が、光ラジカル発生剤、光酸発生剤及び光塩基発生剤からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の発生剤を含有する上記(1)~(11)のいずれかに記載の液晶表示素子。
(15)前記基板が、プラスチック基板である上記(1)~(14)のいずれかに記載の液晶表示素子。
(16)上記(1)~(15)のいずれかに記載の液晶表示素子に用いる液晶配向膜。
(17)上記(16)に記載の液晶配向膜を形成するための液晶配向処理剤。
更に、垂直液晶配向膜を作製する際の焼成を低温でできることにより、基板にプラスチック基板を用いることができる。
本発明に用いる特定溶媒は、従来の液晶配向処理剤に用いられている溶媒、例えば、NMPに比べて沸点が低いため、液晶配向膜を作製する際の焼成工程を低温で行うことができる。
以上の点から、特定構造の溶媒及び特定側鎖構造を有する重合体を含む液晶配向処理剤から得られる垂直配向膜を用いることで、液晶の垂直配向性が高く、良好な光学特性が得られ、更に、液晶層と垂直液晶配向膜との密着性が高い液晶表示素子を得ることができる。
また、本発明の液晶配向処理剤を用いることで、垂直液晶配向膜の塗膜均一性が高く、はじきやピンホールなどの塗膜不良に伴う配向欠陥が発生しにくい液晶表示素子を得ることができる。
本発明の液晶表示素子は、特に、電圧無印加時に透過状態となり、電圧印加時には、散乱状態になるリバース型素子に好適に用いることができ、表示を目的とする液晶ディスプレイ、更には、光の透過と遮断を制御する調光窓や光シャッター素子などとして用いることができる。また、垂直液晶配向膜を作製する際の焼成を低温で行うことができることから、基板には、プラスチック基板を用いることができる。
本発明の液晶表示素子は、電極を備えた一対の基板の間に液晶層を有してなり、前記一対の基板の間に活性エネルギー線及び熱の少なくとも一方により重合する重合性化合物を含む液晶組成物を配置し、更に、基板の少なくとも一方が液晶を垂直に配向させるような液晶配向膜を有し、液晶組成物の一部又は全体が液晶性を示す状態で前記液晶組成物の硬化を行い、液晶と重合性化合物の硬化物複合体を形成させる工程を経て製造され、電圧無印加時に透過状態となり、電圧印加時には、散乱状態になるリバース型素子に好適に用いることができる。
特定溶媒は、下記式[1]で示される。
式[1]としては、2-ブタノン、3-ペンタノン、4-メチル-2-ペンタノン及び2,6-ジメチル-4-ヘプタノンから選ばれる少なくとも1種であることが好ましい。
また、特定溶媒は、特定重合体の溶解性、垂直液晶配向膜にした際の液晶の垂直配向性、更には、液晶表示素子の光学特性などの特性に応じて、1種又は2種以上を混合して使用できる。
本発明の液晶表示素子は、基板の少なくとも一方に液晶を垂直に配向させるような垂直液晶配向膜を有する素子である。前記垂直液晶配向膜は、下記式[2-1]又は式[2-2]の構造を有する特定重合体を含む液晶配向処理剤から得られる。
Y3は単結合、-(CH2)c-(cは1~15の整数を示す)、-O-、-CH2O-、-COO-及び-OCO-から選ばれる少なくとも1種を示す。なかでも、合成の容易さの点から、単結合、-(CH2)c-(cは1~15の整数を示す)、-O-、-CH2O-又は-COO-が好ましい。より好ましいのは、単結合、-(CH2)c-(cは1~10の整数を示す)、-O-、-CH2O-又は-COO-である。
nは0~4の整数を示す。なかでも、原料の入手性や合成の容易さの点から、0~3が好ましい。より好ましいのは、0~2である。
Y8は炭素数8~22のアルキル基又は炭素数6~18のフッ素含有アルキル基を示す。なかでも、炭素数8~18のアルキル基が好ましい。
特定側鎖構造としては、高くて安定な液晶の垂直配向性を得ることができる点から、前記式[2-1]で示される特定側鎖構造を用いることが好ましい。
特定側鎖構造を有する特定重合体としては、特に限定は無いが、アクリルポリマー、メタクリルポリマー、ノボラック樹脂、ポリヒドロキシスチレン、ポリイミド前駆体、ポリイミド、ポリアミド、ポリエステル、セルロース及びポリシロキサンからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1つの重合体であることが好ましい。なかでも、ポリイミド前駆体、ポリイミド又はポリシロキサンが好ましい。
本発明の特定重合体にポリイミド前駆体又はポリイミド(総称してポリイミド系重合体ともいう)を用いる場合、それらは、ジアミン成分とテトラカルボン酸成分とを反応させて得られるポリイミド前駆体又はポリイミドであることが好ましい。
本発明のポリイミド系重合体は、下記式[B]で示されるテトラカルボン酸二無水物と下記式[C]で示されるジアミンとを原料とすることで、比較的簡便に得られるという理由から、下記式[D]で示される繰り返し単位の構造式からなるポリアミド酸又は該ポリアミド酸をイミド化させたポリイミドが好ましい。なかでも、本発明の特定ポリイミド系重合体には、垂直液晶配向膜の物理的及び化学的安定性の点から、ポリイミドを用いることが好ましい。
また、通常の合成手法で、上記で得られた式[D]の重合体に、式[A]で示されるA1及びA2の炭素数1~8のアルキル基、及び式[A]で示されるA3及びA4の炭素数1~5のアルキル基又はアセチル基を導入することもできる。
Y3は単結合、-(CH2)c-(cは1~15の整数を示す)、-O-、-CH2O-、-COO-及び-OCO-から選ばれる少なくとも1種を示す。なかでも、合成の容易さの点から、単結合、-(CH2)c-(cは1~15の整数を示す)、-O-、-CH2O-又は-COO-が好ましい。より好ましいのは、単結合、-(CH2)c-(cは1~10の整数を示す)、-O-、-CH2O-又は-COO-である。
nは0~4の整数を示す。なかでも、原料の入手性や合成の容易さの点から、0~3が好ましい。より好ましいのは、0~2である。
mは1~4の整数である。好ましくは、1の整数である。
特定側鎖型ジアミンは、ポリイミド系重合体の溶媒への溶解性、垂直液晶配向膜にした際の液晶の垂直配向性、更には、液晶表示素子の光学特性などの特性に応じて、1種又は2種以上を混合して使用できる。
mは1~4の整数を示す。なかでも、1の整数が好ましい。
2,4-ジメチル-m-フェニレンジアミン、2,6-ジアミノトルエン、2,4-ジアミノフェノール、3,5-ジアミノフェノール、3,5-ジアミノベンジルアルコール、2,4-ジアミノベンジルアルコール、4,6-ジアミノレゾルシノール、2,4-ジアミノ安息香酸、2,5-ジアミノ安息香酸、3,5-ジアミノ安息香酸等が挙げられる。
特定重合体にポリイミド系重合体を用いる場合のジアミン成分としては、前記式[2]で示される特定側鎖型ジアミン及び前記式[3]で示される第2のジアミン以外のジアミン(その他ジアミンともいう)をジアミン成分として用いることもできる。下記に、その他ジアミンの具体例を挙げるが、これらの例に限定されるものではない。
特定テトラカルボン酸成分は全テトラカルボン酸成分中の1モル%以上が好ましく、5モル%以上がより好ましく、10モル%以上が特に好ましい。
また、式[4]のZが、式[4e]、式[4f]又は式[4g]の構造である特定テトラカルボン酸成分を用いる場合、その使用量は、テトラカルボン酸成分全体の20モル%以上とすることが好ましい。より好ましくは、30モル%以上である。更に、テトラカルボン酸成分の全てが式[4e]、式[4f]又は式[4g]の構造のテトラカルボン酸成分であってもよい。
その他のテトラカルボン酸成分としては、以下に示すテトラカルボン酸化合物、テトラカルボン酸二無水物、ジカルボン酸ジハライド化合物、ジカルボン酸ジアルキルエステル化合物又はジアルキルエステルジハライド化合物が挙げられる。
その他のテトラカルボン酸成分としては、ピロメリット酸、2,3,6,7-ナフタレンテトラカルボン酸、1,2,5,6-ナフタレンテトラカルボン酸、1,4,5,8-ナフタレンテトラカルボン酸、2,3,6,7-アントラセンテトラカルボン酸、1,2,5,6-アントラセンテトラカルボン酸、3,3’,4,4’-ビフェニルテトラカルボン酸、2,3,3’,4’-ビフェニルテトラカルボン酸、ビス(3,4-ジカルボキシフェニル)エーテル、3,3’,4,4’-ベンゾフェノンテトラカルボン酸、ビス(3,4-ジカルボキシフェニル)スルホン、ビス(3,4-ジカルボキシフェニル)メタン、2,2-ビス(3,4-ジカルボキシフェニル)プロパン、1,1,1,3,3,3-ヘキサフルオロ-2,2-ビス(3,4-ジカルボキシフェニル)プロパン、ビス(3,4-ジカルボキシフェニル)ジメチルシラン、ビス(3,4-ジカルボキシフェニル)ジフェニルシラン、2,3,4,5-ピリジンテトラカルボン酸、2,6-ビス(3,4-ジカルボキシフェニル)ピリジン、3,3’,4,4’-ジフェニルスルホンテトラカルボン酸、3,4,9,10-ペリレンテトラカルボン酸又は1,3-ジフェニル-1,2,3,4-シクロブタンテトラカルボン酸が挙げられる。
特定テトラカルボン酸成分及びその他のテトラカルボン酸成分は、ポリイミド系重合体の溶媒への溶解性、垂直液晶配向膜にした際の液晶の垂直配向性、更には、液晶表示素子の光学特性などの特性に応じて、1種又は2種以上を混合して使用できる。
ポリアミド酸アルキルエステルを得るには、カルボン酸基をジアルキルエステル化したテトラカルボン酸と1級又は2級のジアミンとを重縮合させる方法、カルボン酸基をジアルキルエステル化したジカルボン酸ジハライドと1級又は2級のジアミンとを重縮合させる方法、又はポリアミド酸のカルボキシル基をエステルに変換する方法が用いられる。
ポリイミドを得るには、前記のポリアミド酸又はポリアミド酸アルキルエステルを閉環させてポリイミドとする方法が用いられる。
例えば、本発明の特定溶媒、N-メチル-2-ピロリドン、N-エチル-2-ピロリドン又はγ-ブチロラクトン、N,N-ジメチルホルムアミド、N,N-ジメチルアセトアミド、ジメチルスルホキシド、1,3-ジメチル-イミダゾリジノン、シクロヘキサノン、シクロペンタノン、4-ヒドロキシ-4-メチル-2-ペンタノンなどが挙げられる。
これらは単独で使用しても、混合して使用してもよい。更に、ポリイミド前駆体を溶解させない溶媒であっても、生成したポリイミド前駆体が析出しない範囲で、上記溶媒に混合して使用してもよい。また、溶媒中の水分は重合反応を阻害し、更には生成したポリイミド前駆体を加水分解させる原因となるので、溶媒は脱水乾燥させたものを用いることが好ましい。
その際の重合温度は-20~150℃の任意の温度を選択することができるが、好ましくは-5~100℃の範囲である。また、反応は任意の濃度で行うことができるが、濃度が低すぎると高分子量の重合体を得ることが難しくなり、濃度が高すぎると反応液の粘性が高くなり過ぎて均一な攪拌が困難となる。そのため、好ましくは1~50質量%、より好ましくは5~30質量%である。反応初期は高濃度で行い、その後、溶媒を追加することができる。
前記のポリイミド前駆体を閉環させるとポリイミドが得られる。ポリイミドのイミド化率(アミド酸基の閉環率)は必ずしも100%である必要はなく、用途や目的に応じて任意に調整することができる。
ポリイミド前駆体をイミド化させる方法としては、ポリイミド前駆体の溶液をそのまま加熱する熱イミド化又はポリイミド前駆体の溶液に触媒を添加する触媒イミド化が挙げられる。
ポリイミド前駆体を溶液中で熱イミド化させる場合の温度は、100~400℃、好ましくは120~250℃であり、イミド化反応により生成する水を系外に除きながら行う方が好ましい。
ポリイミド系重合体の分子量は、そこから得られる垂直液晶配向膜の強度、垂直膜形成時の作業性及び塗膜性を考慮した場合、GPC(Gel Permeation Chromatography)法で測定した重量平均分子量で5,000~1,000,000とするのが好ましく、より好ましくは、10,000~150,000である。
すなわち、オクチルトリメトキシシラン、オクチルトリエトキシシラン、デシルトリメトキシシラン、ドデシルトリメトキシシラン、ドデシルトリエトキシシラン、ヘキサデシルトリメトキシシラン、ヘキサデシルトリエトキシシラン、ペンチルトリエトキシシラン、ヘプタデシルトリメトキシシラン、ヘプタデシルトリエトキシシラン、オクタデシルトリメトキシシラン、オクタデシルトリエトキシシラン、ノナデシルトリメトキシシラン、ノナデシルトリエトキシシラン、イソオクチルトリエトキシシラン、フェネチルトリエトキシシラン、ペンタフルオロフェニルプロピルトリメトキシシラン、m-スチリルエチルトリメトキシシラン、p-スチリルエチルトリメトキシシラン、1-ナフチルトリエトキシシラン、1-ナフチルトリメトキシシラン、トリエトキシ-1H,1H,2H,2H-トリデカフルオロ-n-オクチルシラン、ジメトキシジフェニルシラン、ジメトキシメチルフェニルシラン、トリエトキシフェニルシランなどが挙げられる。
前記式[A1]で示されるアルコキシシランは、ポリシロキサン系重合体の溶媒への溶解性、垂直液晶配向膜にした際の液晶の垂直配向性、更には、液晶表示素子の光学特性などの特性に応じて、2種以上を混合して使用できる。
B3は炭素数1~5のアルキル基を示す。なかでも、重縮合の反応性の点から、炭素数1~3のアルキル基が好ましい。
mは1又は2の整数を示す。なかでも、合成の点からは、1が好ましい。
nは0~2の整数を示す。
pは0~3の整数を示す。なかでも、重縮合の反応性の点から、1~3の整数が好ましい。より好ましくは、2又は3である。
式[A2]中、m+n+pは4の整数を示す。
すなわち、アリルトリエトキシシラン、アリルトリメトキシシラン、ジエトキシメチルビニルシラン、ジメトキシメチルビニルシラン、トリエトキシビニルシラン、ビニルトリメトキシシラン、ビニルトリス(2-メトキシエトキシ)シラン、m-スチリルエチルトリエトキシシラン、p-スチリルエチルトリエトキシシラン、m-スチリルメチルトリエトキシシラン、p-スチリルメチルトリエトキシシラン、3-(N-スチリルメチル-2-アミノエチルアミノ)プロピルトリメトキシシラン、ジエトキシ(3-グリシジルオキシプロピル)メチルシラン、3-グリシジルオキシプロピル(ジメトキシ)メチルシラン、3-グリシジルオキシプロピルトリメトキシシラン、2-(3,4-エポキシシクロヘキシル)エチルトリメトキシシラン、3-(2-アミノエチルアミノ)プロピルジメトキシメチルシラン、3-(2-アミノエチルアミノ)プロピルトリエトキシシラン、3-(2-アミノエチルアミノ)プロピルトリメトキシシラン、3-アミノプロピルジエトキシメチルシラン、3-アミノプロピルトリエトキシシラン、3-アミノプロピルトリメトキシシラン、トリメトキシ[3-(フェニルアミノ)プロピル]シラン、3-メルカプトプロピル(ジメトキシ)メチルシラン、(3-メルカプトプロピル)トリエトキシシラン、(3-メルカプトプロピル)トリメトキシシラン、3-(トリエトキシシリル)プロピルイソシアネート、3-(トリエトキシシリル)プロピルメタクリレート、3-(トリメトキシシリル)プロピルメタクリレート、3-(トリエトキシシリル)プロピルアクリレート、3-(トリメトキシシリル)プロピルアクリレート、3-(トリエトキシシリル)エチルメタクリレート、3-(トリメトキシシリル)エチルメタクリレート、3-(トリエトキシシリル)エチルアクリレート、3-(トリメトキシシリル)エチルアクリレート、3-(トリエトキシシリル)メチルメタクリレート、3-(トリメトキシシリル)メチルメタクリレート、3-(トリエトキシシリル)メチルアクリレート、3-(トリメトキシシリル)メチルアクリレート、γ-ウレイドプロピルトリエトキシシラン、γ-ウレイドプロピルトリメトキシシラン、γ-ウレイドプロピルトリプロポキシシラン、(R)-N-1-フェニルエチル-N’-トリエトキシシリルプロピルウレア、(R)-N-1-フェニルエチル-N’-トリメトキシシリルプロピルウレア、ビス[3-(トリメトキシシリル)プロピル]ウレア、ビス[3-(トリプロポキシシリル)プロピル]ウレア、1-[3-(トリメトキシシリル)プロピル]ウレア等が挙げられる。
前記式[A2]で示されるアルコキシシランは、ポリシロキサン系重合体の溶媒への溶解性、垂直液晶配向膜にした際の液晶の垂直配向性、更には、液晶表示素子の光学特性などの特性に応じて、2種以上を混合して使用できる。
D2は、炭素数1~5のアルキル基を示す。なかでも、重縮合の反応性の点から、炭素数1~3のアルキル基が好ましい。
nは0~3の整数を示す。
すなわち、テトラメトキシシラン、テトラエトキシシラン、テトラプロポキシシラン、テトラブトキシシラン、メチルトリメトキシシラン、メチルトリエトキシシラン、エチルトリメトキシシラン、エチルトリエトキシシラン、プロピルトリメトキシシラン、プロピルトリエトキシシラン、メチルトリプロポキシシラン、ジメチルジメトキシシラン、ジメチルジエトキシシラン、ジエトキシジエチルシラン、ジブトキシジメチルシラン、(クロロメチル)トリエトキシシラン、3-クロロプロピルジメトキシメチルシラン、3-クロロプロピルトリエトキシシラン、2-シアノエチルトリエトキシシラン、トリメトキシ(3,3,3-トリフルオロプロピル)シラン、ヘキシルトリメトキシシラン、3-トリメトキシシリルプロピルクロライドなどが挙げられる。
前記式[A3]で示されるアルコキシシランは、本発明のポリシロキサン系重合体の溶媒への溶解性、垂直液晶配向膜にした際の液晶の垂直配向性、更には、液晶表示素子の光学特性などの特性に応じて、2種以上を混合して使用できる。
すなわち、式[A1]で示されるアルコキシシランのみで重縮合させて得られるポリシロキサン、式[A1]と式[A2]で示される2種のアルコキシシランを重縮合させて得られるポリシロキサン、式[A1]と式[A3]で示される2種のアルコキシシランを重縮合させて得られるポリシロキサン、又は式[A1]、式[A2]及び式[A3]で示される3種のアルコキシシランを重縮合させて得られるポリシロキサンのうちのいずれか1種である。
本発明に用いるポリシロキサン系重合体を作製する方法は特に限定されない。前記式[A1]で示されるアルコキシシランを溶媒中で重縮合させて得る方法、式[A1]と前記式[A2]で示されるアルコキシシランを溶媒中で重縮合させて得る方法、式[A1]と前記式[A3]で示されるアルコキシシランを溶媒中で重縮合させて得る方法、更に、式[A1]、式[A2]及び式[A3]で示されるアルコキシシランを溶媒中で重縮合させて得る方法が挙げられる。また、本発明のポリシロキサン系重合体は、これらアルコキシシランを重縮合して、溶媒に均一に溶解した溶液として得られる。
アルコキシシランの重縮合反応に用いる溶媒としては、本発明の特定溶媒やアルコキシシランが溶解するものであれば、特に限定されない。また、アルコキシシランが溶解しない溶媒であっても、アルコキシシランの重縮合反応の進行とともに溶解するものであればよい。重縮合反応に用いる溶媒としては、一般的に、アルコキシシランの重縮合反応によりアルコールが発生するため、アルコール系溶媒、グリコール系溶媒、グリコールエーテル系溶媒又はアルコールと相溶性がよい溶媒が用いられる。
また、本発明においては、重縮合反応の際、これらの溶媒は、2種以上を混合して用いることもできる。
本発明においては、前記方法で得られたポリシロキサン系重合体の溶液を、そのまま特定重合体として用いても良いし、必要に応じて、前記方法で得られたポリシロキサン系重合体の溶液を濃縮したり、溶媒を加えて希釈したり、他の溶媒に置換して、特定重合体として用いることもできる。
更に、本発明において、特定重合体にポリシロキサン系重合体とそれ以外の重合体を用いる場合、ポリシロキサン系重合体にそれ以外の重合体を混合する前に、ポリシロキサン系重合体の重縮合反応の際に発生するアルコールを常圧又は減圧で留去しておくことが好ましい。
本発明の液晶配向処理剤は、垂直液晶配向膜を形成するための塗布溶液であり、前記式[1]で示される特定溶媒、及び前記式[2-1]及び式[2-2]で示される構造からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の特定側鎖構造を有する特定重合体を含む塗布溶液である。
特定側鎖構造を有する特定重合体としては、前述した通り、特に限定は無いが、アクリルポリマー、メタクリルポリマー、ノボラック樹脂、ポリヒドロキシスチレン、ポリイミド前駆体、ポリイミド、ポリアミド、ポリエステル、セルロース及びポリシロキサンからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1つの重合体であることが好ましい。なかでも、ポリイミド前駆体、ポリイミド又はポリシロキサンが好ましく、特に好ましいのは、ポリイミド又はポリシロキサンである。また、本発明の特定重合体には、これら重合体のなかの1種又は2種以上を用いることができる。
本発明の液晶配向処理剤中の溶媒の含有量は、液晶配向処理剤の塗布方法や目的とする膜厚を得るという観点から、適宜選択することができる。なかでも、塗布により均一な垂直液晶配向膜を形成する観点から、液晶配向処理剤中の溶媒の含有量は50~99.9質量%であることが好ましい。なかでも、60~99質量%が好ましく、特に好ましくは、65~99質量%である。
すなわち、N,N-ジメチルホルムアミド、N,N-ジメチルアセトアミド、N-メチル-2-ピロリドン、N-エチル-2-ピロリドン、ジメチルスルホキシド、γ-ブチロラクトン、1,3-ジメチル-イミダゾリジノン、シクロヘキサノン、シクロペンタノン、4-ヒドロキシ-4-メチル-2-ペンタノンなどである。なかでも、N-メチル-2-ピロリドン、N-エチル-2-ピロリドン又はγ-ブチロラクトンを用いることが好ましい。
また、これらは単独で使用しても、混合して使用してもよい。
なかでも、1-ヘキサノール、シクロヘキサノール、1,2-エタンジオール、1,2-プロパンジオール、プロピレングリコールモノブチルエーテル、エチレングリコールモノブチルエーテル又はジプロピレングリコールジメチルエーテルを用いることが好ましい。
また、シクロペンタノン、シクロヘキサノン又は上記式[S1]~式[S3]で示される溶媒を用いることも好ましい。
本発明の液晶配向処理剤中の溶媒は、全てが本発明の特定溶媒でも良いが、好ましくは、液晶配向処理剤に含まれる溶媒全体の1~80質量%である。より好ましいのは、1~70質量%であり、特に好ましいのは、5~60質量%である。最も好ましいのは、5~50質量%である。
光ラジカル発生剤としては、紫外線によりラジカルを発生するものであれば特に制限は無く、例えば、下記に示す光ラジカル発生剤が挙げられる。
すなわち、tert-ブチルペルオキシ-iso-ブタレート、2,5-ジメチル-2,5-ビス(ベンゾイルジオキシ)へキサン、1,4-ビス[α-(tert-ブチルジオキシ)-iso-プロポキシ]ベンゼン、ジ-tert-ブチルペルオキシド、2,5-ジメチル-2,5-ビス(tert-ブチルジオキシ)へキセンヒドロペルオキシド、α-(iso-プロピルフェニル)-iso-プロピルヒドロペルオキシド、2,5-ジメチルへキサン、tert-ブチルヒドロペルオキシド、1,1-ビス(tert-ブチルジオキシ)-3,3,5-トリメチルシクロへキサン、ブチル-4,4-ビス(tert-ブチルジオキシ)バレレート、シクロへキサノンペルオキシド、2,2’,5,5’-テトラ(tert-ブチルペルオキシカルボニル)ベンゾフェノン、3,3’,4,4’-テトラ(tert-ブチルペルオキシカルボニル)ベンゾフェノン、3,3’,4,4’-テトラ(tert-アミルペルオキシカルボニル)ベンゾフェノン、3,3’,4,4’-テトラ(tert-ヘキシルペルオキシカルボニル)ベンゾフェノン、3,3’-ビス(tert-ブチルペルオキシカルボニル)-4,4’-ジカルボキシベンゾフェノン、tert-ブチルペルオキシベンゾエート、ジ-tert-ブチルジペルオキシイソフタレートなどの有機過酸化物;9,10-アントラキノン、1-クロロアントラキノン、2-クロロアントラキノン、オクタメチルアントラキノン、1,2-ベンズアントラキノンなどのキノン類;ベンゾインメチル、ベンゾインエチルエーテル、α-メチルベンゾイン、α-フェニルベンゾインなどのベンゾイン誘導体;などである。
本発明の液晶配向処理剤における、特定発生剤の含有量は、全ての重合体成分100質量部に対して、0.01~50質量部であることが好ましい。より好ましいのは、0.01~30質量部であり、特に好ましいのは、0.1~20質量部である。
また、特定発生剤は、特定発生剤の溶媒への溶解性、垂直液晶配向膜にした際の液晶の垂直配向性、更には、液晶表示素子の光学特性などの特性に応じて、2種以上を混合して使用できる。
式[M7]中、W2は、ベンゼン環、シクロへキサン環及び複素環より選ばれる少なくとも1種の環状基を示し、W3は、炭素数1~18のアルキル基、炭素数1~18のフッ素含有アルキル基、炭素数1~18のアルコキシ基及び炭素数1~18のフッ素含有アルコキシ基から選ばれる1種を示す。
すなわち、トリメチロールプロパントリ(メタ)アクリレート、ペンタエリスリトールトリ(メタ)アクリレート、ジペンタエリスリトールペンタ(メタ)アクリレート、トリ(メタ)アクリロイルオキシエトキシトリメチロールプロパン、グリセリンポリグリシジルエーテルポリ(メタ)アクリレート等の重合性不飽和基を分子内に3個有する化合物;エチレングリコールジ(メタ)アクリレート、ジエチレングリコールジ(メタ)アクリレート、テトラエチレングリコールジ(メタ)アクリレート、ポリエチレングリコールジ(メタ)アクリレート、プロピレングリコールジ(メタ)アクリレート、ポリプロピレングリコールジ(メタ)アクリレート、ブチレングリコールジ(メタ)アクリレート、ネオペンチルグリコールジ(メタ)アクリレート、エチレンオキサイドビスフェノールA型ジ(メタ)アクリレート、プロピレンオキサイドビスフェノール型ジ(メタ)アクリレート、1,6-へキサンジオールジ(メタ)アクリレート、グリセリンジ(メタ)アクリレート、ペンタエリスリトールジ(メタ)アクリレート、エチレングリコールジグリシジルエーテルジ(メタ)アクリレート、ジエチレングリコールジグリシジルエーテルジ(メタ)アクリレート、フタル酸ジグリシジルエステルジ(メタ)アクリレート、ヒドロキシピバリン酸ネオペンチルグリコールジ(メタ)アクリレートなどの重合性不飽和基を分子内に2個有する化合物;2-ヒドロキシエチル(メタ)アクリレート、2-ヒドロキシプロピル(メタ)アクリレート、2-ヒドロキシブチル(メタ)アクリレート、2-フェノキシ-2-ヒドロキシプロピル(メタ)アクリレート、2-(メタ)アクリロイルオキシ-2-ヒドロキシプロピルフタレート、3-クロロ-2-ヒドロキシプロピル(メタ)アクリレート、グリセリンモノ(メタ)アクリレート、2-(メタ)アクリロイルオキシエチルリン酸エステル、N-メチロール(メタ)アクリルアミド等の重合性不飽和基を分子内に1個有する化合物;などである。
本発明の液晶配向処理剤には、本発明の効果を損なわない限り、エポキシ基、イソシアネート基、オキセタン基又はシクロカーボネート基を有する化合物、ヒドロキシ基、ヒドロキシアルキル基及び低級アルコキシアルキル基からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の置換基を有する化合物(総称して特定架橋性化合物ともいう)を導入することが好ましい。その際、これら置換基は、架橋性化合物中に2個以上有する必要がある。
すなわち、ビスフェノールアセトングリシジルエーテル、フェノールノボラックエポキシ樹脂、クレゾールノボラックエポキシ樹脂、トリグリシジルイソシアヌレート、テトラグリシジルアミノジフェニレン、テトラグリシジル-m-キシレンジアミン、テトラグリシジル-1,3-ビス(アミノエチル)シクロヘキサン、テトラフェニルグリシジルエーテルエタン、トリフェニルグリシジルエーテルエタン、ビスフェノールヘキサフルオロアセトジグリシジルエーテル、1,3-ビス(1-(2,3-エポキシプロポキシ)-1-トリフルオロメチル-2,2,2-トリフルオロメチル)ベンゼン、4,4-ビス(2,3-エポキシプロポキシ)オクタフルオロビフェニル、トリグリシジル-p-アミノフェノール、テトラグリシジルメタキシレンジアミン、2-(4-(2,3-エポキシプロポキシ)フェニル)-2-(4-(1,1-ビス(4-(2,3-エポキシプロポキシ)フェニル)エチル)フェニル)プロパン、1,3-ビス(4-(1-(4-(2,3-エポキシプロポキシ)フェニル)-1-(4-(1-(4-(2,3-エポキシプロポキシ)フェニル)-1-メチルエチル)フェニル)エチル)フェノキシ)-2-プロパノールなどである。
より具体的には、国際公開WO2011/132751(2011.10.27公開)の62頁~66頁に掲載される、式[6-1]~式[6-48]で示される架橋性化合物が挙げられる。
また、前記特定架橋性化合物は、特定架橋性化合物の溶媒への溶解性、垂直液晶配向膜にした際の液晶の垂直配向性、更には、液晶表示素子の光学特性などの特性に応じて、2種以上を混合して使用できる。
本発明の液晶配向処理剤は、本発明の効果を損なわない限り、液晶配向処理剤を塗布した際の垂直液晶配向膜の膜厚の均一性や表面平滑性を向上させる化合物を用いることができる。更に、垂直液晶配向膜と基板との密着性を向上させる化合物などを用いることもできる。
例えば、3-アミノプロピルトリメトキシシラン、3-アミノプロピルトリエトキシシラン、2-アミノプロピルトリメトキシシラン、2-アミノプロピルトリエトキシシラン、N-(2-アミノエチル)-3-アミノプロピルトリメトキシシラン、N-(2-アミノエチル)-3-アミノプロピルメチルジメトキシシラン、3-ウレイドプロピルトリメトキシシラン、3-ウレイドプロピルトリエトキシシラン、N-エトキシカルボニル-3-アミノプロピルトリメトキシシラン、N-エトキシカルボニル-3-アミノプロピルトリエトキシシラン、N-トリエトキシシリルプロピルトリエチレントリアミン、N-トリメトキシシリルプロピルトリエチレントリアミン、10-トリメトキシシリル-1,4,7-トリアザデカン、10-トリエトキシシリル-1,4,7-トリアザデカン、9-トリメトキシシリル-3,6-ジアザノニルアセテート、9-トリエトキシシリル-3,6-ジアザノニルアセテート、N-ベンジル-3-アミノプロピルトリメトキシシラン、N-ベンジル-3-アミノプロピルトリエトキシシラン、N-フェニル-3-アミノプロピルトリメトキシシラン、N-フェニル-3-アミノプロピルトリエトキシシラン、N-ビス(オキシエチレン)-3-アミノプロピルトリメトキシシラン、N-ビス(オキシエチレン)-3-アミノプロピルトリエトキシシラン、エチレングリコールジグリシジルエーテル、ポリエチレングリコールジグリシジルエーテル、プロピレングリコールジグリシジルエーテル、トリプロピレングリコールジグリシジルエーテル、ポリプロピレングリコールジグリシジルエーテル、ネオペンチルグリコールジグリシジルエーテル、1,6-ヘキサンジオールジグリシジルエーテル、グリセリンジグリシジルエーテル、2,2-ジブロモネオペンチルグリコールジグリシジルエーテル、1,3,5,6-テトラグリシジル-2,4-ヘキサンジオール、N,N,N’,N’,-テトラグリシジル-m-キシレンジアミン、1,3-ビス(N,N-ジグリシジルアミノメチル)シクロヘキサン、N,N,N’,N’,-テトラグリシジル-4、4’-ジアミノジフェニルメタンなどが挙げられる。
本発明の液晶表示素子に用いる液晶組成物中の液晶には、ネマチック液晶やスメクチック液晶を用いることができる。なかでも、本発明の液晶表示素子には、負の誘電異方性を有するものが好ましい。また、本発明の液晶表示素子の低電圧駆動及び散乱特性の点からは、誘電率の異方性が大きく、屈折率の異方性が大きいものが好ましい。更に、本発明の液晶表示素子をTFT(Thin Film Transistor)などの能動素子として駆動させるためには、液晶の電気抵抗が高く、電圧保持率(VHRともいう)が高いことが求められる。そのため、液晶には、電気抵抗が高く、紫外線などの活性エネルギー線によりVHRが低下しないフッ素系や塩素系の液晶を用いることが好ましい。加えて、本発明の液晶表示素子に用いる液晶には、複屈折率(Δn)が大きいものを用いることが好ましい。
本発明の重合性化合物は、液晶に溶解すれば、どのような化合物であってもよい。ただし、重合性化合物を液晶に溶解した際に、本発明の液晶組成物の一部又は全体が液晶相を示す温度が存在することが必要となる。液晶組成物の一部が液晶相を示す場合であっても、本発明の液晶表示素子を肉眼で確認して、素子内全体が、ほぼ一様な透明性と散乱特性が得られていれば良い。
すなわち、2-エチルヘキシルアクリレート、ブチルエチルアクリレート、ブトキシエチルアクリレート、2-シアノエチルアクリレート、ベンジルアクリレート、シクロヘキシルアクリレート、2-ヒドロキシプロピルアクリレート、2-エトキシエチルアクリレート、N,N-ジエチルアミノエチルアクリレート、N,N-ジメチルアミノエチルアクリレート、ジシクロペンタニルアクリレート、ジシクロペンテニルアクリレート、グリシジルアクリレート、テトラヒドロフルフリルアクリレート、イソボニルアクリレート、イソデシルアクリレート、ラウリルアクリレート、モルホリンアクリレート、フェノキシエチルアクリレート、フェノキシジエチレングリコールアクリレート、2,2,2-トリフルオロエチルアクリレート、2,2,3,3,3-ペンタフルオロプロピルアクリレート、2,2,3,3-テトラフルオロプロピルアクリレート、2,2,3,4,4,4-ヘキサフルオロブチルアクリレート、2-エチルヘキシルメタクリレート、ブチルエチルメタクリレート、ブトキシエチルメタクリレート、2-シアノエチルメタクリレート、ベンジルメタクリレート、シクロヘキシルメタクリレート、2-ヒドロキシプロピルメタクリレート、2-エトキシエチルアクリレート、N,N-ジエチルアミノエチルメタクリレート、N,N-ジメチルアミノエチルメタクリレート、ジシクロペンタニルメタクリレート、ジシクロペンテニルメタクリレート、グリシジルメタクリレート、テトラヒドロフルフリルメタクリレート、イソボニルメタクリレート、イソデシルメタクリレート、ラウリルメタクリレート、モルホリンメタクリレート、フェノキシエチルメタクリレート、フェノキシジエチレングリコールメタクリレート、2,2,2-トリフルオロエチルメタクリレート、2,2,3,3-テトラフルオロプロピルメタクリレート、2,2,3,4,4,4-ヘキサフルオロブチルメタクリレート、4,4’-ビフェニルジアクリレート、ジエチルスチルべストロールジアクリレート、1,4-ビスアクリロイルオキシベンゼン、4,4’-ビスアクリロイルオキシジフェニルエーテル、4,4’-ビスアクリロイルオキシジフェニルメタン、3,9-[1,1-ジメチル-2-アクリロイルオキシエチル]-2,4,8,10-テトラスピロ[5,5]ウンデカン、α,α’-ビス[4-アクリロイルオキシフェニル]-1,4-ジイソプロピルベンゼン、1,4-ビスアクリロイルオキシテトラフルオロベンゼン、4,4’-ビスアクリロイルオキシオクタフルオロビフェニル、ジエチレングリコールアクリレート、1,4-ブタンジオールジアクリレート、1,3-ブチレングリコールジアクリレート、ジシクロペンタニルジアクリレート、グリセロールジアクリレート、1,6-へキサンジオールジアクリレート、ネオペンチルグリコールジアクリレート、テトラエチレングリコールジアクリレート、トリメチロールプロパントリアクリレート、ペンタエリスリトールテトラアクリレート、ペンタエリスリトールトリアクリレート、ジトリメチロールプロパンテトラアクリレート、ジペンタエリスリトールヘキサアクリレート、ジペンタエリスリトールモノヒドロキシペンタアクリレート、4,4’-ジアクリロイルオキシスチルベン、4,4’-ジアクリロイルオキシジメチルスチルベン、4,4’-ジアクリロイルオキシジエチルスチルベン、4,4’-ジアクリロイルオキシジプロピルスチルベン、4,4’-ジアクリロイルオキシジブチルスチルベン、4,4’-ジアクリロイルオキシジペンチルスチルベン、4,4’-ジアクリロイルオキシジヘキシルスチルベン、4,4’-ジアクリロイルオキシジフルオロスチルベン、2,2,3,3,4,4-ヘキサフルオロペンタンジオール-1,5-ジアクリレート、1,1,2,2,3,3-ヘキサフルオロプロピル-1,3-ジアクリレート、ジエチレングリコールジメタクリレート、1,4-ブタンジオールジメタクリレート、1,3-ブチレングリコールジメタクリレート、1,6-へキサンジオールジメタクリレート、ネオペンチルグリコールジメタクリレート、テトラエチレングリコールジメタクリレート、トリメチロールプロパントリメタクリレート、ペンタエリスリトールテトラメタクリレート、ペンタエリスリトールトリメタクリレート、ジトリメチロールプロパンテトラメタクリレート、ジペンタエリスリトールヘキサメタクリレート、ジペンタエリスリトールモノヒドロキシペンタメタクリレート又は2,2,3,3,4,4-ヘキサフルオロペンタンジオール-1,5-ジメタクリレートなどのモノマー及びオリゴマーである。
なかでも、本発明の液晶表示素子においては、電圧印加時の散乱特性を高くすることを目的に、3個以上の官能基を有する多官能性のラジカル型の重合性化合物を用いることが好ましい。
前記ラジカル型の重合性化合物は、液晶表示素子の光学特性や液晶層と垂直液晶配向膜との密着性の特性に応じて、2種以上を混合して使用することもできる。
具体的には、tert-ブチルペルオキシ-iso-ブタレート、2,5-ジメチル-2,5-ビス(ベンゾイルジオキシ)へキサン、1,4-ビス[α-(tert-ブチルジオキシ)-iso-プロポキシ]ベンゼン、ジ-tert-ブチルペルオキシド、2,5-ジメチル-2,5-ビス(tert-ブチルジオキシ)へキセンヒドロペルオキシド、α-(iso-プロピルフェニル)-iso-プロピルヒドロペルオキシド、2,5-ジメチルへキサン、tert-ブチルヒドロペルオキシド、1,1-ビス(tert-ブチルジオキシ)-3,3,5-トリメチルシクロへキサン、ブチル-4,4-ビス(tert-ブチルジオキシ)バレレート、シクロへキサノンペルオキシド、2,2’,5,5’-テトラ(tert-ブチルペルオキシカルボニル)ベンゾフェノン、3,3’,4,4’-テトラ(tert-ブチルペルオキシカルボニル)ベンゾフェノン、3,3’,4,4’-テトラ(tert-アミルペルオキシカルボニル)ベンゾフェノン、3,3’,4,4’-テトラ(tert-ヘキシルペルオキシカルボニル)ベンゾフェノン、3,3’-ビス(tert-ブチルペルオキシカルボニル)-4,4’-ジカルボキシベンゾフェノン、tert-ブチルペルオキシベンゾエート、ジ-tert-ブチルジペルオキシイソフタレートなどの有機過酸化物;9,10-アントラキノン、1-クロロアントラキノン、2-クロロアントラキノン、オクタメチルアントラキノン、1,2-ベンズアントラキノンなどのキノン類;ベンゾインメチル、ベンゾインエチルエーテル、α-メチルベンゾイン、α-フェニルベンゾインなどのベンゾイン誘導体;などが挙げられる。
すなわち、ヒドロキシ基、ヒドロキシアルキル基、低級アルコキシアルキル基からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種の架橋形成基を有する化合物である。具体的には、アミノ基の水素原子がメチロール基及び/又はアルコキシメチル基で置換されたメラミン誘導体、ベンゾグアナミン誘導体又はグリコールウリルである。メラミン誘導体やベンゾグアナミン誘導体はオリゴマーであっても良い。これらはトリアジン環1個当たり、メチルール基又はアルコキシメチル基を平均3個以上6個未満有するものが好ましい。
ヒドロキシ基又はアルコキシ基を有するベンゼン、又はフェノール性化合物としては、例えば、1,3,5-トリス(メトキシメトキシ)ベンゼン、1,2,4-トリス(イソプロポキシメトキシ)ベンゼン、1,4-ビス(sec-ブトキシメトキシ)ベンゼン、2,6-ジヒドロキシメチル-p-tert-ブチルフェノールなどが挙げられる。
前記イオン型の重合性化合物は、液晶表示素子の光学特性や液晶層と垂直液晶配向膜との密着性の特性に応じて、2種以上を混合して使用することもできる。
具体的には、トリアジン系化合物、アセトフェノン誘導体化合物、ジスルホン系化合物、ジアゾメタン系化合物、スルホン酸誘導体化合物、ジアリールヨードニウム塩、トリアリールスルホニウム塩、トリアリールホスホニウム塩、鉄アレーン錯体などを用いることができるが、これらに限定されるものではない。より具体的には、例えば、ジフェニルヨードニウムクロライド、ジフェニルヨードニウムトリフルオロメタンスルホネート、ジフェニルヨードニウムメシレート、ジフェニルヨードニウムトシレート、ジフェニルヨードニウムブロミド、ジフェニルヨードニウムテトラフルオロボレート、ジフェニルヨードニウムヘキサフルオロアンチモネート、ジフェニルヨードニウムヘキサフルオロアルセネート、ビス(p-tert-ブチルフェニル)ヨードニウムヘキサフルオロホスフェート、ビス(p-tert-ブチルフェニル)ヨードニウムメシレート、ビス(p-tert-ブチルフェニル)ヨードニウムトシレート、ビス(p-tert-ブチルフェニル)ヨードニウムトリフルオロメタンスルホネート、ビス(p-tert-ブチルフェニル)ヨードニウムテトラフルオロボレート、ビス(p-tert-ブチルフェニル)ヨードニウムクロリド、ビス(p-クロロフェニル)ヨードニウムクロライド、ビス(p-クロロフェニル)ヨードニウムテトラフルオロボレート、トリフェニルスルホニウムクロリド、トリフェニルスルホニウムブロミド、トリ(p-メトキシフェニル)スルホニウムテトラフルオロボレート、トリ(p-メトキシフェニル)スルホニウムヘキサフルオロホスホネート、トリ(p-エトキシフェニル)スルホニウムテトラフルオロボレート、トリフェニルホスホニウムクロリド、トリフェニルホスホニウムブロミド、トリ(p-メトキシフェニル)ホスホニウムテトラフルオロボレート、トリ(p-メトキシフェニル)ホスホニウムヘキサフルオロホスホネート、トリ(p-エトキシフェニル)ホスホニウムテトラフルオロボレートが挙げられる。ビス[[(2-ニトロベンジル)オキシ]カルボニルへキサン-1,6-ジアミン]、ニトロベンジルシクロへキシルカルバメート、ジ(メトキシベンジル)ヘキサメチレンジカルバメート、ビス[[(2-ニトロベンジル)オキシ]カルボニルへキサン-1,6-ジアミン]、ニトロベンジルシクロへキシルカルバメート、ジ(メトキシベンジル)ヘキサメチレンジカルバメートなどが挙げられる。
液晶組成物中における重合性化合物の導入量には特に制限は無いが、重合性化合物の導入量が多い場合、液晶中に重合性化合物が溶解しなかったり、液晶組成物が液晶相を示す温度がなかったり、素子の透明状態と散乱状態との変化が小さくなり光学特性が悪くなる。また、重合性化合物の導入量が少ない場合、液晶層の硬化性が低くなり、更には、液晶層と垂直液晶配向膜との密着性が低下し、機械的な外圧に対して液晶の配向性が乱れやすくなる。そのため、重合性化合物の導入量は、液晶100質量部に対して、1~70質量部であることが好ましく、なかでも、5~60質量部が好ましい。特に好ましいのは、11~50質量部である。
また、重合性化合物の反応を促進するラジカル開始剤及びイオン開始剤の導入量には特に制限は無いが、好ましくは、液晶100質量部に対して、0.01~20質量部であり、なかでも、0.05~10質量部が好ましい。特に好ましいのは、0.05~5質量部である。
本発明の液晶表示素子に用いる基板としては、透明性の高い基板であれば特に限定されず、ガラス基板の他、アクリル基板、ポリカーボネート基板、PET(ポリエチレンテレフタレート)基板などのプラスチック基板等を用いることができる。
本発明の液晶表示素子をリバース型素子として、調光窓などに用いる場合には、プラスチック基板であることが好ましい。また、プロセスの簡素化の観点からは、液晶駆動のためのITO(Indium Tin Oxide)電極などが形成された基板を用いることが好ましい。また、反射型のリバース型素子とする場合には、片側の基板のみにならば、シリコンウエハやアルミニウムなどの金属や誘電体多層膜が形成された基板を使用できる。
液晶配向処理剤の塗布方法は、特に限定されないが、工業的には、スクリーン印刷、オフセット印刷、フレキソ印刷、インクジェット法、ディップ法、ロールコータ法、スリットコータ法、スピンナー法、スプレー法などがあり、基板の種類や目的とする垂直液晶配向膜の膜厚に応じて、適宜選択することができる。
液晶組成物の注入方法は、特に限定されないが、例えば、次の方法が挙げられる。すなわち、基板にガラス基板を用いる場合、垂直液晶配向膜が形成された一対の基板を用意し、片側の基板の4片を、一部分を除いてシール剤を塗布し、その後、垂直液晶配向膜の面が内側になるようにして、もう片側の基板を貼り合わせた空セルを作製する。そして、シール剤が塗布されていない場所から、液晶組成物を減圧注入して、液晶組成物注入セルを得る方法が挙げられる。
本発明の液晶表示素子のギャップは、スペーサなどで制御することができる。その方法は、上述した液晶組成物中に目的とする大きさのスペーサを導入する方法や、目的とする大きさのカラムスペーサを有する基板を用いる方法が挙げられる。また、ギャップの大きさは、1~100umが好ましく、より好ましくは、2~50umである。特に好ましくは、3~30umである。ギャップが小さすぎると液晶表示素子のコントラストが低下し、大きすぎると本素子の駆動電圧が高くなる。
特に、本発明の液晶表示素子は、前記の通り、電圧無印加時の透明性と電圧印加時の散乱特性が良好であることから、本素子を乗り物のガラス窓に使用した場合は、従来のリバース型素子を使用した場合に比べて、夜間時における光の取り入れ効率が高く、更に、外光からの眩しさを防ぐ効果も高くなる。そのため、乗り物を運転する際の安全性や乗車時の快適性を、より改善することが可能となる。また、本発明の液晶表示素子をフィルム基板で作製し、それを乗り物のガラス窓に貼って使用する場合、従来のリバース型素子に比べて、本発明の素子の信頼性が高くなる。すなわち、液晶層と垂直配向膜との密着性が低いことが要因の不良や劣化が起こりにくくなる。
<液晶組成物>
(液晶)
L1:MLC-6608(メルク社製)
(重合性化合物):下記式[R1]
(光開始剤):下記式[P1]
A1:1,3-ジアミノ-4-〔4-(トランス-4-n-ヘプチルシクロへキシル)フェノキシ〕ベンゼン
A2:1,3-ジアミノ-4-〔4-(トランス-4-n-ヘプチルシクロへキシル)フェノキシメチル〕ベンゼン
A3:1,3-ジアミノ-4-{4-〔トランス-4-(トランス-4-n-ペンチルシクロへキシル)シクロへキシル〕フェノキシ}ベンゼン
A4:下記式[A4]で示される化合物
A5:1,3-ジアミノ-4-オクタデシルオキシベンゼン
E1:下記式[E1]で示されるアルコキシシラン
E2:オクタデシルトリエトキシシラン
E3:3-メタクリロキシプロピルトリメトキシシラン
E4:3-ウレイドプロピルトリエトキシシラン
E5:テトラエトキシシラン
MEK:2-ブタノン
MIBK:4-メチル-2-ペンタノン
DIBK:2,6-ジメチル-4-ヘプタノン
<その他溶媒>
NMP:N-メチル-2-ピロリドン
NEP:N-エチル-2-ピロリドン
γ-BL:γ-ブチロラクトン
PGME:プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル
ECS:エチレングリコールモノエチルエーテル
BCS:エチレングリコールモノブチルエーテル
PB:プロピレングリコールモノブチルエーテル
EC:ジエチレングリコールモノエチルエーテル
常温ゲル浸透クロマトグラフィー(GPC)装置(GPC-101)(昭和電工社製)、カラム(KD-803,KD-805)(Shodex社製)を用いて、以下のようにして測定した。
カラム温度:50℃
溶離液:N,N’-ジメチルホルムアミド(添加剤として、臭化リチウム-水和物(LiBr・H2O)が30mmol/L(リットル)、リン酸・無水結晶(o-リン酸)が30mmol/L、テトラヒドロフラン(THF)が10ml/L)
流速:1.0ml/分
検量線作成用標準サンプル:TSK 標準ポリエチレンオキサイド(分子量;約900,000、150,000、100,000及び30,000)(東ソー社製)及びポリエチレングリコール(分子量;約12,000、4,000及び1,000)(ポリマーラボラトリー社製)。
試料粉末20mgをNMR(核磁気共鳴)サンプル管(NMRサンプリングチューブスタンダード,φ5(草野科学社製))に入れ、重水素化ジメチルスルホキシド(DMSO-d6,0.05質量%TMS(テトラメチルシラン)混合品)(0.53ml)を添加し、超音波をかけて完全に溶解させた。この溶液をNMR測定機(JNW-ECA500)(日本電子データム社製)にて500MHzのプロトンNMRを測定した。イミド化率は、イミド化前後で変化しない構造に由来するプロトンを基準プロトンとして決め、このプロトンのピーク積算値と、9.5~10.0ppm付近に現れるアミド酸のNH基に由来するプロトンピーク積算値とを用い以下の式によって求めた。
イミド化率(%)=(1-α・x/y)×100
上記式において、xはアミド酸のNH基由来のプロトンピーク積算値、yは基準プロトンのピーク積算値、αはポリアミド酸(イミド化率が0%)の場合におけるアミド酸のNH基プロトン1個に対する基準プロトンの個数割合である。
<合成例1>
D1(2.96g,15.1mmol)、A1(2.91g,7.65mmol)、B1(0.93g,6.11mmol)及びC2(0.17g,1.57mmol)をNEP(21.0g)中で混合し、40℃で8時間反応させ、樹脂固形分濃度(Rs)25質量%のポリアミド酸溶液(1)を得た。このポリアミド酸の数平均分子量(Mn)は、23,600、重量平均分子量(Mw)は、71,800であった。
D2(3.83g,15.3mmol)、A2(6.04g,15.3mmol)及びB1(2.33g,15.3mmol)をNMP(26.4g)中で混合し、50℃で2時間反応させた後、D1(2.94g,15.0mmol)とNMP(23.8g)を加え、40℃で6時間反応させ、Rsが25質量%のポリアミド酸溶液(2)を得た。このポリアミド酸のMnは22,500、Mwは67,100であった。
合成例2で得られたポリアミド酸溶液(2)(30.0g)に、NMPを加え6質量%に希釈した後、イミド化触媒として無水酢酸(3.90g)及びピリジン(2.40g)を加え、70℃で2時間反応させた。この反応溶液をメタノール(460ml)中に投入し、得られた沈殿物を濾別した。この沈殿物をメタノールで洗浄し、100℃で減圧乾燥しポリイミド粉末(3)を得た。このポリイミドのイミド化率は60%であり、Mnは20,100、Mwは57,100であった。
D2(2.64g,10.6mmol)、A3(4.56g,10.5mmol)、B1(1.60g,10.5mmol)及びB2(1.07g,5.26mmol)をNMP(21.9g)中で混合し、80℃で5時間反応させた後、D1(3.02g,15.8mmol)とNMP(17.2g)を加え、40℃で8時間反応させ、Rsが25質量%のポリアミド酸溶液を得た。
得られたポリアミド酸溶液(30.0g)に、NMPを加え6質量%に希釈した後、イミド化触媒として無水酢酸(3.85g)及びピリジン(2.42g)を加え、50℃で2時間反応させた。この反応溶液をメタノール(460ml)中に投入し、得られた沈殿物を濾別した。この沈殿物をメタノールで洗浄し、100℃で減圧乾燥しポリイミド粉末(4)を得た。このポリイミドのイミド化率は56%であり、Mnは18,500、Mw子量は54,000であった。
D2(2.50g,10.0mmol)、A4(2.96g,6.00mmol)、B1(1.52g,10.0mmol)、B2(0.41g,2.00mmol)及びC1(0.22g,2.00mmol)をNMP(19.0g)中で混合し、80℃で5時間反応させた後、D1(1.92g,9.80mmol)とNMP(9.50g)を加え、40℃で6時間反応させ、Rsが25質量%のポリアミド酸溶液を得た。
得られたポリアミド酸溶液(30.0g)に、NMPを加え6質量%に希釈した後、イミド化触媒として無水酢酸(4.00g)及びピリジン(2.50g)を加え、50℃で2時間反応させた。この反応溶液をメタノール(460ml)中に投入し、得られた沈殿物を濾別した。この沈殿物をメタノールで洗浄し、100℃で減圧乾燥しポリイミド粉末(5)を得た。このポリイミドのイミド化率は49%であり、Mnは16,100、Mwは49,800であった。
D3(5.45g,24.3mmol)、A2(5.81g,14.7mmol)、B1(1.12g,7.36mmol)及びB2(0.50g,2.46mmol)をNMP(38.6g)中で混合し、40℃で10時間反応させ、Rsが25質量%のポリアミド酸溶液を得た。
得られたポリアミド酸溶液(30.0g)にNMPを加え、6質量%に希釈した後、イミド化触媒として無水酢酸(4.00g)及びピリジン(2.48g)を加え、70℃で2時間反応させた。この反応溶液をメタノール(460ml)中に投入し、得られた沈殿物を濾別した。この沈殿物をメタノールで洗浄し、100℃で減圧乾燥しポリイミド粉末(6)を得た。このポリイミドのイミド化率は63%であり、Mnは17,200、Mwは49,100であった。
D3(5.45g,24.3mmol)、A4(3.63g,7.37mmol)及びB1(2.61g,17.2mmol)をNMP(35.1g)中で混合し、40℃で5時間反応させ、Rsが25質量%のポリアミド酸溶液を得た。
得られたポリアミド酸溶液(30.0g)にNMPを加え、6質量%に希釈した後、イミド化触媒として無水酢酸(8.00g)及びピリジン(2.50g)を加え、50℃で3時間反応させた。この反応溶液をメタノール(460ml)中に投入し、得られた沈殿物を濾別した。この沈殿物をメタノールで洗浄し、100℃で減圧乾燥しポリイミド粉末(7)を得た。このポリイミドのイミド化率は54%であり、Mnは17,400、Mwは47,800であった。
D4(4.59g,15.3mmol)、A3(6.62g,15.3mmol)、B1(1.86g,12.2mmol)及びB2(0.62g,3.05mmol)をNMP(27.6g)中で混合し、40℃で8時間反応させた後、D1(2.94g,15.0mmol)とNMP(22.3g)を加え、25℃で10時間反応させ、Rsが25質量%のポリアミド酸溶液を得た。
得られたポリアミド酸溶液(30.0g)に、NMPを加え6質量%に希釈した後、イミド化触媒として無水酢酸(7.25g)及びピリジン(2.22g)を加え、40℃で1.5時間反応させた。この反応溶液をメタノール(460ml)中に投入し、得られた沈殿物を濾別した。この沈殿物をメタノールで洗浄し、100℃で減圧乾燥しポリイミド粉末(8)を得た。このポリイミドのイミド化率は71%であり、Mnは17,100、Mwは38,800であった。
D2(3.83g,15.3mmol)、A5(5.76g,15.3mmol)及びB1(2.33g,15.3mmol)をNMP(26.4g)中で混合し、50℃で2時間反応させた後、D1(2.94g,15.0mmol)とNMP(23.8g)を加え、40℃で6時間反応させ、Rsが25質量%のポリアミド酸溶液を得た。
得られたポリアミド酸溶液(30.0g)に、NMPを加え6質量%に希釈した後、イミド化触媒として無水酢酸(3.90g)及びピリジン(2.40g)を加え、70℃で2時間反応させた。この反応溶液をメタノール(460ml)中に投入し、得られた沈殿物を濾別した。この沈殿物をメタノールで洗浄し、100℃で減圧乾燥しポリイミド粉末(9)を得た。このポリイミドのイミド化率は61%であり、Mnは19,000、Mwは58,100であった。
D2(3.83g,15.3mmol)及びB1(4.66g,30.6mmol)をNMP(37.5g)中で混合し、50℃で2時間反応させた後、D1(2.94g,15.0mmol)とNMP(12.8g)を加え、40℃で6時間反応させ、Rsが25質量%のポリアミド酸溶液(10)を得た。このポリアミド酸のMnは25,900、Mwは79,100であった。
合成例10で得られたポリアミド酸溶液(10)(30.0g)に、NMPを加え6質量%に希釈した後、イミド化触媒として無水酢酸(3.85g)及びピリジン(2.40g)を加え、70℃で2時間反応させた。この反応溶液をメタノール(460ml)中に投入し、得られた沈殿物を濾別した。沈殿物をメタノールで洗浄し、100℃で減圧乾燥しポリイミド粉末(11)を得た。このポリイミドのイミド化率は59%であり、Mnは21,200、Mwは60,100であった。
得られたポリイミド系重合体を表1に、まとめて示す。表1中、「*1」は、ポリアミド酸を示す。
<合成例12>
温度計及び還流管を備え付けた200mlの四つ口反応フラスコ中で、ECS(28.3g)、E1(4.10g)、E3(7.45g)及びE5(32.5g)を混合して、アルコキシシランモノマーの溶液を調製した。この溶液に、予めECS(14.2g)、水(10.8g)、及び触媒として蓚酸(0.70g)を混合して調製しておいた溶液を、25℃にて30分かけて滴下し、更に25℃にて30分間撹拌した。その後、オイルバスを用いて加熱して30分間還流させた後、予め調製しておいたE4の含有量が92質量%のメタノール溶液(1.20g)とECS(0.90g)の混合溶液を加えた。更に30分間還流させた後、放冷してSiO2換算濃度が12質量%のポリシロキサン溶液(1)を得た。
温度計及び還流管を備え付けた200mlの四つ口反応フラスコ中で、EC(25.4g)、E1(8.20g)、E3(19.9g)及びE5(20.0g)を混合して、アルコキシシランモノマーの溶液を調製した。この溶液に、予めEC(12.7g)、水(10.8g)、及び触媒として蓚酸(1.10g)を混合して調製しておいた溶液を、25℃にて30分かけて滴下し、更に25℃にて30分間撹拌した。その後、オイルバスを用いて加熱して30分間還流させた後、予め調製しておいたE4の含有量92質量%のメタノール溶液(1.20g)とEC(0.90g)の混合溶液を加えた。更に30分間還流させた後、放冷してSiO2換算濃度が12質量%のポリシロキサン溶液(2)を得た。
温度計及び還流管を備え付けた200mlの四つ口反応フラスコ中で、EC(29.2g)、E1(4.10g)及びE5(38.8g)を混合して、アルコキシシランモノマーの溶液を調製した。この溶液に、予めEC(14.6g)、水(10.8g)、及び触媒として蓚酸(0.50g)を混合して調製しておいた溶液を、25℃にて30分かけて滴下し、更に25℃にて30分間撹拌した。その後、オイルバスを用いて加熱して30分間還流させた後、予め調製しておいたE4の含有量92質量%のメタノール溶液(1.20g)とEC(0.90g)の混合溶液を加えた。更に30分間還流させた後、放冷してSiO2換算濃度が12質量%のポリシロキサン溶液(3)を得た。
温度計及び還流管を備え付けた200mlの四つ口反応フラスコ中で、ECS(28.3g)、E2(4.07g)、E3(7.45g)及びE5(32.5g)を混合して、アルコキシシランモノマーの溶液を調製した。この溶液に、予めECS(14.2g)、水(10.8g)、及び触媒として蓚酸(0.70g)を混合して調製しておいた溶液を、25℃にて30分かけて滴下し、更に25℃にて30分間撹拌した。その後、オイルバスを用いて加熱して30分間還流させた後、予め調製しておいたE4の含有量が92質量%のメタノール溶液(1.20g)とECS(0.90g)の混合溶液を加えた。更に30分間還流させた後、放冷してSiO2換算濃度が12質量%のポリシロキサン溶液(4)を得た。
得られたポリシロキサン系重合体(ポリシロキサン溶液)を、まとめて表2に示す。
L1(11.5g)、R1(1.73g)及びP1(0.12g)を混合し、液晶組成物(1)を得た。
(液晶組成物(2)の作製)
L1(12.0g)、R1(2.40g)及びP1(0.12g)を混合し、液晶組成物(2)を得た。
後記する実施例及び比較例では、液晶配向処理剤の製造例を記載した。得られた液晶配向処理剤は、垂直液晶配向膜及び液晶表示素子(リバース型素子)の作製及びその評価に使用した。
得られた液晶配向処理剤は表3~7にまとめて示す。なお、表3~7において、「*1」は、全ての溶媒100質量部に対する特定溶媒及びその他溶媒の含有量(質量部)を示す。「*2」は、特定重合体100質量部に対する特定発生剤の含有量(質量部)を示す。「*3」は、特定重合体100質量部に対する特定密着性化合物の含有量(質量部)を示す。「*4」は、特定重合体100質量部に対する特定架橋性化合物の含有量(質量部)を示す。
また、実施例及び比較例で得られた液晶配向処理剤を用い、垂直液晶配向膜の塗膜均一性の評価(ガラス基板、プラスチック基板)、液晶表示素子の作製(ガラス基板、プラスチック基板)、液晶配向性の評価(ガラス基板、プラスチック基板)、及び液晶層と垂直液晶配向膜との密着性の評価(ガラス基板、プラスチック基板)を行った。
実施例又は比較例の液晶配向処理剤を、細孔径1μmのメンブランフィルタで加圧濾過した後、未洗浄の100×100mmのITO電極付きガラス基板(縦:100mm、横:100mm、厚さ:0.7mm)のITO面上にスピンコートし、ホットプレート上にて80℃で3分間加熱処理をして、垂直液晶配向膜付きの基板を作製した。
得られた垂直液晶配向膜付きの基板を用いて、ピンホールの評価を行った。具体的には、ナトリウムランプの下、目視観察にて垂直液晶配向膜上のピンホールの数を確認した。本評価においては、ピンホールの数が少ないものほど優れるとした(表8~表12中のピンホールの数)。
液晶配向処理剤を、細孔径1μmのメンブランフィルタで加圧濾過した後、未洗浄の150×150mmのITO電極付きPET(ポリエチレンテレフタレート)基板(縦:150mm、横:150mm、厚さ:0.2mm)のITO面上にバーコーターにて塗布をし、ホットプレート上にて80℃で3分間加熱処理をして、垂直液晶配向膜付きの基板を作製した。
得られた垂直液晶配向膜付きの基板を用いて、前記「垂直液晶配向膜の塗膜均一性の評価(ガラス基板)」と同様の条件で、ピンホールの評価を行った。本評価においては、ピンホールの数が少ないものほど優れるとした(表8~表12中のピンホールの数)。
液晶配向処理剤を、細孔径1μmのメンブランフィルタで加圧濾過した後、純水及びIPA(イソプロピルアルコール)で洗浄した100×100mmのITO電極付きガラス基板(縦:100mm、横:100mm、厚さ:0.7mm)のITO面上にスピンコートし、ホットプレート上にて80℃で3分間、熱循環型クリーンオーブンにて150℃で10分間加熱処理をして、膜厚が100nmの垂直液晶配向膜付きのITO基板を得た。得られた垂直液晶配向膜付きのITO基板を2枚用意し、その一方の基板の垂直液晶配向膜面に、6μmのスペーサーを塗布した。その後、その基板のスペーサーを塗布した垂直液晶配向膜面に、ODF(One Drop Filling)法にて前記液晶組成物を滴下し、次いで、他方の基板の垂直液晶配向膜界面が向き合うように貼り合わせを行い、処理前の液晶表示素子を得た。
得られた処理前の液晶表示素子に、照度60mWのメタルハライドランプを用いて、350nm以下の波長をカットし、365nm換算で7J/cm2の紫外線照射を行い、液晶表示素子(ガラス基板)を得た。液晶セルに紫外線を照射している際の照射装置内の温度は、25℃に制御した。
液晶配向処理剤を、細孔径1μmのメンブランフィルタで加圧濾過した後、純水で洗浄した150×150mmのITO電極付きPET(ポリエチレンテレフタレート)基板(縦:150mm、横:150mm、厚さ:0.2mm)のITO面上にバーコーターにて塗布し、ホットプレート上にて80℃で3分間、熱循環型クリーンオーブンにて120℃で10分間加熱処理をして、膜厚が100nmの垂直液晶配向膜付きのITO基板を得た。得られた垂直液晶配向膜付きのITO基板を2枚用意し、その一方の基板の垂直液晶配向膜面に、6μmのスペーサーを塗布した。その後、その基板のスペーサーを塗布した垂直液晶配向膜面に、ODF法にて前記液晶組成物を滴下し、次いで、他方の基板の垂直液晶配向膜界面が向き合うように貼り合わせを行い、処理前の液晶表示素子を得た。
得られた処理前の液晶表示素子に、前記「液晶表示素子の作製(ガラス基板)」と同様の条件で紫外線照射を行い、液晶表示素子(プラスチック基板)を得た。
前記と同様の手法で得られた液晶表示素子(ガラス基板、プラスチック基板)を用いて、液晶配向性の評価を行った。液晶配向性は、本素子を偏光顕微鏡(ECLIPSE E600WPOL)(ニコン社製)で観察し、液晶が垂直に配向しているかどうかを確認した。具体的には、液晶が垂直に配向しているものを優れるとした(表8~表12中の良好表示)。
更に、上記液晶配向性の評価が終了した液晶表示素子(ガラス基板、プラスチック基板)を、温度80℃の高温槽内に240時間保管した。放冷後、上記と同様の条件で、液晶配向性の評価を行った。具体的には、液晶配向性に乱れが見られず、均一に液晶が配向しているものを優れるとした(表8~表12中の良好表示)。
前記の液晶配向性の評価を行った液晶表示素子(ガラス基板、プラスチック基板)を用いて、液晶層と垂直液晶配向膜との密着性の評価を行った。具体的には、液晶表示素子(ガラス基板、プラスチック基板)を、温度80℃、湿度90%RHの高温高湿槽内に48時間保管し、本素子内の気泡の有無及び素子の剥離を確認した。本評価においては、本素子内に気泡が見られずに素子の剥離(液晶層と垂直液晶配向膜とが剥がれている状態)が起こっていないものを優れるとした(表8~表12中の良好表示)。
なお、表8~表12において、「*1」は、ガラス基板/プラスチック基板における垂直液晶配向膜上のピンホールの数を示す。「*2」は、ガラス基板/プラスチック基板における液晶配向性を示す。「*3」は、ガラス基板/プラスチック基板の液晶層と垂直液晶配向膜との密着性を示す。「-」は、実施しなかったことを示す。
また、表12中、「*4」~「*12」は、それぞれ、下記を意味する。
*4:液晶が垂直に配向していなかった。
*5:液晶が垂直に配向していないため、測定できなかった。
*6:ピンホールに伴う配向欠陥が見られた。
*7:ピンホールに伴う配向欠陥とともに、液晶配向性に乱れが見られた。
*8:素子内に気泡が見られた。
*9:素子内に少量の気泡が見られた。
*10:ピンホールに伴う配向欠陥が多数見られた。
*11:素子が、液晶層と垂直液晶配向膜との間で剥離した。
*12:ピンホールに伴う配向欠陥が少量見られた。
合成例1で得られたポリアミド酸溶液(1)(10.0g)に、NMP(15.9g)、NEP(3.11g)、PB(10.6g)、MIBK(15.9g)、S2(0.25g)、M2(0.125g)及びK1(0.25g)を加え、25℃で5時間攪拌して、液晶配向処理剤(1)を得た。この液晶配向処理剤に、濁りや析出などの異常は見られず、均一な溶液であることが確認された。
得られた液晶配向処理剤(1)と液晶組成物(1)を用いて、ガラスを基板とする液晶表示素子を作製し、上記した各評価を行った。
合成例2で得られたポリアミド酸溶液(2)(10.0g)に、NMP(19.0g)、BCS(10.6g)及びMIBK(15.9g)を加え、25℃で5時間攪拌して、液晶配向処理剤(2)を得た。この液晶配向処理剤に、濁りや析出などの異常は見られず、均一な溶液であることが確認された。
得られた液晶配向処理剤(2)と液晶組成物(1)を用いて、ガラスを基板とする液晶表示素子を作製し、上記した各評価を行った。
実施例2で得られた液晶配向処理剤(2)と液晶組成物(2)を用いて、ガラスを基板とする液晶表示素子を作製し、上記した各評価を行った。
合成例3で得られたポリイミド粉末(3)(2.20g)に、NMP(18.7g)及びNEP(4.67g)を加え、70℃にて24時間攪拌して溶解させた。この溶液に、BCS(9.34g)及びMIBK(14.0g)を加え、25℃で2時間攪拌して、液晶配向処理剤(3)を得た。この液晶配向処理剤に、濁りや析出などの異常は見られず、均一な溶液であることが確認された。
得られた液晶配向処理剤(3)と液晶組成物(1)を用いて、ガラスを基板とする液晶表示素子を作製し、上記した各評価を行った。
実施例4で得られた液晶配向処理剤(3)と液晶組成物(2)を用いて、ガラスを基板とする液晶表示素子を作製し、上記した各評価を行った。
合成例3で得られたポリイミド粉末(3)(2.15g)に、γ-BL(9.13g)及びPGME(13.7g)を加え、70℃にて24時間攪拌して溶解させた。この溶液に、PB(9.13g)及びMEK(13.7g)を加え、25℃で2時間攪拌して、液晶配向処理剤(4)を得た。この液晶配向処理剤に、濁りや析出などの異常は見られず、均一な溶液であることが確認された。
得られた液晶配向処理剤(4)と液晶組成物(1)を用いて、ガラス及びプラスチックを基板とする2種の液晶表示素子を作製し、上記した各評価を行った。
なお、液晶層と垂直液晶配向膜との密着性の評価(プラスチック基板)に関しては、前記の標準試験とともに強調試験として、温度80℃、湿度90%RHの高温高湿槽内に96時間保管した際の評価も行った(その他の条件は、前記条件と同様)。その結果、素子内に気泡は見られなかった。
合成例3で得られたポリイミド粉末(3)(2.20g)に、γ-BL(4.67g)及びPGME(28.0g)を加え、70℃にて24時間攪拌して溶解させた。この溶液に、MEK(9.34g)、MIBK(4.67g)、S1(0.154g)、M1(0.22g)及びK1(0.33g)を加え、25℃で2時間攪拌して、液晶配向処理剤(5)を得た。この液晶配向処理剤に、濁りや析出などの異常は見られず、均一な溶液であることが確認された。
得られた液晶配向処理剤(5)と液晶組成物(1)を用いて、ガラス及びプラスチックを基板とする2種の液晶表示素子を作製し、上記した各評価を行った。
合成例4で得られたポリイミド粉末(4)(2.20g)に、γ-BL(9.34g)及びPGME(18.7g)を加え、70℃にて24時間攪拌して溶解させた。この溶液に、EC(14.0g)、DIBK(4.67g)、S2(0.22g)、M2(0.11g)及びK1(0.22g)を加え、25℃で2時間攪拌して、液晶配向処理剤(6)を得た。この液晶配向処理剤に、濁りや析出などの異常は見られず、均一な溶液であることが確認された。
得られた液晶配向処理剤(6)と液晶組成物(1)を用いて、ガラス及びプラスチックを基板とする2種の液晶表示素子を作製し、上記した各評価を行った。
実施例8で得られた液晶配向処理剤(6)と液晶組成物(2)を用いて、ガラス及びプラスチックを基板とする2種の液晶表示素子を作製し、上記した各評価を行った。
合成例4で得られたポリイミド粉末(4)(2.25g)に、γ-BL(2.39g)及びPGME(28.7g)を加え、70℃にて24時間攪拌して溶解させた。この溶液に、PB(4.78g)、MEK(7.96g)、MIBK(3.98g)、S2(0.225g)、M1(0.113g)及びK1(0.45g)を加え、25℃で2時間攪拌して、液晶配向処理剤(7)を得た。この液晶配向処理剤に、濁りや析出などの異常は見られず、均一な溶液であることが確認された。
得られた液晶配向処理剤(7)と液晶組成物(1)を用いて、ガラス及びプラスチックを基板とする2種の液晶表示素子を作製し、上記した各評価を行った。
合成例4で得られたポリイミド粉末(4)(2.25g)に、γ-BL(4.78g)及びPGME(19.1g)を加え、70℃にて24時間攪拌して溶解させた。この溶液に、MIBK(23.9g)、S1(0.068g)、M2(0.068g)及びK1(0.158g)を加え、25℃で2時間攪拌して、液晶配向処理剤(8)を得た。この液晶配向処理剤に、濁りや析出などの異常は見られず、均一な溶液であることが確認された。
得られた液晶配向処理剤(8)と液晶組成物(1)を用いて、ガラス及びプラスチックを基板とする2種の液晶表示素子を作製し、上記した各評価を行った。
合成例5で得られたポリイミド粉末(5)(2.20g)に、NEP(18.7g)を加え、70℃にて24時間攪拌して溶解させた。この溶液に、PB(9.34g)、MIBK(14.0g)及びDIBK(4.67g)を加え、25℃で2時間攪拌して、液晶配向処理剤(9)を得た。この液晶配向処理剤に、濁りや析出などの異常は見られず、均一な溶液であることが確認された。
得られた液晶配向処理剤(9)と液晶組成物(2)を用いて、ガラスを基板とする液晶表示素子を作製し、上記した各評価を行った。
合成例5で得られたポリイミド粉末(5)(2.20g)に、γ-BL(4.67g)及びPGME(28.0g)を加え、70℃にて24時間攪拌して溶解させた。この溶液に、MEK(4.67g)、MIBK(9.34g)及びK1(0.22g)を加え、25℃で2時間攪拌して、液晶配向処理剤(10)を得た。この液晶配向処理剤に、濁りや析出などの異常は見られず、均一な溶液であることが確認された。
得られた液晶配向処理剤(10)と液晶組成物(1)を用いて、ガラス及びプラスチックを基板とする2種の液晶表示素子を作製し、上記した各評価を行った。
なお、液晶層と垂直液晶配向膜との密着性の評価(プラスチック基板)に関しては、前記標準試験とともに、実施例6と同じ条件(但し、高温高湿槽内の保管は144時間)にて強調試験を行った。その結果、素子内に少量の気泡が見られた。
合成例5で得られたポリイミド粉末(5)(2.20g)に、γ-BL(4.67g)及びPGME(28.0g)を加え、70℃にて24時間攪拌して溶解させた。この溶液に、MEK(4.67g)、MIBK(9.34g)、S1(0.22g)及びK1(0.22g)を加え、25℃で2時間攪拌して、液晶配向処理剤(11)を得た。この液晶配向処理剤に、濁りや析出などの異常は見られず、均一な溶液であることが確認された。
得られた液晶配向処理剤(11)と液晶組成物(1)を用いて、ガラス及びプラスチックを基板とする2種の液晶表示素子を作製し、上記した各評価を行った。
なお、液晶層と垂直液晶配向膜との密着性の評価(プラスチック基板)に関しては、前記標準試験とともに、実施例6と同じ条件(但し、高温高湿槽内の保管は144時間)にて強調試験を行った。その結果、素子内に少量の気泡が見られた。
合成例5で得られたポリイミド粉末(5)(2.20g)に、γ-BL(4.67g)及びPGME(28.0g)を加え、70℃にて24時間攪拌して溶解させた。この溶液に、MEK(4.67g)、MIBK(9.34g)、S1(0.22g)、M2(0.154g)及びK1(0.22g)を加え、25℃で2時間攪拌して、液晶配向処理剤(12)を得た。この液晶配向処理剤に、濁りや析出などの異常は見られず、均一な溶液であることが確認された。
得られた液晶配向処理剤(12)と液晶組成物(1)を用いて、ガラス及びプラスチックを基板とする2種の液晶表示素子を作製し、上記した各評価を行った。
なお、液晶層と垂直液晶配向膜との密着性の評価(プラスチック基板)に関しては、前記標準試験とともに、実施例6と同じ条件(但し、高温高湿槽内の保管は
144時間)にて強調試験を行った。その結果、素子内に気泡は見られなかった。
合成例6で得られたポリイミド粉末(6)(2.10g)に、γ-BL(11.1g)及びPGME(20.0g)を加え、70℃にて24時間攪拌して溶解させた。この溶液に、BCS(2.28g)、MIBK(11.1g)及びK1(0.42g)を加え、25℃で2時間攪拌して、液晶配向処理剤(13)を得た。この液晶配向処理剤に、濁りや析出などの異常は見られず、均一な溶液であることが確認された。
得られた液晶配向処理剤(13)と液晶組成物(2)を用いて、ガラス及びプラスチックを基板とする2種の液晶表示素子を作製し、上記した各評価を行った。
合成例6で得られたポリイミド粉末(6)(2.20g)に、γ-BL(11.7g)及びPGME(28.0g)を加え、70℃にて24時間攪拌して溶解させた。この溶液に、PB(4.67g)、MIBK(2.33g)、S2(0.066g)、M1(0.11g)及びK1(0.066g)を加え、25℃で2時間攪拌して、液晶配向処理剤(14)を得た。この液晶配向処理剤に、濁りや析出などの異常は見られず、均一な溶液であることが確認された。
得られた液晶配向処理剤(14)と液晶組成物(1)を用いて、ガラス及びプラスチックを基板とする2種の液晶表示素子を作製し、上記した各評価を行った。
合成例6で得られたポリイミド粉末(6)(1.65g)に、NMP(4.67g)及びNEP(14.0g)を加え、70℃にて24時間攪拌して溶解させた。この溶液に、BCS(9.34g)、PB(4.67g)、DIBK(14.0g)及びK1(0.44g)を加え、25℃で2時間攪拌して、液晶配向処理剤(15)を得た。この液晶配向処理剤に、濁りや析出などの異常は見られず、均一な溶液であることが確認された。
得られた液晶配向処理剤(15)と液晶組成物(1)を用いて、ガラスを基板とする液晶表示素子を作製し、上記した各評価を行った。
合成例7で得られたポリイミド粉末(7)(2.15g)に、γ-BL(2.28g)及びPGME(29.7g)を加え、70℃にて24時間攪拌して溶解させた。この溶液に、MEK(13.7g)、S2(0.323g)、M2(0.108g)及びK1(0.323g)を加え、25℃で2時間攪拌して、液晶配向処理剤(16)を得た。この液晶配向処理剤に、濁りや析出などの異常は見られず、均一な溶液であることが確認された。
得られた液晶配向処理剤(16)と液晶組成物(1)を用いて、ガラス及びプラスチックを基板とする2種の液晶表示素子を作製し、上記した各評価を行った。
合成例7で得られたポリイミド粉末(7)(2.20g)に、NEP(14.0g)を加え、70℃にて24時間攪拌して溶解させた。この溶液に、BCS(4.67g)、PB(18.7g)、DIBK(9.34g)、S1(0.066g)、M1(0.154g)及びK1(0.22g)を加え、25℃で2時間攪拌して、液晶配向処理剤(17)を得た。この液晶配向処理剤に、濁りや析出などの異常は見られず、均一な溶液であることが確認された。
得られた液晶配向処理剤(17)と液晶組成物(2)を用いて、ガラスを基板とする液晶表示素子を作製し、上記した各評価を行った。
合成例8で得られたポリイミド粉末(8)(2.20g)に、NMP(16.3g)を加え、70℃にて24時間攪拌して溶解させた。この溶液に、BCS(7.00g)、PB(14.0g)、DIBK(9.34g)、S2(0.11g)、M2(0.22g)及びK1(0.22g)加え、25℃で2時間攪拌して、液晶配向処理剤(18)を得た。この液晶配向処理剤に、濁りや析出などの異常は見られず、均一な溶液であることが確認された。
得られた液晶配向処理剤(18)と液晶組成物(1)を用いて、ガラスを基板とする液晶表示素子を作製し、上記した各評価を行った。
合成例8で得られたポリイミド粉末(8)(2.20g)に、γ-BL(4.67g)及びPGME(30.4g)を加え、70℃にて24時間攪拌して溶解させた。この溶液に、MIBK(11.7g)、S1(0.22g)、M1(0.11g)及びK1(0.44g)を加え、25℃で2時間攪拌して、液晶配向処理剤(19)を得た。この液晶配向処理剤に、濁りや析出などの異常は見られず、均一な溶液であることが確認された。
得られた液晶配向処理剤(19)と液晶組成物(1)を用いて、ガラス及びプラスチックを基板とする2種の液晶表示素子を作製し、上記した各評価を行った。
合成例8で得られたポリイミド粉末(8)(2.20g)に、NEP(18.7g)を加え、70℃にて24時間攪拌して溶解させた。この溶液に、PB(18.7g)及びDIBK(9.34g)を加え、25℃で2時間攪拌して、液晶配向処理剤(20)を得た。この液晶配向処理剤に、濁りや析出などの異常は見られず、均一な溶液であることが確認された。
得られた液晶配向処理剤(20)と液晶組成物(1)を用いて、ガラスを基板とする液晶表示素子を作製し、上記した各評価を行った。
合成例9で得られたポリイミド粉末(9)(2.20g)に、NMP(4.67g)及びNEP(18.7g)を加え、70℃にて24時間攪拌して溶解させた。この溶液に、BCS(9.34g)及びMIBK(14.0g)を加え、25℃で2時間攪拌して、液晶配向処理剤(21)を得た。この液晶配向処理剤に、濁りや析出などの異常は見られず、均一な溶液であることが確認された。
得られた液晶配向処理剤(21)と液晶組成物(1)を用いて、ガラスを基板とする液晶表示素子を作製し、上記した各評価を行った。
合成例9で得られたポリイミド粉末(9)(2.10g)に、γ-BL(8.91g)及びPGME(13.4g)を加え、70℃にて24時間攪拌して溶解させた。この溶液に、PB(8.91g)及びMEK(13.4g)を加え、25℃で2時間攪拌して、液晶配向処理剤(22)を得た。この液晶配向処理剤に、濁りや析出などの異常は見られず、均一な溶液であることが確認された。
得られた液晶配向処理剤(22)と液晶組成物(1)を用いて、ガラス及びプラスチックを基板とする2種の液晶表示素子を作製し、上記した各評価を行った。
なお、液晶層と垂直液晶配向膜との密着性の評価(プラスチック基板)」に関しては、標準試験とともに、実施例6と同じ条件にて強調試験を行った。その結果、素子内に少量の気泡が見られた。
合成例12で得られたポリシロキサン溶液(1)(20.0g)に、ECS(7.87g)、BCS(10.2g)、MIBK(15.3g)、S2(0.12g)及びM2(0.12g)を加え、25℃で5時間攪拌して、液晶配向処理剤(23)を得た。この液晶配向処理剤に、濁りや析出などの異常は見られず、均一な溶液であることが確認された。
得られた液晶配向処理剤(23)と液晶組成物(1)を用いて、ガラス及びプラスチックを基板とする2種の液晶表示素子を作製し、上記した各評価を行った。
なお、液晶層と垂直液晶配向膜との密着性の評価(プラスチック基板)に関しては、前記標準試験とともに、実施例6と同じ条件にて強調試験を行った。その結果、素子内に気泡は見られなかった。
実施例26で得られた液晶配向処理剤(23)と液晶組成物(2)を用いて、ガラス及びプラスチックを基板とする2種の液晶表示素子を作製し、上記した各評価を行った。
合成例13で得られたポリシロキサン溶液(2)(20.0g)に、EC(7.87g)、PB(5.09g)、MEK(5.09g)及びMIBK(15.3g)を加え、25℃で5時間攪拌して、液晶配向処理剤(24)を得た。この液晶配向処理剤に、濁りや析出などの異常は見られず、均一な溶液であることが確認された。
得られた液晶配向処理剤(24)と液晶組成物(1)を用いて、ガラス及びプラスチックを基板とする2種の液晶表示素子を作製し、上記した各評価を行った。
実施例28で得られた液晶配向処理剤(24)と液晶組成物(2)を用いて、ガラス及びプラスチックを基板とする2種の液晶表示素子を作製し、上記した各評価を行った。
合成例14で得られたポリシロキサン溶液(3)(21.0g)に、EC(8.26g)、BCS(16.0g)、MIBK(2.68g)、DIBK(8.03g)及びK1(0.076g)を加え、25℃で5時間攪拌して、液晶配向処理剤(25)を得た。この液晶配向処理剤に、濁りや析出などの異常は見られず、均一な溶液であることが確認された。
得られた液晶配向処理剤(25)と液晶組成物(2)を用いて、ガラス及びプラスチックを基板とする2種の液晶表示素子を作製し、上記した各評価を行った。
なお、液晶層と垂直液晶配向膜との密着性の評価(プラスチック基板)に関しては、前記標準試験とともに、実施例6と同じ条件(但し、高温高湿槽内の保管は144時間)にて強調試験を行った。その結果、素子内に少量の気泡が見られた。
合成例14で得られたポリシロキサン溶液(3)(21.0g)に、EC(8.26g)、BCS(16.0g)、MIBK(2.68g)、DIBK(8.03g)、S1(0.126g)、M2(0.252g)及びK1(0.076g)を加え、25℃で5時間攪拌して、液晶配向処理剤(26)を得た。この液晶配向処理剤に、濁りや析出などの異常は見られず、均一な溶液であることが確認された。
得られた液晶配向処理剤(26)と液晶組成物(2)を用いて、ガラス及びプラスチックを基板とする2種の液晶表示素子を作製し、上記した各評価を行った。
なお、液晶層と垂直液晶配向膜との密着性の評価(プラスチック基板)に関しては、前記標準試験とともに、実施例6と同じ条件(但し、高温高湿槽内の保管は
144時間)にて強調試験を行った。その結果、素子内に気泡は見られなかった。
合成例15で得られたポリシロキサン溶液(4)(20.0g)に、ECS(7.87g)、BCS(10.2g)、MIBK(15.3g)、S2(0.12g)及びM2(0.12g)を加え、25℃で5時間攪拌して、液晶配向処理剤(27)を得た。この液晶配向処理剤に、濁りや析出などの異常は見られず、均一な溶液であることが確認された。
得られた液晶配向処理剤(27)と液晶組成物(1)を用いて、ガラス及びプラスチックを基板とする2種の液晶表示素子を作製し、上記した各評価を行った。
なお、液晶層と垂直液晶配向膜との密着性の評価(プラスチック基板)に関しては、前記標準試験とともに、実施例6と同じ条件にて強調試験を行った。その結果、素子内に少量の気泡が見られた。
合成例10で得られたポリアミド酸溶液(10)(10.0g)に、NMP(19.0g)、BCS(10.6g)及びMIBK(15.9g)を加え、25℃で5時間攪拌して、液晶配向処理剤(28)を得た。この液晶配向処理剤に、濁りや析出などの異常は見られず、均一な溶液であることが確認された。
得られた液晶配向処理剤(28)と液晶組成物(1)を用いて、ガラスを基板とする液晶表示素子を作製し、上記した各評価を行った。
合成例11で得られたポリイミド粉末(11)(2.20g)に、NMP(18.7g)及びNEP(4.67g)を加え、70℃にて24時間攪拌して溶解させた。この溶液に、BCS(9.34g)及びMIBK(14.0g)を加え、25℃で2時間攪拌して、液晶配向処理剤(29)を得た。この液晶配向処理剤に、濁りや析出などの異常は見られず、均一な溶液であることが確認された。
得られた液晶配向処理剤(29)と液晶組成物(1)を用いて、ガラスを基板とする液晶表示素子を作製し、上記した各評価を行った。
合成例2で得られたポリアミド酸溶液(2)(10.0g)に、NMP(29.6g)及びBCS(15.9g)を加え、25℃で5時間攪拌して、液晶配向処理剤(30)を得た。この液晶配向処理剤に、濁りや析出などの異常は見られず、均一な溶液であることが確認された。
得られた液晶配向処理剤(30)と液晶組成物(1)を用いて、ガラスを基板とする液晶表示素子を作製し、上記した各評価を行った。
比較例3で得られた液晶配向処理剤(30)と液晶組成物(2)を用いて、ガラスを基板とする液晶表示素子を作製し、上記した各評価を行った。
合成例3で得られたポリイミド粉末(3)(2.15g)に、NMP(31.9g)及びNEP(4.56g)を加え、70℃にて24時間攪拌して溶解させた。この溶液に、BCS(9.12g)を加え、25℃で2時間攪拌して、液晶配向処理剤(31)を得た。この液晶配向処理剤に、濁りや析出などの異常は見られず、均一な溶液であることが確認された。
得られた液晶配向処理剤(31)と液晶組成物(1)を用いて、ガラスを基板とする2種の液晶表示素子を作製し、上記した各評価を行った。
比較例5で得られた液晶配向処理剤(31)と液晶組成物(2)を用いて、ガラスを基板とする液晶表示素子を作製し、上記した各評価を行った。
合成例3で得られたポリイミド粉末(3)(2.20g)に、γ-BL(23.3g)及びPGME(14.0g)を加え、70℃にて24時間攪拌して溶解させた。この溶液に、PB(9.34g)を加え、25℃で2時間攪拌して、液晶配向処理剤(32)を得た。この液晶配向処理剤に、濁りや析出などの異常は見られず、均一な溶液であることが確認された。
得られた液晶配向処理剤(32)と液晶組成物(1)を用いて、ガラス及びプラスチックを基板とする2種の液晶表示素子を作製し、上記した各評価を行った。
合成例13で得られたポリシロキサン溶液(2)(20.0g)に、EC(23.2g)及びPB(10.2g)を加え、25℃で5時間攪拌して、液晶配向処理剤(33)を得た。この液晶配向処理剤に、濁りや析出などの異常は見られず、均一な溶液であることが確認された。
得られた液晶配向処理剤(33)と液晶組成物(1)を用いて、ガラス及びプラスチックを基板とする2種の液晶表示素子を作製し、上記した各評価を行った。
比較例8で得られた液晶配向処理剤(33)と液晶組成物(2)を用いて、ガラス及びプラスチックを基板とする2種の液晶表示素子を作製し、上記した各評価を行った。
更に、特定側鎖構造を含まない重合体を用いた場合は、液晶が垂直配向しなかった。具体的には、比較例1及び比較例2である。
なお、2014年3月27日に出願された日本特許出願2014-065759号の明細書、特許請求の範囲、及び要約書の全内容をここに引用し、本発明の明細書の開示として、取り入れるものである。
Claims (17)
- 電極を備えた一対の基板の間に液晶層を有し、前記一対の基板の間に活性エネルギー線及び熱の少なくとも一方により重合する重合性化合物を含む液晶組成物を配置し、更に、基板の少なくとも一方が液晶を垂直に配向させるような液晶配向膜を有し、液晶組成物の一部又は全体が液晶性を示す状態で前記液晶組成物の硬化を行い、液晶と重合性化合物の硬化物複合体を形成させて得られる液晶表示素子であり、前記液晶配向膜が、下記式[1]で示される溶媒を含み、かつ下記式[2-1]及び式[2-2]で示される構造からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種を有する重合体を含む液晶配向処理剤から得られる液晶配向膜からなることを特徴とする液晶表示素子。
- 前記式[1]で示される溶媒が、2-ブタノン、3-ペンタノン、4-メチル-2-ペンタノン及び2,6-ジメチル-4-ヘプタノンから選ばれる少なくとも1種の溶媒である請求項1に記載の液晶表示素子。
- 前記重合体が、アクリルポリマー、メタクリルポリマー、ノボラック樹脂、ポリヒドロキシスチレン、ポリイミド前駆体、ポリイミド、ポリアミド、ポリエステル、セルロース及びポリシロキサンから選ばれる少なくとも1種の重合体である請求項1又は2の液晶表示素子。
- 前記重合体が、前記式[2-1]及び式[2-2]で示される構造からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の側鎖を有するジアミンを原料の一部に用いて得られる、ポリイミド前駆体及びポリイミドからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の重合体である請求項3に記載の液晶表示素子。
- 前記重合体が、下記式[A1]で示されるアルコキシシランを重縮合させて得られるポリシロキサン、式[A1]と下記式[A2]又は式[A3]で示されるアルコキシシランのいずれか1種を含むアルコキシシランを重縮合させて得られるポリシロキサン、及び式[A1]、式[A2]及び式[A3]で示されるアルコキシシランを重縮合させて得られるポリシロキサンから選ばれる少なくとも1種のポリシロキサンである請求項3に記載の液晶表示素子。
- 前記液晶配向処理剤が、N-メチル-2-ピロリドン、N-エチル-2-ピロリドン及びγ-ブチロラクトンからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1つの溶媒を含有する、請求項1~8のいずれか1項に記載の液晶表示素子。
- 前記液晶配向処理剤が、1-ヘキサノール、シクロヘキサノール、1,2-エタンジオール、1,2-プロパンジオール、プロピレングリコールモノブチルエーテル、エチレングリコールモノブチルエーテル及びジプロピレングリコールジメチルエーテルからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1つの溶媒を含有する、請求項1~9のいずれか1項に記載の液晶表示素子。
- 前記液晶配向処理剤が、光ラジカル発生剤、光酸発生剤及び光塩基発生剤からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の発生剤を含有する、請求項1~11のいずれか1項に記載の液晶表示素子。
- 前記液晶配向処理剤が、エポキシ基、イソシアネート基、オキセタン基、シクロカーボネート基、ヒドロキシ基、ヒドロキシアルキル基及び低級アルコキシアルキル基からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の置換基を2個以上有する化合物を含有する、請求項1~13のいずれか1項に記載の液晶表示素子。
- 前記基板が、プラスチック基板である請求項1~14のいずれか1項に記載の液晶表示素子。
- 請求項1~15のいずれか1項に記載の液晶表示素子に用いる液晶配向膜。
- 請求項16に記載の液晶配向膜を形成するための液晶配向処理剤。
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